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The modern system of high-quality nutrition for the population includes the use of natural compounds from secondary products of animal origin. In the course of scientific substantiation of using secondary products from the processing of cephalopods, dried products from the skin of Pacific (Todarodes pacificus) and Commander squid (Berryteuthis magister) have been studied, their protein and amino acid composition and functional and technological characteristics have been analyzed. In samples from the skin of the Pacific squid, a high content of glutamic and aspartic acids (8–10 %) is noted; in samples from the skin of the Commander squid – glycine (20 %), proline (10 %) and arginine. High indicators of solubility, water-holding capacity and stability of foam structures are due to the significant content of type I destructured collagen (in a sample from the skin of Commander squid), and hydrophilic amino acids and type III collagen fragments (in a product made from Pacific squid skin). Infrared drying of products promotes denaturation and gelatinization of collagen in the skin of Commander squid, which is confirmed by the brighter color characteristics of the samples and high moisture-binding capacity when the temperature rises to 40 and 60 °C; this fact indicates an increase in the hydrophilic properties of the products of destruction of collagen fractions. Products made from skin, which is a secondary product of squid processing, have high potential for use in the food industry as water-retaining, fat-binding, and fat-emulsifying components.

Yaks are the large herbivorous ruminants that live in high mountain pastures at altitudes from 2,000 to 4,000 m above sea level. This environment is quite harsh, and yaks calmly tolerate extreme cold — down to minus 40 ºС. The main food of yaks are herbaceous plants, the vegetation season of which in a cold mountain climate is short, about 3–4 months, and therefore they feed mostly on wilted pasture, which is, in principle, sufficient for these animals. At the end of winter, when the amount of pasture feed decreases, the animals become malnourished and lose weight. Therefore, yak farmers often face the need to feed their animals in winter. A complete ration of an animal, along with other factors, has a significant impact on the composition of milk and its productive ability. The aim of the work is to study the chemical composition, in particular the protein fraction, of the milk of yaks living in the mountainous regions of Kyrgyzstan in comparison with the milk of yaks from different regions of the world. The object of the study was milk of yaks inhabiting the highland regions of Naryn province of Kyrgyzstan. Samples were collected and tested according to standard methods. Studies have shown that the milk of yaks from the Kyrgyz population contains more protein (5.66%) than milk from yaks in the mountains of China, Russia and Mongolia (4.95, 4.55 and 5.3%, respectively). Milk we studied is high in amino acids such as methionine, lysine, proline, phenylalanine, and alanine. Seasonal (spring, summer) changes in the protein composition (whey proteins, casein proteins), amino acid profile, total nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen of yak milk were also studied. The total content of amino acids in the milk of Kyrgyz female yaks is noticeably higher in spring (6189.96 mg/100 g) than in summer (5101.47 mg/100 g). The research results presented in this article showed that the milking season and the associated feeding ration of yaks affects the composition of milk, which is associated with the nutritional value of grass feed and its nutrient content. Spring milk contains more proteins and amino acids than summer milk, which is due to the high protein content of plants in the spring period before the flowering phase. Milk of Kyrgyz yak with proven high nutritional and biological value is an alternative to cow milk.

Meat is an inherent part of human diet. Its quality develops at different stages of production, storage, and processing. In this respect, the stage of aging is especially important. This technology makes it possible to regulate biochemical processes in meat raw materials. Long-term dry aging is a promising method that presupposes conditions that limit the growth of microorganisms. The transformations in the protein component are an important but understudied aspect of meat quality formation during dry aging. The research featured Hereford beef carcasses of Siberian breeding. The samples were isolated from the inner part of bone spinal-lumbar cuts after 21, 35, and 42 days of dry aging under the following conditions: 0–1°C, 74–75% relative humidity, 0.5 m/s air velocity. The samples were subjected to dry aging after 24 h at 4°C. The fractional composition of proteins was controlled by vertical electrophoresis in a Mini-Protean Tetra System chamber. The amino acid composition was defined by high-performance liquid chromatography in a Shimadzu LC-20 Prominence liquid chromatograph with a Shimadzu SPD20MA diode-matrix detector and a Kromasil C-18 separation column. The protein digestibility was measured by sequential exposure to pepsin-trypsin proteinase system under simulated gastric digestion. Long-time dry aging triggered proteolysis under the action of endogenous enzymes. The electropherogram analysis showed that the proteolytic changes in high-molecular myofibrillar proteins of high-quality beef became more pronounced after a longer maturation period. The distribution of protein fractions by dry aging stages indicated a different rate of degradation of contractile, regulatory, and cytoskeletal proteins. As a result, the structural integrity of muscle fibers degraded, the meat grew tender, and the proteins became more available to digestive enzymes. The amino acid and protein digestibility analyses in vitro demonstrated an increase in the nutritional value of beef and the availability of proteins to the action of proteinases after 42 days of dry aging. Long-term dry aging of high-quality beef increased the digestibility of muscle proteins as a result of proteolysis that accompanied the accumulation of low-molecular fractions. According to the amino acid analysis, the optimal result was most pronounced on day 42 as proven by the moderate oxidative changes in proteins.

In practical terms, the idea of using an artificial magnetic field is of particular interest, which corresponds in its physical characteristics to the geomagnetic field of the Earth to combat the negative effects of hypogeomagnetic field. Further development of this idea is associated with the use and selection of hypo-, hypermagnetic fields acting on the body with experimental pathology. In this regard, the issue of influence of different duration of irradiation with an alternating pulsed electromagnetic field of ultra-low frequency (APEMF ULF) on the indicators that characterize metabolic processes in the body is insufficiently clarified. Therefore, the aim of research has been to study the effect of alternating pulsed electromagnetic field of ultra-low frequency on protein content and protein metabolism in the body of experimental chickens of the Dominant D959 cross. For this purpose, four experimental and control groups of 120-day-old chickens have been formed – 20 heads in each. The poultry has been kept in a specially equipped room with an alternating pulsed electromagnetic field of ultra-low frequency. The total protein content has been determined by the biuret method; protein fractions (albumins, globulins: alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, gamma) – by diffuse polyacrylamide gel (PAAG) electrophoresis; the content of creatinine, urea and uric acid has been performed by spectrophotometry using standard techniques. According to the results of research, it has been established that by selecting different regimens and duration of action of APEMF ULF, it is possible to influence protein metabolism in the body of chickens. Thus, on the 80th day of continuous irradiation of experimental chickens with APEMF ULF, regardless of the level of protein in the diet, in their blood revealed an increase in total protein, the relative content of globulin fraction mainly due to γ-globulins, and an increase in creatinine, urea and uric acids. When the period of continuous irradiation has been increased to 5 months, a negative effect on protein metabolism has been revealed, which has been manifested by a decrease in total protein content, relative albumin content, decrease in creatinine, urea and uric acid in the serum of experimental chickens. The combination of long-term (for 150 days) daily 60 minutes with weekly intervals of irradiation of chickens with APEMF ULF and their feeding with a 15% increase in protein levels in the diet caused a stimulating effect on protein metabolism and resistance of experimental chickens, with increasing, the relative content of globulins due to the γ-globulin fraction, as well as the main indicators of protein metabolism – creatinine, urea, uric acid.

Purpose. Investigate the effect of melacryl on biochemical and immunological parameters of red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) and polar fox (V. Lagopus L.). Materials and methods. For the research the medication Melacryl was used that was developed by the employees of AO “Inpolimed” in cooperation with the Research Institute of fur farming and rabbit breeding them. V.A. Afanasyev (USSR author’s certificate No. 1579489). For the experiment animals were taken from the breeding farm OOO “Vyatka”, Slobodskoy district, Kirov region. The animals are bred in captivity to obtain valuable winter fur. 4 groups were formed for carring out of the experiment: experimental and control group of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) and experimental and control of arctic fox (V. Lagopus L.), in each group there were (n=10 animals). Melacryl (produced by the Kazan Biofactory) was implanted in June according to the instructions for use of the preparation – 10 mg per head into the skin fold of the neck by using a special syringe – implantagor. Laboratory studies were carried out in the laboratory of the FBGNU VNIIOZ them. prof. B.M. Zhitkov. Research methods. Protein fractions in the blood serum were identified according to the nephelometric method of V.Ya. Antonov et al., lysozyme activity of blood serum were identified according to the method of VG Dorofeychuk. The activity of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), glucose, total blood serum protein were defined with a semiautomatic biochemical analyzer “Biochim SA” (USA, 2019) by using reagent kits from High Technology (USA, 2019). Bactericidal activity of blood serum were defined according to the method of T.A. Kuzmina. the opsonization was carried out according to the method to A.S. Labinskaya. The Streeter’s numerical index was used to assessment the opsonization reaction. The obtained digital data were processed on an IBM personal computer by using the statistical software package “Statgraphics” and “HG”. The assessment of the reliability of the statistical indicators of the samples was carried out by to the Student’s t-test. The reliability criterion (P

In the study of proteomic profiles of proteins, many scientists stop at the stage of obtaining the final data of the experiment in the form of gels. They have got no information on the possibilities and prospects concerning the application of modern computer and bioinformatics resources that allow to convert the result from qualitative to quantitative form. The use of computer technology allowed to save the recorded images and carry out the calculations with chromatograms using digital video images.Densitometry with the use of video technology is characterized by high calculation speed and low cost of consumables. Digitally archived chromatograms may be used at any time for a number of applications including calculation.Thus, the “manual” bioinformatics analysis allows not only to use different densitometer software for conversion and storage of gels in digital form, but also to quantitatively interpret the results obtained.This paper presents the methods for practical application of bioinformatics tools in the interpretation of protein profiles obtained by one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis and converted into digital image. The aspects of the quantitative interpretation of electrophoretograms from one-dimensional electrophoresis (1DE) and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) resulting from the studies of muscle tissue of farm animals are reviewed. Examples of various calculation software usage are given. The work in this direction will allow to considerably expand approaches for identification and quantification of protein markers related to quality, functionality and safety of food raw materials and finished products and to carry out metrological examination of the results for confirmation of product compliance.

The purpose of this study was comparative analysis of normal biochemical composition of synovial fluid of knee and elbow human joints. Studies were performed on synovial fluid samples of 33 cadavers of suddenly dead people of both sexes (26 men and. 7 women) at the age of 23 to 79 years, without articular pathology registered by expert. We didn't reveal reliable differences of albumen-globulin coefficient, but there were differences in contents of albumen fractions, products of oxide peroxidation of albumens. At the developement of pathological process cast of albumen in synovial fluid is possibly the compensatory reaction in providing of synovia viscosity, because albumen component provides this function on level with hyaluronic acid. Knee joint is an hinge joint, that is meant to bend only in one plane. Biomechanics of elbow joint is much more complicated and. is described as "ginglymoid hinge" with abduction-adduction besides the joint is much smaller. Obtained results can be used as normative values of biochemical synovial fluid indexes in orthopaedic and. trauma practice