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Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) is part of the anti-nutritional complex present in soybeans. Soybean grain without KTI can be used in the diet of non-ruminants without prior heat treatment. In order to obtain soybean lines with reduced content of anti-nutrients in the grain, in the first place without KTI, we crossed the adapted genotype of standard grain quality (variety Kador) with the genotype without KTI, less adapted to our growing conditions (variety Kunitz). A segregating generation was obtained from which the three most productive F3 lines, heterozygous for the presence of KTI, were selected for the new crossing cycle. Two combinations of full-sib (FS) crosses with different numbers of successfully crossed plants were realized. Determination of the presence of KTI in progeny developed from selected lines originating from Kunitz x Kador crosses and their combinations of FS crosses was performed using protein markers on a native polyacrylamide gel. Based on the electrophoregram, it was noticed that the bands corresponding to the KTI position are not of the same intensity. The analysis was done from a group sample, so it is possible that the sample contains grains with and without KTI. Ten progenies of maternal lines and five progenies of FS crosses without a band corresponding to the KTI position were identified on the electrophoregram. A total of four progenies with grain yield per plant at the level and better than the more productive parent can be considered promising for the further selection process.

Bodily integrity is one of the main areas of interest for organ transplantation. The transfer of one human organ from one body to another is a matter of the bodily integrity of the human. The focus of the work is on the treatment of the human body in situations when it is necessary to make decisions on organ donation, in one's own and others' best interests. In this context, the possibility of an equal right to bodily integrity is considered, as well as the possibility of ownership of the body. The paper will consider legislation and court cases of the European Union member states concerning the situation in the Republic of Serbia. The final part of the paper concludes about the roles that individual participants in the process of organ donation should play in modern circumstances.

Due to its positive effects on human health, hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum) has increasingly been used as an alternative type of cereals in recent years. The main advantage of introducing hulless barley into various food products is a higher content of b-glucan than in other cereals and in particular common wheat. The aim of this paper was to examine morphological and productive characteristics, as well as the relationship and dependence between the studied characteristics of the hulless barley cultivar Goliat cultivated in an organic farming system. The mentioned characteristics were examined with regard to the weather conditions during three vegetation seasons (2009/2010-2011/2012) and with regard to fertilization. The impact of fertilization was monitored in the following treatments: T1 - application of biofertilizer in topdressing (5.0 l ha-1); T2fertilization using biohumus (3.0 t ha-1) and biofertilizer in topdressing (5.0 l ha-1); T0 - control - without the use of fertilizer and biofertilizer. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications, on the soil type of leached chernozem. The results showed that the year had a very significant impact on all the examined characteristics. Fertilization did not have a significant impact on stem length and grain weight per spike. However, other observed characteristics showed significant changes depending on fertilization. The strongest correlation was found between harvest index and grain weight per spike (0.898**), as well as between spike length and number of fertile spikelets (0.877**). On the basis of the regression analysis equation, it was determined that with the unit increase in the number of fertile spikelets grain number per spike increased by 0.573.

The basic premise of free and fair elections is equal participation and representation of all candidates and candidate lists. Media are crucial in this process, taking into account they go hand in hand with modern democracies. As such, the role of media in promotional activities is regulated by law. The existing legal framework regulating election campaigns requires further improvements, especially in regard to participation of public officials in election campaigns and the use of public resources for these purposes. The engagement of public officials in election campaigns, or promotion, is defined as a "functionary campaign". The year 2012 was a turning point for Serbia in terms of having functionary campaigns and consequently preventing free and fair elections. Until today multiple examples of usage of official capacities for campaign purposes have been reported. This paper defines functionary campaigns and analyses the existing legal provisions related to functionary campaigns in Serbia. While the legal framework requires further improvements what is worrisome is the poor implementation of the provisions in place. This paper also analyses the Government solutions proposed to the National Assembly of Serbia in 2019.

This paper presents the numerical modelling of the experimental determination of the compressive strength and the static modulus of elasticity of the lightweight concrete using the finite element method (FEM). In the theoretical review, a concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model of the concrete behaviour is described. Numerical modelling and nonlinear static (incremental-iterative) analyses were performed for two different configurations using the Abaqus © software. The first configuration of the model considers the experimental determination of the concrete compressive strength of the concrete cube, and the second one the determination of the static modulus of elasticity on the concrete cylinder. Steel plates in the three-dimensional FEM models located on the upper and lower sides of the specimens, which serve as the support or for the load application, thus capturing the contact conditions of concrete specimens with testing equipment more realistically, have also been taken into account.

Beta-blockers showed better results in lowering elevated blood pressure in the younger age group of patients with higher renin plasma levels. Actual recommendations from the European Society of Cardiology for treatment of arterial hypertension from 2013 insist that heart rate should always be measured along with blood pressure. These recommendations point out the significance of resting heart rate as an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with arterial hypertension. Beta-blockers have a compelling indication for treatment of arterial hypertension in patients with coexistence of coronary artery disease, especially post myocardial infarction, as well as in patients with systolic heart failure. Bisoprolol, a highly selective beta-blocker with a long half-life and a prolonged antihypertensive effect, has shown consistent blood pressure control over a period of 24 hours. It has been demonstrated in placebo-controlled studies that administration of thiazide diuretics, in addition to lowering blood pressure levels, had also been associated with a reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates. It is evident that effectiveness of thiazide diuretics is dose-dependent; however, undesirable effects of drugs are also dose-dependent. Depending on the dose, they aggravate glucose intolerance, increase lipid levels, cause hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypomagnesemia, and increase levels of uric acid. Administration of very low doses of a thiazide diuretic is acceptable in combination with other antihypertensive drugs, because it potentiates the action of other drugs without causing undesirable metabolic effects. The effectiveness and safety of the combination of bisoprolol (in various doses) and a thiazide diuretic in a small dose has been proven in clinical trials.

This is a review of the Monitoring System for 'Rail Road Bridge Novi Sad' constructed on the place of famous 'Žeželj' bridge, which is demolished in 1999. Monitoring system is a network based computer system for data acquisition with a goal of real-time observing of parameters, which are important for assessment of structural performances of the bridge. The system consists hardware parts (devices, equipment, cables) which delivered by various company sources and software part, which is originally developed and customized for purpose of test by load and exploitation of the bridge. In accordance to currently available information this monitoring system is one of the largest system of this type considering the number and kind of measuring points, quantity of processed and presented data, complexity and topology of its structure, as well as dedicated software environment. Department for Civil Engineering and Geodesy of Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad, company 'TRC Pro' from Petrovaradin and software company 'Creative Tree' from Novi Sad are main participants in development of this system.

This study was aimed at assessing the floristic composition of weeds, studying properties of different wheat genotypes of alternative small grains (stem height, last internode length and spike length, thousand-grain weight, grain yield) and the relationship between the studied traits and dry weight of weeds in an organic production system. Testing was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications, in a two-year period (2009/2010−2010/2011). The study included one variety of durum wheat Triticum durum (Dolap, G1), the compact wheat Triticum compactum (Bambi, G2) and spelt Triticum spelt (Nirvana, G3). A treatment for maintaining the increase in the biological soil fertility included two different fertilisation variants: T1 − fertilisation only with microbiological fertiliser as a top dressing (5.0 l ha-1); T2 − biohumus fertilisation (3.0 t ha-1) and microbiological fertiliser as a top dressing (5.0 l ha-1); T0 − control − without the use of fertilisers. The results have shown that the genotype and treatment, as studied factors, very significantly affected the dry weight of weeds, stem height, last internode length and spike length, as well as the yield of different wheat genotypes of alternative small grains, while the effect of their interaction was lower. In terms of the lowinput system, a highly significant negative correlation (r=-0.58) was observed between the stem height and the dry weight of weeds. In addition, a significant negative correlation was noticed between the grain yield and the dry weight of weeds (r=-0.44). These results showed that proper selection of the genotypes with the application of fertilisers could have a significant effect on the weeds and could lead to establishing a stable production in the organic production system. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 46006: Održiva poljoprivreda i ruralni razvoj u funkciji ostvarivanja strateških ciljeva Republike Srbije u okviru dunavskog regiona and Grant no. 31066: Savremeno oplemenjivanje strnih žita za sadašnje i buduće potrebe]

Introduction. Bilateral coronary artery fistulae to pulmonary artery with ventricular tachycardia have not yet been described in the literature. Case Outline. A case of a 23-year-old male patient who was treated at our clinic for recurrent ventricular tachycardia is presented. The patient was born with six fingers on his left hand, which was surgically corrected in his early childhood. Perfusion scintigraphy demonstrated reversible ischemia at the irrigation zone of the right coronary artery. The coronary angiography revealed two coronary to pulmonary artery fistulae. The right coronary artery fistula drained through a tubular vessel formation into the pulmonary artery, but the left anterior descendent fistula drained via multiple thin tortuous vessels into the pulmonary artery. The right coronary artery fistula was ligated surgically. The control scintigraphy registered no perfusion defect subsequently, but during the procedure ventricular tachycardia occurred. An electrophysiology study followed, but ventricular tachycardia could not be provoked. Two months later ventricular tachycardia occurred again. Two subsequent electrophysiology studies showed no ventricular tachycardia. The patient was treated with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Ventricular tachycardia was terminated four times during the first year follow-up. Conclusion. The mechanism of the ventricular tachycardia was unclear. The electrophysiology study was not sufficiently reliable in the patient with recurrent ventricular tachycardia and bilateral coronary artery to pulmonary artery fistulae. The therapy of choice and the prevention of sudden death in this case was an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

This paper discusses the development and verification of software tool for determining the location of partial discharge in a power transformer with the acoustic method. Classification and systematization of physical principles and detection methods and tests of partial discharge in power transformers are shown at the beginning of this paper. The most important mathematical models, features, algorithms, and real problems that affect measurement accuracy are highlighted. This paper describes the development and implementation of a software tool for determining the location of partial discharge in a power transformer based on a no iterative mathematical algorithm. Verification and accuracy of measurement are proved both by computer simulation and experimental results available in the literature.

The relationship between employment and criminal law measures are and are seen as multiple and complex relationships . This paper has sought to examine the relationship between criminal sanctions , security measures , suspension from work , suspension and criminal liability to labor relations. Our understanding is related to the ratio of the criminal and labor law in the Republic of Serbia. Relationships are discussing a long legal regulations and legal tradition that existed in the earlier Yugoslav federal community , and the Republic of Serbia has taken legal norms in this area , and therefore the previously created legal jurisprudence that has continued to exist in the Republic of Serbia as a legal successor of the former Yugoslav federation.

This study was aimed at investigating the productivity of buckwheat taking into account growing regions, especially altitude, since this species does not have demanding soil requirements. The experiments were conducted during 2009 and 2010 in two localities: Valjevo (the village of Jasenica at 300 m altitude - 2009 and the village of Jovanja at 160 m altitude - 2010), and Nova Varos (the village of Radijevići at 1,065 m altitude). Soil of the experimental plots at both localities was characterized by acidic chemical reactions, with 3-5% of humus. In addition, the soil was rich in potassium, but poor in phosphorus. Within the objective test, with four replications, microbiological fertilizers Bactofil and Slavol were applied just before planting, alone or in combination with soil additives (hydrogel and zeolite). Half of each plot was fertilized foliarly, by the application of microbiological fertilizer Slavol using the concentrations of 50 ml per 10 liters of water. As compared with the control (no fertilizer application), in all variants of fertilization with a top dressing, increased grain yields were obtained. Significantly higher grain yields of buckwheat were obtained in the first locality, especially in the variant of fertilization with the combined use of Slavol and soil conditioner hydrogel. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR-31037]

Starch, protein, and oil are most important storage chemical components in the mature kernels of maize. The aim of this study was to investigate chemical composition of grain of 100 maize inbred, from different heterotic groups. Average content of proteins, oil and starch of analyzed maize inbred lines was, 12,09%, 3,84% and 70,50% respectively. Lines from BSSS germplasm have the lowest content of protein and oil and the highest starch content while the lines from Lankester germplasm have the highest oil content, and lines from European germplasm have the highest protein content and the lowest starch content. Starch concentration is negatively correlated with both protein and oil concentrations in maize grain, while oil concentration has a positive relationship with protein concentration. Two inbred lines with high protein and oil content were distinguished L19 and L77 giving them potential use in breeding programs to improve protein and oil content.

Introduction. The European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) was developed in order to predict operative risk in cardiac surgery and to assess the quality of the cardio-surgical care. Introduction of the uniform terminology in result evaluation process leads to the significant improvement in measuring and evaluation of surgical treatment quality. Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate our results in isolated coronary surgery using the EuroSCORE. Methods. The study was done respectively by analyzing predicted mortality according to the EuroSCORE model and observed operative risk in 4,675 coronary patients operated at our Clinic during the period 2001-2008. For statistical analyses, the Pearson, Chisquare and ANOVA tests were used. Results. The total postoperative mortality predicted by the EuroSCORE was 2.9±2.25, while the observed one was 2.2%. When the scoring system and observed results were compared over the years, a considerably lower observed mortality was found during the last 4 years. Overall average number of distal anastomoses was 2.62±0.84. During the period 2004-2008, the average number of coronary anastomoses increased over the years reaching the value of 2.77±0.88. The difference is at the level of statistical significance with the trend of further increase. Percentage of the patients with single or double graft myocardial revascularization decreases, while the number of the patients with triple or more bypasses increases. Conclusion. During the last years, the results in isolated coronary surgery have considerably improved. The EuroSCORE overestimates operative risk. In order to improve its predictive value, the model should be recalibrated.

Introduction. Infantile nephropathic cystinosis (INC) is a metabolic disorder due to impaired carrier-mediated transport of cystine out of cellular lysosomes. Objective. To examine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of INC in paediatric patients with end- stage renal disease (ESRD) in Serbia and give a recent statement of the disease. Methods. ESRD database of the Centre for Paediatric Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) in Serbia was used to identify all patients with INC who started RRT before age of 19 years during the period January 1980 - December 2008; their records concerning clinical characteristics, therapy and outcome were evaluated. Results. Only three of 298 paediatric patients with ESRD had INC. The first signs of the illness were recognised during infancy. Fancony syndrome was diagnosed in the second year, but the diagnosis of cystinosis was delayed at mean 6 years. ESRD occurred in the first decade of life. All patients under- went cadaver kidney transplantation. At the end of the study period all patients were alive. A 31-year-old female patient was on maintenance chemodialysis due to graft failure after functioning for 11 years. She was growth retarded, single, unemployed, with severe signs of renal dystrophy. Two male patients (14.3 and 14.7 years old) had normal graft function, normal education, and good quality of life, although they were also severe growth retarded. Conclusion. The prevalence of infantile nephropathic cystinosis is low in Serbia. The diagnosis of cystinosis was delayed in all patients, although they exhibited the typical course of the disease.

Background. The ocular adnexal region is the primary localization of extranodal lymphoma in 5% to 15% of all Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Intraocular lymphoma of T-cell origin is extremely rare and such sites of infiltration have been rarely observed in clinical examination. Case report. We presented a 56-year-old man with iris infiltration by primary intraocular peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The patient was in clinical stage I BE and the treatment was initiated according to cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin, prednisone (CHOP) regimen. When the second course of the therapy was scheduled, the patient developed central nervous system lymphoma infiltration. Although De Angelis regimen was used, 3 months after the diagnosis was established, lethal outcome ensued due to disease progression. Conclusion. According to our experience we can conclude that further therapeutical approach to patients with primary intraocular Tcell lymphoma requires modification of conventional treatment regimens. The lower median survival in these patients suggests that the disease may be of more aggressive course.

This paper presents the results of the application of the machines and tools for new technologies in plant production for two years of research. The comparative analysis of the influence of new technologies and new types of machines was done, and also the effect of conventional tillage systems on several agricultural crops (sunflower, commercial maize and wheat). During the experiment, we analyzed the effects of application of new line of machines to: physical properties of soil, morphological features of crops, use of energy and yield, and we also analyzed the economic aspects of the application. On the control plots, a conventional tillage system was simultaneously applied for comparative analysis of the previously mentioned factors. Trials were conducted on production plots of Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje” in Krnješevci from October 2008 until July 2010.

Background/Aim. A term 'ocular hypertension' is used when IOP is found to be > 21 mmHg on two consecutive occasions, in the absence of detectable glaucomatous damage. The aim of this study was to determine the significance and contribution of Heidelberg Retinal Tomography II (HRT II) results that show very early, subtle changes in retinal neurofibre layers (RNFL) in the optic nerve head that are specific for glaucoma itself (the loss of neuroretinal rim area and an increase of Cup/Disc ratio), but are not possible to register by an ophthalmoscope. Also, when the results of the functional tests remain unchanged, that confirms the conversion of ocular hypertension into glaucoma. Methods. During a 5-year study period (2002-2007), 29 patients with ocular hypertension were examined. The frequency of control examinations, based on the presence of risk factors for glaucoma development, was 3-6 months. The examination also included IOP measurements with Goldmann Applanation Tonometry (GAT), central corneal thickness (CCT) determination by pachymetry, the examination of chamber angle using indirect gonioscopy, visual field tests by computerized perimetry and also papillae nervi optici (PNO) examination by using HRT II. The application of HRT II enables a great number of stereometric parameters of optic disc, the most important being the rim area and Cup/Disc (C/D) ratio, which was followed during the control examination by each segment, as well as PNO in global. Results. In the examination period, three cases of conversion of ocular hypertension into a primary open-angle glaucoma were found. In the group of patients with ocular hypertension, HRT II results after six months did not show a significant increase in C/D ratio. No significant loss of rim area or rim volume was found either. In three cases of conversion, HRT II results after 3 months showed an increase of C/D ratio and also a significant loss in rim volume at first examination (0.413) comparing to the last one. Conclusion. In diagnosing ocular hypertension and its conversion to glaucoma, HRT II is used for quantitative evaluation of retinal topography and for quantitative monitoring of topographical changes, especially regarding the increase of C/D ratio and loss of rim volume tissue, which enables to see and register subtle structural changes in optic nerve head and RNFL that are so characteristic for glaucoma, which cannot be seen by an ophthalmoscope. With these results, according to risk factors for glaucoma, one can confirm the diagnosis of ocular hypertension and its conversion to primary open-angle glaucoma. In this study HRT II revealed conversion of ocular hypertension into glaucoma in 10% of the patients.

Intercropping two or more crops under similar micro environmental conditions can increase the agricultural productivity. A field study was conducted in three-year period 2003-2005 at experimental field of Maize Research Institute, Belgrade on chernozem soil type. This examination included three experimental hybrids of maize from various FAO groups of ripening (500,600 and 700) and the type of soya bean from II group of ripening (Nena). Maize and soybean was grown in pure stands and three combinations of intercrops (alternate-row and in strip intercropping). Additive design was used for creating of intercrop variants. The paper investigated the grain yield of maize and soya bean in the intercropping, and compared with the yield of the monocrops. Comparison of the yield was carried out with the most Number indicators- Land equivalent Ratio index (LER). For individual comparisons used the standard error differences between means. Comparing with the intercropping production of monocrops production of maize and soya bean, with the index LER, the results obtained indicate that there are more intercropping production, especially in 2004. The three-year average, the increase of grain yield in the intercropping in relation to monocrops of maize and soya bean was 45% in the strip, or 49% in the alternate rows. Intra-species the intensity of competition is higher in the strip and in the pattern arrangement of the resulting lower relative grain yield, primarily due to lower maize yield.

The results obtained by the analysis of the samples of coffee mostly consumed on our market showed that the coffee quality corresponds to the values as given in the Law of Health Food. It was not found that any of the parameters which determine food quality exceeded permitted values. Content of heavy metals and aflatoxines is below permitted values. The least content of caffeine was determined in a coffee sample roasted in the private roaster’s shop, and only in it the presence of coffee surrogates/substitutes was not proved. The obtained results of the coffee analysis showed that the coffees of most popular producers are very equal, and results of caffeine analysis are even more equal. This indicates the most probable fact that coffee is of the same origin, and that later, on during production, a different mixture was made, which affects the final product and gives aroma and taste to the liquid.

It is possible to decompose starch into monosaccharides by the method of acid starch hydrolysis. By applying appropriate chemical procedure, a main solution is obtained, from which aliquots are taken after filtration to determine of the present glucose according to Luff-Shoorlu method. The analysed potatoes of cv. Desiree, grown on various sites in Serbia, have starch content that corresponds to available literature data. The highest starch content is found in potatoes from Ivanjica and Novi Pazar, i.e. from the areas where climate factors, air temperature, and land relief are favourable for potato growing. Lower starch contents are found in potatoes grown in flat areas with warmer climate and drier periods. Those are sites in PKB-Belgrade, Smederevo, Dobanovci and Mrčajevci areas, where the values obtained by experimental procedure are very similar. The lowest starch content is found in potatoes from Belegiš and Guča sites, where starch content is lower than normal from literature values, which may be explained by some special causes (climate, location, irrigation). On the basis of heavy metal contents in potato samples, it may be concluded that potatoes originating from sites famous for potato production are contaminated with Cd the content of which exceeds concentrations permitted by regulations. The presence of Cd in potato samples may also be explained by the application of phosphate fertilizers in higher (or recommended) rates. However, the soil itself should also be investigated, especially concerning the content of Cd and pH value. Thus, the influence of the soil itself should be established compared to fertilizer application in the current season. Presence of Cd in potatoes, on the other hand, is highly unfavourable because it prevents its utilization in nutrition, but also as a raw material for further processing of products based on potatoes: chips, etc. Also, Cd presence in foods is strictly controlled by EU, which prevents possible export of products based on potatoes containing Cd. Analyses of lindane and bensultap (Bancol) pesticides indicate that they are not within critical values, nor in such quantities to affect human health, so, from this aspect, the analysed potato samples from all sites are absolutely suitable for consumation.

The paper explores the issues of history, trauma, demystification, and narration present in the novels Darkness and Animal Kingdom, written by the Serbian writer David Albahari. It begins with an introduction that discusses Albahari's literary opus, with a special emphasis on its classification, narrative techniques, relation to history and other issues relevant to the topic of the paper. After that, the research methodology is introduced, along with basic information about the novels Dark and Animal Kingdom. In the central part of the paper, these novels are discussed in detail and analyzed individually and with regards to relevant parameters conditioned by the theme of the paper (history, trauma, demystification). It is performed through careful observation and analysis of the narrative text, characters and actions in both novels and provided with appropriate quotations from the novels, discussed and commented. Finally, in the concluding section of the paper, the novels are considered as a whole, with the overview of their (common) narrative characteristics and the making of final conclusive remarks.

The rhizosphere is a dynamic environment in which many parameters may influence biogenicity. The important factors determining the microbial community in the rhizosphere are plant and soil nutrient supply. The aim of this paper was to determine the abundance of basic microbiological groups in the rhizosphere of four wheat subspecies, in three fertilization treatments in the organic farming system. A field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. It was carried out on the leached chernozem soil type. There was significant variability in the abundance of the studied physiological groups of microorganisms between the wheat subspecies, as well as between the fertilization treatments. The rhizosphere of common wheat had the greatest abundance of fungi (24.37 x 103 g-1 ). The rhizosphere of compactum wheat had the largest abundance of oligonitrophilic bacteria (361.47 x 105 g-1 ) and amonificators (119.27 x 105 g-1 ). There were no significant differences in the abundance of actinomycetes between the cultivars of common, compactum and durum wheat, but their lowest number was found in the spelt wheat cultivar (11.25 x 103 g-1 ). The combined application of biofertilizer and organic fertilizer resulted in a significantly greater abundance of amonificators (56.6%), fungi (28.2%) and oligonitrophiles (14.6%) than in the control treatment. The results show that the crop variety and application of appropriate fertilizer formulations can influence the abundance of the studied groups of microorganisms. This is particularly the case in organic farming, which relies completely on natural resources and processes.

International relations, as perceived at multilateral and bilateral levels, take place within an amplitude the poles of which are cooperation and conflict. For various reasons, restrictive measures may be, and have been, imposed by some countries to other countries, as well as by official bodies of the international community to some countries. In its international policy, the Republic of Serbia has mainly complied with the implementation of restrictive measures introduced by the United Nations or the OSCE. On its road to the EU, the Republic of Serbia will have an opportunity to test its legal framework also by adopting the Law on Restrictive Measures, which need to be harmonized with the EU legal system. The paper also offers a draft of such a law.

Kunitz trypsin inhibitor is major antinutritive factor in soybean seed that decrease its nutritional value. Breeding programs aimed to select soybean variety without Kunitz trypsin inhibitor are of great importance as that varieties can be used directly for monogastric animal feeding. By specific markers analysis is possible to detect genotypes without KTI. Ninety sixth soybean genotypes from Soybean collection of Maize Research Institute are analyzed by two markers Satt228 and Satt409. 89 genotypes with both markers had characteristic alleles for genotypes with KTI, and three genotypes Kunitz, Laura and Lana have characteristics bands, with Satt228 alel 2 as with Satt409 band about 170kDa, for genotypes with titi recesive allele. Four genotypes which had both alleles with marker Satt228 with Satt 409 had only allele characteristic for TiTi genotype. Obtained results confirmed that both markers could be used for identification and selection genotypes without Kunitz trypsin inhibitor.

Introduction: The role of the damaged function of the brain and brain stem of vascular origin is very important in human pathology, especially today when these lesions are frequent, and prevention and elimination of consequences are complex. In practice vertebrobasilar insufficiency is a very important diagnostic problem. The aim of the paper is to point to the most frequent symptoms of vertebrobasilar dysfunction and to evaluate some diagnostic (electrophysiologic and neuroradiologic) procedures for the detection of a lesion., Patients and Methods: The examination concerned the patients with symptoms and signs of the damaged vertebrobasilar torcular, hospitalized at the Department of Urgent Neurologu of the Clinical Centre of Serbia in Belgrade, from January 1 to December 31, 1990. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the clinical picture and electrophysiologic and neuroradiologic findings. On the basis of these findings the patients were divide in groups 1-5. According to the duration of symptoms and signs of the disease the following damages were observed: transitory ischaemic attack, reversible ischaemic neurologic dificiency and total ischaemic cerebral stroke., Results: Fifty patients (36 men and 14 women), aged from 18 to 74 years, were examined. According to the localization of the lesion 20 patients belonged to group 2 (vascular area of a cerebelli inferior anterior). Definite infarct lesion was diagnosed in 32 patients (Table 1). The results of electrophysiologic examinations (auditive evoked potentials, somatosensorial evoked potentials, blink reflex, electroencephalographic screenint) were positive in 27-50% of examined patients (Tables 2, 3). The results of neuroradiologic examinations (vertebral angiography-19 patients and computed tomography-40 patients) were statistically significant in comparison to electrophysiologic results., Discussion: In everyday practice the diagnosis of vertebrobasilar dysfunctions, and especially of transitory attacks of vertebrobasilar insufficiency, may be an important problem because of a large number of symptoms and signs with frequent alterations. The symptoms of this torcular are diverse and they reflect many structures in a limited area which, if minimaly damaged, cause important neurologic deficiency. Instead of a conclusion, we wish to emphasize that, in addition to the clinical picture, the use of different electrophysiologic methods in the diagnosis of vertebrobasilar failure is needed, as with these methods the preservation of function of different nuclei and ways, can be secured. A far as the neuroradiologic methods are concerned, computed tomography of the head must be obligatory when cerebellar or supratentorial elsions of vertebrobasifar torcular are suspected, or when the aetiology of the disease is not clear. Vertebral angiography should only be carried out when all non-invasive methods are exhausted.

Patulous eustachian tube is a pathological condition which exists more often than we make a diagnosis, and a patient is not often aware of his disease. This disease can be manifested with various symptoms: respiratory synchrony noises in the ear, because of the penetration of the air current through the eustachian tube and with the movement of the eardrum outwards and inside, with autophony, reduction of the hearing, the buzzing, dizziness and disturbance of the balance. Two patients are presented. The first one was sick for many years from various chronics exhausted diseases: Jackson's epilepsy, temporary vascular brain disturbances, tuberculosis of lung, stomach ulcer, heart diseases, the patient is from low class, on one side, and also suffers from some local diseases: a paralysis of soft palate and palatal arcs, a chronic catarrhal rhinitis and sinusitis, a deviation of nasal dividing wall and hindered breathing through the nose, on the other side. Many years the patient didn't know for patological condition in the ears and in the eustachian tubes. After improving the hygienic conditions, the physical condition and local therapy, the patient felt much better. The second patient, with considerable shorter evolution of the disease and mild symptomatology, showed the amplified symptoms of the disease of the Eustachian tube in the course of the acute otitis. It is attained a satisfying calming of the manifestative symptoms by remedy therapie. Man must thing about possibility of the appearance of this pathology condition in various disease or conditions, which can take to the fast lost of the weight and physical and moral exhaustion of the patient, i.e. an adult, first as the protection of the appearance of the disease (condition) and afterwards, eventually early and regulary treatment in order to prevent various possible, above mentioned complications.

Ataxia, loss of muscle coordination during complex movement, is the most important sign of cerebellar lesion. Acute cerebellar attack of ischaemic and/or haemorrhagic nature is a focal disorder of cerebellar function which occurs rarely considering the prominent collateral net of blood vessels conveying blood to the cerebellum and the brain stem. We examined 12 patients with acute cerebellar attack (9 with ischaemic and 3 with haemorrhagic attack) of 300 patients with symptoms and signs of acute cerebrovascular attacks. We used all available diagnostic methods (EEG, neuro-ophthalmological examination, computed tomography as well as brain scintigraphy and angiography) in the management of these patients.

In spite of the fact that ultrasound is an accessory diagnostic measure in gynaecology, added to clinical examination, it can help in a more accurate diagnosis and better preparation for surgery. The comparison of data obtained by ultrasonic and macroscopic measurements of uterine leiomyoma in 130 patients did not reveal a statistically significant difference between the two methods. The mean size of all measured leiomyomas was 61.47 mm in longitudinal diameter, 53.00 mm in anteroposterior and 53.95 mm in transversal. Measured by ultrasound the mean dimensions of the same diameters were 62.29 mm, 56.91 mm and 55.11 mm respectively. Differences in the mean values of all measured diameters obtained in some cases can be explained by subjective elements in the use of ultrasound, the examiners experience and postoperative reduction of the removed organ volume, as well as by technical factors which may influence the ultrasonic image. Thus, the accuracy of ultrasonic measurement completes the knowledge about the size of the pelvic mass; it is helpful in preparation for surgery, and decreases the possibility of unexpected situations during the surgery.

Headache is one of the commonest symptoms in neurology. It can be present among many other somatic illnesses. There are many aetiological factors. Pathogenetic mechanisms are unknown. There is a significant number of patients with headache, especially with vascular headache, (about 15%), and vascular headache associated with cerebrovascular ischaemic stroke. Therefore the new investigations of neurobiochemical and neurophysiological problems are necessary. A group of patients involved in our study with diagnosis of vascular headache was tested. The result of the study (especially neuroradiological results) show that many patients, prevalently young women, had cerebral oedema during the attack of vascular headache.