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Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) is a key indicator to measure the effectiveness of production systems. This paper aims to evaluate and improve a plastic production line based on OEE evaluation. An integrated framework is proposed to enhance the production system efficiency. This paper presents the data for a Plastic production line in Jordan under real working conditions. The data covers three months. A framework process to improve the OEE of the Plastic production system was proposed. Six major stoppage losses were inspected with the help of Pareto analysis. Furthermore, the actual availability, efficiency, and quality rate measures, together with the whole OEE for each working day, week, and month of the production line were shown. The methodology is based on determining the OEE of a Plastic production line after determining the causes of failures. The fishbone diagram tool is used to determine the root causes of failures. To improve the OEE measure, several losses are identified. The results reveal that the company should improve its policy to improve the production line’s performance and reduce losses. Top management should also pay attention to reducing the speed losses, which consist of 58.1%, and eliminate the planned and unscheduled disruptions covering 12.73% of all losses. This can be achieved by establishing a proper operation management procedure and strategy. This, in turn, optimized the equipment’s effectiveness. The quality procedure should include the changeover program that may be executed every day. Similarly, all preventive maintenance procedures for the six machines should be properly executed in predetermined intervals. There are several limitations in the research. Firstly, the research case study is only the plastic production system. Secondly, the research is related to the downtime or stoppage by analyzing it using fishbone diagram. Further, supported by other techniques such as the Pareto chart, six big losses analyses and CED. This research conducted on a Plastic industry. However, similar studies can be carried out in future in other manufacturing industries like electronic, pharmaceutical, textile industries, etc., and service industry. However, as future research work the contributions of this paper with other lean manufacturing concept like six sigma, quality function deployment, TQM, and just-in-time manu-facturing, can also be conducting to assess the overall production line efficiency. On the other hand, several statistical tests can be implemented based on data collected of TPM performance indicators. The proposed method supports policymakers in their decision-making process on the operations management line. Further-more, it improves the production systems’ productivity quality, and performance, reducing unplanned stop-pages and breakdowns, and reducing maintenance costs.

White mustard is an important green manure and fodder crop in the Carpathian region. The purpose of this study was to determine the indicators of fodder productivity and chemical composition of fodder of white mustard varieties recommended for cultivation in the studied soil and climatic zone. The methodological framework of this study was formed by general scientific and special research methods. The findings presented in the study for 2021-2023 highlight the dynamics of accumulation of vegetative mass and dry matter of white mustard in different major growth stages and development phases (BBCH) and the chemical composition of the feed. Studies have shown that the climate changes observed in recent years with increased temperature and sufficient rainfall meet the biological requirements of crop cultivation, while the created high-performance varieties meet the requirements of agricultural production of both seeds and green mass. It was found that per 1 ha the varieties Ariadna and Bila Pryntsesa leave about 9.9-10.1 t/ha of root residues in the soil and form a high yield of green mass (37.1-37.8 t/ha), which can be used for green fertiliser in the sixth stage of growth (flowering) of the BBCH 65 phase (full flowering: 50% of flowers on the main raceme are open, old petals have fallen off). Although the chemical composition of the biomass is somewhat inferior to conventional fodder crops, the crop under study can provide a balanced fodder in combination with high-protein crops. In the main sixth stage (flowering), the developmental phase BBCH 65, the value of the varieties was 4.081-4.158 t/ha of feed units and 5.194-5.292 t/ha of digestible protein. The findings of this study can be used by agricultural enterprises and farms for both green manure and fodder, which will increase soil fertility and improve animal nutrition

Cordyceps militaris and Lentinula edodes are known for their high extracellular proteolytic, amylolytic, and laccase activity, which is important for bakery production. This article describes the effect of enzymes obtained from mycelial biomass of C. militaris and L. edodes on such properties of flour mixes as amylolytic and proteolytic enzymic activity during baking, technological costs, and bread quality. The research featured strains of C. militaris SRG4 and L. edodes 3790 fungi; mycelial biomass powder of these fungi on a sterile grain substrate (rice, wheat); experimental flour mixes of wheat bread and first-grade baking flour with mycelial biomass powder; bread made from the experimental flour mixes. The experimental part included standard methods used in the bakery industry. The mycelial biomass of C. militaris and L. edodes fungi proved to be a promising baking additive because it possessed hydrolytic enzymes and was rich in protein substances (32.2 ± 1.5 and 26.4 ± 2.0%, respectively), specific mushroom polysaccharides (36.7 ± 0.8 and 52.2 ± 1.2%, respectively), and carotenoids (1600 ± 40 mcg/g of C. militaris biomass). The active amylases and proteinases in the mycelial biomass powder improved the sugar-forming ability and reduced the falling number. In addition, they raised the amount of washed gluten with a slight decrease in elasticity, as well as provided an acceptable structure and viscosity of the dough at 1–4% of mycelial biomass powder. This dose resulted in an optimal bread formulation of standard quality. A bigger amount caused the crumb to darken and increased its humidity while reducing the specific volume. The bread samples with C. militaris were too acid. Mycelial biomass of C. militaris and L. edodes proved to be a good source of enzymes to be used with grain substrates in bakery production. Further research is needed to define the optimal dose and processing modes.

Jelly candies are colorful, delicious, and loved by children. Mackerel skin gelatin has a good nutritional potential to increase the protein content in jelly candy. The present study tested consumer acceptance, proximate value, and quality of gelatin jelly candy fortified with eight different natural flavorings: honey, date juice, olive oil, soy milk, goat’s milk, grape juice, avocado, and pumpkin. Gelatin was extracted from mackerel (Scomberomorus commersonii) skin. The quality assessment involved tests on the water, ash, fat, and protein contents, as well as bacterial contamination. The sensory evaluation involved a hedonic test with 10 panelists, who found all samples acceptable in appearance, smell, flavor, and texture. The average score for each criterium was 7.00 out of 9.00. The sample with soy milk proved to have the most optimal formulation: water (9.76 ± 0.70%), ash (0.21 ± 0.02%), protein (16.20 ± 0.37%), fat (2.32 ± 0.50%), carbohydrate (51.61 ± 0.80%), reducing sugar (0.14 ± 0.01%). All samples were free from Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli, with a total plate count of 1×102 colonies per 1 g. The jelly candy with mackerel skin gelatin was high in protein, had a favorable sensory profile, and met the Indonesia National Standard for this type of food products.

Sous vide technology came to Russia in the early 2000s. Its quality standards require a multidimensional comprehensive study to develop theoretical and methodological foundations. The research featured the effect of various Sous vide modes on beef quality based on histological analysis and sensory assessment. The review of best practices in this sphere included publications registered in Scopus, Web of Science, and eLIBRARY.RU. Beef from sacral part underwent Sous vide processing at two modes, i.e., 57 and 64°C for 24 h and 80°C for 12 h. The samples obtained were subjected to histological analysis and sensory assessment. The histology showed that the cooking process at 100°C and the Sous vide modes at 57, 64, and 80°C increased the intercellular space and dissolved the connective tissue. Higher temperature modes led to more pronounced shrinking and deformation of muscle fibers. Under the Sous vide conditions, fibrous structures demonstrated the most severe destruction after 12 h at 80°C. As the destruction of muscle fibers increased, more nuclei entered intercellular space. Moreover, perimysium and sarcolemma demonstrated signs of granulation between muscle fiber bundles. The Sous vide samples received the best score for juiciness and tenderness. The research revealed a certain contradiction between the growing degree of fibrous destruction caused by thermal treatment and the improving consistency index for juiciness and tenderness. The authors consider it necessary to investigate the matter further and invite specialists to submit their ideas.

Insufficient information on the characteristics of changes in nutrients of Sudan grass according to the phases of growth and development is one of the main obstacles to the widespread use of this crop in feed production. The purpose of the study is to analyze changes in the content of protein and dry matter in green mass of Sudan grass varieties during a vegetation period depending on the sowing method. The research was carried out in the Rostov region on ordinary carbonate chernozem. The growing seasons were characterized by a contrasting hydrothermal regime: in 2022 – average aridity, in 2021 and 2023. – insufficient hydration. The objects of the study were the Sudan grass varieties ‘Aleksandrina’, ‘Alisa’, ‘Gratsiya’, ‘Kudesnitsa’ bred by the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. With the row sowing method (row spacing 15 cm, seeding rate 1.6 million pcs/ha), a more rapid accumulation of dry matter occurs in all studied varieties at the beginning of the vegetation period. By the end of the vegetation period, the dry matter content is higher with wide-row sowing (70 cm row spacing, 340 thousand pieces/ha), by 4.21% on average among the varieties. Rapid accumulation of dry matter was noted from the end of the “heading” phase up to the “milk ripeness” phase. The protein content in dry matter with wide-row sowing at the beginning of the growing season was two times higher than with continuous sowing and amounted to 21.33–24.17 %. Starting from the “heading” phase, the value of the trait decreased sharply and by the time of full grain ripeness it was 5.17–6.74 % for row sowing and 8.01–8.61 % for wide-row sowing. This change in protein in the dry matter of green mass indicates the practicability of using the crop in early stages of the vegetation period to obtain the best feed quality.

Aim – to study the ethyl alcohol 70% of the Lux brand in respect to its chemical and analytical quality, toxicological safety, microbial effectiveness and to assess its use in skin antiseptics. Material and methods. The studies were performed using organoleptic, physical, chemical, toxicological and microbial analysis in accordance with standard modern methods. Results. Ethyl alcohol 70% has chemical, analytical and microbial quality indicators that meet the requirements of the State Pharmacopeia of the Republic of Belarus. According to toxicological indicators, it belongs to class IV – lowhazard substances, with no irritating effect, which corresponds to the regulatory toxicological indicators of the safety of skin antiseptics. During the primary epicutaneous application on volunteers, it does not cause subjective and objective symptoms of sensitization; it belongs to substances that do not have an irritating effect and sensitizing ability. Standard test cultures and clinical strains of microorganisms are highly sensitive to ethyl alcohol 70% in a qualitative suspension test tube and micromethod without protein load and moderately sensitive in the diskdiffusion method with an exposure of 1 min. In relation to these microorganisms, the antimicrobial activity of ethyl alcohol 70% is above 99.999% and a reduction factor above 5 lg at exposure of 1 min in a quantitative suspension method without a protein load. Ethyl alcohol 70% is also characterized by a high efficiency of normal skin disinfection and E.coli contaminated skin of volunteers over 99% and a reduction factor above 2 lg and 4 lg, respectively. Conclusion. Ethyl alcohol 70% of the brand "Lux" is a highquality, toxicologically safe and microbial effective drug. It can be recommended for skin antisepsis of the injection field (class A), as well as hygienic hand antisepsis (class B) and antiseptic sanitization of the skin in the Republic of Belarus and Russian Federation.

Relevance. In connection with the development of industrial hydroponics in the country, the need arose to create targeted varieties and hybrids of F1 small radish for salad lines, which have special requirements. They should be productive, early ripening and shade-tolerant, with a rounded root shape and a small compact rosette of leaves, resistant to premature stem formation (stem formation). Root vegetables should be juicy, dense, without voids and bitterness, as well as with a high content of ascorbic acid and other biologically active substances and low accumulation of pollutants.Methodology. The material for the study was selection samples of small radishes created in the laboratory of selection and seed production of table root crops of the Federal State Budgetary Institution " Federal Scientific Vegetable Center". The assessment of promising breeding material was carried out in the seedling department of the Richel greenhouse and in the production conditions of Moskovsky LLC according to the methods adopted by the Federal Scientific Center.Results. Based on the assessment results, promising leveled material was identified, adapted to the conditions of salad lines, both in terms of a set of characteristics and in individual areas of selection: No. 81 with high yield and marketability, having large red root crops of a round-oval shape and a small leaf rosette, No. 83 – with large roots, small leaf rosette and resistance to flowering, No. 80 is a genetic source of high resistance to flowering (3.6%) combined with marketability and a small leaf rosette. Genetic sources of high dry matter content were identified – the Dutch hybrid F1 Gloritet, monosaccharides – sample No. 83, ascorbic acid – No. 76, 81, 82, 84, high content of vitamin "C" and monosaccharides in root vegetables – No. 76. In the production conditions of Moskovsky LLC, three promising samples small radishes stood out with a yield of more than 2200 g per 1 m2 and a marketability of 93.9-96.8%, distinguished by large rounded red root crops, a small rosette of leaves and a thin axial root.

Relevance. Fertigation is the application of fertilizers, in which nutrients are dissolved in water for irrigation. This method is relevant when growing eggplant in the Rostov region, allowing effective use of fertilizers, since nutrients enter directly into the roots of plants, which eliminates their loss to evaporation or weathering. During fertigation, there is no need to carry out separate procedures for fertilization and irrigation, operations are combined into one, which reduces time and costs. The Rostov region is characterized by variable climatic conditions, including drought and strong winds. Fertigation ensures uniform and constant nutrition of plants, allowing them to better adapt to weather conditions, and can help increase yields by optimizing plant growth and development conditions.Material and methodology. In the conditions of the Rostov region, on ordinary heavy loamy chernozems, studies were conducted on the cultivation of eggplant on different backgrounds of the main application of mineral fertilizers in calculated doses before planting and using root fertilizing with complex fertilizers with trace elements with irrigation (fertigation), as well as leaf fertilizing with organomineral fertilizer Arksoil during the growing season.Results. It was revealed that mineral fertilizers and top dressing accelerated the growth and development of plants, and in the best case, the increase in indicators was 2 times higher compared with the control, while the height of the main stem, the number of lateral shoots and the number of ovaries on the plant, as well as the average weight of the fruit, significantly increased, which ensured an increase in plant productivity. The combined use of basic fertilizer and complex soluble fertilizers in the drip irrigation system has significantly increased plant productivity and increased yields to 77.82 t/ha. The application of high doses of fertilizers in combination with fertigation with water-soluble fertilizers did not actually affect the quality of fruits. The content of dry matter and nitrates remained at an optimal level.

The effect of broadband disturbances on the operation of a noise-immune digital speckle pattern interferometer with a continuous wave laser emitter and a diffuse-scattering element arranged in front of an oscillating turbine wheel has been studied. Visibility dependences of the recorded interference patterns were obtained under the action of different types of artificially created disturbances. It is shown that the most dangerous mechanical disturbances for the operation of a speckle pattern interferometer are periodic noise and pink noise, whereas white noise and natural vibrations of the floor in the room where the experimental setup was accommodated do not significantly influence the quality of the information recorded by the interferometer. This article analyzes the influence of the mechanical properties of the diffuse-scattering element arranged in the speckle pattern interferometer on the quality of the obtained interference patterns. A relationship between the growth of forced tangential oscillations of the diffuse-scattering element and a decrease in the contrast of interference fringes was noted. In this case, an increase in the thickness of the organic glass plate of the diffuse-scattering element up to 8 mm leads to the neutralization of the pink noise action on the speckle pattern interferometer operation. At the same time, the effect of periodic noises decreases the contrast of interference patterns recorded for the cases of using 5 mm and 8 mm thick organic glass plates.

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The cultivation of table grapes respecting the principles of organic agriculture and minimizing environ- mental impact can bring significant ecological and social benefits, contributing to rural development and promoting responsible agricultural practices. For the production of quality table grapes, specific growth conditions and technology must be ensured, the quantity and quality of the harvest being directly influenced by the climate, the vineyard expo- sure, the variety and the agricultural technique used. Studying the problems related to the quality formation of table grapes under different ecological cultivation conditions, it was found that the variety behaves differently in the growing process, a fact that influences the formation of structural elements. The purpose of the research presented in this article is to study the agroecological potential of the Moldova table grape variety, under the conditions of the Codru wine re- gion, depending on the calcium treatments applied during the growing season. The following was determined from the research: 1. Calcium treatments did not directly influence the agro-ecological indices of the vine, and were manifested indirectly. 2. Calcium treatments directly influence the physiological indices, especially the variants with a higher number of treatments recorded maximum values of the chlorophyll content index, berries firmness, etc. 3. A different level of significance was established between the studied variants.

The development of the conceptual apparatus in the field of assessing the organization of urban passenger transportation allows us to form objective evaluation mechanisms for further improvement of the work of urban public passenger transport. Today in the presence of a number of problems in the field of transport services for the population of large and largest cities the task of forming a sound assessment system for the organization of urban passenger transportation becomes the most urgent. However for such an assessment different authors use different categories: "effectiveness", "efficiency", and "quality". There are no works that would allow us to determine the most appropriate category in relation to the functioning of urban public passenger transport. The article conducts a study of these categories, presents their comparative analysis and considers the possibilities of their use to evaluate the operation of the system in question. Purpose. The main objective of the article is to select a category for evaluating the organization of urban passenger transportation. Methodology. The method of analysis and the method of systematization of data were used in carrying out the research. Results. The essence of each of such categories as "effectiveness", "efficiency" and "quality" in relation to the assessment of the organization of urban passenger transportation is determined. The interrelationships between the categories and their significant differences are determined. The choice of the category of assessment of the organization of urban passenger transportation is justified. The scope of the results. The results obtained can be guided by scientists and specialists involved in the assessment of the organization of urban passenger transportation. Conclusions. It is recommended when choosing a category for evaluating the organization of urban passenger transportation to reflect its essence, which is defined in this article.

The food industry is currently demonstrating a tendency to substitute traditional high-humidity raw materials with their dry analogues. This research introduces new designs of vertical vibrating mixers that could preprogram flour mix quality. The vertical continuous vibration mixers designed for granular materials showed a good potential for a wider scope of application. The experiment involved high-quality wheat flour, sugar, salt, egg powder, and powdered milk, as well as three vertical mixers, i.e., a lifting mixer, a flow mixer, and a cascade mixer. Wheat flour entered the working body of the mixer and came into a stable vibration-boiling state in layers of ≤ 35 mm with a vibration amplitude of 4.5 mm and a frequency of ≥ 20 Hz. The speed rate of the flour increased together with the oscillation frequency of the working body and the size of the perforation area but went down as the layer grew wider. The efficiency increased following the increase in the perforation area on the spiral surface and depended on the maximal thickness of the dough layer. The flow vibrating mixer proved to be the most effective one. The frequency of pulse feeding of ingredients into the mixer was ≤ 50% (Vc ≤ 14.5%) to obtain flour mixes of satisfactory quality while good-quality mixes required 25% average time the particles spent in the mixer (Vc ≤ 6%). The results obtained can be used to design technological lines for flour mix production.

Cherries (Prunus avium L.) are valued for their taste and nutritional properties. However, they are highly perishable. A low-temperature preservation technology can preserve cherries without spoiling their beneficial properties. This research experimentally substantiated the optimal methods and modes of freezing cherries, defined their refrigerated shelf-life, and identified varieties for low-temperature preservation. The study featured cherries of eight varieties grown in the northern foothills of Dagestan. Fresh cherries served as control. Some cherries were frozen by immersion in a liquid solution of water, alcohol, and sugar (65:20:15) at –24°C. Others were frozen in bulk in air at –30, –33, and –35°C to be stored at –22°C for 3, 9, and 12 months. The nutritional profile was determined by standard methods of chemical analysis. The amount of juice lost during defrosting was assessed by the difference in weight before and after defrosting. The sensory evaluation involved a five-point scale. The best nutritional profile belonged to the sample frozen in air at –35°C while the worst result was observed in the cherries frozen at –30°C. The cherries frozen in bulk in air at –33°C and those immersed in liquid coolant at –24°C demonstrated a poorer nutritional content (by 4.2–5.4%) than the sample frozen in air at –35°C. The sample frozen in air preserved 77.5–81.6% vitamin C, 83.7–89.0% pectin substances, 85.1–88.5% anthocyanins, and 81.4–86.4% sugar after 12 months of storage at –22°C. The sample frozen in liquid coolant retained 75.9–79.0% vitamin C, 84.4–88.2% pectin substances, 83.8–87.5% anthocyanins, and 80.3–84.7% sugar after 12 months of storage. The cherries of the Lezginka, Dagestanka, and Valery Chkalov varieties showed minimal changes after 12 months. The varieties of Buynakskaya, Krupnoplodnaya, and Polyanka could be recommended for nine-month storage. The varieties of Zhemchuzhnaya and Gudzon lost consumer attractiveness as early as after 3 months. When frozen in bulk in air at –33°C and immersed in liquid coolant at –24°C, the cherries preserved their physicochemical properties after 3, 9, and 12 months of storage at –22°C. The study expanded the existing data about low-temperature preservation of cherries and their health benefits.

Since spelt grain is one of the most promising non-conventional types of plant material for healthy food products, it is important to investigate environmentally friendly technologies for post-harvest processing of this crop. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical changes in spelt wheat grain under the influence of microwave electromagnetic radiation. The study presented the results of research on how the electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequencies and the duration of processing affect the quality characteristics of spelt grain of the Holikovska wheat variety harvested in Cherkasy region in 2020 and 2021. During the experimental study, physical methods of grain quality research were used following the developed and existing methods and industry standards. The complex structural changes in spelt grains during their treatment with an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field with an increase in grain size, shape, and volume were investigated. Analysis found that the grain fractional composition changed towards reducing the passage depending on the processing time by 1.5-4.0 times. It was found that the treatment of spelt grain with high-frequency waves for 20-180 s reduces grain moisture content by 2-36% compared to the control, with a significant decrease after the first minute of exposure. Moreover, during the first minute of intensive grain heating, the grain temperature increased, while during the next two minutes, the intensity of grain heating decreased by 1.5-3 times. It was also proved that irradiation with ultra-high frequencies decreased the number of vitreous grains, while the number of floury grains, on the contrary, increased. The analysis also found that the vitreousity of treated spelt wheat grain by electromagnetic waves of ultra-high frequency decreases by 1.3-1.5 times during the last 2-3 minutes of treatment. The developed recommendations for the use of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves in the technological processes of storage and processing of spelt grain can be used by enterprises to intensify the production of environmentally friendly products

Relevance. In order to expand the range of food products for the crews of the International Space Station (ISS), studies have been conducted on the specifics of developing natural flavoring vegetable additives in the form of powder for freeze-dried dishes. The aim is to evaluate new broccoli hybrids as raw materials for the production of natural flavoring vegetable additives in the form of powder for freeze-dried dishes of increased nutritional value and high degree of readiness for consumption, including components of children's, dietary and cosmonaut nutrition. Methods. The objects of the study were 6 new broccoli hybrids (2 hybrids of domestic and 4 of foreign breeding). Results. In domestic hybrids F1 (Detskiy delikates, Macho), the average vitamin C content in natural flavoring vegetable additives in the form of freeze-dried powder of a high degree of readiness for consumption was 1.66 times higher than in foreign hybrids. The highest vitamin C content was noted in the domestic hybrid children's delicacy 419.4 mg %. β-carotene was best preserved in the hybrids F1 Detskiy delikates (2.58 mg %), F1 Macho (2.56 mg %), as well as in the hybrid F1 Batavia (2.52 mg %). The amount of sugars in natural flavoring vegetable additives in the form of freeze-dried powder was on average 1.17 times higher in domestic hybrids than in foreign ones. At the same time, some foreign hybrids showed a high level of accumulation. So the largest accumulation of the sum of sugars was in the F1 Lord (12.85 %). A high level of sugar content was also observed in F1 Macho (12.84 %) and F1 Detskiy delikates (11.63 %). The F1 Fiesta accumulated the least nitrates (77.1 mg/kg). According to organoleptic indicators, the F1 Detskiy delikates has been identified. High organoleptic indices were also noted in the F1 Macho and the F1 Batavia.

Introduction. The relevance of the work is due to the need to find ways to preserve the nutrient composition of vitamins and other necessary raw materials to create finished food products that can diversify the diet of astronauts, taking into account their habitat. Goal – Comparison of methods for dehydrating plant materials and creating finished food products with a certain degree of dehydration, recommended for feeding astronauts. These methods were used to produce so-called “frips” from fresh fruits and berries; this is a type of snack that is also widely used and developed in modern industry. Objects and methods of research. The objects of the study were several types of fruits and berries of various varieties (minimum 2) during dehydration by several types of drying. Results. Dehydration using the LTVD (low temperature vacuum drying) method makes it possible to obtain finished products with a given final moisture content, and the product can be made from multi-component raw materials. The duration of the dehydration process using the LTVD method compared to the VFD (vacuum freeze drying) method is reduced by approximately 10-20 % depending on the product, while due to the absence of preliminary freezing, the specific energy costs for drying a food object can presumably be reduced by 15-25 %. Quality indicators of the finished dry product The product dried using the presented methods is comparable, the content of vitamins and microelements is at almost the same level, therefore, when choosing the type of drying, we can recommend the LTVD method as less energy-consuming. The yield of marketable products in the production of frips ranges from 15.0 to 19.5 % by weight of the initial raw materials, which meets the requirements for economic efficiency of production.

Relevance. Multi-tiered onion (Allium proliferum Schrad.) refers to valuable perennial spicy-aromatic and medical crops and is widely used in various sectors of the economy: coolies and food industry, traditional and folk medicine.Methods. The aim of the research was to study the economically useful characteristics of new zoned varieties of multi-tiered onions. The objects of research were the local population and new zoned author's varieties of multi-tiered onions Uzgorak and Pachastunak selected by the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy. The studies were carried out in the field and laboratory according to generally accepted methods.Results. As a result of the research, the main morphological, morphometric and phenological characteristics, yield and quality of marketable products (green mass) of the local population and new zoned varieties of multi-tiered onions were studied. The multi-tiered onion variety Uzgorak formed a yield of green mass of 180–190 c/ha, Pachastunak – 185–195 c/ha with a dry matter content of 12.4 and 12.9 %, respectively, crude protein – 17.4 and 17.5% upon reaching technological ripeness in 24–27 and 20–25 days. New author's varieties of multi-tiered onions Uzgorak and Pachastunak are included in the State Register of Varieties of Agricultural Plants of the Republic Belarus and are recommended for home gardening.

In the context of diversification of characteristics and conditions of employment, qualitative parameters of labor market development are recognized by international organizations as a priority, which is reflected in numerous conceptions (for example, decent work) and methodological approaches – both scientific and institutional (research on the quality of work, quality of employment). Quality assessment is based on analytical approaches, the implementation of which in Ukraine faces a number of difficulties: lack of information support, no uniform approaches to assessment, insufficient methodical elaboration of a complex category of quality within the framework of qualiology and qualimetry. To overcome these gaps in the study, it is proposed to apply factor analysis (main components, with the rotation of solutions of factors), while using the information obtained as a result of processing microdata files of surveys on the labor force of the regions of Ukraine. The inclusion of qualitative features of the labor market development (gender parity, opportunities to combine work and family responsibilities, guarantees of formal employment, decent wages and acceptable working hours, in particular for persons with a high level of education, and others) in the factor analysis allows to identify problem processes that have the greatest impact on the formation of the quality of the labor market. The results of the calculations indicate the decisive influence of the existing deprivations on the formation of the quality of the labor market in Ukraine. The deprivations refer to compliance with decent wages and the existence of informal employment, including among people with higher education, opportunities for economic activity, as well as gender restrictions in the labor market. The problem of acceptable working hours, in particular for married women, is also significant. Such results should be taken into account when developing a policy of labor market regulation in the context of Ukraine’s post-war recovery, aimed at forming a qualitative maturity of the labor market.

Boba from previous research obtained the best formulation, namely the ratio of tapioca flour: tilapia meal: seaweed porridge = 37.5: 12.5: 50. Based on this formulation, further research is needed to determine the shelf life of tilapia seaweed boba. The experimental design used in this research was a factorial RAL using 4 factors consisting of factors A (mixed natural preservatives), B (type of packaging), C (storage temperature), and D (storage time). The natural preservative factor and type of packaging each consist of two levels. The storage temperature and storage time factors each consist of three levels. The natural preservative used in this research was a mixture of cinnamon and cloves, lemon and honey. The types of packaging used are plastic cups and vacuum plastic. The storage temperatures used are room temperature (25°C), cold temperature (4°C), and frozen temperature (-17°C). Storage time was at room temperature on days 1 and 5. Storage time was at a cold temperature (4°C) during the 7th and 14th days. Long storage time at frozen temperature (-17°C) for the 30th and 60th days. The parameters observed consisted of moisture, pH, TVB, and TPC. The results of this research showed that the tilapia seaweed boba with the best shelf life is the tilapia seaweed boba using a natural preservative, a mixture of lemon and honey, with vacuum plastic packaging, which can last up to 14 days in cold storage (4°C) and at freezing temperatures (-17°C) up to 60 days of safe storage for consumption according to SNI 7266:2014 standards. The quality of tilapia seaweed boba using a natural preservative, a mixture of lemon and honey, with vacuum plastic packaging during cold storage (4°C) for up to 14 days of storage has a moisture value of 64.688%, pH value of 5.6, TVB value of 6 mg/100 grams, and TPC value of 9.1 x 103 cfu/gram. At freezing temperature, storage (-17°C) for up to 60 days of storage has a moisture value of 63.601%, pH value of 4.5, TVB value of 6 mg/100 grams, and TPC value of 1.2 x 103 cfu/gram.

Background. One of the promising directions for improving the efficiency of mechanical processing is the introduction of qualitatively new technologies, in particular, using ultrasound energy. The use of forced ultrasonic vibrations during threading in difficult-to-process materials proved to be especially effective. As a result of the use of ultrasonic vibrations, there is an increase in productivity, performance of the threading tool, as well as the quality and accuracy of the parts obtained. Materials and methods. Special ultrasonic thread-cutting devices have been developed. Research was carried out on special samples with prepared holes for threads. The results of a study of the influence of forced ultrasonic vibrations on the performance of small-diameter taps when cutting threads in workpieces made of materials with high physical and mechanical characteristics are presented. Results and conclusions. It has been established that the use of ultrasonic vibrations leads to a multiple increase in the service life of taps.

Background. The technical characteristics and operability of the equipment depend on the quality of petroleum products. The analysis of the composition of petroleum products is carried out, as a rule, in laboratory conditions using optical diagnostic methods. Of the optical methods, the most widely used are refractometric methods for determining the composition of oil by refractive coefficients, which changes when the chemical composition changes. The main disadvantage of the known methods of analysis is the long measurement time associated with the need to take a sample from the pipeline. For the express analysis of the composition of substances, a refractometric method and a fiber-optic sensor (FOS) for its implementation have been patented. The object of the study is the processes of express analysis of the quality of oil and petroleum products. The subject of the research is scientific and technical solutions of refractometric fiber-optic sensors of the quality of petroleum products. The aim of the work is to develop a design and technological solution of a fiber-optic sensor of increased reliability for express analysis of the quality of oil and petroleum products not only in the laboratory, but in difficult operating conditions. Materias and methods. The authors propose to conduct an express analysis of the composition of petroleum products directly on the section of the pipeline through which the liquid flows, by analogy with pressure sensors that are installed directly on the pipe. To do this, it is proposed to attach a liquid FOS to the tube of the sampling device. The main approach to achieve this goal is the adaptation of well-known technical solutions of water by upgrading the micro-optical-mechanical system (MOMS). In order to increase the reliability of waters and systems based on them, it is proposed to exclude mechanical informative and uninformative bends of fiber-optic cable, which is possible in the way of using MOMS, in which opticl fibers are not deformed. Results. A constructive and technological solution has been developed to improve the quality of petroleum products of increased reliability on the basis of a developed two-channel fiber-optic converter with a cylindrical hollow tube with a liquid, the refractive index of which is determined by. Conclusions. The developed design and technological solution of the VOD, which performs instantaneous measurement of the refractive index of the liquid in the pipeline, will increase the reliability of the sampling system of oil pipelines, reduce unreasonable costs of the sampling process, increase the accuracy of measuring the quality indicators of liquid transparent to visible and IR rdiation of petroleum products. The developed water can be used for express monitoring not only in oil pipeline sampling systems, but also for diagnosing pollution of the water component of the environment, as well as for determining the type of liquid in almost all sectors of the national economy.

Relevance. Currently, the priority direction in the development of the food industry is the use of local raw materials and the production of products with increased nutritional value, i.e. with an increased content of micronutrients, which include vitamins, minerals, macro and microelements. One of these products of plant origin is the pumpkin culture. The cultivation of high-yielding, versatile, nutrient-rich crops, such as pumpkin, plays an important role in ensuring food security. When breeding new improved varieties, special attention is paid to the adaptability of the crop to growing conditions, as well as to portion fruits with high taste and technological qualities.Purpose. Selection of the most adapted, productive, high-quality pumpkin samples for breeding and their cultivation in industrial production and the private sector in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia.Material and methods. Field research was conducted in 2021-2022 at the experimental site of the selection (organic) crop rotation, in the educational and experimental farm of the Omsk State Agrarian University. Meteorological conditions during the years of the experiments were different, but quite typical for the climate of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region. The object of research are 5 varieties of large-fruited pumpkin: Dietary, Red etamp, Crumb, Honey crumb, Honey dessert; two samples of selection of the Omsk State Agrarian University: 1/15, 2/15; three samples of selection of the FGBOU IN RGAZU: 4/21, 5/21, 7/21. Observations, accounting and analysis were carried out according to generally accepted methods.Results. The biological yield of the studied cultivars varies from 10.3 to 42.2 t/ha in 2021 and from 18.2 to 35.8 t/ha in 2022.

The article discusses the dairy industry in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. The Russian Federation is experiencing a shortage of milk. Currently, the per capita milk consumption in the country is by more than a quarter behind the rational intake recommended by the Ministry of Health, which is 325 kg. However, the Chuvash Republic boasts 373 kg of per capita milk production, which is by 71% higher than the average data for the rest of the country, and the high quality of Chuvash milk is unanimously confirmed by leading domestic experts. The authors analyzed the success factors of milk production in the Chuvash Republic to be extrapolated on the entire domestic industry. The research relied on such demographic data as the ratio of urban vs. rural population; dairy herd data, e.g., livestock population, farm types, dairy productivity, etc.; dairy production and processing business data. The methods included systematization, generalization, grouping, statistical data processing, and analysis of temporal dynamics indicators. The Chuvash Republic has a large percentage of rural population and a lot of subsidiary dairy farms: 22 000 farms own more than 60% of dairy cows in the region and provide 55% of milk processing volumes. Subsidies allocated by the local government allow farm owners to ensure the high dairy productivity of cows. Most of the milk in the Chuvash Republic can be classified as near-organic. Leading regional milk producers have their own agricultural lands to provide environmentally friendly feed, as well as specialized premises for herd keeping and milking, retail outlets to sell their products, etc. A third of enterprises maintain the milk productivity at 7800–9200 kg, which is as high as in Denmark, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and Germany. Most Chuvash dairy farmers owe their high results to the state support funds allocated for the purchase of breeding cattle. The twelve largest milk producers in the region provide 100% of the output of drinking milk, so private farms mainly focus on meeting the needs of dairy processing enterprises. The latter also receive seasonal subsidies. The Chuvash milk miracle can be explained by the following factors: big rural population; private subsidiary farms; high-quality breeding dairy livestock; high-quality feed; good milk production and processing equipment. However, the comprehensive system of state support measures remains the most important success factor.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important crops that is extensively used in the food processing industry. During tomato processing, abundant by-products such as skins, pulps, seeds, and waste are generated and cause environmental burdens. To solve this problem, tomato pomace was subsequently used as a material for making tomato sauce. However, it is essential that the production of tomato ketchup meets the required standards. Therefore, it is important to analyze the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the product. We aimed to study the effect of corn starch addition on the physicochemical and sensory properties of tomato ketchup made from tomato waste and to assess the acceptability of tomato sauce formulated with different concentrations of corn starch. Tomato ketchup was cooked at 90°C for 15 min and then hot-filled into a sterile glass bottle. It was then analyzed for physical properties (color, viscosity, and total dissolved solids), chemical properties (pH, titratable acidity, moisture content), microbiological quality (total bacteria, mold, and yeast), and sensory acceptance. The results showed that corn starch influenced the color characteristics of the tomato sauce. Adding more than 4% of corn starch increased the viscosity and total solids content significantly (p < 0.05). Also, corn starch addition decreased the water content and acidity, as well as increased the pH of the tomato sauce. Microbiological analysis showed no growth of bacteria, mold, or yeast in any of the test samples. According to sensory analysis, the tomato sauce with 1% of corn starch had the highest acceptance, while higher concentrations of corn starch decreased the texture acceptance. Our findings may indicate that, with proper formulation, tomato by-products can be used as raw materials to develop sustainable alternative value-added products that consumers accept organoleptically. Further investigations can be conducted in the pilot-scale studies to enhance the feasibility of tomato pomace ketchup as a commercial product.

Russian cuisine reflects the identity of its peoples. However, modern nutrition tends to level the multicultural peculiarities of Russian cuisine. This research objective was to identify the effect of packaging and storage time on the quality profile of instant turnip and rutabaga porridges. The study featured quality indicators of food concentrates. Samples of instant porridges were packaged in sachet bags and cups made of complex materials. They were stored at a 20–25°C and a relative humidity of ≤ 75% for 8 months. The sensory, physicochemical, and microbiological variables were measured using standard research methods. After 6 and 8 months of storage, the total sensory assessment for the porridge cups was higher by 1.0 and 2.0 points, respectively, than for the porridge sachets. The cups did not affect the moisture and fat content during storage. The recoverability of the cupped samples was higher by 10.9 and 14.2% after 6 and 8 months of storage, respectively. The mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microbial count for porridge cups fell by 11.0 times after 6 months of storage and by 3.2 times after 8 months of storage, compared to the sachets. The tests revealed no yeast, mold, Bacillus cereus, coliform bacteria, or pathogenic microorganisms. Shelf-life had a greater effect on quality profile of instant porridge than packaging. In this research, the recommended shelf life for instant turnip and rutabaga porridges was 6 months. The effect of other packaging types and materials on food concentrates is a promising research direction.

The biochemical composition, physical and technological properties of amaranth grain determine the possibility of its use to improve the consumer properties and nutritional value of bakery products. The obtained experimental results of the acidity and moisture content of samples of dough pieces with the addition of wheat-amaranth bran (5–15 %) and a control sample of wheat dough with 5 % content of wheat bran are within the normative values established in the standards. The addition of 5, 10 and 15 % wheat-amaranth bran improves the nutritional value of the finished product due to the high content of protein, micro- and macroelements, and highly unsaturated oil in the seeds, which contains squalene. Adding wheat-amaranth bran does not change the structure and properties of bread. The resulting samples of tin bread containing 5, 10 and 15 % wheat-amaranth bran have a smooth surface without any special deformations, a soft, elastic crumb, uniform thin-walled porosity without breaks; the taste and smell correspond to this type of wheat bread. The most pronounced taste and smell of wheat bread with 5 % wheat bran content is in tin bread containing 15 % wheat-amaranth bran. The physicochemical parameters of wheat-amaranth test samples, with the exception of moisture and acidity, do not exceed the values of the control sample. Based on the results of the research, technology for preparing enriched wheat pan bread with the addition of wheat-amaranth bran in amounts of 5, 10 and 15 % has been developed.

The article presents the results of a theoretical analysis of literary sources on the problem of human qualimetry and education. The relevance of this study is determined by the fact that at the moment the education system is undergoing serious changes due to the transition to the national system of higher education, which is largely determined by the spiritual and moral attitudes of specific teachers, Teachers, heads of the education system, both at the level of a specific educational organization and at the level of the Russian state. The scientific hypothesis of the theoretical study is the position that the Teacher's pedagogical skills, his professional and personal qualities, educational and educational technologies that he uses are fundamentally isomorphic to the quality of education reflected in the qualities of the Student's personality (education, upbringing). As research methods, the theoretical analysis of more than 100 works by A.I. Subetto and other authors is used from the position of applying the principles of isomorphism of professional and personal qualities of a Teacher in the educational, educational process of a Student. As a result of the theoretical analysis, 7 main positions of the Russian scientific qualimetric school in the field of education and personality are identified.

Scientific relevance. The clinical effects and the expiration of patents for original (reference) biotechnological medicines based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) stimulated the development of biosimilar mAbs. The quality profile of a biosimilar mAb should correspond to the quality of the reference medicinal product. When demonstrating biosimilarity and determining the activity of medicines as part of batch quality control, analysts should study the biological properties of mAbs using suitable reference standards. The lack of international standards (ISs) makes mAb manufacturers use in-house reference standards. There is a risk of obtaining non-uniform quality and efficacy data because of the use of in-house reference standards, the heterogeneity and structural complexity of mAbs, and the relationship between the biological activity and efficacy of mAbs.Aim. This study aimed to analyse the relevance of and need for ISs for the biological activity of biotherapeutic mAbs and to define the role of reference medicinal products and ISs in assessing biosimilarity and testing medicines throughout their lifecycle.Discussion. This review covers the issues arising from the lack of ISs for assessing the biological activity of mAbs and the role and significance of reference products and ISs for biosimilars. The authors describe the specifics of studying the biological properties of mAbs and summarise the data on the need to develop and use ISs for the standardisation of biological tests. This review presents the results of studies on the first ISs established by the World Health Organisation to assess the biological activity of mAbs; these results suggest the need to standardise mAbs using ISs to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of mAb therapy.Conclusions. The use of ISs for mAbs plays a key role in harmonising biological activity assessments. Publicly available ISs serve as primary standards for the calibration of secondary reference materials. Moreover, ISs are required for the harmonisation of activity evaluation (in IU) between laboratories and for the consistency of the activity of various medicinal products from different manufacturers that share the same INN. The use of ISs by mAb manufacturers will contribute to ensuring the quality of mAbs and clinical monitoring of the effectiveness of their use.

The objective of this paper is to explore a multidisciplinary problem-solving team investigating a customer-reported failure using an Ishikawa diagram with a spreadsheet for prioritizing and tracking investigation actions in a manufacturing organization. A case study methodology is used with the actions taken to investigate a customer-reported failure explained. The highest priority failure hypothesis was found to be unrelated to the failure. Two medium-rated hypotheses were found to be causing the problem; leakage was occurring at the connection between two components due to a diameter deviation of one of the components. Identifying and prioritizing hypotheses from the Ishikawa diagram provided structure to the investigation and gave the investigation team leader a tool for tracking the investigation actions. This approach is suitable for all types of failure investigations in which an Ishikawa diagram is used to list hypotheses.

Introduction. Scientific reasoning for improving the organisation of cancer prevention and the providing onco-dermatological care to the population in the conditions of the public health system development. Materials and methods. The article includes the method of system approach as well as bibliosemantic, epidemiological, medical and statistical, sociological, expert assessment, content analysis, structural and logical analysis, modelling methods. Sources of information are the data from scientific literature, the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health Care of Ukraine, the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine, the sociological research among various groups of participants in providing healthcare services and strategic documents of the national and international levels. Results. Unfavourable trends in skin malignancies spread, an increase in their contribution to the burden of the disease and the imperfection of the organisation of skin cancer prevention and the onco-dermatological care to the population were revealed. According to the principles of the state policy and the recommendations of the international organisations the directions of improving the preventive, therapeutic and diagnostic services were reasoned out on the basis of the data from the scientific literature, epidemiological research, spread, locational, gender and age peculiarities of skin cancer among the population, risk factors for their development, estimating the health care resource support, scale and results of the activities, studies of the patients, doctors and health care professionals' opinions. The modern functional-organisational model of the prevention system and control of skin cancer in the conditions of the public health system development with the definition of its principles, structures and functions was reasoned and worked out. Conclusions. The practical implementation of the measures for improving the prevention organisation and therapeutic and diagnostic work to fight skin cancer and the developed functional and organisational model of the system of prevention and control of onco-dermatological pathology in conditions of the public health development will effectively prevent onco-dermatological diseases, reduce the burden of skin cancer, improve people’s health and health care performance indicators and contribute to the health care sustainable development and the population’s well-being.

The article outlines a brief historical background on the introduction to cultivation, distribution and breeding of spring durum wheat in the steppe and forest-steppe regions of Eurasia (the countries of the former USSR: Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan). The approaches and methodology for improving durum wheat during certain scientific selection periods are given. The features of the selection program implementation and the breeding scale expansion during the creation of breeding stations at the beginning of the XX century, after the end of the Great Patriotic War, in the second half of the XX century, and at present are considered. A characteristic according to the main features and properties of varieties created in different periods is given. The achievements of the classical breeding method by comparing old and new varieties are analyzed. The efficiency and rate of wheat selection by periods in different regions of Russia is estimated. The results and methods of breeding for yield, resistance to drought, leaf diseases (Stagonospora nodorum Berk., Septoria tritici (Roeb. et Desm.), Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker, Pyrenophora tritici repentis (Died.) Drechs., Fusarium sp., Puccinia titicina Eriks., Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks., Blumeria graminis (DC.) f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal), grain pathogens Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.) and pathogens causing darkening of the corcule and endosperm (Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker, Alternaria tenuis (Nees et Fr.), Аlternaria triticina (Prasada & Prabhu)), pests (Cephus pygmeus Lens, Osinosoma frit L., Mayetiola destructor (Say)), grain quality (protein content, amount of yellow pigments, dough rheology, sprouting resistance) and end products are presented. The prospects for the molecular marker application for a number of traits in breeding in the near future are given.

This study sought to ascertain the general perceptions regarding the significance attributed to various passenger motor vehicle brands among Generation X, a demographic group that constitutes most car purchasers. The research was carried out in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, where data was gathered from four higher education institutions. A study was conducted utilising a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional research design. The survey method was employed to collect data from a sample of 400 individuals affiliated with a university as either staff or students belonging to the Generation X cohort. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics by means of the SPSS version 23. The research examined distinct brand dimensions, specifically focusing on factors associated with quality, value, personal and group identity, status, and family traditions. The results of this study indicate that a significant proportion of the participants expressed agreement with the notion that their selection of a vehicle brand was influenced by factors such as perceived quality, value, individual and collective identity, social status, and family traditions This study could provide valuable insights to scholars, professionals in the industry, and motor vehicle brand manufacturers, enabling them to develop a comprehensive comprehension of the challenges faced within the industry, academia, and consumer domain pertaining to the perceptions surrounding various motor vehicle brands. Moreover, the results of this research can serve as a valuable tool for identifying a more suitable marketing approach to enhance consumer attitudes towards automotive brands.

In studying language modern linguistics takes into account the users’ personality and their role as interpreters, arguing that language does not only convey a person’s knowledge of the world in one format or another, but also interprets it in a certain way. The leading role of the anthropocentric factor in linguistic research, as well as focusing on the cognitive and linguistic mechanisms of meaning construction makes the problem be discussed in the study up-to-date and significant one within the framework of the cognitive-discursive paradigm. The authors put forward an idea of conceptualinferential analysis as a new research method which can be effectively applied to language data within the framework of a cognitive study of language. The aim of this article is to substantiate the possibility of using this method in modelling the processes of interpretation and representation of world knowledge in language. The application of the method of conceptual-inferential analysis is illustrated by the example of quantitative interpretation of quality in language as a complex mental processing of quantitative-qualitative relations in the world. Based on the analysis of the linguistic means of the quantity concept representation, the article gives a deeper insight into processes of quantitative interpretation of quality, describes the repertoire of potential inferenced qualitative meanings and demonstrates their dependence on the cognitive context. In addition to the proposed method, the authors also use other research methods and techniques of conceptual analysis and conceptual-definition analysis. The evidence data (12000 examples) is retrieved from the works by modern authors. The integrated application of conceptual-inferential and conceptual-definition analysis methods reveals a high interpretive potential of quantitative meanings in representing quality in language. It also helps identify cognitive mechanisms of the quantitative-qualitative meanings construction, and to detect various types of knowledge available to an individual as an interpreter of quantitative-qualitative relations and their representation in language.

As a rule, modern confectionery products have added nutritional value, which makes them functional products. As a popular snack, biscuits are a promising object for fortification with functional ingredients. This article introduces a new formulation for biscuits fortified with soy protein. The research featured crushed soy protein obtained using a patented technology (patent No. 2218816). The experimental biscuits included a mix of wheat flour with 2.5–15.0% soy protein. The control sample was represented by commercial biscuits of the Arktika brand. Physicochemical and other quality indicators were determined by standard methods. The isoflavonoid test involved high performance liquid chromatography with methanol:water eluent. The experimental biscuits had a higher nutritional value; the absorption indicator fell from 196 to 172%. The crude gluten content dropped from 30.7 to 28.4%. The optimal content of soy protein in the new formulation was below 7.5% of the total mass of wheat flour. A higher mass fraction brought the absorption index below the standard value (˂ 170%) and spoiled the porosity and brittleness. Compared with the control sample, the nutritional value of the experimental sample improved as follows: protein – by 21.6%, fat – by 14.1%, minerals – by 11.1%, isoflavones – by 140.8% (from 4.83 to 11.63 mg/100 g). Total carbohydrates dropped by 6.5%. The formulation demonstrated good prospects for industrial production. The new biscuits with soy protein can be classified as functional food: compared to the conventional biscuits, the recommended daily intake (100 g) for phosphorus increased from 11.7 to 20.1%, vitamin E – from 12.6 to 18.0%, for isoflavones – from 9.6 to 23.2%.

Sourdough bakery products have a wide range of tastes and aromas, an extended shelf-life, and other benefits that are important for food producers and consumers. Recent years have seen a growing research interest in the microbiome of bakery sourdoughs. The research objective was to generalize, systematize, and analyze modern data on spontaneous fermentation starters, their production methods, and their role in the technological process at modern bakeries. The study featured domestic and foreign monographs, research articles, and patents related to various aspects of the production and commercial use of spontaneously fermented baking starters. The search covered publications indexed in PubMed and eLIBRARY.RU in 2000–2022. The sources were selected based on such indicators as completeness, consistency, reliability, and relevance. The obtained data were analyzed and systematized in line with the method of apperception and holography. The analysis focused on the factors that affect the microbiome of baking starter cultures, in particular, spontaneous fermentation. Another aspect included the effect of the raw materials used at the stage of breeding spontaneous fermentation starter cultures on their quality indicators. The transformation of bioactive compounds in the process of sourdough fermentation proved to be an increasingly relevant research matter. Food producers are looking for more effective tools to develop bakery products with specific nutritional properties, e.g., lower glycemic index, increased content of bioactive nutrients, reduced acrylamide content, low gliadin allergenicity, etc. The isolation and profiling of microorganisms included in the microbiome of spontaneous fermentation sourdough cultures is of practical interest because new strains might produce starter cultures intended for various target audiences.

Hibiscus sabdariffa L., also known as edible roselle, belongs to the Malvaceae family and is native to West Africa. In Nigeria, its dried petals are processed by boiling and filtration into a non-alcoholic beverage called Zobo. Commercial Zobo often includes artificial sweeteners that improve its taste. As a result, local food science needs new formulations with natural and health-beneficial sweeteners. The research objective was to produce a Zobo drink with different blends of date fruit juice as a natural sweetener, as well as evaluate its proximate, physicochemical, and sensory properties. The control Zobo drink (Zcon) involved an artificial sweetener. The ratios of Zobo to date juice were 90:10 (ZD10), 80:20 (ZD20), 70:30 (ZD30), 60:40 (ZD40), and 50:50 (ZD50). The samples underwent proximate and physicochemical analyses, as well as a sensory assessment on a nine-point hedonic scale. The physicochemical analysis showed that Sample ZD50 with the 50:50 ratio had the highest pH (3.5) and sugar content (9.5°Bx) while the control sample had the lowest pH (2.5) and sugar content (0.9°Bx), with all samples showing significant (p ≥ 0.05) differences. The proximate analysis also showed a wide range of results (p ≥ 0.05). The control sample demonstrated the highest moisture content (97.0%) whereas Sample ZD50 had the highest ash and lipid content of 0.8 and 4.8%, respectively. Sample ZD50 also had the highest protein (2.23%) and crude fiber content (2.49%). Sample ZD40 with the 60:40 ratio had the highest carbohydrate content. In terms of mouthfeel and taste (p ≥ 0.05), the control sample demonstrated the highest scores while the lowest score belonged to Sample ZD10 with the lowest proportion of date juice. The best results for general acceptance belonged to the control, followed by ZD40 (60:40) and ZD50 (50:50). Date juice proved to be an effective sweetener that improved the nutritional profile of Zobo. However, the sensory analysis showed that consumers preferred the control sample with the artificial sweetener.

Scientific relevance. Medicinal products formulated as aerosols and sprays are increasingly used in clinical practice, which makes the control of their quality, including microbiological testing, a highly topical issue. The current regulatory standards for microbiological testing of medicines provide little information on the quality control of metereddose aerosols. Proper microbiological sampling of these medicinal products can be difficult because of their primary packaging. The specialised analytical procedures set forth in international standards require verification and standardisation before use. Medicinal products in the form of sprays, despite being free from the disadvantages of aerosols, are more susceptible to the risk of microbial contamination.Aim. The study aimed to describe specific aspects of sampling, to analyse the results of microbiological testing of aerosols and sprays, and to study the spectrum of microbial contaminants in these dosage forms.Materials and methods. The authors retrospectively analysed the microbiological quality and sterility data for 181 batches of sprays, aerosols, and other inhalation dosage forms. The data were obtained at the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products of the Ministry of Health of Russia in 2020–2022. The Microbiology Laboratory tested the dosage forms according to the specifications provided by the manufacturers. The analysts used well-established testing procedures outlined in the current pharmacopoeias of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union.Results. The microbial counts exceeded the acceptable limits in 2.8% of the batches tested. The authors identified the microbial species that contaminated the medicinal products found to be non-compliant with regulatory requirements. Most of the non-compliant sprays that contained benzalkonium chloride as an antibacterial preservative were contaminated with Burkholderia cepacia complex species.Conclusions. The authors consider it relevant to conduct research aiming at using the findings on potential contaminants to improve microbiological testing procedures for aerosols and sprays.

Introduction. Due to the increased incidence of measles in Russia and in many other regions of the world, vaccines for the measles prevention are especially in demand. Ensuring the quality of the measles vaccine for effective disease prevention is within the scope of the tasks of the state policy of our country. Objective. Evaluation of the experience of using a pharmacopoeial standard material of measles vaccine activity for measurement of the specific activity of the measles virus in vaccines with a measles component that are used in the Russian Federation for measles prevention. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the Pharmacopoeia reference material (PRM) of the activity of the live measles vaccine of series 10. The activity of PRM was analyzed when determining the specific activity of the measles, mumps-measles and combined vaccines for the prevention of measles, rubella and mumps, as well as based on the materials of the summary protocols for the production of these vaccines. Results. The titer of the measles virus in the PRM for each determination of the specific activity of the measles virus in vaccines in the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products in 20212022, as well as according to the summary production protocols, was within the boundaries of the certified value (4.63 0.5) lgTCD50/0.5 ml, and the test results met the acceptance criteria in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documentation. During the observation period, the average value of the PRM titer (4.61 lgTCD50/0.5 ml) practically did not differ compared to the average value of the certified characteristics of the PRM, the standard deviation of the mean value of the measles virus titer in the PRM did not exceed 0.15 lgTCD50, which indicated the stability of the analytical work at the enterprise and in IC. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the stable activity of PRM, the correctness of the determination of the measles virus titer in the vaccination dose of the vaccine, and the validity of the method for monitoring the specific activity of the measles virus in vaccines.

In a world of increasingly advanced technology and market turbulence caused by geopolitical turmoil and the spread of diseases of affluence, there is a growing need to adapt products and services to current market requirements in response to consumer expectations. The need to find its place in a constantly changing further and closer business environment has been also recognized in the agri-food sector. Consumers, looking for alternatives to industrially produced food and wanting to improve their well-being, have in mind, above all, not only the health quality of the food but also the absence of physical and chemical contaminants, and therefore, they are increasingly inclined to purchase organic food products. Under these circumstances, many Polish enterprises that choose this type of production are looking for solutions that allow them to respond quickly to changing consumer expectations. This paper first critically analyzes the scientific literature by compiling publications on aspects of enterprise agility to analyze issues related to quality assurance and its improvement as a manifestation of meeting customer expectations. This allowed for the identification of the research gap and formulation of the research objective, i.e. the assessment of the quality improvement activities as important problems of agility in Polish organic food processing. The main part of the empirical research was conducted in 2021-2022 using a questionnaire dedicated to entities involved in organic food production. The research was comprehensive in nature. The questionnaire was distributed to the entire population surveyed whereas the amount of the results leads to the conclusion that the sample is representative. Statistical analysis and inference were carried out using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA-Kruskal-Wallis, and U-Mann-Whitney tests.

The safety issues of road transport operation have been relevant for more than 125 years. During this time, the vision of the essence and ideas about the principles and methods of ensuring road safety (traffic safety paradigms) have changed several times in the world scientific community. The purpose of this article is to present to the scientific community a new, developing entropy approach to assessing the quality of traffic safety system management. The need to use entropy approaches is dictated by the awareness of two main circumstances: the extreme variety of forms, composition and, ultimately, the complexity of transport systems, as well as the low effectiveness of using traditional modeling methods in assessing the quality of large and complex systems, which include traffic safety systems. The use of the entropy approach in the field of traffic safety management is very innovative for Russia. Already quite traditional for other spheres of human existence, the methods of entropy assessment of systemic organization are unfamiliar to transport specialists. In this regard, it should be noted that the entropy approach allows solving those tasks in the field of traffic safety that are inaccessible to conventional tools. An example of such tasks can be a quantitative assessment and comparison of the quality of management of regional traffic safety systems. This is especially important for improving the quality of federal traffic safety management, in particular, for improving goal-setting and subsequent financing of the relevant regional traffic safety programs. This is the practical significance of the author’s ideas. This article presents a method for quantifying the Relative entropy Hn of regional traffic safety systems; comparison and explanation of different levels of organization of traffic safety systems in the Orenburg region and the Republic of Tyva; an entropy classification of regional traffic safety systems in Russia by levels of system organization is presented (2021); an attempt was made to philosophically comprehend the results obtained. The results presented in the article are intermediate. The ideology of using the entropy assessment of system organization can be used not only in relation to such an important aspect of the functioning of transport systems as traffic safety, but also to the identification of other system properties, such as efficiency and quality.

Sudan grass is characterized by drought and heat resistance and is the best among annual and perennial bluegrass feed crops by the content of the main nutrient element - protein. The aim of the research is to evaluate 200 accessions and varieties of Sudan grass according to productivity and quality of green mass, to identify the sources of valuable traits and their correlation. The study was carried out in the Rostov region on ordinary carbonate black earth (chernozem). The collection of Sudan grass was evaluated in 2016-2019, of which contrasting weather conditions were characterized by 2017 (HTC = 0.85) and 2018 (HTC = 0.34). There were identified varieties and accessions that exceeded the standard variety Alexandrina according to green mass yield by 17.0-56.3 % (K-311, V-51/2, Chernoplenchataya 10, Alisa, K-187, Gratsiya, etc.); in terms of dry matter content – above the standard by 4.0-8.3 % (K-141/1, K-348/2, Svetloplenchataya 1, ‘Chernosemyannaya 191) and dry matter yield – by 26.4-60.5 % (Chernoplenchataya 10, Alisa, K-187, etc.). The sources of high content of crude protein include samples of the collection K-237, K-349/1, Topolek, K-311, K-161ch, Sudanka 24, Rossiyanka (14.82-16.13%); fiber - K-176/2, Ozornitsa, K-265/2, K-10257, etc. (38.8-40.4 %). The identified samples have been recommended for use in hybridization to develop new highly productive varieties and hybrids with high quality green mass. As a result of correlation-regression analysis, a weak negative relationship was established between the yield of green mass of Sudan grass and the content of crude protein in it, with an increase in protein content by 1 %, the yield decreases by 93.8 g/m2.

Relevance and methodology. Currently, due to changing weather conditions, the cultivation of melons and gourds is shifting to areas that were not previously engaged in melon growing. Therefore, the testing of available varieties in various environmental conditions is relevant. The purpose of this work is to evaluate melon varieties bred at the Bykovskaya melon breeding experimental station in various soil and climatic conditions. Three varieties of melon were used as the object of research. The tests were carried out in the conditions of the Volgograd region, the Krasnodar region and the Republic of Kazakhstan. During the research, the melon varieties were evaluated according to the following indicators: yield, duration of the growing season, dry matter content.Results. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the variety Harmonia was the most stable in terms of the duration of the growing season (75-79 days). A consistently high content of dry matter in all areas of the study was in the varieties Comet and Idyll from 12.0 to 15.0%. All varieties had a good tasting score. The average fruit weight of all melon varieties grown in Krasnodar and the Volgograd region was at the same level. The high average weight in the conditions of Kazakhstan was distinguished by the Idyll variety - 4.3 kg. The melon varieties Harmoniya and Idyllia have a consistently high yield in all three zones. The variety Kometa had the highest yield in the conditions of Kazakhstan - 16.3 t/ha. Thus, melon varieties that have been tested in different regions of cultivation have high quality indicators and yields and are suitable for growing marketable products in the regions of the study.

Rheological processes are associated with irreversible residual deformations and flow of various plastic and viscous materials, stress and relaxation phenomena. In the food industry ingredients, semi-finished products and finished products have different rheological properties. These properties depend on various factors: substance composition, humidity, temperature, intensity and duration of thermal and mechanical effects. Study and application of various combinations of such effects in production can provide a given level of rheological characteristics throughout the entire technological process, which will stabilize product quality, increase yield and obtain finished products of constant, specified quality.The purpose of the research was to study the rheological properties of semi-finished products from a composite mixture of wheat and sorghum flour.The objects of the research were samples of semi-finished products containing 10, 20, 30, 40% of sorghum flour. The control sample contained 100% wheat flour of the highest grade.Mixolab device was used during testing to determine the water absorption capacity of the composite mixture, the rheological properties of the dough during kneading and heating. The state of the proteinproteinase (at temperatures from +20 to +50°C) and carbohydrate-amylase (at temperatures from +60 to +90°C) complexes of the baking mixture was studied on one sample of the sem-finished product.It was found that samples containing sorghum flour had a more stable dough, compared with the control sample, that was indicated by an increase in the dough stability time from 10,93 to 11,62 minutes. Also, with an increase in the amount of sorghum flour in the baking mixture from 10 to 30%, the starch retrogradation index decreased to 4,99 H*m in comparison with the control one – 5,71 H*m, which indicated an increase in the freshness time of the finished product.The results of the research can be used to create recipes for new products; development of technologies for the production of bakery, flour confectionery products; determination and quality control of finished products and semi-finished products.

The increase in the elderly population has several impacts on various aspects of life, such as social, economic and health. Moreover, various physical, cognitive and psychological changes occur in older people in the health field. Besides, life expectancy and quality of life are also significant for older people. The main goal of this study was to determine the elderly quality of life in Jeulingke Health Center Banda Aceh. This quantitative descriptive study involved 100 older adults. Data were collected through simple random sampling. The data collection tool used was the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL) concept questionnaire, which consisted of 4 domains: biological, psychological, social, and environmental. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that 59% of respondents had a high quality of life, with 52% having a high biological domain, 56% having a high psychological environment, 57% having a low social field and 57% having a high environmental part. It is hoped that the Head of the Jeulingke Community Health Center in Banda Aceh can improve the quality of life of older people through a group mentoring program for elderly families.

The purpose of the article is to assess satisfaction with quality of long–term stationary social care system for elderly population in the Stavropol Territory, as well as to identify problem areas in its functioning and form a set of management solutions to eliminate them. The paper analyzes the results of a sociological study having been conducted from January to July 2022. It has confirmed a high level of satisfaction with quality of the system by the elderly as well as employees of the pilot institutions of the region. The sample size of the study is 440 respondents. Such research methods as analytical method, secondary analysis, anonymous written survey, statistical methods of data processing, and graphical methods of presenting the data obtained have been used.

The results of studies of the formation of operational groundwater reserves in fractured crystalline rocks of the Nemyrivs’ke deposit using mathematical modeling are presented. The choice of this research method is due to the fact that water availability is determined by the nature and degree of rock fracturing. The purpose of the work was to determine the potential opportunities for providing the population of the city of Nemyriv with reliably protected drinking groundwater, including through additional exploration and development of prospective areas identified according to geophysical data. Using the modern hydrogeological model created for the first time, based on the results of solving inverse problems, the hydrogeological parameters of the water exchange system were specified, and the functional correspondence of the created model to natural and anthropogenic conditions was proved. A predictive assessment of operational reserves of drinking groundwater has been carried out and the potential for their possible increase has been shown. The influence of predictive water withdrawal on the environment is assessed and issues related to the quality of drinking groundwaters are considered. The last of the above is very important, based on a certain ecological problem associated with the infiltration of polluted water from ponds on the left bank of the Ustya River, as well as city wastewater discharged into the bypass canal in the area of sanatorium “Avangard”. As a result, the authors recommend conducting groundwater exploration in promising areas upstream of the Ustya River from the city of Nemirov (Nemyrivs’ka and Mukhovets’ka), as well as in the valley of the Pivdennyi Buh River (Buz’ka, Sheludkivs’ka).

Relevance. For a more complete realization of the biological potential inherent in the culture and directly in each variety, in the agrotechnology used, separate elements are used that contribute to more effective plant development. This should include the use of biological preparations that are not only able to stimulate and regulate the growth and development of plants, but are also safe for the environment. In this regard, the research results presented in this paper are relevant and timely.Materials and methods. In our study, we studied the effect of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds and its (processing) aftereffect on grain quality indicators and seed sowing properties. The early-ripening variety of spring soft wheat Iren was taken as an object of research. The subject of the study is biological preparations, their effect and aftereffect during pre–sowing seed treatment on the formation of grain and the quality of the seed material of the crop.Results. Studies have revealed differences in the intensity of the effect of presowing seed treatment with biological preparations and the aftereffect of treatment on the quality indicators of spring wheat grain. The aftereffect of the drugs increased the protein content in the grain. The maximum protein content in the experiment was obtained in variant 2 (the preparation was obtained by the method of VAG based on pine needles (HS 22)) – 17.0%.The gluten content in the grain in variants of experiments 2 and 3 was formed above 32%, which corresponds to the 1st class. The maximum gluten content in the grain was obtained in variant 2 (HS 22) – 41.8% in experiment 3 (aftereffect). The vitreous content of the grain in all variants of experiments 2 and 3 is higher than 60%, which makes it possible to classify the grain to the 1st class. A higher level of grain nature was obtained on variants with the aftereffect of drugs. Grain on the variants of experiment 3: control, 3 (LP 4), 8 (Cytohumate), 9 (Lignohumate) with grain in kind above 750 g should be attributed to the 1st class.

The purpose of the study is to develop effective ways to solve the problems of managing the quality of the loan portfolio of the Ukrainian banking sector in the context of the financial crisis caused by the russian-Ukrainian war. In the course of the study, such scientific methods as fundamental provisions of the credit portfolio theory, multifactor regression analysis, extrapolation, trend analysis, mathematical programming, etc. have been used. A methodical approach to the study of contemporary problems and prospects of loan portfolio quality management under martial law, consisting in modelling the profitability of the Ukrainian banking sector, taking into account the quality of the loan portfolio, has been proposed. This approach is implemented by constructing a two-factor power regression equation; forecasting with the establishment of confidence intervals and the development of 3 forecast scenarios (realistic, pessimistic and optimistic); solving the target function to maximize the profit of the banking sector, taking into account the restrictions formed on the basis of forecasting results. A power model of dependence of Ukrainian banking sector profitability on the volume of loan portfolio and non-performing loans has been built and its statistical significance has been established on the basis of official statistics for 2012–2022. It has been determined that an increase in the volume of the bank loan portfolio by 1% leads to an increase in bank income by 3.1%, while an increase in the volume of non-performing loans by 1% leads to a 0.28% reduction in revenues of the banking sector of Ukraine. The loan portfolio and NPL series have been extrapolated to 2023–2025, which is consistent with the medium-term, as long-term projections would be unreliable under martial law and deep recession. According to the results of medium-term forecasting and optimization, it has been proved that the maximum growth of bank revenues by 60.4%, compared to 2022, is possible with an increase in the loan portfolio by 18.9%, a reduction of non-performing loans by 26% and a reduction of their share in the loan portfolio by 13.9%. It has been justified that the key condition for maximising bank revenues is the soonest termination of the russian-Ukrainian war and further expansion of effective government concessional lending programs. In particular, the effectiveness of the state program “Affordable Loans 5–7–9%”, which provided 19% of the bank loan portfolio in Ukraine and became a key mechanism of anti-crisis business support both during the COVID-19 pandemic and during the large-scale invasion from 2022 during the russian-Ukrainian war, has been substantiated.