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Any trader’s behavior that is inherently disturbing, involves coercion (even physical), or undue influence, violating the consumer’s freedom of choice, leading him to make an economic decision he would not make – is considered aggressive business practice. Prior to the adoption of the European Directive on Unfair Business Practices in 2005, legal particularism prevailed in this area, and concluding contracts with the behavior of a trader which can be considered aggressive, fell almost exclusively under the provisions of civil law. After the adoption of the already mentioned Directive, there is a so-called maximum harmonization, which results in the direct transposition of its provisions into the positive legal regulations of the member states and candidate countries for EU membership. The Serbian legislator acted in this way in all laws on consumer protection from 2010 until today. In this paper, an analysis of the European normative framework is performed, as well as a comparative legal analysis of several legal systems, and a case law in their framework, too. Special emphasis was placed on Serbian law. In writing the article, the author was motivated by the fact that there are almost no articles on this specific topic in domestic legal doctrine, as well by the need to provide answers to some questions that consistently arise from almost a list of unanimous provisions on aggressive business practice in European law. Some of these doubts relate to the dilemma of whether the ban on aggressive business practices extends to so-called “business-to-business” relations, which is not common for the Directive, which protects, above all, consumers who are not professionally engaged in business, and does not have the experience of a trader, nor is he expected to have the standard of care expected of a person selling a product or providing a service. Then, the question arises whether the provisions on the prohibition of aggressive behavior in commercial relations protect the economic interests of conscientious companies that comply with regulations in relation to competitors who do not respect them, or is the exclusive object of protection – the consumer.Some dilemmas relate to the question of whether the prohibition of aggressive business practices towards consumers also applies to public entities whose activities include the sale or provision of services, ie to entities founded by the state, as well as to the doubt as to whether there is a measure of harassment that is considered „common“, given good business practices? It is inevitable, also, to rise a question about the fact that there is very small number of Serbian court decisions in this area – is the reason that in our country the level of consumer protection is raised to such a high level that there is no need to resort to protection mechanisms defined by law and the Law on Obligations, or is it something else? These are just some of the questions I have tried to answer in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A dynamic business environment and intense competition require companies to create numerous incentives for consumers to keep them loyal. Various incentives are available to marketing managers. Their combination depends on the company's goals on the one hand and consumer characteristics on the other. Loyalty programs have traditionally been based on financial incentives aimed at the average consumer. The means on which modern loyalty programs are based are more diverse and complex, and are often based on information technology. They are focused on personalization, that is, the creation of incentives for the individual consumer and the dominant provision of hedonic and symbolic values. The goal of such programs is consumer loyalty to the company/brand, not to the program itself. Starting from the differences between traditional and modern consumer loyalty programs, the author's intention in the paper is to investigate the impact of both programs on consumer loyalty. The impact of traditional programs on consumer loyalty was investigated through financial benefits, flexibility and program reliability, and the impact of modern loyalty programs through personalization, social benefits and gamification. Additionally, the paper analyzed the moderating role of gender and age as consumer demographic characteristics on the degree of loyalty to the program itself and loyalty to the company/brand. Identified relationships between the investigated variables enabled a comparison with the results of existing research and the formulation of recommendations necessary for managing consumer loyalty.

To market products with geographical indications in the best possible way, it is necessary to examine the attitudes and habits of consumers. The subject of this paper is a survey on habits and attitudes of consumers about products with GI in Serbia. The aim of this paper is to examine the level of familiarity, attitudes, and habits of consumers, as well as to determine the knowledge and interest in these products. Citizens of Serbia participated in the research (n = 399). The methodology is based on a questionnaire that obtained the data that were processed via t-test statistical methods for independent samples, one-factor analysis of variance, the χ² test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Based on the conducted research, it can be stated that about 70% of respondents are willing to pay a higher price for these products.

The dynamic development of e-commerce is driven by the rapid expansion of Internet access and the increasing use of portable devices, such as smartphones, tablets, etc. Ecommerce dominates the B2C market, where products are ordered by individual customers and sold by a company. One-time purchases are often made, loyalty is relatively low, while customer expectations are constantly growing. The research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the impact of logistical value and the moderating effect of digital literacy on consumer satisfaction in the digital environment in the Republic of Serbia. The paper presents 6 hypotheses. Observing the importance of relations between all constructs, it was found that logistics value with an emphasis on delivery monitoring and convenient place of delivery is important when it comes to customer satisfaction in the digital environment. Moderating the effects of digital literacy on customer satisfaction in the digital environment have not been confirmed. At the very end of the paper, implications for the economy are given, as well as recommendations for further research.

This paper analyzes some issues related to the one-year Statute of limitations for claims, from the beginning of this period and throughout its course, in the context of obligation (contract) law and consumer law relations. The focus is on reconsidering whether the length of the special one-year Statute of limitations should be changed. The author examines whether there is room for refining, specifying and amending the provisions of the Obligation Relations Act, especially pertaining to the beginning of this period, given that the legal provisions on the one-year Statute of limitations in this Act do not contain special rules on this issue. The discussion is further complicated by the fact that in the Republika Srpska, the Consumer Protection Act contains a provision on a one-year Statute of limitations for claims on services of general economic interest. Is the circle of claims or the rule concerning the beginning of this Statute of limitations different from the one prescribed in the Obligations Relations Act? The paper aims to find answers to these questions by using scientific research methods in the analysis of legislation, legal theory and case law, as well as the questionnaire techniques in the empirical research which is of both theoretical and practical importance.

The Osijek-Baranya County at the East part of Croatia, generally is known as lowland region in whose economy agriculture and food industry are of great importance. Eastern Croatia abounds in various traditional products, mainly based on smoked pork. The goal of this paper is to identify consumers' attitudes and behavior towards East Croatia traditional food products (TFP). Furthermore, the model for market power evaluation of each East Croatia TFP is created according to consumers¨ preferences and attitudes results. The research was performed in Osijek-Baranya County in spring 2019. The sample was consisted of 500 randomly chosen respondents older than 18 via self-fulfilled questionnaire survey. In paper is used descriptive, parametric and non-parametric statistics. People in East Croatia have a positive attitude to TFP of their region. Survey results related to supply, quality, demand and price willingness are used to modelling coefficient for East Croatia TFP commercialization. This coefficient can help producers and policy makers to decide easier about the most perspective production from market point of view. According to the survey results, production of kulen, cottage cheese, ham, honey and sausages are the most promising.

This paper analyzes the special type of software license agreements - open-source license, as a relatively new instrument of the legal trade of copyrighted software. The importance of this agreement is reflected in its increasing existence on the software market, announces that a new era in the exploitation of copyright works in general. Namely, in the modern information society, information is presented to further pivot of civilization progress. Because they are, under certain conditions, objects of legal protection, restrictive capabilities of using them, especially when it comes to software as a copyright work, may affect, in negative sense, the further social development. Therefore, in a software developed countries business practice created new instruments of software usage, which seeks to satisfy the interests of the copyright holder's rights and interests of consumers. This paper aims to make closer this agreement to the local legal theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to describe the characteristics of functional products based on cereals and their consumption in the market and tourism, in order to achieve the correlation between food, nutrition and health. All this serves the purpose of building the concept of functional food. This paper presents various technological processes utilized to obtain functional products based on cereals, such as pasta, bread and corn flakes enriched with nutrients (unsaturated fatty acids, mineral elements), probiotics and antioxidants. This paper presents the characteristics of new cereal functional products and different ways to list ingredients. Special emphasis is put on customer reception in the market as a key factor for the successful positioning of a new product.

The paper analyses behaviour of Generation Z (GenZ) in the region of Balkans (Serbia, Croatia and Republika Srpska). It presents the survey that was conducted among young people of age between 12 and 25, during December 2019 and January 2020. Total of 523 persons participated: 309 respondents from Serbia, 102 from Croatia and 112 from Republika Srpska. The analyzed topics were: Generation Z and communication, the role of Internet in life of Generation Z, attitudes of GenZ towards shopping and consumption habits. Besides many similarities of the results between global surveys and this one aiming region of Balkans, some specifics of the region were found and analyzed. The aim of the paper was to present insights that can help researcher (preferably in the field of marketing) to better understand the behavior of GenZ. The conclusion provides an analysis-comparison of similarities and differences of Generation Z in the Balkans comparing to global experiences.

The aim of the paper was to analyze the potential of using intelligent food packaging in the market of AP Vojvodina. In the theoretical part of the paper, the basic properties of intelligent packaging and its importance in the process of packaging food products are presented. Particularly, the communication of intelligent packaging and packaged product with final consumers through the use of various sensors, data carrier devices and indicators is emphasized. On the basis of theoretical analysis, external limitations and advantages of using intelligent food packaging for final consumers and participants of the food supply chain are defined. In the empirical part of the paper, research was conducted on two stratified samples. The first stratum included 117 final consumers who were questioned about the importance of intelligent packaging for their habits, decisions and expectations in the food purchasing process. In the second stratum, consisting of participants in the food supply chain, on a sample of 51 companies, the external factors of limitation and expected benefits from the application of intelligent food packaging in the AP Vojvodina market were analyzed. The results of the study showed that the habits and expectations of final consumers are statistically significant in relation to the use of intelligent packaging in the food purchasing process. On the other hand, external limitations and expected advantages for food supply chain participants have a significant impact on the implementation of intelligent technology in food packaging. Based on the results obtained, a set of measures and incentives have been defined which the competent institutions and supply chain management have to take in order to benefit from the potential of intelligent food packaging. Suggestions for future research are outlined in the paper.

When making purchase decisions, consumers rely more on their emotions than on their minds. The senses allow people to connect with the world around them, but also to fully experience brands and to make consumers emotionally connected to them. The field of marketing, which deals with the study and use of human senses in branding, is known in the literature as sensory marketing. Today, it is necessary to offer consumers a full experience through brands through all five human senses. Only in this way companies can compete with their competitors in the market and accurately respond to the needs and desires of consumers. This paper explores the effects of sensory marketing methods on consumers. Sensory marketing research to date provides very optimistic results. However, the conclusion is that, despite the great benefits these methods can provide to marketers, it is necessary to continue research to make these methods more efficient and accurate. For this reason, the main aim of this paper is to draw the attention of marketers to the possibilities of these methods to create an emotional connection between consumers and brands, to explore their impact and to point out the advantages of these methods over traditional marketing methods. The subject of the research is to identify and examine the effects that sensory marketing can have on consumer behavior towards brands. The research methods used in this paper are qualitative and quantitative content analysis.

The synergy between computer programs and contract law has generated considerable attention among legal scholars. Smart contracts were first theoretically described in 1996 but they came to life in 2009, with the development of cryptocurrencies. Relying on the papers published in the European Journal of Private Law, the author presents the problems and dilemmas arising from contract digitalization. Irrespective of whether smart contracts are perceived as a revolutionary change in contract law or just as a new mode of concluding and executing a contract, the automatic performance of a contractual obligation and the immutability of smart contracts profoundly affect the existing contractual practices. Traditional concepts such as contract formation, interpretation and inability to perform have acquired new meanings and functions. Online protection of contracting parties, consumers and the public order requires a regulatory reform but it is also essential to adapt technology to the intrinsic nature of legal transactions in order to meet juristic requirements. A smart contract is comparable to a vending machine: it is immutable and blockchain-based. The paper focuses on the most important types of smart contracts, their characteristics and application. Smart contracts lack artificial intelligence and their legal effects have been challenged. However, smart contracts have a great potential in terms of facilitating legal transactions and reducing the risk of contractual breach.

This paper aims to analyze the importance of paid advertising on social networks in the territory of Nišava and Pčinja districts. For this reason, a survey was conducted, which included 294 respondents. Data were processed in the SPPS software package, using tests of independence, contingency, one-factor analysis of variance, and post-hoc tests. The results showed that the majority of respondents from the south of Serbia ignore paid ads on social networks. Also, the study led us to the conclusion that paid advertising affects men and women equally, but also that it has the greatest impact on the population over 50 years old, while it has the least impact on respondents up to 30 years old, as well as that there is a strong connection between the level of education and clicks on paid ads. The results showed that respondents who do not open ads do not do so because they do not notice them, but also that highly educated people open ads for informative reasons and to get to know the advertised business.

Copyright of Marketing (0354-3471) is the property of SEMA - Srpsko udruzenje za Marketing i Ekonomski fakultet Beograd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of InfoM is the property of Belgrade University, Faculty of Organizational Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Complex research in the field of print and electronic media and relations preference towards them has been non-existent in Serbia, so the paper aims to provide initial guidance in this regard. An instrument (questionnaire) was formulated for the purposes of this study and used for measuring respondents' assessment of strengths and weaknesses of the print or electronic media. The research was conducted at the national level in Serbia, with a large number of respondents (432), using a number of different variables on the Likert scale. Respondents evaluated a total of ten items pertaining to different aspects of the advantages and disadvantages of print and electronic editions. The results can be of great importance to the media and other participants in the advertising industry-advertising agencies and advertisers. The scientific contribution of this paper is shown in the initial data the researchers gained in the fields of the media, marketing and advertising, regarding the perception of the print and electronic newspapers and magazines editions in Serbia.

Based on the proven influence of corporate reputation on the business performance and market value of the company, primarily through positive impact on the attitudes and behavior of consumers and key stakeholders, the attention of scientists and practitioners dedicated to the modeling and measurement of corporate reputation increased. Scientists have not yet reached a consensus about the theoretical framework for managing and measuring reputation. The main point of differences in approaches are constituents of reputation - what reputation comprises and what are the antecedents and consequences of reputation. The paper contains an overview of the contemporary theoretical models of reputation, systematized in three main conceptual approaches: concept based on social expectations, concept based on 'corporate personality' and concept based on trust. Cultural or geographical determination of the model has a significant impact on the type and importance of the elements comprising the construct of reputation. The scientific discussion about the validity of the application of the same model for measuring reputation in various countries and cultural environments resulted in the necessity of adaptation of the model in order to be valid and comparable. Therefore, the paper presents a model for measurement of corporate reputation in Serbia, which contains six basic dimensions associated with 23 attributes identified by empirical research.

The issue of service quality is one of the essential areas of marketing theory and practice, as high quality can lead to customer satisfaction and loyalty, i.e. successful business results. It is vital for any company, especially in services sector, to understand and grasp the consumers' expectations and perceptions pertaining to the broad range of factors affecting consumers' evaluation of services, their satisfaction and loyalty. Hospitality is a service sector where the significance of these elements grows exponentially. The aim of this study is to identify the significance of individual quality components in hospitality industry. The questionnaire used for gathering data comprised 19 tangible and 14 intangible attributes of service quality, which the respondents rated on a five-degree scale. The analysis also identified the factorial structure of the tangible and intangible elements of hotel service. The paper aims to contribute to the existing literature by pointing to the significance of tangible and intangible components of service quality. A very small number of studies conducted in hospitality and hotel management identify the sub-factors within these two dimensions of service quality. The paper also provides useful managerial implications. The obtained results help managers in hospitality to establish the service offers that consumers find the most important when choosing a given hotel.

The overview of previous research results points out to the fact that the majority of the sources related to the organic food marketing belong to the literature based on the research of consumers, with the lack of extensive research of organic food producers. Thus, the results obtained by the quantitative research of organic food producers on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, are presented in this paper. The main marketing mix instruments (4P) are in the focus of analysis, as the most beneficial way of determining the success of marketing activities of the organic food producers in Serbia. In order to get a comprehensive idea of the success of the market activity of the producers, the obtained results are explained in regard to the theoretical knowledge of consumer behavior, acquired by an extensive overview of the relevant literature. The research results are significant, both for the producers of organic food, as well as for traders, because they indicate the key elements to improve the placement of organic food products originating in Serbia. As an important contribution of the paper to the topic, recommendations for the development of an appropriate marketing strategy are given in the conclusion.

The aim of this paper is to examine and analyze the perceptions of wine consumers regarding the use of digital wine lists in restaurants. The empirical research was conducted using a specially designed questionnaire, which was completed by 406 respondents from 2020 to 2021. The data analysis applied descriptive statistics, KolmogorovSmirnov test, Levene’s test, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test. The results showed that restaurants with digital wine lists are preferred by consumers who are at the young age group (between the ages of 18 and 35), have no prior knowledge about wine, and visit restaurants frequently (a few times per month). These respondents are willing to recommend digitally oriented restaurants and their services to others. The results and conclusions presented in this research could serve as a foundation for decision-makers and managers in restaurants to consider the introduction of digital wine lists and to improve their restaurant’s attractiveness.

While choosing the store, customer first notices the store window and it plays an important role in retailing strategy. Store's window is what customers see first in meeting with the store. Store window design can lead customer to enter the store, and can give a lot of information about store brands and products. Besides the analysis of the way how specific elements of the window design affect customers and their perception, the explanation of their attraction and rejection to customers is given. If we consider the importance of the topics, we can point out the lack of literature about store windows as the communication tool which allow store to communicate with its customers and to create its retailing strategy as well. There is the scientific contribution of this paper. The paper gives theoretical comprehensions completed with the results of the study about the importance of store windows for retailers as well as for customers. Therefore, for the purpose of this paper, a two-phase research study, including a qualitative and a quantitative approach, was used: 1) the qualitative study among retailers which indicated the most important elements of store windows, the level of financial sources invested in the window design, the basis for the decisions about store window design, etc.; 2) the quantitative study on the sample of consumers conducted with on-line questionnaire. Findings suggest that store window attractiveness is the main motif for store visits. The results of the research confirm that by means of store window and its elements (with special emphasis on price and pricing actions) retail store sends messages to its consumers.

The development of International Financial Reporting Standards causes new challenges for accounting as a profession. One of those challenges reefers to business combinations treatment in accounting and the related possibility of recognizing intangible assets detached from goodwill. As it usually represents internally generated intangible assets to which the recognition principle cannot be applied according to IAS 38, the author focuses on conditions under which it can be recognized in financial reports of the acquisitor in business combination, according to IFRS 3. Apart from that, the significant attention is dedicated to the methods for determining the fair value of recognizable intangible assets. As the application of market-based methods, the focus in this paper is on income-based methods and their applicability for consumer-related intangible assets valuation. Limitations in using methods for intangible assets valuation both in stable and crisis conditions are presented at the end of this paper.

The users of financial services generally do not have the required expertise that they need to process the available financial information when they make financial and investment decisions, and as such they represent a sensitive category of financial market participants, which may intentionally or unintentionally be exposed to manipulation. If the beneficiaries do not have relevant and accurate information, the relationship between the provider and the service user is characterized with information asymmetry, and because of these reasons adequate regulatory instruments are necessary in order to protect the interests of financial services users. In the financial services sector, the development of a long-term successful relationship between providers and users of services should be based on mutual trust and users' feel that they have received a value for the price paid. The aim of the paper is to highlight the modern ways of improving the protection of the interests of consumers of financial services provided by insurance companies and investment funds. The paper analyses the reasons for protection of consumers of financial services, specifics of insurance as financial service, the importance of trust as a key factor for the attraction of service users and the basic principles of operation of investment funds in the developed and the domestic financial market are compared. The particular attention is given to insurance companies and investment funds in terms of regulatory and other mechanisms of governments that are related to the protection of insureds and investment funds investors.

The study presented in this paper makes a constituent part of another study dedicated to the development of food consumer science in the Western Balkans. The paper presents a part of the most relevant findings that the authors have obtained and analyzed from thirty in-depth interviews conducted with fruit consumers in Serbia. Main motives and barriers for consumption of fruit among urban and rural as well as male and female respondents are explored and elaborated. Additionally, existence of particular stereotypes of fruit consumers and non-consumers revealed through implemented projective technique is also discussed in this paper. The findings presented support general theoretical knowledge obtained from various food consumer studies previously conducted in more developed economies.

Marketplace sales in trade dates back to the Middle Ages. The meaningfulness and development of communication gained real meaning with the development of the marketplaces. Today, personal selling is part of the distribution of agricultural products and part of modern marketing. With the development of the global market and modern information technologies, the role of marketplace sales has taken on another dimension. The aim of this paper is to define the model of efficient sales on the market through direct marketing, sales promotion and living words. The results of theoretical research are based on scientific and professional literature, statistical data and tables, authors' experience, whereas field empirical research was conducted using a questionnaire. The results of empirical research show that the average desire for changes in the behaviour of sellers in sales and consumers in shopping is not present enough. From the conducted research, it can be concluded that in certain previously mentioned aspects of changes in behaviour, marketing communication can be established that will contribute to increasing consumer satisfaction and information.

In conditions of dynamic changes, companies try to preserve their position in various ways and thus ensure their survival on the market. One of the possibilities available to them is quality application of the concept of social responsibility. It can be said that in modern business conditions, trade has a very important role in functioning of any economy because, among other things, it can adequately bridge the discrepancy between greater supply of goods and lack of payment demand. However, regardless of that, one should not ignore the fact that today trade companies are also expected to monitor and adapt to socially responsible requirements. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of social responsibility as well as certain aspects of socially responsible business in trade companies with reference to the largest retail chain in the world. Walmart, as the largest American company engaged in retail sale of goods in the domestic and international markets, has a very developed sense of society and the environment. Management of this company is aware of the fact that economic development can be achieved only if it goes hand in hand with development of the social community.

Due to more and more stringent environmental regulations, the automotive industry is increasingly turning to the production of electric cars. The rate of their introduction onto the market will be influenced by the opinion of potential buyers. In our research, consumers' views on electric cars in Slovenia, which influence the purchase probability of their buyers' decisions, were investigated. A quantitative research method and an online survey were used. The analysis of the obtained results established the understanding of electric cars among potential consumers and what expectations they have of them, assessed the importance of various features of such cars and determined which ones are more or less important to consumers when buying something. The paper studied how long consumers plan to make a purchase and determined their views on the overall environmental impact of electric cars compared to conventional fossil fuel cars.

This paper analyses the possibility of an analogous application of Art. 378 of the Law of Contract and Torts (LCT) to other similar (identical) claims. The aim of the research is to try to answer the central question of whether it is necessary to update the provisions of the LCT regarding the one-year Statute of limitations in accordance with modern trends in terms of the scope of claims that should become Statute-barred within this period. In order to answer this question, scientific research methods, that is, techniques are used, such as the dogmatic-normative, historical-legal, and comparative-legal one, content analysis and a questionnaire. This apparatus is used within the study of legislation, case law and legal literature, as well as in empirical research. Knowing the scope of claims that become Statute-barred in a year is not only important for theoretical analysis, but is also of practical importance for court actions , as well as for consumers.

Copyright of Sui generis is the property of Council of Ministers - Directorate for European Integration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper prepared in the form of a book review is a review of the book written by Anna Zeide, assistant professor of Professional Practice at Oklahoma State University, entitled: Canned: The Rise and Fall of Consumer Confidence in the American Food Industry, published in 2018. The book is a part of the California Studies in Food and Culture Series of the publisher University of California Press, and is the winner of the James Beard Award for Reference, History & Scholarship for the year 2019, which is delivered by the James Beard Foundation, which has been promoting the food industry in the United States of America for already 30 years now, through scientific-research work, the development of the industry itself, the development of female leadership and leadership in general, as well as through other programs (James Beard Foundation, 2019).

Integrating CSR principles into business activities is one of the biggest challenges of companies. Last decades, a critical attitude of the public has been expressed towards companies and their activities and concerns about natural imbalance and consequently on social problems are growing. In such conditions, the concern and awarness of consumers about the impact they can have on their environment and society as a whole, grows. Increasing the environmental awarness of the public over time, has led to the profiling of a new segment of consumers with significantly changed motives and expectations in pruchasing and consumption. It is about environmentally responsible consumers who make up a segment with distinct characteristics. The growth of such a market segment has led to a change in the company's business models. New business models are characterized by an increasing adoption of marketing principles and their incorporation into business activities. Part of such changes and trends is leading to the so-called green marketing that companies are using as a possible marketing strategy. Companies led by the concept of green marketing are characterized by the adoption of new criteria in generating inovation and positioning in the value chain. The effects of such a strategy are possible if there is cooperation of partners in the value chain who have a sense of responsibility towards the environment. In this paper, the author's intention is to identify, based on the empirical research conducted, the motives and limitations of consumers in the Republic of Serbia which trigger them or prevent them from purchasing green products. Also, the goal is to determine whether environmental concerns affect the purchase of products that are marketed as healthy. Such information will make it possible to look at the potential discrepancy between preferences and consumer behavior in the domestic market and to define the implications for developing the marketing strategy of companies in the Republic of Serbia.

The purpose of the paper is to determine the differences between demographic characteristics of consumers in relation to discouraging and motivating factors of consuming organic food products in Serbia. An empirical research was conducted in Serbia on a sample of 833 respondents, using e-questionnaire. T-test for independent samples was used. The results indicate that in relation to discouraging factors for consumption of organic food products there are differences in the demographic characteristics of consumers, exception is age. Also, in relation to motivation factors, differences exist in majority of consumers' demographic characteristics, except the level of education and place of residence. Practical application of the results enables adequately managed consumption of organic food products which directly affects the reduction of ecological, social, health and economic problems. On the other side, the theoretical application of the results enables the creation of a consumers' profile for organic food products.

This paper had a goal to explore the relationship between autochthonous wine attributes and wine consumption motives. Data were collected through a questionnaire, processed by standard statistical methods, univariate (general description of the sample), and multivariate statistics (factor analysis, cluster analysis and logistic regression). Through factor analysis five main dimensions of wine consumption motives were determined, namely social status, socializing effects, health, self indulgence and relaxation. For autohchthonous wine (Malvazija Istarska) three factor dimensions of wine attributes were determined: reccomendations, quality and origin. Through cluster analysis, wine consumption motives showed significant relations to the wine attributes, whereas selfexpression, and health and taste stood out as the most important dimensions between high and low wine attribute importance segments.

The objective of research presented in the paper is to determine the basic parameters affecting the purchase, supply and consumption of fish in the market of the city of Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The survey was conducted on a random sample of 100 respondents. The data were analyzed by univariante (frequency and distribution) and two-variant statistical methods and cross-tabulation. The conclusions are that for the purchase of fish, freshness is a primary factor, which is to be expected given the type of product as well as the origin, and price and type of fish. Out of all respondents, 41% said they were not informed enough about the fish as a food, while the remaining 59% said they got information through different media channels. It was found that consumers are generally informed about the importance of fish as a foodstuff through secondary promotion channels, i.e. 'word of mouth'. Consumers in Banja Luka prefer fresh fish, and the most consumed is freshwater fish. As a place of buying fish, both hypermarket and fish shops are equally represented. Factors of purchase may have a major role in creating consumer attitude towards fish and therefore, producers and sellers of fish are recommended too take into account the results of this and similar studies, in order to segment their markets and develop better marketing tools/strategies and thus make better approach of fish consumers to defined market segments.

The paper prepared in the form of a book review is a review of the book written by Anna Zeide, assistant professor of Professional Practice at Oklahoma State University, entitled: Canned: The Rise and Fall of Consumer Confidence in the American Food Industry, published in 2018. The book is a part of the California Studies in Food and Culture Series of the publisher University of California Press, and is the winner of the James Beard Award for Reference, History & Scholarship for the year 2019, which is delivered by the James Beard Foundation, which has been promoting the food industry in the United States of America for already 30 years now, through scientific-research work, the development of the industry itself, the development of female leadership and leadership in general, as well as through other programs (James Beard Foundation, 2019).

This paper had a goal to explore the relationship between autochthonous wine attributes and wine consumption motives. Data were collected through a questionnaire, processed by standard statistical methods, univariate (general description of the sample), and multivariate statistics (factor analysis, cluster analysis and logistic regression). Through factor analysis five main dimensions of wine consumption motives were determined, namely social status, socializing effects, health, self indulgence and relaxation. For autohchthonous wine (Malvazija Istarska) three factor dimensions of wine attributes were determined: reccomendations, quality and origin. Through cluster analysis, wine consumption motives showed significant relations to the wine attributes, whereas self-expression, and health and taste stood out as the most important dimensions between high and low wine attribute importance segments

The purpose of the paper is to determine the differences between demographic characteristics of consumers in relation to discouraging and motivating factors of consuming organic food products in Serbia. An empirical research was conducted in Serbia on a sample of 833 respondents, using e-questionnaire. T-test for independent samples was used. The results indicate that in relation to discouraging factors for consumption of organic food products there are differences in the demographic characteristics of consumers, exception is age. Also, in relation to motivation factors, differences exist in majority of consumers demographic characteristics, except the level of education and place of residence. Practical application of the results enables adequately managed consumption of organic food products which directly affects the reduction of ecological, social, health and economic problems. On the other side, the theoretical application of the results enables the creation of a consumers profile for organic food products.

In developed countries, the demand for organic food has seen a significant increase in the past decade. However, the organic food market in Serbia is still in its infancy and can be considered an emerging market. By gaining an understanding of consumer behavior on the Serbian market, it is possible to provide a greater consumption of organic food per capita through an appropriate marketing approach, as well as quicker development of the national market. This paper will outline some of the most significant findings obtained from a quantitative study of the population of Serbia in the role of buyers and potential buyers of organic food. How much knowledge respondents have about organic food was also studied and presented here, as was the socio-demographic profile of the consumers as an important determinant of organic food consumption. In addition, we also analyzed consumer behavior when buying organic food from the standpoint of basic instruments of the marketing mix: the product, the price, marketing communication (promotion) and marketing channels (place). The obtained results were explained in relation to the theoretical knowledge obtained from previous studies carried out on various national markets. Based on these findings, a solid foundation for the development of effective marketing strategies was obtained.

Retail is a service activity, and services are something that makes the retail companies differ from production companies. Retailers are trying to differentiate the 'package' offer, build customer loyalty and make their position through the provision of high service quality. In addition, the services provided can be varied, such as exterior and interior design of retail stores, preparation of goods for sale, appearance and behavior of sales personnel, culture of communication with customers, and services provided after the sales process. Consumers require the service quality when making purchasing decision. For retail companies and retail stores it is important to continuously monitor the level of service quality. In order to measure the service quality, the method that found its application in the theory and practice is SERVQUAL. This model was created as a combination of theoretical and practical research and it looks at the quality of service as the content of the following dimensions: tangibles, reliability, sensitivity, security and empathy. As such, it is a function of the difference between perceptions and expectations (Q = P-E) and is widely accepted to measure the service quality in traditional retail stores, public sector, higher education, real estate, hospitals, courts and so on. In addition, this model is widely used to measure service quality in e-retailing, e-banking, e-selling of travel packages and other services provided by electronic means. The main assumption is that services are a key factor in making purchasing decision. The aim of this paper is to, through theoretical and practical research with special emphasis on SERVQUAL method, test the initial hypothesis and recognize the level of service quality in retail chains in Southeast Serbia.

Customer satisfaction is important in business management as a basis for long-term profitability of a single line of products and services and the company as a whole. Customer satisfaction in modern market conditions is characterized by a large number of alternatives that can satisfy the same need or desire of consumers, and are a prerequisite for the retention, loyalty, and positive verbal communication between companies and vendors on one hand and consumers on the other. Companies are investing more and more investment and management efforts in improving customer satisfaction. Improving customer satisfaction and its measurement involves the taking of appropriate marketing strategies and tactics, as well as corrective measures. This paper presents the well-known attempts to measure customers' satisfaction at the macro and micro level of marketing analysis. The index of consumer satisfaction is an important indicator of achieved quality and market performance of companies and can be measured on a micro and macro level. National customer satisfaction indexes are useful framework for analyzing the competitiveness of national economies, industries and individual companies and are used for a variety of other aspects of observation and analysis. Standardization of consumer satisfaction indexes in different countries allows comparability of the data, giving a new quality of analysis in the era of globalization and internationalization of business.

This paper gives the basic characteristics of a retail process as a function of the development of a successful brand. The retail network is continuously progressing, developing its abilities, successfully adjusting to its environment, and which is the most important it is persistently following wishes and needs of its consumers, and is satisfying them through high-quality offers. The retail network is relatively a new business structure, which has a great potential for competitive advantage. Once, prestigious partners to retailers, which have represented successful brands, they are often perceived to be stripped of rank and to come back at the level of common suppliers. Also, the suppliers' brands have no longer the position as they had, their status has decreased and their former power is gone, as a more superior, compared to the retailers. The inertia, enjoying 'the old glory', thinking in the manner of the same well-established formula as well as the inability to adjust themselves to the changes occurring among consumers have led the majority of the brands to be stuck in the past. The companies have to stop this increasing phenomenon, if they do not want to face in the near future, even more dramatic and more harmful consequences. Since the main aim of the research, performed in this work, was to determine the importance of retail brand positioning, the retail environment was analyzed, with special emphases on the consumer role in retail, and factors of successful retail activities. As a special aspect of successful retail, the environment of retail place was determined and within this, the effects of the retail places' atmosphere. For setting the retail strategy framework, the following basic entities are observed: product, price, exclusivity, quick response, information technology, price strategy, logistics and competitiveness. .

There are 50 permanently inhabited farms in the area of the municipality of Bečej, with a certain number of accommodating units at their disposal that could be included into tourist program. This paper presents the results collected in the market research about the understanding of salashes and 'salash' tourism in Vojvodina, about the knowledge of salash in the municipality of Bečej, as well as the interest of potential tourists in visiting and staying at these salashes. The main goal of this research was to establish the steps that would contribute to activating Bečej's salashes for tourism purposes, and to determine the context of accompanying programs that would be interesting to potential tourists and attractive when they choose a farm as a place to relax. .

Copyright of Veterinary Journal of Republic of Srpska / Veterinarski Zurnal Republika Srpske is the property of PI Veterinary institute of Republic of Srpska 'Dr Vaso Butozan' and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Starting with evolution in sales management paper discuss the basic features and challenges of the well-known practice called category management. This term as well as business practice are incorporated in many companies as a well industries so sounds as a solid solution in many cases - but not only in FMCG sector only.

The aim of this paper is to present main findings obtained from the empirical analysis of the functional food market in Serbia. The analysis is based on the in-depth interviews with relevant processors and retailers present on the market. The following set of topics are considered: (1) motivations (driving forces) and barriers to offer products with nutrition and health (N&H) claim and (2) perception of consumer demand toward N&H claimed products. Differences between Serbia and other Western Balkan Countries (WBC) are explored by using nonparametric techniques based on the independent samples. Results support overall conclusion that this market segment in Serbia is underdeveloped and rather producer than consumer driven compared to more developed WBC markets.

Copyright of Meat Technology / Tehnologija Mesa is the property of Institute of Meat Hygiene & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The process of classification of accommodation facilities represents a necessity of modern accommodation industry development that is carried out on the basis of various factors. As an open process of dividing accommodation facilities in classes, the classification of accommodation facilities provides transparency in the market, better statistical records, and along with the categorization process which performs their further processing and verification it also allows a better perception and comprehension of the market to consumers in selecting appropriate services. Given the fact that the institutions that provide these norms within a country differ among each other, depending on the type and number of accommodation facilities that can be found in private and state ownership, different systems of classification and categorization can be found in the world. The neighboring countries are characterized by the legislative approach which implies an active role of government and line ministry, and since there have been supplements and amendments to relevant laws and related regulations in recent years, as a reflection of the constant changes in this field and the attempts to make the existing offer of accommodation facilities meet the European and international standards, there is a need for their presentation and analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]