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Background/Aim. Patients with severe clinical COVID-19 are at higher risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of the study was to analyze the risk factors for AKI/AKI on chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the results of treatment using continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Methods. The study included 101 COVID-19 patients with AKI treated with CRRT out of a total of 293 patients with AKI. The study was conducted from March 2020 to July 2021 at the University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia. Results. The average age of patients was 64.69 ± 9.71 years. Out of the total number of patients, 82.2% were male, of whom 75.2% suffered from hypertension. On invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) were 93.7% of patients, and 92.1% were on vasopressor therapy. The average length of IMV until the beginning of CRRT was 4.65 ± 4 .57 days. In the first 24 hrs after starting IMV, 60% of patients had to undergo CRRT. Before administering CRRT, the average Simplified Acute Physiology Score II was 39.13 ± 14.45, creatinine 312 μmol/L [Interquartile Range (IQR) 208.0–437.5], procalcitonin 2.70 ng/L (IQR 0.62–7.20), while 10.9% of patients had SpO2/FiO2 index > 200 and 41.6% had anuria. The mean number of procedures was 2.01 ± 1.36. The most frequent modality was hemodiafiltration in 67.3% of patients, and 46% used the oXiris® membrane. Using binary logistic regression, including demographic parameters, comorbidities, as well as clinical parameters before CRRT, it was found that patients with previous kidney disease were 3.43 times more susceptible to developing AKI, and patients with SpO2/FiO2 index ≥ 200 were 69% less susceptible to developing AKI/AKI on CKD requiring CRRT in the first 24 hrs from the start of IMV. Conclusion. Determining the risk factors for AKI/AKI on CKD is important for planning the prevention of these conditions that require the application of CRRT with the correct choice of dialysis modality and dose, membrane/filter type, and anticoagulant dose.

Oats are of great economic importance. This species is unfairly neglected and less cultivated in the world and our country, because other small grains give a higher yield. This study aimed to test black oats - Avena strigosa Schreb. and examine its morphologically productive properties on chernozem. The experiment was set up in 3 repetitions on the plots of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crop in Bački Petrovac, in 2022, in two variants: control and foliar nutrition. Standard cultivation technology was applied during the experiment. The harvest was done at the technological maturity of the crop. Before harvest, plants were taken from each repetition for the analysis of the following parameters: plant height, plant mass, root length, leaf length and grain yield per plant. Satisfactory values of the tested productivity parameters were achieved in an unfavourable year for production. Nutrition had a significant impact on grain yield per plant and yield components. Black oats can be successfully grown as a cover crop and as a forage crop. It is preferred for growing in sustainable systems of agricultural production for food, due to its great nutritional value and may provide great health benefits.

Introduction. Rapid diagnosis of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) and initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in diabetic patient successfully corrects a severe metabolic disorder of a patient with acute renal failure. Case outline. A 58-year-old male patient with a medical history of type 2 diabetes and alcohol abuse was admitted to the Emergency Department because of vomiting, diarrhea, and altered mental status. Initial arterial blood gas analysis revealed severe metabolic acidosis (pH: 6.8, PaCO2: 12 mmHg, HCO3: 3.2 mmol/l), but the lactate level was too high to measure. MALA was suspected based on progressive lactic acidosis and past intake of metformin. Renal replacement therapy was initiated – continuous veno–venous hemodiafiltration, and as a result a significant improvement of the clinical status, with both blood pH and lactate level showing normalization, was achieved after finishing CRRT. Conclusion. MALA carries an ominous prognosis. This case suggests early initiation of CRRT in hemodynamically unstable diabetic patients with MALA.

Introduction: Metformin is a drug of choice in the therapy of type II Diabetes mellitus. There is a growing evidence of metformin's antitumor activity, but the suggested mechanisms of such activity are still not fully elucidated. Aim: To investigate the effect of therapeutic doses of metformin on viability and mitochondrial status of human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NCI-H460) and human immortalized lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) cell lines. Material and methods: Acid phosphatase and Crystal Violet assays were used for the determination of NCI-H460 and MRC-5 cell viability after the treatment with metformin (10-60 µM) for 1-7 days. Mitochondrial membrane potential, production of reactive oxygen species and superoxide anion, as well as mitochondrial mass were measured using flow cytometry after the treatment of the cells for 3, 24 and 120 h, followed by staining with appropriate fluorochromes: JC-1, DHR, DHE and Mitotracker Red. Results: Metformin did not change the viability of both NCI-H460 and MRC-5 cells in all investigated time-points and all used concentrations. Depolarization of mitochondrial membrane was observed 3 h post-treatment in MRC-5 cells. Prolonged treatment (120 h) increased superoxide anion production and mitochondrial mass in NCI-H460 cells. No significant changes in production of reactive oxygen species were observed in both cells lines after short or extended exposure to metformin. Conclusion: : Therapeutic concentrations of metformin do not influence the viability of NCI-H460 and MRC-5 cells, but induce mitochondrial depolarization after short-term exposure in lung fibroblasts and increase production of superoxide anion and mitochondrial mass in lung carcinoma cells after prolonged treatment.

Introduction. Patients with COVID-19 infection are vulnerable to a variety of serious complications, including invasive fungal infections such as aspergillosis. Because pulmonary aspergillosis is difficult to confirm with perfect confidence, it has been classified as “proven,”“probable,” and “possible.” We present a patient with COVID-19 infection in whom a “probable” pulmonary aspergillosis was complicated by hematogenous spread into brain with formation of multiple abscesses. Case outline. A 67-year-old female was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from a nasopharyngeal swab. The patient had never been vaccinated before. Despite standard therapy and noninvasive oxygen support, the patient’s health deteriorated one month following the onset of the disease, with chest discomfort, cough, and hemoptysis. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral infiltrative lesions with varying diameters of cavities, primarily in the left lung, as well as modest effusions in both pleural spaces. Aspergillus hyphae were isolated from tracheobronchial aspirates. Despite therapy with Amphotericin B, which was only available antifungal medication at the time, the patient fell into a coma. A CT scan of the skull revealed several infiltrative lesions inside the brain, some with cavities suggestive to metastatic abscesses, most likely of fungal etiology (Aspergillus) as a result of hematogenous spread of pulmonary aspergillosis. Despite therapy and all other precautions, the patient died. The autopsy was not carried out. Conclusion. In addition to other complications, COVID-19 patients may develop pulmonary aspergillosis, which can be fatal because of the possibility of hematogenous spread to the brain.

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Bread wheat is one of the most important crops in the world. Wheat breeding has been based on science and has been constantly evolving due to breeding program improvements. Improving yield potential, resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and baking quality are priorities for breeding this cereal. Soil and climatic conditions are one of the most important factors affecting the grain yield of wheat. During the two vegetation seasons, phenotypic variability and genotype by environment interaction (GEI) for spike index of eleven wheat genotypes were studied under specific growing conditions of halomorphic soil, solonetz type. The combined ANOVA showed that the phenotypic expression of spike index was significantly influenced by environmental variations, because the significant variance explained 48.8 % of the total variation, while genotype contributed with 7.8 % of the total variation of the experiment. The first source of variation IPCA1 explained 55.6 % of the GEI variation for the spike index of wheat. Genetics analysis of different wheat genotypes grown in different agro-ecological conditions contributes to their better utilization, as well as, selection for crosses in wheat breeding programs.

Background/Aim. As an optimal treatment of choice for patients with the latest stage of chronic kidney failure (CKD), renal transplantation (Tx) is performed. The resistance index (RI) of the renal artery is measured by Doppler ultrasonography routinely at certain time intervals to show the condition of the renal graft. The value of RI > 0.75 is considered abnormal. The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between the values of the RI index and the function of the transplanted kidney. Methods. We analyzed retrospectively 63 patients in whom kidney transplant was done at the Clinic for Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, the University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia, in the period from 2013 to 2017. Doppler of renal blood vessels was made to all examined patients in the first month after the renal trans-plantation. In addition to standard demographic data, all patients had the RI index and its relationship to the function of the transplanted kidney analyzed immediately after transplantation, as well as in the 6th, 12th, and 18th month, and in a certain number of patients in the 24th and 48th month after transplantation. Results. Out of 63 patients, 63.5% were men, and 26.5% were women, with an average age of 47.67 ± 13.62 years. The primary diseases in patients which led to the terminal CKD stage were hypertension in 33.3% and different forms of glomerulonephritis; while other diseases (diabetes mellitus, chronic pyelonephritis, eclampsia, polycystic kidneys, kidney agenesia, and unknown cause) were present in a lower percentage. RI < 0.75 was present in 73%, and RI > 0.75 in 27% of patients. There was no statistically significant association between RI and serum creatinine or creatinine clearance at a given time, and there was no connection between RI and gender, as well as length of previous treatment by HD. There was a statistically significant association between RI and age of kidney recipient, as well as Tx type. Conclusion. In the observed group of patients, RI of renal arteries did not prove to be a good predictor of the function of the transplanted kidney either in the early or later post-transplant periods. RI might have greater predictive significance if it were determined on or immediately after the transplantation procedure.

Strong communication and cooperation between the family and the school is one of the most important factors contributing to students' learning, identity and well-being. This research aimed to support Serbian policy makers and school authorities to engage more effectively with families as children transition to the first years of school. By drawing on the experiences of Serbian parents who live in Australia and Australian teachers, and considering contemporary educational literature on family-school engagement, it was hoped to identify strategies that might be employed to encourage Serbian school communities to strengthen communication with families and foster improved cooperation between parents and teachers in the early years of school. This study used a qualitative research approach (semi-structured questionnaires and follow-up interviews) to explore parents' and teachers' perceptions and experiences of building and sustaining family-school partnerships in each context. Analyses of Serbian parents' and teachers' views of family-school interactions during the transition-to-school period indicated that families had limited, if any, communication with the school and were rarely involved in their children's learning, including classroom activities and extracurricular events. Analyses of Australian parents' and teachers' perceptions of their transition-to-school engagement experiences indicated that communication and cooperation between family and school were common and frequent. The findings from this study identified a range of suggestions that Serbian schools might adopt to strengthen and sustain communication, engagement and cooperation with families, particularly during the period when children begin school.

Introduction. A single pass albumin dialysis (SPAD) is a form of extracorporeal liver support system for removing albumin-bound toxins and water-soluble substances that accumulate in liver failure (LF). Case report. We presented three patients hospitalized for LF and treated using the SPAD at the University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia, from 2018 to 2019. Two of the patients presented with acute LF and one with acute-on-chronic LF. A total of 6 SPAD sessions were performed on each patient, resulting in decreased serum bilirubin and bile acid levels and hepatic encephalopathy grade. On discharge from the hospital, the liver function was improved in all the patients. Conclusion. SPAD removes the hepatotoxic substances without improvement of synthetic liver function. It represents a supportive treatment for LF patients who do not respond to the standard of care, offering a longer time for bridging to organ transplantation or spontaneous recovery of the liver function.

Background/Aim. In the past three decades focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was commonly regarded as a part of obesity related glomerulopathy (ORG) a distinct entity featuring proteinuria, glomerulomegalia, progressive glomerulosclerosis and renal functional decline. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the glomerular morphometry, clinical features and two years outcome in obese and non-obese FSGS patients. Methods. The study included 35 FSGS patients (23 males, age 46.5±15.2 years); divided in two groups: obese (BMI ≥27 kg/m2- 18 patients, age 47.2±15.5 years) and non-obese (BMI

A new motpellier maple (Acer monspessulanum L.) site was described in this paper, located on mountain Boranja, in forest management unit „Istočna Boranja“, above Roguljski potok, on Glogovita kosa ridge. Montpellier maple occurs on elevations between 460 and 480 m a.s.l., on southwestern and western aspect, on very steep slopes with inclination 45° tо 50°. The site area is 874 m2, аnd coordinates of site centre are: λ=19°13’49.0” and φ=44°25’21.33”. In this site, Montpellier maple occurs in a plant community of hop-hornbeam and manna ash, and considering that Montpellier maple was recorded in all three layers, and that it occurs abundantly in shrub and ground layers, a subassotiation with montpellier maple was set apart (Оstryo carpinifoliae-Fraxinetum orni subass. аceretosum monspessulanii). According to floristic composition, most plant species belong to the submediterranean floral type, so this community represents an enclave of submediterranean vegetation in the belt of continental beech forests. The community is of azonal character, orographically-edaphically conditioned, and occurs in warmer aspects, on shallow and skeletal rendzina on oolithic limestones.

In the article, we analyse discourse on drug abuse in contemporary Serbia. The ruling official discourse on drugs can be subsumed under the definition of moral panic, in creation of which, as well in dissemination, the media play an important role. Media uses specific vocabulary to send message warning of an impending social catastrophe. This tactic is effective: recipients of media content become anxious and frightened by the downfall of the society that awaits them in the near future. So logically they are converting into supporters of official discourses on the topic. In the end, this process has the power to briefly connect a shredded tissue of social cohesion, but also to produce a lack of freedom of citizens. In order to investigate whether drug-related moral panics in our country can have such implications, in this paper we analyzed the official discourse embodied in anti-drug policies, and the public discourse offered by media. Findings suggest that policymakers are calling on war against drugs, and name prevention and criminalization as the most successful strategies to fight it. The recipients of media content are agreeing with them. Furthermore, there is no doubt that such o discourse encourages the spread of moral panic about drugs, as well as social cohesion. Although abstractly defined, the enemy - drug, has the power to unite. However, it also causes a lack of freedom. Because of the narrative of the impending catastrophe, the citizens feel powerless and therefore demand from the higher state authorities to act in the name of the social future.

Alfalfa is the most important forage legume in our agroecological conditions for feeding cattle. In the area of Jablanica district, alfalfa occupies a considerable place in the total plant production. The restrictive factor in the establishment and short durability of alfalfa stand is the low pH of arable agricultural soil. Within the three-year field trial on Vertisol soil type (pH in KCl 4.9), from 2016 to 2018, alfalfa plot yield has been analyzed with different fertilization variants. The research results indicate that alfalfa provides a significantly higher yield on the plot where amelioration measures were applied, through the application of limestone and manure, with the addition of mineral fertilizer. A barely lower yield was achieved on the calcified and manured plot, while the lowest yield was on the control plot, where a generous amount of mineral fertilizer was added, which is a common practice of agricultural producers in the area of Jablanica district.

Introduction Patients with orthodontic diagnosis of spacing most often require a multidisciplinary approach, which includes orthodontic and following restorative treatment to enhance the esthetic outcome. The aim of this case report is to present management of spacing in the anterior region by orthodontic treatment followed by partial veneers using the injectable composite resin technique. Case report In this case, leveling and alignment of dental arches and stable occlusion was achieved during orthodontic treatment, with the correction of upper and lower incisor inclination and closing the diastemas. Intraoral and extraoral esthetic parameters were evaluated on the photographs, and partial veneers on lateral incisors and canines were designed for the wax-up model. In the injectable composite resin technique, the silicone index was used to transfer the wax-up to composite restorations. The highly filled injectable composite resin was injected through the silicone index and light-cured. The restoration required only gentle polishing due to the great precision of the index. Discussion Post-orthodontic recontouring in the anterior region is mostly done by direct composite restorations because they are cost-effective, minimally invasive, and the procedure is relatively simple. The injectable resin composite technique can be a solution for the same indication since it is less technique sensitive and gives predictable and great esthetic results, mostly without tooth preparation. Conclusion Management of anterior spacing in adult patients requires a comprehensive approach for optimal esthetic and functional results. In this case, orthodontic treatment was followed by partial veneers on lateral incisors and canines, using the injectable composite resin technique as a simple and predictable solution for minor restorative interventions to solve morphological tooth abnormalities in the esthetic smile zone.

Backgraund/Aim. Primary anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis are chronic multisystemic autoimmune diseases which include microscopic polyangitis (MPA), granulomatosis with polyangitis (WG), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (EPGA; churg-strauss syndrome – CSS), and also a localized forms of ill-ness. In our research, we studied clinical and serological parameters in patients, in order to find out which of them would be the best predictor of renal outcome in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Methods. Data from 42 patients with diagnose of MPA (9), WG (17), EPGA (0), CSS (0), and al-so idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (ROEB) without immune deposits (renal-limited vasculitis – 16) were analyzed. Cockroft formula was used for calculating the glomerular filtration in the moment of presenting the illness, and also after five year follow-up period. Other factors that were analyzed are: gender, age, type of ANCA antibodies, type of infections, stage of chronic kidney dis-ease, need for heamodialysis and mortality. Results. Of a total of 42 patients, 17 (40.48%) were male. The average age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 57.8 (± 10.44) years. Seventeen patients (40.48%) had a diagnosis of WG, 9 (21.43%) MPA, and 16 (38.09%) iRPGN. The presence of positive anti-proteinase (anti-PR3) antibodies was confirmed i n 1 8 patients, a nd a nti-MPO antibodies in 17 patients. Three patients had both subtypes of ANCA antibodies (anti-PR3 and anti-MPO). Initially, 12 patients required heamodialysis treatment. Twenty nine patients had a complete and 13 patients had partial remission. Out of the total number of patients, 8 patients (19.04%) developed the terminal renal failure stage, and ended up on a chronic dialysis program. During a five-year follow-up period, 12 patients (28.57%) resulted in death. The age of the patient proved to be statistically significant predictor of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at the moment of presentation of the disease (p = 0.011). GFR t = 0 was statistically significant (p = 0.000) for the evaluation of kidney function outcomes in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. Conclusion. Kidney function in the moment of illness presentation, determined by GFR t = 0, is the most important significant factor for predicting renal outcome in ANCA-associated vasculitis, and also the mortality in these patients.

Introduction Planning fixed prosthodontic reconstruction can be challenging task in everyday practice. When the last tooth in dental arch is missing, a single implant-supported crown is recommended. With the evolution of digital technology, it became possible that these restorations can be made using completely digital approach. The aim of this case report was to present complete clinical procedure of making implant supported single zirconia crowns for posterior teeth using completely digital approach. Case report A 53-year-old patient presented to the dental office with missing both first molars in the lower dental arch. The decision was made to make two implant-supported single screw-retained crowns, using digital approach. Intraoral scanning of the soft tissues and the implants' position was done using intraoral scanner Medit i500. The laboratory steps followed: computer-assisted design (CAD) and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM) of zirconia crowns. Conclusion Implant-supported single crowns for posterior teeth are an excellent solution for patients when the last tooth in dental arch is missing. Digital approach-from initial intraoral scanning (IOS), to designing the restoration in software and further processing of monolithic CAD/CAM generated crowns out of zirconia gives predictable, highly esthetic and functional results for implant-supported single crowns.

The paper deals with recent changes occurring in the English language due to the changes in the society itself. Every language is influenced by the changes happening in every aspect of human life, namely, in politics, economics, culture or human relations. The topic of the paper is how the changes in gender relations influence the English grammar, that is, the part of the grammar dealing with English pronouns. Nowadays, many people, transgender or others, refuse to be denoted by singular pronouns "he" or "she" - and choose the singular "they" instead. Although this use of "they" is not such a new thing, because the nonbinary pronoun "they" was voted the Word of the Year 2015 by American Dialect Society and again in 2019 as the Word of the Decade by the same institution, people are still sceptic about its grammatical correctness. But, this use of the pronoun is gaining in popularity, and very soon, the English language might accept these changes.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality (46 - 60%) among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Three methods are used for kidney function replacement in patients with end-stage renal disease: hemodialysis, pertioneal dialysis and kidney transplantation. About 40% of the dialysis population develop coronary artery disease (CAD) due to chronic metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Risk factors for developing CAD in this group of patients include chronic anemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and volume overload. Aim: To determine the impact of metabolic and inflammatory disorders in developing CAD in patients with CKD that are chronically treated with hemodialysis. Material and methods: This case-control study included 115 patients with end-stage renal disease that were treated in Hemodialysis ward, Clinic for Nephrology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia. Data were collected for the period from January 2015 to December 2020. Elective coronarography was used to determine the presence and the characteristics of CAD. We also analyzed patient's laboratory findings, their demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as primary renal disease that led to the development of CKD in these patients. Additional parameters used in this study included the presence of Diabetes mellitus (DM) and duration of hemodialysis. Results: Coronary artery disease was diagnosed in 19 out of 115 patients (16.5%). Patients with CAD had a significantly higher levels of serum calcium (2.3 to 2.2 mmol/L) (p = 0.039), while other laboratory parameters did not show significant correlation. Most of the patients with CAD were male (16 of 19 patients, 84.3%, p = 0.01), while 31.6% (6 of 19 patients) with CAD were diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus (p = 0.009). Conclusion: The presence of Diabetes mellitus, higher calcium level, as well as male gender signicifantly increase the risk of developing CAD in patients chronically treated with hemodialysis.

Introduction: The nutcracker syndrome is a rare clinical entity caused by compression of the left renal vein by the superior mesenteric artery. Epidemiologically opposite, IgA nephropathy is the most common cause of idiopathic glomerulonephritis. A combination of the two diseases has previously been reported in a few cases. Case Report: Herein we report a case of a 22-year-old male patient admitted because of macroscopic hematuria due to excessive oral anticoagulation. He had prior evidence of proteinuria, microhematuria, impaired kidney function, and enlarged left kidney. He presented with fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, and several instances of vomiting after a meal. A diagnosis of left renal vein compression and IgA nephropathy was made based on clinical, laboratory, radiological findings and kidney biopsy. The vascular anomaly was treated conservatively, while steroids were given to treat glomerulonephritis. The result was complete regression of symptoms, normal laboratory findings, and a significant drop in proteinuria. Conclusion: It is important to evaluate whether patients have nutcracker phenomenon before initiating treatment for IgA nephropathy and vice versa, as hematuria and proteinuria can be overlapping symptoms of both conditions. Renal biopsy should not be hesitated for differential diagnosis, and treatment should be highly individualized.

The subject of this paper are innovations, which play a crucial role in the development of entrepreneurship in the modern world. Sometimes it is enough for a company to make some important or even incremental innovation and to gain a market and competitive advantage. But sometimes, as in the case of the Finnish mobile phone manufacturer - Nokia, it is enough not to respond quickly enough before the emergence of a disruptive innovation and to lose 92% of the market as a result. Companies that have an environmental change rate faster than the rate of change of the company itself, i.e., those that implement innovations more slowly than the environment changes, are first doomed to lag behind others, and then also to become marginalized and eventually to disappear and be completely shut down. The importance of this paper is the innovation factor which remains paramount to the advancement of entrepreneurship, and whether it will be executed and driven in one way or another, by a government incentive or by the booming private sector, is irrelevant after all. China does this by direct government investment in innovation and innovative technologies, while in the US and to a lesser extent in Israel, it is happening in the free market. The countries of Scandinavia, Switzerland, Japan, South Korea and Singapore, as well as the "start-up nation", Israel, have a direct proportion of their GDP per capita and innovation index. This all tells us how important it is to support innovation. The induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis and, above all, desk research methods have been used for producing this paper.

We can rightly say that sport is the real source of multiculturalism, as it connects different people from different countries into a world community. Everybody finds enjoyment either in participating or in watching different sports events. Sport reduces stress and is especially important in lives of children because it enhances their self-confidence and keeps them healthy and fit. The language of sport is rich and encompasses different terms and expressions which are mainly internationally known and accepted without translation in almost all the countries of the world of today. The paper deals with different categories of words and their production, as well as with the specific idioms and phrases which appear in particular sports.

Small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as entrepreneurs in agrobusiness, make a major contribution to the economic growth and development of a country's economy. The current legislative and executive branches of government create fiscal policy of a country, which plays a significant role in supporting entrepreneurship. In a way, farms can be considered as a form of SME, because no agricultural farm, except privatized but previously fragmented agricultural combines, falls into the category of large enterprises or large farms. The state should promote the integration of new technologies and farmers should be provided training for the adoption of technologies, and given grants for innovations which is also the subject of research in this paper.

In this paper, we analyzed the violence of youth over parents. Parental victimization is the topic that is not enough revived in foreign, and especially not in domestic scientific literature. When it comes to our country, the focus of domestic researchers on two types of domestic violence is evident. Violence over women and children are considered to be the only relevant and highly troubling type of victimization by family violence. Our paper goals were to describe the characteristics of the perpetrators and victims, the characteristics of violence and family dynamics, and to try to understand the findings from the ecosystem's perspective. The ecosystem theory explains violence by the ontogenic, microsystem, mesosystem and egzosystem factors. We examined two dimensions of the model: ontogenetic, which emphasize individual characteristics, and microsystem - which is focused on factors connected with family system. We used documentary data on parents victimization gathered from the electronic database from Belgrade's Centers for Social Work for the period from 2010. to 2016. The sample consists of 85 files of fathers and mothers who were violated by their children, age 18-14. The data was collected and then statistically processed. The findings indicate that victims are mostly female, living in single-parent families, with poor educational, working and mental health status. It is also indicative that the share of fathers in the total number of victimized parents has a trend of growth. We noticed the differences in the structure of families from which parents come. Mothers mostly live alone with children, and fathers in a two-parent family. We find out that the predominant abusers are sons. The mental health of the perpetrators, regardless of gender, is fragile, and they are existencially dependent on their parents. Most of the parents are victimized by physical or physical and other forms of violence. The type of violence is significantly related to the sex of the abuser and the state of his mental health. Victimization is, as a rule, repeated and in a large number of cases, there is a danger of further progression of violence. Family dynamics is characterized by the absence of boundaries, rules, with parental permissiveness, and powerlessness. High dysfunctionality of family relations can be noted. In summary, the findings provide empirical confirmation of the ecosystem model assumptions.

Background/Aim. Development of inflammatory changes, fibrosis and loss of morphological structures of the interstitium have an important role in pathogenesis of primary glomerulonephritis, affecting the development, course and prognosis of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of changes in the interstitium on the prognosis of primary glomerulonephritis. Methods. The research included 216 patients suffering from different types of primary glumeronephritis treated at the Clinic for Nephrology and Clinical Immunology of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia who were being monitored on average for 77.5 months. After determining on pathohistological diagnosis of the type of glomerulonephritis, renal changes in the interstitium were quantified. Numerical density in the tissue volume unit and structure of infiltrates of the interstitium were established by using the Weibel system (M42) incorporated into light microscope. Routine analyses were performed by using standard laboratory procedure. Results. During the research period the highest numerical density of infiltrates was verified in extracapillary glomerulonephritis (147,869 × mm-3), slightly less in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (116,800 × mm-3) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (96,147 × mm-3), and the least being in glomerulonephritis with minimal changes (11,416 × mm-3). In all types of glomerulonephritis, apart from glomerulonephritis with minimal changes, there was a significantly (p < 0.0005) higher numerical density and incidence of infiltrate cells in relation to the control group. By comparing the numerical density of infiltrates of all cells to the parameters of renal function, a significant (p < 0.01) correlation of these phenomena was established. In order to get a better insight into the speed of progression of renal failure by setting a numerical limit of the density of infiltrates < 100,000 / > 100,000 cells/mm3, regardless of the type of glomerulonephritis, a prognostic predictor was established on the basis of which the patients with lower infiltration of the interstitium had significantly (p < 0.005) lower progression of renal failure. Conclusion. Density of infiltrates in the interstitium in primary glomerulonephritis is an important early prognostic predictor of progression of renal failure.

Derivation is one among the many processes of word-formation in English. It is a word-formation process by which a new word is produced from an already existing one by adding affixes (prefixes, infixes or suffixes) to a base. Affixes are also added to a base in the process of inflection, but in the case of inflection, it is not a new word that is produced, but only a grammatical variant of an already existing word. The paper discusses the affixes (suffixes mostly), which are used to produce the words denoting professions in English. It also deals with the new professions that are appearing every day due to the changes in all areas of human life and how the English language produces the new terms to cover these new needs. The point is that the names of all those professions are hard or even impossible to translate into Serbian, so the job of a translator is to discover the ways of how to find the best solution for the problem either by inventing a new term, or more often by adapting the foreign words to follow the rules of the Serbian language, which is not an easy task to do.

This paper describes the implementation of the SRPS ISO/IEC 17025:2006 standard in the Environmental Protection Agency, a state authority that performs the work of testing the quality of surface and ground water, sediment and air, according to the criteria of the Accreditation Body of Serbia (ATS). The success of maintenance of the acreditation system is presented by the new approach, by showing compliance indicator of the Accredation Body of Serbia as an objective indicator of competence for doing the given jobs. The paper contributes to the understanding of the importance of accreditation of jobs within the state administration, the body that examines the elements of the environment, which confirms its technical competence.

Although many things concerning foreign language dictionaries have already been said and discussed in scientific papers, we can still add some facts that seem important at this moment. The main thing is the appearance of online dictionaries which are taking place of the print ones. The paper discusses the types of dictionaries and how their definitions have changed over time, compares the advantages and disadvantages of monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, as well as the print and online ones, and says something about the situation in our country as far as the dictionaries are concerned.

In analytical methods used for monitoring of what special attention is paid to sample preparation. Therefore, the objective of this study was testing the efficiency of immunoaffinity columns (IAC) that are based on solid phase extraction principles used for samples preparation in determining aflatoxins and ochratoxins. Aflatoxins and ochratoxins concentrations were determined in totally 56 samples of food items: wheat, corn, rice, barley and other grains (19 samples), flour and flour products from grain and additives for the bakery industry (7 samples), fruits and vegetables (3 samples), hazelnut, walnut, almond, coconut flour (4 samples), roasted cocoa beans, peanuts, tea, coffee (16 samples), spices (4 samples) and meat and meat products (4 samples). Obtained results indicate advantage of IAC use for sample preparation based on enhanced specificity due to binding of extracted molecules to incorporated specific antibodies and rinsing the rest molecules from sample which could interfere with further analysis. Additional advantage is the usage of small amount of organic solvents and consequently decreased exposure of staff who conduct micotoxins determination. Of special interest is increase in method sensitivity since limit of quantification for aflatoxins and ochratoxins determination method is lower than maximal allowed concentration of these toxines prescribed by national rule book.

The paper analyses subjective expirience of normative and functional intergenerational solidarity dimensions trough young mother’s narratives on the expected and obtained assistance and support from their parents. Analysis had two goals. The first, a descriptive goal was to identify and describe 1. patterns of young mother’s expectations and 2. received help from their parents. The second goal was to ascertain the script standing behind expectations and received support. The sample consisted of twelve women - thirty years old mothers. With them was conducted semi structured interview. Gathered stories were interpreted using qualitative analysis. The findings show that respondents are counting on help from their parents. Expectations are based on a script about parenting as a heroic sacrifice and determined by the role of parents. Mothers are the dominant providers of assistance and support. They are asked to help with the children, in the housework, to provide emotional support and understanding. Fathers have an instrumental role - they are expected and provide material assistance. Recived support respondents perceived either as: full or sacrificing, dosed or assistance on call, and insufficient help. Expected and obtained kind in a large extent depends on the education, residency and employment status, and the degree of husband’s involvement in the housework and taking care of children. Indirectly, narrative analysis indicates a strong traditionalism in young mothers families. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 179035: Izazovi nove društvene integracije u Srbiji - koncepti i akteri, podprojekat: Politike roditeljstva]

This paper analyses a psychiatric institution resident’s identity (self)- construction processes. Our quest was grounded on constructivist theoretical paradigm that sees identity as a manner a person defines oneself in accordance with offered social repertoire. In other words, the total institution milieu offers limited range of identities to its residents. On the other hand, the latter are not just passive subjects that identity is imposed upon. They are able to use a number of adjustment mechanisms to the knowledge about themselves - ranging from symbolic escape to open resistance against the imposed image about them; to obedience, and we were interested to understand the (supposed) complex dynamic of identity (re)-building in, so-called, special or forensic patients. In order to understand this process and attempting to discover, besides the manifest also the latent layer of the story about self, the local, or personal, identity understanding was examined.

This study examined the mode of inheritance and the influence of genes on the grain number per spike in F1 generations, in 5x5 half diallel crosses of wheat cultivars. The results of the combining ability analysis did not indicate significant differences among the parents for general combining ability (GCA) and crosses for specific combining ability (SCA) for the grain number per spike. The GCA/SCA ratio tilted in favour of the SCA in this trait, which indicated the preponderance of non-additive gene, i.e. dominant effects in the genetic control of grain number per spike. Components data of genetic variance and regression analysis indicated a greater role of the dominant component in the grain number per spike inheritance. The regression line intercepts the Wr axis below the origin in F1, indicating over-dominance over an average of all arrays.

This text discusses the dezomorphine - a drug better known as crocodile. Use of this home made substance has reached epidemic range since 1990’s in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. Our analysis deals with this particular space. That is, considering the modest expert literature regarding the socio-demographic features of consumers, occurrence pervasiveness and its etiology, we have found data from the countries born after the Soviet Russia breakdown, which have obviously been the hardest hit by it. The first aim of our analyses was to: provide the summary of expert findings about the pervasiveness, crocodile consumers and assumptions regarding the etiology. The second aim aroused from the first: we tried to discuss and illustrate potential ethological factors connected with crocodile use initiation. Two sociological theories have framed the theoretical outline: theory of dislocation and critical criminology theory, which emphasize the significance of socalled social breakdown - unforeseen and large social changes that initiated deviant behavior, including addiction. Apart from summary of experts analysis of crocodile we have offered official statistics about social factors seen to have important role in development and speeding of this particular drug addiction. The findings of this, conditionally called, meta analysis are contradictory for large part depends on methodological difficulties and lack of adequate information. Summed up the findings point to the need for better methodological design and extended crocodile addiction research with attention drown to social context and cultural features of the countries emerged after the former Soviet Union breakdown.

The mode of inheritance of the ear traits considered as the yield components, namely kernel number and weight per ear were examined using diallel crossing method. Bread wheat varieties in study were from the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops (Novi Sad, Serbia) Breeding Program: Pobeda, Renesansa, Sara and Partizanka. As combining abilities of variance analysis suggested, a statistically significant share of both additive, and non-additive components was denoted. According to regression analysis, a well defined array of dominant and recessive alleles was observed due to genetically divergent parental varieties. Superdominance appeared to be the mode of inheritance for examined ear traits.

In this paper we explore the relationship between financial and residential independence of young people and some aspects of their psychological separation from parents. Namely, the adequate psychological separation of the youth from their parents is affected by the characteristics of family dynamics as a whole, by family narratives, and also by the ecosystem conditions (opportunities) for the financial and housing independence from parents. In order to examine these findings, which have been confirmed almost without exception in the foreign literature, we bring young people who live with their parents into the focus of this study, comparing them with their peers who have become independent in this respect. The analysis included a total of 1627 respondents aged 19-35 years, 909 of whom lived with their parents. We were interested in whether there were any significant differences in terms of statistics between these two diverse housing categories of respondents, considering material possibilities of the physical separation and some aspects of psychological separation from parents. These are: emotional, conflicting, and functional independence, and lack of privacy in the family. We obtained the following findings: there are clear differences in some aspects of psychological separation among those young people who continue living at their parents' home and those who chose (had a possibility of) physical separation. These findings must be interpreted from a broader, ecosystem perspective, in anticipation of the possible implications of the overall (non)independence of young people for their life outcomes.

In the introduction we discuss free time in the context of consequences of alcoholism on social, psychological, and especially family life, then, the changing use of free time as a significant symptom of alcoholism, and finally, the new organization of free time as an important goal of social reintegration of alcoholics’ families. In the next section, we examine ways in which members of Skela Club at the “Dr Laza Lazarević” Psychiatric Hospital spend their free time during periods of drinking, and during rehabilitation and social integration. The sample consisted of 30 subjects (25 men and 5 women), aged between 25 and 65, living in Belgrade or nearby, regularly attending Club meetings and actively participating in its work. A questionnaire with 35 questions, 32 closed and 3 open, was used. The first part referred to socio-demographic variables, the second to ways of spending free time during the period of addiction, and the third part to free time at present, in the stage of abstinence and rehabilitation. During the period of drinking, subjects were mostly spending their free time in the company of other addicts, in 80% of cases. Their leisure was not very interesting, as it consisted of very few activities: sitting in a bar (76.6%), watching TV (53.3%), reading newspapers (50%), sleeping (40%). In the period of drinking a large number of subjects, regardless of gender, felt lonely - 83%. During the period of abstinence, on the contrary, leisure is better organized, the number of activities increases, and their model changes to socializing with friends (76.6%), communication with family members (66.6%), going for walks (60%), reading books (50%), listening to music (46.6%), and sport activities (36.6%). The conclusion is that alcohol addicts spent their free time during the period of drinking significantly differently than at present, when they are undergoing treatment and rehabilitation. The difference in the quality and organization of free time at present and before is considerable, as is the amount of money invested in cultural and recreational activities. Abstinents spend more time with family, communicate better, renew old and establish new contacts. New ways of spending free time and family rituals are very important for their children since it prevents trans-generational transmission of alcoholism.

Background/Aim. Mucocele of a paranasal sinus is a benign non-neoplastic condition characterized by cystic expansion and distension of the sinus cavity by retained mucoid secretions. Etiology is unknown. The purpose of this study was to estimate the efficiency of the endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy (MMA) as a treatment modality in patients with maxillary sinus mucoceles. Methods. This retrospective study involved 11 patients with maxillary sinus mucoceles/pyoceles treated endoscopically in the Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology of Military Medical Academy, Belgrade over a 3-year period (2005-2007). The presented symptoms and signs, radiological and pathohistological findings and surgical treatment were reviewed. Results. There were four females and seven males, age 22 to 65 years (mean 33 years). Two patients were with allergic rhinitis. All the patients complained of nasal obstruction, ten had facial pain, seven had nasal discharge, five had cheek pressure, and four had epiphora, and four had headaches. On endoscopic nasal examination, the medial wall of the maxillary sinus was bulging in ten patients. Purulent drainage was seen in eight patients, septal deviation in ten, and polyps were found in two of the patients. The MMA and marsupialization of the mucocele were performed in all the patients. On histopathological examination, the mucocele wall showed a lining composed of respiratory epithelium. Postoperative follow-up ranged between 8 and 44 months (in six patients, it ranged from 24 to 44 months). No patients required revision surgery. Conclusion. The MMA with mucocele marsupialization abolishes middle meatal obstruction and establishes better drainage and ventilation of the maxillary sinus and restitution of its mucosa.

This review summarizes research findings on socio-pathological aspects of life of schizophrenic patients’ families. Instigated on a system theory, and socio-dynamic notion that links the commencement of the schizophrenia to economical circumstance of individual hence: inadequate function of this component is a product of personal pathology of individual. System therapy perceives family as a system as its members play particular roles and form multiple relations. Therapy observes family as a system: their members play certain roles and form multiple interactions. This disorder of the family system can be manifested through mental disturbance of one of its members: however, it is never a reflection of individual’s personal pathology but troubled family relations. System theory on commencement of schizophrenia emphasizes emotional relationship, atmosphere and communication between family members. Therefore, system theory underlines the importance of troubled emotional relationships, atmosphere bearing negative notion and inadequate communication between family members. Negative family surroundings, emotional and communicational character of the schizophrenic patients’ families’ relations were confirmed by the research.

Small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as entrepreneurs in agrobusiness, make a major contribution to the economic growth and development of a countrys economy. The current legislative and executive branches of government create fiscal policy of a country, which plays a significant role in supporting entrepreneurship. In a way, farms can be considered as a form of SME, because no agricultural farm, except privatized but previously fragmented agricultural combines, falls into the category of large enterprises or large farms. The state should promote the integration of new technologies and farmers should be provided training for the adoption of technologies, and given grants for innovations which is also the subject of research in this paper.