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The question of the textual functioning of mythonyms in the poetic heritage of I.A. Bunin is raised. The relevance of the topic is due to the interest of linguists in the problem of artistic text-building, in particular the author’s preference in vocabulary selection, as well as the unresolved issue of modeling Bunin’s onomasticon. The purpose of the study is to describe the textual connections of mythological names, through which meaningful and conceptual information is explicated and a subtext is formed. The research material included the scientific edition (by Professor T.M. Dvinyatina) of I.A. Bunin’s poetry, from which 272 units were extracted by continuous sampling. The factual material was systematized and interpreted with the descriptive, taxonomic, quantitative methods, contextual analysis, modeling. Standing out against the background of different layers of the Bunin’s vocabulary, mythological names interact with each other, with other semantic subgroups of onyms, appellatives, attributive and verbal vocabulary. The author notes that mythoanthroponyms and theonyms have the richest syntagmatic connections. Contextual synonymy is found in demononyms, mythoanthroponyms, mythopersonyms, mythoponyms and theonyms; and contextual antonymy is found in mythoponyms and mythopersonyms. The intertextual nature and the precedent level determine the associative connections of Bunin’s mythonymicon units. It is concluded that the textual functioning of mythonyms is determined by I.A. Bunin’s intention to overcome the particularization of cultural worlds and create such an individual author’s mythopoetic space where images and plots already familiar to readers are constantly enriched with new meanings. The prospects of the work include the study of Bunin’s prose mythonymicon and the textual connections of mythonyms in it, which will allow to create a consistent onomastic model of Bunin-writer.

n prezentul articol am realizat un studiu complex a aspectelor practice privind aplicabilitatea jurisprudenței CtEDO la judecarea căilor de atac în cadrul procesului penal. Lucrarea conține analiza aspectelor teoretice și practice ce vizează soluționarea problemelor procesuale prin apelare la practica Curții Europene a Drepturilor Omului, abordând în cadrul procesului penal importanța precedentului CtEDO și determinarea necesității de aplicare a acestuia. Articolul evidențiază importanța aplicării precedentului Curții Europene, ca izvor de drept în cadrul procesului penal, fiind analizate premisele și consecințele aplicabilității jurisprudenței CtEDO la judecarea căilor de atac.

Prezentul articol este un studiu complex al aspectelor practice privind impactul jurisprudenţei CtEDO asupra soluţionării cauzelor penale. Lucrarea conţine analiza aspectelor teoretice și practice ce vizează soluţionarea chestiunilor procesuale prin apelare la practica Curţii Europene a Drepturilor Omului, abordând în cadrul procesului penal importanţa precedentului CtEDO și determinarea necesităţii de aplicare a acestuia. Articolul evidenţiază importanţa aplicării precedentului Curţii Europene ca izvor de drept în cadrul procesului penal, fiind analizate premisele și consecinţele aplicabilităţii jurisprudenţei CtEDO.

This article introduces the phenomenon of intentionality in media texts with a precedent phenomenon in the headline. The author studied the way intentionality develops, functions, and structures itself. Journalists often incorporate precedent phenomena into the media text to demonstrate their intention and creativity. However, the intentional nature of online texts is a major text-forming feature that makes the sender choose particular linguistic means to affect the addressee. The intentional potential of using precedents from different subject areas in media texts showed the following trends: the corpus of precedents expands, and precedent units redistribute themselves relative to the core and periphery.

Introduction. Until today, the prevailing opinion is that precedent did not play a significant role in the legal system of Rome. However, a number of sources, in particular the papyrus entries of judgement which record the provincial legal practice in Roman Egypt in the period from the 1st to the 3rd centuries, say otherwise. The significant role of precedent in the legal system of Rome is also evidenced with the texts of M. Tullius Cicero, M. Fabius Quinctilian, Pseudo-Asconius, G. Julius Victor. Theoretical analysis. The study of these texts makes it possible to understand what terms the Romans used to denote an authoritative judicial decision, what semantic content they put into them, and how close this content is to the modern idea of a judicial precedent. To designate a court decision that becomes a model, and which judges will be guided by when considering other cases with similar circumstances, Roman talkers use the terms res iudicata, praeiudicium, and exemplum. The precedent, in its classical sense, contains the fundamental legal provisions formulated by the judge in relation to this case, which are usually denoted by the term ratio dicendi. The question arises whether the decision of the court in Rome could establish these legal principles followed by other judges. Empirical analysis. The answer to this question can be obtained by considering the case of the so-called Fulcinian Estate. Being the representative of Caecina in this case, Cicero warns the recuperators against accepting the arguments of his opponent, Piso, based on the legal consequences of their possible decision. Thus, in this case, the judges could issue a decision containing a new legal principle, formulate a generalized legal position in relation to this case. Results. Court decisions in the legal system of Rome had the power of authority. They possessed it for a reason, due to the generalized legal reasoning or legal principles formulated by the judges in relation to the situation under consideration. That is why they became precedents. There were many such court decisions in Rome, they had sufficient authority and contained certain legal principles that judges applied when considering cases with similar circumstances.

The description of the history of early Rome (VIII-IV centuries BC) in the works of ancient authors is usually perceived as a mythological legend, which shifts the focus of scientific discussion to assessing the degree of reliability of the events being told. As a result, the normative-value and legal significance of ancient legends sufficient attention of researchers. The oral and therefore naturally plastic nature of archaic law creates additional difficulties for its modern study, in contrast to numerous and well-studied legislative texts. The author proposes to refer to modern types of legal understanding and turn down strict positivism with the aim of expanding the boundaries of legal analysis, rethinking the legend (on the example of Lucius Junius Brutus), recognizing it as a source of Roman law, and reconstructing its criminal law content. For this purpose, using socio-psychological, historical-legal, formal-logical and other scientific methods, the author singles out that part of the story that was not lost, but was steadily reproduced from generation to generation. The surviving core of the legend remained in history because it carried socially significant information modeling of behavior (behavioral stereotypes) of the ancient Romans. The article shows that children`s execution by the first republican magistrate not only legitimized the right of paternal power (patria potestas), but also proclaimed the priority protection of the public interest (civitas) that became the cornerstone of the Roman legal order. The legend set a special imperative for citizens, shaped their worldview and sense of justice. From the criminal law standpoint, this precedent fixed the standard of both prohibited behavior and retribution for it, i.e., a measure of justice, broadcast the requirements of the inevitability and personal nature of responsibility, laid foundation for the requirement of legal equality of all citizens before the law. Ultimately, the legend set the vector for the development of Roman criminal law, which led to the formation of its principles, many of which are accepted and developed in modern legal systems.

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the metaphorization of toponyms in Russian and Arabic. During the study, more than 1350 articles using metaphorical toponyms were analyzed using the methods of comparative analysis, contextual analysis, descriptive analysis, and quantitative analysis. Studying the works of different researchers on toponyms proved that any toponym has some kind of cultural component, which contributes to the metaphorization of some toponyms. When metaphorizing toponyms turn into symbols. Russian and Arabic journalists metaphorize toponyms, since the metaphor not only expresses the attitude of the author, his assessment of this or that phenomenon of reality, but also influences the reader’s opinion. Toponymic metaphors evoke many additional associations and awaken the cultural memory of the addressee. Some toponyms are subject to deonymization, which is manifested in their writing with a lowercase letter and the use in the plural. According to our observations, the largest group of our material is represented by those toponyms that are associated with war events, which is a natural result of the relevance of the topic “War” in the life of any nation. The toponyms of our material are usually accompanied by territorial, temporal and so on characteristics.

În prezentul articol este cercetat conceptul executării hotărârilor CtEDO de către autoritatea naţională judiciară cu definitivarea raţionamentelor de aplicare a precedentului judiciar în cadrul procesului penal. Totodată, au fost abordate premisele de utilizare a jurisprudenţei ca izvor de drept în cadrul procesului penal cu relevarea particularităţilor executării hotărârilor CtEDO în cadrul procesului penal. Prin cercetarea efectuată a fost realizată o investigaţie complexă a aspectelor teoretico-legislative privind executarea hotărârilor CtEDO în cadrul procesului penal în calitate de izvor de drept. În lucrare sunt formulate concluzii şi recomandări care pot constitui un fundament ştiinţific pentru eventuale modificări legislative. În prezentul studiu a fost identificat rolul Curţii Europene şi al Consiliului Europei în vederea asigurării executării şi respectării hotărârilor CtEDO de către autorităţile judiciare naţionale. De asemenea, studiul denotă rolul activ al puterii judecătoreşti în procesul implementării şi executării hotărârilor Curţii Europene în Republica Moldova

Objective: to carry out a legal and dogmatic analysis of the legislative structure of the “conflict of interests” concept and its constituent categories in order to ensure the applied tasks of effective law enforcement and prevention of corruption risks determined by a conflict of interests.Methods: the dialectical approach to the cognition of socio-legal phenomena, which allows identifying the unity of opposites in the legal categories that form the conflict of interests concept; the formal-logical method of scientific cognition, presented in the legal-dogmatic analysis of legislative norms; the method of operationalization of concepts.Results: the conducted comparative legal research, expressed in a combination of methods of analysis and synthesis of legal categories aimed at obtaining comparative knowledge, allows correlating their content with respect to the “conflict of interests” concept in proportion to the goals of law enforcement. A legal and linguistic analysis of legal categories has been carried out, the totality of which forms the content of the “conflict of interests” concept. Abstract and definite norms of categories are highlighted in the context of the proof necessary to ensure their connection (presence and absence) with legal facts.Scientific novelty: the term “normative ‘tiered structure’” was introduced into the scientific circulation of legal science, which comprehensively reflects the operational definition of the complex socio-legal phenomena described in composite legal categories. The theoretically presented phenomenon of the normative “tiered structure” conflict of interest in the discreteness of its constituent concepts and dispositive legal categories causes high risks of distortion or erroneous interpretations. These risks are formed out of court, initially registered in the decisions of the conflicts of interest settlement commissions. Prevention of such risks is ensured not only by the involvement of experts who, in addition to legal knowledge and professional-industry knowledge, also have moral and ethical foundations, the bearers of which are the arbiters of precedent law enforcement.Practical significance: the main provisions of the article can be used in practical activities to provide evidence of de jure manifestations of a conflict of interests. The revealed regulatory collisions and the incomplete legal regulation of public relations in the sphere of “personal interest” require improving the anti-corruption legislation in terms of simplifying the concept used for law enforcement purposes.

Background. The object of research is the processes of development, testing and intended use of existing and promising space assets. The subject of the study is ways to improve the quality of functioning of automated control systems during state tests of samples of space assets. The aim of the work is to develop a decision support system that allows automating the process of parrying emergency situations when testing promising samples of space assets. Materials and methods. When developing a decision support system, the main attention is paid to the formation of a structural scheme of the database and the possibility of using the method of reasoning based on precedents. Results. An approach to the implementation of a decision support system using a mechanism of reasoning based on precedents in the expert diagnostics system is proposed. This approach makes it possible to monitor the technical condition of space assets in a timely and more qualitative manner and makes it possible to make adequate decisions in order to resolve problematic situations. Conclusions. The developed decision support system helps to reduce the information burden on the official in the decision-making process, to reduce the influence of subjectivity factors in analyzing the current situation, to increase the efficiency of decision-making at the stage of testing space assets while monitoring their technical condition. The proposed device is proposed to be used to automate the processes of test analysis and operational search for the resolution of abnormal and emergency situations when testing promising space assets.

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Objective: to study the innovative activity of the judicial authorities of the Russian Federation.Methods: dialectical approach to the cognition of social phenomena, which determined the choice of the following research methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal, and sociological.Results: the article attempts to comprehend the court activity as creative activity introducing many novelties to the interpretation of factual circumstances, to the understanding of legal values, and to the implementation of the latter. A court decision is always innovative to the extent that it introduces a novelty into the law and fact interpretation, to the extent that it gives an answer to a question that allowed for different decisions, and to the extent that it removes the existing uncertainty. The level of innovativeness depends on the state of actual circumstances, the level of established judicial practice, the novelty and degree of certainty of legal norms, the sufficiency of legislative regulation, as well as on the competence of a particular court. Courts are often producers of scientific ideas, political and legal concepts, legal and moral principles of law. In this case, the mutual connection between legal science and practice is emphasized. On the one hand, it is judicial practice that feeds the development of the legal sciences, and on the other hand, this practice itself is constantly fertilized by the intelligence of scientific research addressed to it.Scientific novelty: innovations in court decisions are permissible if they meet the general requirements of constitutionalism, are made within the framework of the substantive law and do not go beyond the authorities of the relevant body. Various court decisions are innovative to varying degrees, but they do not lose their other positive qualities if innovation is viewed only in a subjective light in relation to the given circumstances and given participants in public relations. Recognition of the innovative nature of judicial activity at the theoretical level requires the full-fledged legal recognition of judicial precedent as a source of Russian law.Practical significance: the conclusions and provisions of the article can be used in scientific, legislative and law enforcement activities, the educational process of educational organizations of higher education.

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Введение. Прецедентность представляет собой весьма значимое явление для современной лингвистической науки. Прецедентность и прецедентные феномены изучаются лингвистами в различных аспектах и сферах. Исследуется прецедентность в политическом дискурсе. Целью является сопоставительное исследование национально-прецедентных феноменов, функционирующих в русскоязычном политическом дискурсе, а также в переводе на английский язык. Задачи исследования состоят в определении методологии, осуществлении отбора материала и определении наиболее адекватных способов перевода прецедентных феноменов русскоязычной культуры на английский язык. Материал и методы. Методология исследования основывается на теории когнитивной лингвистики с применением методов когнитивного моделирования, дискурсивного анализа, сопоставительного анализа. Для отбора материала исследования использовался метод сплошной выборки. При обобщении, систематизации и анализе материала применялся также описательный метод. Материалом исследования послужили тексты выступлений В. В. Путина, опубликованные на официальном сетевом ресурсе Президента РФ. Результаты и обсуждение. В результате проведенного исследования было обнаружено, что политический дискурс является весьма продуктивным для создания национально-прецедентных феноменов в силу своей специфики. Прецедентные феномены в политическом дискурсе обладают своей спецификой, как правило, источником прецедентности служит сфера политики либо исторические события конкретной национально-культурной общности. Прецедентные феномены в политической лингвистике сравнительно недолговечны. Наиболее часто они представлены прецедентными текстами, именами и высказываниями. При переводе национально-прецедентных феноменов для создания эквивалентного перевода применяются конкретизация, поиск фразеологических эквивалентов и аналогов. В некоторых случаях прецедентность при переводе полностью утрачивается, но в любом случае для интерпретации национально-прецедентных феноменов необходимы знания о национально-специфичных культурных источниках прецедентности. Заключение. Таким образом, национально-прецедентные феномены представляют собой значимую характеристику политического дискурса, служат связующим звеном между адресатом и адресантом, придают живость и образность речи в политическом дискурсе. С другой стороны, их национальная специфика служит дополнительной сложностью при переводе и часто требует наличия некоторых экстралингвистических знаний для их дешифровки и адекватного восприятия.

În prezentul articol am cercetat aspectele teoretice și practice ce vizează rezolvarea chestiunilor de control judiciar prin apelare la practica Curții Europene a Drepturilor Omului, determinând în cadrul procesului penal național a naturii juridice și etalarea raționamentelor de aplicare a acesteia. De asemenea, am abordat perspectivele de utilizare a jurisprudenței ca izvor de drept în cadrul procesului penal cu relevarea particularităților și avantajelor aplicabilității jurisprudenței CtEDO în cadrul procesului penal. Prin cercetarea efectuată a fost realizată o investigație complexă a aspectelor teoretico-legislative privind aplicabilitatea jurisprudenței CtEDO în cadrul procesului penal în sfera realizării controlului judiciar la faza urmăririi penale. În lucrare sunt formulate concluzii și recomandări care pot constitui un fundament științific pentru eventualele modificări legislative.

The Author provides the results of a comparative analysis of two classically differentiated by legal scholars national legal systems – the American and Russian systems. Obviously, the announced legal systems represent two of the main categories of legal systems: common law and Roman law. Considered traditionally as part of common law, the Author investigates distinctive attributes of American federal and state law, proving the fact of integration of significant features of Continental Europe and Anglo-Saxon legal systems. The article also contains an analysis of the legal nature of the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights and its distinguished place as a precedent (which is the main common law attribute) and source of law in the Russian Federation.

The article focuses on the problem of expert examination of electronic educational resources (EER), which present complex information and pedagogical systems as they are, from a viewpoint of searching and resolving inconsistencies between their components. To look for contradictions we propose the PN-method as a tool, which originates in the theory of solving inventive problems and is a further systemic development of its most famous part regarding a deal with inconsistency in innovative solutions. The choice of the PN-method is made due to its logical rigor and great potential for solving creative problems. These factors qualitatively distinguish the method from previously known approaches applied to similar problem situations that are based on other methods of identifying and resolving a narrow circle of inconsistency. The adaptation of the terms “contradiction in space” and “a contradiction in time” to expert examination of EER is explained. We also describe algorithms of searching for inconsistencies based on the PN-method in information and pedagogical systems, consider inconsistencies in the complete didactic cycle of mastering learning material presented in the EER, taking into account all the significant components of the teaching process and cause-effect relationships between them. The article exhibits tools for resolving inconsistency using methods based on the counterargument procedure and the technology of training on precedents, as well as examples of their use in practice.

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Aim. To establish the linguistic features characteristic of intertextual inclusions in diary discourse, thematically united by an appeal to history and the perception of historical events by a linguistic person, and the ability of this kind of intertextual inclusions to convey emotions.Methodology. Several interdependent research methods were used: contextual, lexico-stylistic, discursive, linguocultural, statistical. The analysis showed the presence of an increased emotive involvement of the authors in the changes taking place around them, as evidenced by the extended range of means of expression and their convergence.Results. It was revealed that the social role of the “Historian” has a special tool for advancing in the flow of speech (“they-communication”) and a special way of using the intertestal references as means of expression.Research implications. The study contributes to the expansion of views on the nature of the intertext and its emotive mode, as well as to the possibility of using the proposed approach in classes on analytical reading, discourse theory and text interpretation.

Aim. The study of textual parts with interchangeable speech subjects in diary discourse to determine their ability to render the emotive state of the narrator.Methodology. Multiphase discourse analysis, including contextological, liguo-culturological, quantitative phases.Results. It is stated that the social role “writer” represents a sophisticated linguistic phenomenon, which possesses significant semantic and functional potential and neither in its form, nor in its contents can be confined to simple uniform construct.Research implications. The study shows that the change from one theme to another significantly increases the emotiveness and meaning of the text as a whole. An additional conclusion is that this type of intertextual insertions may be used as a relevant characteristic of language personality, and may contribute to the development of language theory by laying the foundation to a new branch - interdiscoursive characterology.

The article is devoted to the study of the tools of intertextuality in the discourse of social advertising. Despite the high interest of researchers to the problem of the intertextual interaction the question of the mechanism of intertextuality in advertising, including social, is still not fully lit, especially as the advertising is dynamic and each new day provides ample material for research. The novelty of the research is determined by the author’s study of modern tools of intertextuality in the discourse of social advertising, the main objectives of which consist in formation of system of values in the mass consciousness, the adjustment of the value priorities and benchmarks, translation of socially approved behavioral patterns. That’s why social advertising needs the non-stereotypical representation of its object - social ills and values. Special attention is paid to the typology of the tools of intertextuality in the texts of social advertising and the functional load of each of the considered types. As the basic functions of intertextual inclusions in the discourse of social advertising the author identifies attractive and persuasive ones as the most important and regularly implemented. As secondary functions, aesthetic, game and delimitation ones are highlighted. Suggested classifications are accompanied by examples of Russian and foreign social advertising.

The article deals with the intellectualization process of vehicle monitoring through the use of decision support systems for diagnostics of technical condition of vehicles on the basis of precedents. A generalized architecture of a tool program complex to seek solutions on the basis of precedents is proposed. A tool design precedents library is used in intelligent decision support system prototype solutions to meet the challenges of expert diagnosis and operative management of complex objects.

Objective: to develop conceptual-theoretical provisions and scientific recommendations for the implementation of judiciary decisions in the legislation of the Russian Federation. Methods: universal dialectic method of cognition, as well as the general scientific and private research methods based on it. Results: the necessity to analyze the fundamental (precedent) judicial decisions for the possible implementation of the legal positions of courts into legislative acts. The problem is not confined to the perception of provisions created by the constitutional (charter) courts. The paper shows the main directions of future activities on the implementation idea. The operation of the Department is shown, which was created at the Institute for Legislation and Comparative Law at the Government of the Russian Federation, entrusted with the relevant functions. Scientific novelty: the mechanism of implementation of judiciary decisions in the Russian legislation has been developed and introduced into scientific circulation. Practical significance: the findings of this paper can be used in scientific, legislative and law-enforcement activities, and the educational process of institutions of higher education.

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The paperaddresses the implementation and application of the the principle of criminal procedure enshrined in law – that of a reasonable term of criminal proceedings, which appeared in federal law in 2010, in Article 6.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation as the implementation of the requirements of the European Court of Human Rights on compulsory inclusion of effective remedies for violations of procedural deadlines in all stages of the criminal processin Russian legal system. The study analyzes the concept of reasonable term, the reasons for its legislative recognition, and its role in improving the institutions of criminal justice in the context of judicial decisions of ECHR and in Russian jurisdiction.

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