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Predominantly sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be of concern to physicians. Particularly interesting are cases of combined STIs. Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other diseases pose the most challenging diagnostic and treatment scenarios. Venereologists observe severe manifestations of chronic dermatoses in individuals with HIV infection, atypical courses of other infections, and lack of response to conventional treatment methods. This study focuses on monitoring HIV-infected patients with syphilis during their hospitalization in the venereology department of the V.G. Korolenko Clinic, a branch of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Moscow Research and Practical Center for Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology. The study presents a differential diagnosis of secondary syphilis manifestations in these patients and discusses the peculiarities of the disease course.

In recent years, the literature has been discussing the issues of diagnosis and managing damaged eye patients who suffer from syphilis/HIV coinfection. We present a clinical case of syphilitic uveitis in the patient’s third reinfection of syphilis, which occurred during a long-term HIV infection. The causes for insufficient treatment effectiveness are analyzed.

Sixty patients with different clinical symptoms of secondary syphilis (ulcer chancres, pustular syphilis, hypertrophic papules, widespread leukoderma and alopecia) were examined in order to study the distribution pattern of histocompatibility antigens of the first class in patients with secondary syphilis of the skin and mucous membranes. As a result of the study, the presence of an associative relationship between the distribution pattern of histocompatibility antigens of the first class and various clinical manifestations in patients with secondary syphilis was established.

To state the diagnosis of early specific pulmonary disease, it is necessary to obtain clinical and/or serological data to reject manifest secondary or early latent syphilis. The most important differential-diagnostic criterion of early syphilis of the lungs is a rapid effect of specific antisyphilis therapy with further verification of complete resolution of pulmonary lesions. Two case reports are presented.

The article presents a review of the literature with a description of typical manifestations in the maxillofacial area in secondary, tertiary period of syphilis and the description of photo-images of the authors' clinical observations. In the secondary period of syphilis rashes can be found both on the skin and mucous membranes. In secondary reccurent syphilis the oral cavity is affected in 56% of the cases. Typical manifestations of this period are: roseola, papular and pustular syphilides. In the mouth the most frequently observed manifestation is popular syphilide or erythematous sore throat. The syphilitic papule of the mucous membrane of the mouth is flat, sharply demarcated, gets frequently eroded due to maceration or trauma. This papule is highly contagious element. Pustular syphilides are found mostly on the face and are a manifestation of a malignant course of the disease. Tertiary syphilis is a rare form of infection, which is observed as destructive injuries of organs and systems. The most frequent localization of gummy syphilide is the head. This article is highly revalent due to the high frequency of infection manifestation in maxillo-facial area, oral mucosa, and the high contagiousness symptoms, also affecting children.