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Introduction. Gastric cancer remains one of the most common cancers and has a high mortality rate worldwide. Epigenetic alternations of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs and long ncRNAs can contribute to its pathogenesis and progression, and could be potent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.Aim. Estimation of PROX1‑AS1 and miR-647 expression in gastric cancer and investigation of its clinical significance. Materials and methods. Tumor and adjacent normal tissues (n = 62), and sectional normal tissue samples (n = 5) were included in the study. The expression of the ncRNAs was quantified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay.Results. We have reviled the significant difference in the PROX1‑AS1 expression in tumor (p = 0.002) and non-tumor tissues (p

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among young people and therefore being a serious global problem worldwide. The study of genetic and epigenetic factors in the development of suicidal behavior plays an important role in the development of advanced methods of diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. The role of hereditary factors in the development of suicidal behavior is estimated at 30–55 %, with a pronounced comorbidity with other psychopathologies. The study of genetic liability to suicidal behavior is based on molecular-genetic methods including association and linkage analyses, chip gene expression arrays, and genome-wide association studies. Published data identified multiple genes including those involved in the functioning of serotonergic (SLC6A4, TPH, 5-HT1A), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal systems (FKBP5) and polyamines (SAT and OATL1) associated with suicidal behavior. However, the diversity of interacting genetic loci complicates the interpretation of the development of a complex phenotype of pathology and prevents the association from being detected. To solve this problem and interpret the missing relationship between the environment and the genome, promising results were obtained from a study of epigenetic factors, which affected the expression of a number of candidate genes involved in brain functioning in suicidal behavior. The analysis of a brain obtained from suicide victims, representing a unique tool for the analysis of modified genomic processes, revealed a wide range of reprogramming patterns of DNA methylation in promoters of the genes of polyamine (OAZ1, OAZ2, AMD1, ARG2, SKA2), serotonergic (SLC6A4) and GABAergic (GABRA1) systems, HPA-axis (GR, NR3C1), tyrosine kinase (TrkB) receptors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The role of histone modifications in distinct genes (Cx30, Cx43, TrkB.T1) and the expression of specific long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs in the development of suicidal behavior, which is promising for the development of diagnostic algorithms and target therapy, is discussed.

Mitochondria of many living species internalize nuclear DNA-encoded ribonucleic acids. The pools of imported RNA molecules, as well as fine mechanisms of these processes, are highly species-specific. To date, baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are the best studied in this regard. Moreover, the processes of yeast RNA mitochondrial import have been the basis of modeling several gene therapy strategies aimed to palliate negative effects of pathogenic mutations in human mitochondrial DNA. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge about the molecular events taking place in course of yeast RNA import into mitochondria. Also, we describe how this process can be used for compensation of pathogenic mutations in mitochondrial genomes of humans.