Search

В статье представлен историографический обзор научной литературы по историиАдаевского восстания 1870 года на полуострове Мангышлак (современное название — Мангыстау). Представители казахского рода адай проживали на полуостровеи стали основной движущей силой восстания. Целью статьи стал анализ немногочисленных исследований и материалов по обозначенной теме дореволюционного, советского и настоящего времени. Интересно, что именно дореволюционная литература стала в наши дни основным источником для изучения истории восстания. Это работыН. П. Глиноецкого, В. А. Потто, Н. А. Середы, П. Л. Юдина. В советский периодистория восстания была описана в изданиях по общей истории Казахстана: «Очеркахпо истории Казахской ССР» М. П. Вяткина (М., 1941), «Истории Казахстана с древнейших времен до наших дней» под редакцией М. Абдыкалыкова и А. Панкратовой(Алма-Ата, 1943). Тогда же вышла в свет работа М. С. Турсуновой «Казахи Мангышлака во второй половине XIX века» (Алма-Ата, 1977), в которой освещена историяАдаевского восстания. По настоящее время этот труд остается наиболее полным научнымисследованием по истории полуострова Мангышлак XIX века. Несомненнымдостоинством монографии является документальная база, основанная на архивныхисточниках Казахстана и России. В новейшей казахстанской и зарубежной научнойлитературе нет специальных работ по истории Адаевского восстания, что позволяетсделать вывод об актуальности исследования данного вопроса., This article presents a historiographic review of scientific literature on the historyof the Adayev uprising of 1870 on the Mangyshlak peninsula (the modern nameof Mangystau). The uprising was named Adayevsky from the Kazakh clan Adai, wholived on the peninsula and became the main driving force of the uprising. The purposeof this article was to analyze the existing pre-revolutionary literature, scientific researchof the Soviet period and the latest works on the history of the uprising. The analysisof the historiography of the history of the Adayev uprising of 1870 showed that the historyof the Adayev uprising is not very extensive in the scientific literature. An interestingfact is that it is in the pre-revolutionary literature that a number of works are devotedto the history of the uprising, which have now become the main sources for studyingthe history of the uprising. These are the works of N. P. Glinoetskiy, V. A. Potto,N. A. Seredy, P. L. Yudin. In the so-called Soviet period, the history of the uprising isdescribed in publications on the general history of Kazakhstan: essays on the historyof the Kazakh SSR, the history of Kazakhstan from ancient times to the present day, editedby A. M. Pankratova. But it was during this period that the work of M. S. Tursunova“Kazakhs of Mangyshlak in the second half of the XIX century” (1977), in which the historyof the Adayev uprising is consecrated. To this day, this work remains the most completescientific study on the history of Mangyshlak, on the history of the uprisings of the Kazakhsof the 19th century peninsula. The undoubted merit of the work is the documentary baseof the monograph from among the archival documents of the archives of Kazakhstanand Russia. In the latest Kazakh and foreign scientific literature, there are no special workson the history of the Adayev uprising, which allows us to conclude about the relevanceof studying the history of the uprising., ВЕСТНИК МОСКОВСКОГО ГОРОДСКОГО ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. СЕРИЯ: ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ, Выпуск 3 (43) 2022

In order to obtain the missing data on the magnetostratigraphy of transitional layers between Sarmatian and the Maeotian parts in the Eastern Paratethys, the authors studied the Upper Sarmatian ― the Lower Maeotian deposits in the Panagia Cape section (the Taman Peninsula, Russia) using petromagnetic and magnetostratigraphic methods. The Panagia Cape section is located on the Black Sea coast of Taman Peninsula. The total thickness of the studied sediments is about 29 m. The section is composed mainly of clays characterized by weak magnetization. Natural remanent magnetization is caused mainly by monoclinic pyrrhotite. Magnetic anisotropy was studied in order to substantiate reliability of the results. Comparison with the ATNTS 2012 magnetochronological scale shows that the studied transitional layers between Sarmatian and Maeotian parts probably correspond to the 4n, 3Bn and 3Br Сhrones. The obtained results agree with biostratigraphic and radiometric data.

Ornithopod dinosaur Riabininohadros weberae from the Upper Cretaceous (upper Maastrichtian) of the Crimean Peninsula (Besh-Kosh) shows a set of primitive characters of hind limbs observed in iguanodontids and basal ornithischians and is referred to as Styracosterna indet. The second dinosaur specimen from Crimea (Aleshino) is a fragmentary skeleton, including cervical and dorsal vertebrae. It possibly belongs to advanced iguanodontids or primitive hadrosauroids. Thus, in the Maastrichtian of the Crimean Peninsula, at least two dinosaur species coexisted.

The role of microorganisms and plant phytocenoses in self-cleaning of the soil cover of the Absheron Peninsula from hydrocarbon pollutants is compared and estimated. The phytotoxicity of soil samples contaminated with oil and oil products is studied with respect to test cultures, the number and biomass of microorganisms in these samples, and the assimilation capacity of phytocenoses. It is found that the process of complete assimilation of hydrocarbon substances in the gray-brown soil prevailing in the peninsula, with a degree of pollution of 10%, can be about 19-23 years long. The amount of hydrocarbons absorbed by the phytocenoses of the region during the vegetation period is only in the range of 55-137 g per hectare. In the assimilation of hydrocarbons into gray-brown soils, the determining role belongs to hydrocarbon oxidizing microorganisms. It is necessary to develop and use soil remediation technologies in a controlled manner with optimization of their physicochemical properties and increase of their biogenicity, i.e. assimilation capacity in relation to hydrocarbon contamination.

Broknes Peninsula (the area of the Progress station, Larsemann Hills, Princess Elisabeth Land, East Antarctica) is characterized by the presence of well developed hydrographic network consisting of reservoirs located not only in the bedrock, but also inside the glacier thickness and on its surface. As a rule, most of them are dammed by natural snowice weirs, which are often destroyed during the Antarctic summer. As a result of this process, glacial water outburst may occur. In the course of the summer season of the 63‑th Russian Antarctic Expedition (RAE) intensive hydrological field observations were carried out for identification and comprehensive investigation of potentially outburstprone reservoirs located in close proximity to Russian and foreign stations and field bases (area of the Progress station and the field base Law-Racovita). The works included: the organization of temporary pile and depth-stick water gauge stations, mapping positions of the shoreline of lakes (reservoirs), bathymetric surveys of them, as well as field hydro-chemical express analyses. Based on the results of the level measurement, it was found that most of the lakes of the oasis are characterized by a sharp drop in the height of the water surface level associated with the breakthroughs. In particular, the authors witnessed the breakthrough of the Discussion Lake, which occurred on January 22, 2018. This resulted in decrease of the water level by 0.95 m. Based on the data of the bathymetric surveys, the morphometric (hydrometric) characteristics of the lakes were calculated and detailed grids (regular net of rectangular matrices, in the nodes of which some effective values of the mapped values are located) were formed for the following numerical modeling of hypothetical and real breakthroughs of water bodies and construction of estimated hydrographs.

The article examines the role of the cultural and symbolic image of Crimea in the formation of the region’s brand. The cultural resources that form the basis of the peninsula’s symbolic capital include unique events, historical sites of global importance, festivals and events in the region., В статье рассматривается роль культурно­символического образа Крыма в формировании бренда региона. В число культурных ресурсов, которые являются основой символического капитала полуострова, входят уникальные события, исторические достопримечательности с мировым значением, фестивали и мероприятия.

Aim. The work presents information on the habitat of a wolf (Canis lupus L., 1758) in the Crimea. The aim of the work is to identify the environmental characteristics of the distribution of the wolf in the Crimea and to estimate its population. Methods. We carried out a detailed study of literary sources, data from hunting inspection. Surveys among hunters and reserve staff members were also conducted. Results. In the 21st century, wolf-dog hybrids, originally came from the Black Sea region, begin to inhabit the Crimea, which is unacceptable for protected areas. In the modern history of Crimea, the number of wolves has been constantly growing since 2003, and now this predator has become an ordinary game species (13 districts and near 3 cities). Its population had been gradually increasing until 2011 (60 wolves hunted) and had decreased by 2014 by 15 hunted wolves. The number of wolves in Crimea can be estimated at around 90-300 individuals. Conclusions. The largest number of killed wolves was recorded in the east of the peninsula in the Leninskiy district and in the north, in the Dzhankoyskiy district. The absence of wolf species in the Karadag natural reserve caused an overpopulation of European roe deer, which is fraught with degradation of phytocenoses.

Background.The chances of fatal outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are exceeding 90%. However, the early initiation of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) substantially improves the probability of survival. The study was aimed to determine the extent of community CPR training, level of CPR knowledge, willingness and motivation to learn CPR among the population of the Crimea.Materials and methods.The representative sample of adult residents of the Crimean Peninsula (n=384) has been surveyed by means of individual structured interview from November 2017 to January 2018. The results were analyzed with social statistics.Results.According to the survey, 53% of respondents were previously trained in CPR. The training was performed mainly (82%) at work, school, college/technical school or university, or when acquiring a driver's license. The majority of females, people over 60, unemployed and retired, widowed and those with monthly income lower than 20,000 roubles are not trained. Of previously trained, 44% respondents attended a single CPR course, 72% were trained more than one year ago, 47% of participants had no previous training in CPR, mostly never thinking about the need to go for training. Being dependent from previous CPR training, the knowledge of CPR is generally poor: the proportions of correct answering as of the proper location and rate of chest compressions were 46% and 4%, respectively. Among the respondents, 56% expressed their willingness to attend CPR training. The main motivating factors to attend CPR training were awareness of importance of CPR training, potential health problems in relatives/friends and free-of-charge training.Conclusion.The Crimean population is insufficiently and non-uniformly trained in CPR, has limited knowledge of CPR and low motivation to learn. In order to increase the commitment of the community to provide first aid in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, mass CPR training programs should be implemented with active involvement of the least trained and motivated social strata.

The relations between Russia and the papal state in the first years of the Northern war are analyzed. Describes the background to the trip B. I. Kurakin in Rome in 1707, gives a brief overview of the contacts of the Russian state with the States of the Apennine Peninsula at the turn of XVII - XVIII centuries. The personal qualities of the first Russian Ambassador to the court of the Pope are evaluated. Particular attention is paid to the tasks and negotiations held by Kurakin during the execution of his instructions. The description of court ceremonial, diplomatic traditions of Rome is investigated. For a better understanding of the personality, mentality of Kurakin, the article considers the attitude of the Ambassador to the religious holidays of the Catholic state, the everyday life of the population, the ways of spending leisure time by the representatives of the Italian aristocracy. The interest of the Russian diplomat to the historical monuments of Rome, as well as other attractions is noted. The author comes to the conclusion that the trip to the Pope had a contradictory result. Because of the difficult international situation Kurakin failed to achieve support from the Holy see. On the other hand, the information he received enriched domestic diplomacy with valuable experience of relations with a foreign state, and the Russian society with knowledge of traditions and customs of one of the European countries.

Eighty five species of spiders belonging to 18 families are found in Taman Peninsula and Tuzla Island, from which 13 species were collected in Tuzla Island and 80 species in Taman Peninsula. The following species, Eratigena agrestis (Walckenaer, 1802), Singa hamata (Clerck, 1758), Devade tanella (Tystshenko, 1965), Lathys stigmatisata (Menge, 1869), Harpactea alexandrae Lazarov, 2006, Gnaphosa cumensis Ponomarev, 1981, G. leporina (L. Koch, 1866), G. ukrainica Ovtsharenko, Platnick et Song, 1992, Haplodrassus orientalis (L. Koch, 1866), Zelotes hermani (Chyzer in Chyzer et Kulczyński, 1897), Z. orenburgensis Tuneva et Esyunin, 2003, Centromerus abditus Gnelitsa, 2007, Sintula retrovesus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875), Stemonyphantes lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Agroeca dentigera Kulczyński, 1913, Liocranoeca spasskyi Ponomarev, 2007, Evippa apsheronica Marusik, Guseinov et Koponen, 2003, Pardosa italica Tongiorgi, 1966, Pulchellodromus medius (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872), Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875, Thanatus mongolicus (Schenkel, 1936), Heliophanus lineiventris Simon, 1868, Logunyllus vittatus (Thorell, 1875), Pellenes allegrii Caporiacco, 1935, Latrodectus tredecimguttatus (P. Rossi, 1790), Zodarion thoni Nosek, 1905 are recorded for Krasnodar Region for the first time. In addition, Tegenaria hasperi Chyzer, 1897 is a new record for the fauna of Russia.

The paper features the materials of exploratory studies conducted in 2018 on the northeastern tip of the Kerch Peninsula in the area of Osoviny settlement. The activities on the determination of the boundaries of Osoviny-I settlement resulted in the discovery of cultural layers in pit 3 above the layers of the ancient period (1st century B.C. – 3rd century A.D.) associated with a previously unknown settlement of the 13th – 15th centuries. The remains of 6 slab graves previously attributed to the 8th – 10th centuries were revealed in the immediate vicinity of the 3rd pit. Layers of the pit dated the 13th – 15th centuries contained architectural remains of a semicircular wall oriented in the eastern direction constructed with the use of clay mortar. The discovery allowed to suggest that the Late Medieval cemetery chapel was located at the site of research, and propose a new earlier dating for the remains of the slab burial ground. The revealed cultural layers of the 13th – 15th centuries allowed to localize a previously unknown village of the Golden Horde period on the coast of the Kerch Peninsula, which was given a reference name of Osoviny – Vostochnoye in the course of field work. The medieval name of the newly discovered settlement – Cubatuba - was established on the basis of an analysis of the contents of a Genoa document dated 1393. In the period of its existence Kubatuba settlement was presumably included in the rural outskirts of the town of Vosporo, part of the Genoese territory in the Northern Black Sea region – the Genoese Gazaria.

Climate warming in Svalbard, starting in the 1920s, caused a signifcant reduction in the mountain glaciation of the Nordenskjold Land. Te most extensive changes took place in the Western part of this territory due to the influence of the warm Spitsbergen current creating here the high temperature background. In addition, due to elevation of the level of the climatic snow line, many glaciers have actually lost the area of accumulation. From 1936 to 2017, the area of glaciers in the Western part of this region decreased by 169.5 km2 or 49.5%. Large valley glaciers and numerous small glaciers have lost the greatest area. Te relative losses of the area of glaciers were revealed to be proportional to sizes of them. In average over the past 80 years, glaciers with areas smaller 0.5 km² reduced by 76%, while big glaciers with areas larger 5 km2 – by only 34%. At present, there are 152 glaciers with a total area of 172.73±9.31 km2 in the Western territory of the Land of Nordenskjold (West of the Bolterdalen valley). According to the aerial photography of 2008–2009, the total area of glaciation of the Land of Nordenskjold covers 428 km2. High present-day rates of the retreating of local glaciers are apparently caused by extreme thinning of glacial tongues. At the same time, shrinking of glaciers located in the West of the Peninsula turned out to be more intensive than that of glaciers in its center. Although the Eastern territories receive less precipitation than glaciers near the coast of the Greenland Sea, the Eastern glaciers were found to be more resistant to reduction due to higher locations of them.

The problem of adequate and reliable evaluation of the economic and social potential of re-gions plays a key role in the successful actions of state authorities on their economic development. The historical retrospective shows that incorrect evaluation of economic potential and erroneous shaping of perspective branches may hinder the economic and social development of the region.The works on Crimea by Vasilii Zuyev and Carl Hablitz are well-known in historiogra-phy. However, researchers are usually interested in the “illustrative” materials of theses works, which concerned the “natural history” of the peninsula; fl ora, fauna, geographic and geological peculiarities. The author analyses the works by Zuyev and Hablits from the point of view of their practical use and profi t for the regional economy at the initial stage of the region integra-tion into all-Russia economic space. The author has found that the data on Crimea collected by Zuyev and Hablitz were rather superfi cial, with incorrect evaluations of the region’s economic potential and its natural re-sources, with overestimation of its benefi ts in comparison with risks and objective diffi culties of economic transformations. In spite of their obvious shortcomings, these works were published and widely spread among the literate audience, thus shaping a fair public opinion regarding the economic perspectives of the region among the potential colonists of Crimea: Russian land-owners, offi cials, retired military men, and others.The author comes to the conclusion that these researches often contained factual errors, thus giving readers and potential colonists incorrect ideas of the economic and natural wealth of this region.

The main aspects and directions of the regional policy of the European Union in the countries of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) in the beginning of the 21 st century are examined. The author analyses the socio-economic development of territories, explores the condition of such areas as environmental protection, culture and innovations support, development of international relations with countries and regions of the Middle East and North Africa in the framework of the neighbourhood policy. The problem of the effectiveness of the implementation of regional programmes in Spain and Portugal is raised. The programmes “Madeira - Azores - Canary Islands,” “INTERREG MED,” “Southwestern Europe,” “Programme of Cross-border Cooperation in the Mediterranean Basin” are characterized. The success of regional cooperation in this area is assessed. Projects and initiatives implemented by the European Union in the Spanish and Portuguese regions are listed: project for the development of Porto-Gondomar, project “CypFire,” project “MedPAN,” projects “МЕЕТ: the Mediterranean experience of ecotourism” and “SLOWMED: “slow” food as a means of dialogue in Mediterranean contexts.” Their impact on the socio-economic development of the area is analysed. It is concluded that Spanish and Portuguese regions are interested in achieving results within the framework of regional policy implementation and the strengthening of relations in the context of European integration.

Twenty seven species of grasshoppers are recorded for the territory of the Taman Peninsula, from which 2 species are given according to the literature data. Ramburiella turcomana (Fischer von Waldheim, 1846) and Stenobothrus miramae Dirsh, 1931 are recorded for the Taman Peninsula for the first time and Acrotylus longipes (Charpentier, 1845) is new for the fauna of the Caucasus. The description of the laying eggs process and the egg capsules of Acrotylus longipes are described.

After establishment of the Soviet power the Arctic for seven decades had been in the focus of attention accomplishing the heroic, repressive, “educational”, economic, political and ideological functions. In 1930-1950 General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Communist Party I.V. Stalin created the first Soviet Arctic shield that included the economic and military strategic power, transport targeted to protection of entirety and security of the Soviet country. The Stalin’s large-scale project of Arctic development was made public in 1931 and was targeted to the enhanced protection of the polar waters by establishing the naval base on the Barents Sea. For implementation of this project the White Sea-Baltic canal was constructed. The Trust “Arktikugol” was established on the Spitsbergen Archipelago to supply coal to the Northern Navy Fleet. The sea expedition over the Northern Sea Route was also organized to prove the possibility of shipping along this route for one navigation season. Upon its successful completion the Chief Department “Sevmorput” was set up here. The epoch of airship construction was opened to explore the Arctic air expanses. Later on there were expeditions to the North Pole, deployment of army on the Chukotka Peninsula, new expeditions to high latitude terrains, construction of high-capacity icebreakers, aerodromes and military bases on the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Unfortunately, in the 1990s in the time of the Soviet Union breakup and perestroika many facilities of the Stalin’s Arctic Shield had been lost and ceased to exist. The early 21st century witnessed the second energetic and goal-oriented breakthrough into the Arctic region and establishment of the second Arctic Shield or bastion based on the key principles of the Soviet Arctic Shield or, in other words, its upgrade in the new conditions of the polycentric world, which is justly connected with the name of Russian President Putin. The interest to the Arctic was revived after V.V. Putin was elected in 2000 the RF President and this was observed against the sharp changes in the political and economic situation in the country. The underlying stimuli were the opening of large offshore hydrocarbon fields in the Arctic seas and global climate warming. From this time on when the interest to the Arctic was on the rise again the attitude of the Russian president and government to this region had changed enormously. Putin personally keep in the focus of his attention all Arctic issues. One of the strategic goals of the policy formulated by Putin is apparently the revival of the Russian Arctic, creation of own Arctic Shield understanding quite clearly that this would require construction anew of the great part of the Arctic infrastructure. This publication investigates in detail the steps of V.V. Putin taken for development of the Arctic ways.

Concentration mechanisms of titanium-zirconium placer mineralizat ion in Neoproterozoic terrigenous rocks of Zemlepakhtinskaya Formation, Kildin Group, and in contempo rary beach deposits from Sredny Peninsula and Motka Cape from Rybachy Peninsula (Kola region) have been considered i n the paper. It has been shown that the rocks of Zemlepakhtinskaya Formation are facially variable. The shallow littoral facies are confined to the western and central parts of Sredny Peninsula, the deeper sublitt oral facies are confined to the eastern part of Sredny Peninsula and to Motka Cape of Rybachy Peninsula. It has b een established that lenses and beds with titanium-zirconium placer mineralization occur solely in littoral facies. The ore minerals in aleurite-psamite of Zemlepakhtinskaya Formation are represented by leucoxene, rutile and zircon, and in contemporary beach deposits – by ilmenite, rutile and minor zircon. Paleogeograp hic reconstruction indicates that almost all deposits of Neoproterozoic (Upper Riphean) Kildin Group were accumulated in shallow (littoral and sublittoral) environment during dominant humid climate and intense weat hering of source area. Thus, not only deposits of Zemlepakhtinskaya Formation, but also the whole succession of Kildin Group can be regarded perspective for placers' accumulation. The low grade of heavy minerals (mainly Ti an d Zr minerals) in contemporary beach deposits from Sredny Peninsula and Motka Cape from Rybachy Peninsu la is related to weak weathering of the Baltic Shield during Quaternary and to accumulation of coarse debris in littoral zone, preventing the differentiation of sand by wave action.

Монография посвящена публикации поселения майкопско-новосвободненской общности Тузла-15, расположенного на Таманском полуострове. Работы носили характер разведки культурного слоя памятника в 2012–2015 гг. В их результате были найдены остатки 4-х построек конца IV-начала III тыс дон.э. иодно захоронение теленка. Вкниге приводятся данные о древнем климате исследуемой эпохи, проведен анализ костей моллюсков и животных, используемых в пищу, фитолитный анализ останов органики, сделаны радиоуглеродные определения возраста открытых жилищ-полуземлянок. В конце исследования дан анализ бытовых построек майкопско-новосвободненской общности Предкавказья и сделаны соответствующие выводы о связанных с ними культах и верованиях изучаемой эпохи. Работа рассчитана на археологов, краеведов, этнологов, всех, кто интересуется древней историей Таманского полуострова и восточного Причерноморья.

The article deals with the natural geographical location, geological and geomorphological structure, climatic conditions of the Absheron Peninsula. In aquatic ecosystems and arid conditions, there are significant differences between natural ecosystems in their physiological processes, breathing, nutrition, structure, reproduction, etc. Existing ecosystems of the Absheron Peninsula in terms of desertification expressed more significantly. The conducted complex researches are directed on the restoration of fertility of soils and their rational use.

The author localized Dzukalai – a medieval settlement on the Kerch Peninsula – on the territory of modern Zolotoe village. This settlement was a Genoese hold in the Black Sea region – the so called Genoese Gazaria, and was part of the rural environs of Vosporo – the only large Genoese city on the Kerch Peninsula. The settlement was localized with the help of portolans, i.e. medieval sea charts. The archaeological research in 2010 established the time span of this locality as the second half of the thirteenth – late fifteenth centuries. Some specific features of the funerary rite in Dzukalai necropolis, which were revealed during the excavations in 1970s, suggest that the settlement was founded by the Circassians who migrated here from the North Caucasus.

Aim. The aim of the work is to analyze the geographic relationships of the family Tenebrionidae, which should be the basis of faunogenesis of the Tethys region of Palaearctic. Methods. The work is based on the material collected by the authors in the various regions of the Caucasus, the south of the European part of Russia, Kazakhstan and North Africa during 50 years (from 1961 to 2016), as well as the extensive literature data. We used the cluster analysis based on the Jaccard similarity coefficient which considers the positive coincidences for analysis the Tethys region tenebrionid faunas. Invasive species are not included in the analysis. Results. Extensive review of the history of study of Western Palaearctic Tenebrionidae from the mid-19th Century to the present day is given. The main directions of contemporary research are marked. Four hundred three genera of darkling beetles are distributed in the Tethys region including dendrophilous groups with tropical origin, transpalaearctic and cosmopolitan species, that represent 63% of all known Palaearctic tenebrionid genera (640 genera). Three quarters of them (304 genera or 75%) combining 5674 species include mainly xerophilous genera that are not found outside the region or presented only by very small number of species in the neighboring territories. Evidences of a common historical development of tenebrionid fauna appear in the 24 common widespread Tethys genera, which may be slightly spread beyond the boundaries, but have a very high diversity of species and infrageneric (probably a center of the origin) diversity within the Tethys region. The significant part (61%) of common Tethys genera, the high diversity of large Palaearctic genera of Tenebrionidae in the western and eastern parts of Tethys region, as well as the presence of complex of supralittoral relics of marine paleobassins (Western Tethys and Eastern Paratethys) from the genus Ectromopsis, indicates a single area of faunogenesis of darkling beetles, which is historically related with epicontinental Paleogene Tethys Ocean. Two super-regions (with western Tethys and eastern Tethys complexis of taxa) are allocated. These two regions are divided on several subregions which differ by high level of taxonomic diversity. The division is based on the analyses of species and generic abudance and level of an endemism. Claster analyses of common to the region genera, Tethys genera, common to the region species and the genus Blaps shows similarity of Anatolia and the Balkan region faunas; the Caucasus is similar to Iran. Two early allocated super-regions are more or less clearly revealed on all dendrograms. The Arabian Peninsula and North Africa have ancient relations with both super-regions based on the analyses of Tethys genera, and the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East have ancient relations with both super-regions using analyses of all tenebrionid species of the Tethys region. Conclusion. The faunogenesis of several subregions of the Tethys region was formed as island type. Analysis of the distribution and taxonomic diversity of darkling indicates a long-time development of the tenebrionid fauna in coastal and island ecosystems of the Tethys Ocean, and later an independent prime of this fauna in different areas of the Tethys desert-steppe region with the retreat of ocean water, aridity and orogeny. At the same time, faunistic elements of relic type of Paleogene origin are preserved and evoluted in the mountain island forests in Anatolia, the Middle East and the Atlas with the Late Tertiary relict flora.

The article is devoted to the publication of settlement «The hillfort of 11 kilometer» excavation results. The settlement is located on the Republic of Crimea, 15 km to the west of Kerch. Two stone rounded structures are introduced for scientific use. The date of these buildings based on ceramics is first centuries AD. Similar assemblages from Crimea, dating and purpose issues also are discussed in the article.

The article makes deal with the results of field archaeological rescue work in the Crimea in 2017. There were explored interesting kurgans of the Bronze Age during this works. There were researched complex stone architectural structures in the mounds. The authers makes attempt to create a relative chronology of this stone architecture in Bronze Age barrows of Kerch peninsula.

The interstadial marine deposits stratum was described in the Fildes Peninsula (King George Island) due to field and laboratory investigations during 2008–2011. The stratum fragments occur in the west and north-west parts of peninsula in following forms: sections of soft sediments, containing fossil shells, marine algae, bones of marine animals and rich marine diatom complexes in situ (11 sites); fragments of shells and bones on the surface (25 sites). According to the results of radiocarbon dating, these deposits were accumulated within the period 19–50 ky BP. Geographical and altitude settings of the sites, age characteristics, taxonomy of fossil flora and fauna, and good safety of the soft deposits stratum allow to make following conclusions: during interstadial, sea water covered significant part of King George Island up to the present altitude of 40 m a.s.l., and the King George Island glaciation had smaller size then; environmental conditions for the interstadial deposit stratum accumulation were at least not colder than today; probably, the King George island territory was covered entirely by ice masses of Last glacial maximum not earlier than 19 ky BP; during Last glacial maximum, King George Island was covered by thin, «cold», not mobile glaciers, which contribute to conservation of the soft marine interstadial deposits filled with fossil flora and fauna.

Long shafts, known by various sources in Sambia, were not attracting the attention of archaeologists. According to their location, the shafts are divided into: shafts near the extremities of the peninsula, known from archaeological exploration, and shafts in the depth of the land, known only from written sources. It is possible that the shafts were performed not so much by the military as by cult and administrative functions, limiting the extraterritorial nature of the canals and protecting the foreign boats roaming through them from the Prussian tribal territory, the laws of which the merchant-mariners did not obey. KEY WORDS: shaft, Sambia, shaft function, Prussians. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rh.v23i0.1785

The purpose of the article is to show the views of the Russian expert community on the situation around the conflict on the Korean peninsula in 2017: what can be the military response of the DPRK, and whether the United States is able to strike first, and whether the development of this conflict can lead to a serious war in 2017. The author defines two groups of oriental experts: the first group is convinced that there would be no nuclear war. The second group insists that the USA, despite a negative reaction of Beijing, is capable to strike preventive blow and to begin military operation on mode change in Democratic People's Republic of Korea. At one of the parties involved in crisis on the Korean peninsula while there is no accurate representation about programs of actions, but Democratic People's Republic of Korea will not refuse in the near future the nuclear program.

The data obtained confirm earlier assumption about possible existence of large accumulations of oil and gas hydrates in this part of the West Antarctica. Their formation in the structures of passive continental margin of the Antarctic Peninsula occurred as a result of repeated intrusions of deep geo-fluids into the earth crust different horizons during regional reactivation of paleo-fractures and attenuated zones. Materials of geophysical studies in the region have shown the presence of complicated system of local structures, considered as typical for passive continental margins. Shared feature for these structures of continental margin of Antarctica as well as for other similar structures of the great ocean is sufficiently close regional, and possibly genetic connection of mud volcanoes with explored areas of BSR-reflections and the places of formation of gas and gas hydrates accumulations. The data obtained attest the considerable role of deep fluids in formation of hydrocarbon accumulations in different horizons of the Earth’s crust of the passive margins of West Antarctica.

Руины хорошо изученного древнего города Фанагория предоставили уникальную возможность для восстановления неизвестной ранее страницы сейсмической истории Таманского полуострова. На основе собранных геологических, геофизических и археосейсмологических данных выдвинута гипотеза о гибели средневекового города Фанагория в результате катастрофического землетрясения в X веке. Город оказался прямо в месте выхода очага сильнейшего (9?10 баллов по шкале MSK-64) землетрясения на поверхность, связанного с Фанагорийской флексурно-разрывной зоной., Ruins of well studied ancient settlement Phanagoria have given a unique opportunity for recovery of unknown earlier seismic history of Taman Peninsula. On the basis of collected geological, geophysical and archeoseismological data the hypothesis of death of the medieval settlement Phanagoria as a result of a catastrophic earthquake in the 10th century is made. The deep and near-surface structure of the Phanagoria deformation zone has been studied by seismic exploration. Along the southern coast of the Gulf of Taman the subvertical low-weak zone is detected. In outcrops the flexures of the neogen-quarternary layers and their immersion towards the sea are revealed. Deformation zone has been traced on the ancient settlement Phanagoria. On an excavation of the late medieval hillfort we have detected a ground flexure – to a surface on which ancient buildings of the 9-10th centuries were constructed. The settlement Phanagoria has appeared directly in the place of an exit of the source of the strongest (IX-X on MSK-64 scale) earthquake on a surface connected with the Phanagoria deformation zone., Геология и геофизика Юга России, Выпуск 3 2017

Кроме землетрясений, существенную опасность на Таманском полуострове представляют грязевые вулканы. Помимо медленного выделения газа, воды и грязи, грязевые вулканы демонстрируют и мощные взрывные извержения. На примере грязевого вулкана г. Карабетова показано, что на поверхности при таких извержениях образуются разрывы, обнаруживающие большое сходство с сейсмотектоническими. Опасность представляют также смещения по разломам, к которым приурочены грязевые вулканы. Эти разломы имеют небольшую длину (сотни метров – первые километры), но отличаются высокой современной подвижностью и трассируются за пределы грязевулканических построек., Except for the earthquakes, essential hazard on Taman peninsula is represented with mud volcanoes. Besides slow liberation of gas, water and a mud, volcanoes show also powerful explosive eruptions. On an example of a Karabetova mud volcano it is shown, that on a surface at such eruptions the fissures which are finding out the big similarity with seismic ruptures are formed. Hazard is represented also with displacement on faults for which mud volcanoes are dated. These faults have small length (hundreds meters – the first kilometers), but differ high modern activity and are traced for limits of mud-volcanic constructions., Геология и геофизика Юга России, Выпуск 1 2016

Peculiarities of measurements have been described for response functions (RF), historical review of RF application in Japan has been given together with general condition of earthquake forecast (EQ). Detailed analysis of vast material of processing obtained under conditions of strong disturbances has been fulfilled. Anomalies of response functions have been distinguished, which occurred during several years before catastrophic EQ Tohoku, which might be most probably recognized as medium-term precursors of that EQ. Anomaly of electric conductivity has been revealed under the central part of Boso peninsula (Tokyo suburb) in the area of complicated joint of three lithosphere plates.

Local seismic tomographic study has been conducted according to the data of 200 weak earthquakes occurred in 1975-2010 and registered by seven seismic stations in the area of the Kerch peninsula and adjacent northern part of the Black Sea. Application of Backus-Gilbert method for the three-dimensional case allowed to study the velocity structure by P- and S-waves at the depths of 15-40 km and to calculate the ratio VP/VS. Two high velocity blocks have been revealed in the middle and lower crust of the region. The first one includes the P-velocity anomaly of the Kerch peninsula in the area of the western part of the Indol-Kuban trough. The other one is characterized by the S-velocity anomaly of the Shatsky swell and the Tuapse depression. The third high-velocity domain situated in the Black sea water area to the south from the Kerch peninsula belongs most probably to the uppermost mantle that underlie the thin sub-oceanic crust of the East-Black sea basin. Performed petrologic and geodynamic interpretation of the obtained anomalies makes possible to conclude the presence of active processes of thrusting the sub-oceanic crust of the East-Black sea basin under the continental crust of the Scythian plate and the southern part of the East-European platform. The transition area is controlled by a zone of high seismic activity, where the earthquake foci deepen northward that can be an additional evidence of on going underthrusting processes in the study region.

Structure of gas fraction Geraklit has confirmed their genetic communication with modern carbonate formations (sips) and mud volcanoes of Black sea. Presence in Geraklit metane and ethane is a direct attribute of search of oil fields and gas on Geraklejskij peninsula and adjoining to them a shelf., Состав газовой фракции гераклитов подтвердил их генетическую связь с современными карбонатными образованиями метановых источников и грязевых вулканов Черного моря. Наличие у гераклитах метана и этана является прямым признаком поиска месторождений нефти и газа на Гераклейском полуострове и прилегающем к нему шельфе., Cклад газової фракції гераклітів підтвердив їх генетичний зв'язок із сучасними карбонатними утвореннями метанових джерел і грязьових вулканів Чорного моря. Наявність в гераклітах метану й етану є прямою ознакою пошуку родовищ нафти і газу на Гераклійському півострові і прилеглому до нього шельфі.

In order to study evolution of the Bransfield Straight, reconstruction of paleostructure of northwestern extremity of Antarctica has been conducted on the base of analysis of batimetric and seismologic data as well as results of mapping of DSS and GPS observations. As a result of conducted studies the limits of the Earth's crust blocks of the northern extremity of the Antarctic Peninsula, the North Shetland Islands and adjacent water area, which are different by their characteristics and history of development have been found. A scheme has been proposed for the mechanism of formation of up to-date structure of the region. It has been shown that earlier in this region a single geomorphologic mega-structure existed. Expansion of the Earth's crust in the central part of the rift resulted in creation of the passive rift in the western sub-depression. The results obtained testify to the fact that the leading role in formation of the North-Shetland trough was played by the thrust of the South-Shetland block to the Phenix Plate as a result of spreading in the Bransfield Straight. In such a way the concept of arising of this structure as a result of subduction of the Plate Phenix under the Antarctic Peninsula is denied.

For the first time for the waters of the Antarctic Peninsula, quantitative assessment of the distribution of geoelectric parameters of sea water, both in space and depth, as well as of a layer of sediment presumably of Cenozoic era, lying directly under the water has been given. This layer according to the seismic method of reflected waves is widespread in the continental shelf waters. Availability under the top layer of the older sedimentary rocks is still quite unknown. According to seismic and geo-electric methods at the present level of knowledge the existence of such sediments is expected both in shelf zone of the Bellingshausen Sea, and in the Larsen sedimentary basin. Based on the estimates of geoelectric parameters a map of the total longitudinal conductivity of sedimentary cover of M 1 : 10 000 000 of the region has been compiled for the first time. Magnetovariational parameters on the profile, crossing the Antarctic archipelago of islands have been given, which have shown that the conductive structures, which determine their behavior have a strike, coinciding with the strike of isobaths. To determine the capacity of geoelectrical methods for studying the deep structure of the region calculations have been made of interpretational parameters of magnetotelluric field by numerical simulation of twodimensional model along the profile of the valley of the Bellingshausen Sea to the kettle of the Weddell Sea, in which the distribution of geoelectric parameters of the sedimentary cover has been specified with the highest adequacy. Calculations have shown that the observed experimental data do not completely satisfy the model calculations. This fact gives grounds to hope that at least in the areas adjacent to Graham Land, geoelectrical investigations will facilitate studies of the deep structure of the regions.