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Sunflower meal is a promising source of protein, which can be used as a food ingredient in the formulations of meat, flour and confectionery products. Alkaline extraction technology is traditionally used to obtain sunflower protein, but its efficiency can be increased using physical methods: ultrasound, microwave radiation, extraction at high pressure and others. Thу article deals with an application of the ultrasonic treatment for increase of the efficiency of protein extraction from defatted plant material: from the protein fraction of sunflower meal and from sunflower meal. The trial samples for protein extraction were prepared by the preliminary treatment of the samples in the ultrasonic bath for 15 minutes at a frequency of 40 hertz at temperature 24-28° C. The control sample was not subjected to such pretreatment. Then protein was isolated from the raw material by alkaline extraction followed by isoelectric precipitation. The possibility of the protein preparation isolation with a higher crude protein content (93,66% m.f.b) compared to the control sample has been shown. The mass yield of protein was 64% of its content in the raw material. The influence of ultrasonic treatment on the efficiency of protein extraction from raw material with different crude protein content is demonstrated. The results of the study show the feasibility of usage of ultrasound treatment in isolation of sunflower protein. In particular, the crude protein content in the trial protein sample after ultrasonic treatment was increased by 8,23% compared to the control sample. The obtained results demonstrated their consistency when compared to the results of other studies. However, there are only a limited number of studies on the use of ultrasound in the extraction of sunflower derived products.A comparison of the results obtained showed their consistency with the results of other studies. However, there are only a small number of studies on the use of ultrasound in the extraction of sunflower processing products.

Lipin-1 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved family of proteins and is expressed predominantly in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. On the one hand, lipin-1 is an enzyme that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol (DAG) and thus participates in the metabolic pathways of biosynthesis of storage lipids in the cell, membrane phospholipids, and intracellular signaling molecules. On the other hand, lipin-1 is able to be transported from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and is a coactivator of lipid metabolism gene transcription. It was shown, using the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations, that the lipin-1 coding gene (LPIN1) is a promising candidate gene for milk production traits in Holstein and Brown Swiss cows. However, it is unclear how much of its effect depends on the breed. The Yaroslavl dairy cattle breed was created in the 18–19 centuries in Russia by breeding northern Great Russian cattle, which were short and poor productive, but well adapted to local climatic conditions and bad food base. It was shown by whole genome genotyping and sequencing that the Yaroslavl breed has unique genetics compared to Russian and other cattle breeds. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of alleles and genotypes of three SNPs in the LPIN1 gene and to study the association of these SNPs with milk production traits in Yaroslavl cows. Blood samples from 142 cows of the Yaroslavl breed were obtained from two farms in the Yaroslavl region. Genotyping of SNPs was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Associations of SNPs with 305-day milk yield, fat yield, fat percentages, protein yield, and protein percentages were studied from the first to the fourth lactation. Statistical tests were carried out using a mixed linear model, taking into account the relationship between individuals. We identified three SNPs – rs110871255, rs207681322 and rs109039955 with a frequency of a rare allele of 0.042–0.261 in Yaroslavl cows. SNP rs110871255 was associated with fat yield during the third and fourth lactations. SNP rs207681322 was associated with milk yield for the second, third and fourth lactations, as well as protein yield for the third lactation. Thus, we identified significant associations of SNPs rs207681322 and rs110871255 in the LPIN1 gene with a number of milk production traits during several lactations in Yaroslavl cows.

The biochemical component (protein content and fat content) of soybean seed, yield and fat and protein yield significantly depends on weather conditions and variety. It was found that the protein content in soybean seed, on average over two years of research on new varieties can vary from 36.1 to 44.4 %. Khana, Lenka and Alaska varieties have the highest proteincontent in soybean seed – 43.4–44.4 %. Protein content significantly depends on the weather conditions of the study year. Thus, soybean varieties of Kofu, Siberia, Volta, Asuka, Arisa, Khana, Lenka and Alaska, grown in 2020, have this figure 10–19 % higher than in 2019. In the seeds of Nordica, Carra, Kyoto, Ezra, Amadeus and Taurus soybean varieties, the protein content is 4–10 % lower. On average, over two years of research, the fat content in soybean seeds varies from 18.9 to 21.7 % depending on the variety. Only three out of 14 soybean varieties have the fat content ≤ 20.0 % – Khana, Alaska, Arisa. In seeds of other varieties, this figure is ≥ 20 %. Weather conditions reduce the fat content in the seeds by 7–20 % depending on the variety. Studies have shown that soybean seed yields vary significantly depending on the soybean variety. Thus, on average over two years of research, this figure varies from 1.30 t/ha in Amadeus variety to 1.88 t/ha in Siberia one. The highest yields (≥ 1.70 t/ha) were formed by Arisa, Volta and Siberia varieties. However, this figure varies greatly depending on the weather conditions of the study year. Thus, in a more favourable 2019, the yield is from 1.65 to 2.41 t/ ha, depending on the soybean variety. Moisture deficiency and small reserves of moisture in the deeper layers of the soil reduce seed yield from 0.95 to 1.35 t/ha or by 1.7–3.7 times, depending on the soybean variety. Two soybean varieties (Arisa, Siberia) have the highest protein yield at the level of 706–721 kg/ha. The highest fat yield was obtained by Siberia growing – 415 kg/ha. Under the conditions of the Right Bank forest-steppe, for stable formation of high protein yield in different weather conditions, it is necessary to grow Arisa soybean variety which has high protein content and high seed yield, and Alaska variety which has high protein content in seeds. In addition, in the best hydration years it is able to form a high fat yield. Volta, Asuka, Khana and Lenka varieties should be grown in years with sufficient moisture, as they provide the highest protein yield. These varieties should also be grown to obtain a high fat yield under the best moisture conditions. Siberia soybean should be used to produce fat in different weather conditions.

In 2016-2018 in the competitive variety testing there was conducted the study of peas on the fields of research crop rotation of the laboratory of legumes breeding and seed-growing of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” located in the zone of unstable humidity of the Rostov region (Zernograd district). The analysis of the obtained seeds was carried out in the laboratory of biochemical estimation of breeding material and grain quality of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. The objects of research were new pea lines of breeding of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”, which differed in their morphological, biological and economically valuable traits and properties. During the years of research, the meteorological conditions of the vegetation period of peas were contrasting, which made it possible to objectively estimate the lines in the climatic conditions. In the competitive variety testing for the period of 2016-2018, the evaluation of new promising pea lines due to their productivity and protein percentage resulted in identification the leafless pea lines “G-1002” and “G-1003” which exceeded the standard variety “Aksaisky Usaty 5” in productivity (0.30 and 0.39 t/ha) and protein yield (0.08 and 0.10 t/ha, respectively). There is a high correlation between seed productivity and protein content (0.95). There is a low correlation between protein percentage in seeds and protein yield (0.35). There is no correlation between productivity and protein percentage in seeds (0.03). The analysis of correlations shows that pea breeding on productivity directly affects on protein yield, i. e. the larger seed productivity, the larger protein percentage. The most productive pea lines are going to be used in further breeding work.

The article provides the results of complex estimation of 11 perspective composite hybrid and poly-cross populations of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) conducted in competitive variety trial of 2014-2016. The winter hardiness of the new varieties created by the authors, duration of growing season, plant height, number of leaves per plant, fodder production by cutting and years of use, leaves yield, and quality of dry matter (total and digestive protein yield) have been determined. Immunological estimation of the varieties by degree of development of leaf diseases and root rot was done. By complex of economic-valuable traits early populations GPF-83-2/4, GPR-41-4, GPF-122-2, GPF-49-3 and middle-ripening SGP-188 have been selected. The varieties combine high winter hardiness (93.9.100%) at the level of standards (st.) Trio and Dymkovsky, fodder production (sum yield of dry matter of early varieties - 18.27.19.88 t/ha (+1.79.3.40 t/ha to the st. Trio), middle-ripened SGP-188 - 21.3 t/ha (+2.72 t/ha to the st. Dymkovsky), of raw protein - 2.88.3.01 t/ha (+0.31.0.44 t/ha) and 3.52 t/ha (+0.62 t/ha)), fodder quality (yield of digestive protein - 2.00 .2.08 t/ha (+0.22 .0.30 t/ha) and 2.47 t/ha (+0.46 t/ha), respectively) with stable seed yield capacity (4.10.4.99 dt/ha in average for 2 years) and age plant resistance to root rots.