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It is possible to determine specific periods in plants during the vegetation period making phenological observations. When making phenological observations, one can be collect information about occurrence time of some events, such as sowing, germination and bud bursting. Particularly, this evidence will contribute s to the selection of species in site conditions, when making decisions about the species to be left in the field. Therefore, it is important to know blossoming time and lifespan of flowers during the seasons. If coloration of the plants to be used in the landscape design is known to depend on the season, much better compositions with the plants can be created. The aim of the paper is to reveal the differences in the beginning of vegetation of some native and exotic plant species found in the campus of Karadeniz Technical University. In this study, bud bursting times of 19 species of bud bursting dates, including 10 native trees, 5 exotic trees, 2 native shrubs and 2 exotic shrub species were investigated during the 4 phases. Thus, when observations were made for the times from swelling of the buds to the completion of the bud burst, it appeared that the bursting period for Acer platanoides L. was completed in the longest time and those for Carpinus betulus L. and Liquidambar orientalis Mill. – over the shortest time from the native species. The same period for Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. was completed in the longest time, while for Prunus serrulata Lindl. «Kandzan» it was completed in the shortest time for the exotic species.

This article discusses the relatively unknown poetry of Bessarion, the future Cardinal. The author argues with a negative opinion of F. M. Pontani concerning the three epicedia on the death of Theodora Comnena. The author analyses the composition, artistic means of expression and intertextual links in order to revise the common opinion in the subject and to prove the presence of literary values in the mentioned poems.

Specific days in the folk calenders usually reflect the memories of the nations. They transmit past experiences of a community to the present day. The source of folk calenders dates back to ancient times and they show differences according to a particular geography and the occupations of the dwellers. Founded in a rugged terrain, Trabzon and its surroundings have a quite original folk calender. Though they are based on Turkish calenders, heavy rains and people working in agriculture, animal breeding and seamanship in the region have added variety to the folk calender used in the region. In the region as in the other Turkish homelands, a day is divided into some parts. A week starts on the day when the nearest bazaar (open market) is set up. Kalandar, Mayıs Yedisi (7th of May), Mart Dokuzu/Yılsırtı (Nevruz) (9th of March,Year's backbone,Nawruz), Abrul Beşi (5th of April), Hıdırellez (Old Turkish celebration of spring) are some of the most specific days coming from Turkish culture and celebrated annually. Seasons are sequenced as spring, summer, fall and winter. Until recently, inhabitants in Trabzon region have attached great importance to those momentous days inherited from their ancestors and regularly celebrated each with different social activities. However, they started to underestimate them in the last decades like the other similar customs dating from the past. Particularly, those living in the urban setting have been observed to forget those significant days in the folk calender. Data in this study were gathered from the inhabitants of the region living in the villages far from the city centers. While collecting data, especially words and expressions which are not present in Turkish dictionaries in addition to the legends (stories) were taken into account and analysed.