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Background. Endometrial infertility is a frequent cause of failure in assisted reproduction. Causes of endometrial infertility are manifold and require comprehensive assessment for a successful choice of treatment strategy.Objectives. A review of infertility concepts accounting for endometrial infertility in women of late reproductive age.Methods. Bibliographic analysis: sources for review were mined in the PubMed, MedLine, eLibrary and Cyberleninka databases at a depth of 10 years. Keyword queries were: endometrial factors of infertility, uterine infertility [маточные факторы бесплодия], causes of infertility. Selected articles related to female infertility and, particularly, endometrial factors of infertility. Low-informative articles were not considered.Results. A total of 51 sources were analysed, with 36 selected in the review. The reviewed evidence suggests that endometrial female infertility in late reproductive age is associated with cumulative gynaecological pathology and age-related change adversely impacting endometrial receptivity and synchrony with embryo maturation in assisted reproductive protocols.Conclusion. Determining the functional status of endometrium is prerequisite for the outcome prognosis in assisted reproduction due to feasible failures to conceive with a vital embryo but reduced endometrial receptivity. This observation warrants a timely diagnosis and treatment of endometrial disorders prior to having assisted reproductive interventions. Woman’s age is the main predictor of successful pregnancy in IVF/ICSI protocols. Among the main markers of successful implantation is endometrial thickness. Uterine infertility may relate to impaired local immunity and autoimmune responses in uterine cavity. The most common mechanisms of uterine infertility are associated uterine myoma, endometriosis and endometritis. Women with uterine infertility attempting IVF/ICSI procedures often exhibit asynchronous endometrial development relative to the embryo maturity for implantation.

Background. Chronic endometritis is one of the causes of infertility, miscarriage, failed in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer attempts. Treatment of chronic endometritis is quite complicated due to a multifactorial nature of endometrium morpho-functional disorders. There are lots of approaches to a comprehensive treatment of chronic endometritis which indicates a lack of a single algorithm for a management of such patients to date. One of the modern, perspective and high-tech methods for treatment of chronic endometritis is photodynamic therapy (PDT). Aim. To study chronic endometritis treatment efficacy in patients with infertility when using the method of PDT and low doses of 17b-estradiol. Materials and methods. 85 female patients of reproductive age with chronic endometritis were examined and treated. All patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (43 patients) got treated by a method of intravenous PDT with low-dose transdermal 17b-estradiol; group 2 (42 patients) received low-dose transdermal therapy with 17b-estradiol. Clinical examination and laboratory tests, pelvic ultrasound, endometrial aspiration biopsy followed by pathomorphlogical and immunohistochemical examination were carried out to all patient. Results. Ultrasound examination revealed an increase in endometrium thickness at 12th day following PDT session in group 1 and following transdermal therapy with 17b-estradiol in group 2 resulting in endometrium state improvement almost 2 times compared with baseline values before treatment. Conclusions. PDT is a minimally invasive, gentle and safe treatment method. Due to a diffuser design laser radiation is evenly distributed in the uterine cavity. PDT reliably restores receptor function to progesterone in the endometrial glands.

Currently, the urgency of the problem of chronic endometritis is of medical and social importance, since it leads to impaired reproductive function. Among the risk factors there is a predominance of intrauterine devices and inflammatory complications after childbirth and abortion. Prolonged persistence of infectious agents in the endometrium in chronic endometritis leads to marked changes in the structure and function of the tissue, causes proliferative disorders, as well as disorders in cyclic transformation. Morphofunctional damage to the endometrium is not only the cause of infertility, unsuccessful attempts of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (PE), miscarriage, and a decrease in the quality of life of women due to chronic pain, dyspareunia, uterine bleeding and discharge from the genital tract. Timely and accurate diagnosis is key to the success of the restoration of reproductive function. Treatment of chronic endometritis is a complex, phased process. One of the new methods is photodynamic therapy, which leads to the development of a photochemical reaction that destroys bacterial and tumor cells, and also has an antiviral effect.

The article is devoted to identification of the characteristics of the Russian linguistic personality in the near abroad. It discusses the factors that have foreordained its increased receptivity to the influence of foreign cultural environment, as well as potential and mechanisms of resistance that should be taken into account in the formation of linguistic personality in a multilingual environment.

Purpose. To work out the criterion which will enable to provide strict formalization of the estimation of the level of the enterprise adaptability to the innovation development on the basis of the actual values of the level of the enterprise receptivity to innovations and the level of the enterprise resistance to the innovations influence with the account of the natural laws stipulating the cyclicity of the process of the enterprise innovation adaptation. Methodology. The given estimation criterion of the level of the enterprise adaptability to the innovation development has been worked out using methods of manyvalued logic. Findings. The criterion determining the functional interconnection between the level of the enterprise innovation adaptability and its indicators has been formulated. The developed criterion makes it possible to evaluate the level of the enterprise innovation adaptability on the basis of the actual values of the enterprise resistance level to innovations and the enterprise receptivity level to innovations. The criterion is referred to the structure of the cycle of the enterprise innovation adaptation, thus ensuring formalization of the account of the natural laws providing the cyclicity of the enterprise innovation adaptation process which makes it possible to estimate the level of the enterprise innovation adaptability at any point of its innovation development path. Originality. The developed criterion makes it possible to determine the enterprise innovation adaptability as the index characterizing the result of the combination of the actual level of the enterprise resistance to innovations and the actual level of the enterprise receptivity to innovations at any point of the innovation development path. This solves the contradiction of simultaneous providing the stability and the changeability of the enterprise as the subject of adaptation. Practical value. The criterion is one of the instruments to estimate the level of the enterprise adaptability to the innovation development. It can be used in the process of forming the system of analytical providing monitoring of the actual level of the enterprise innovation adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]