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The presented review summarizes current data on the tactics of accompanying patients with uterine myoma at various stages of their reproductive potential realization: the stage of pregravid preparation, the stage of pregnancy management, the moment of delivery and the postpartum period. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign special scientific and practical literature, various methods of childbirth are proposed, from more preferable delivery through the natural birth canal, to the necessary caesarean section, performed strictly according to indications. Data are presented on the options for elective and emergency myomectomy during pregnancy, during operative delivery and in the postpartum period. Based on the results of systematization of the information received, the authors raise the question of the need for further research in the field of developing methods for optimal management of patients during pregnancy and childbirth complicated by uterine myoma, due to the relevance of the problems discussed.

The aim. To reduce the frequency of reproductive function disorders and preserve fertility in women after conservative myomectomy by developing and implementing a complex of rehabilitation measures into clinical practice. Materials and Methods. The study involved 301 women of reproductive age (221 with a diagnosis of submucosal uterine fibroid (UF)), who were divided into groups: 1 Group - 121 people who used the proposed postoperative rehabilitation therapy; Group 2 - 100 women operated on for submucous uterine fibroids, but without the use of restorative therapy, Group 3 C (control) - 80 somatically and gynecologically healthy women of reproductive age. Depending on the clinical assessment of the complexity of hysteroscopic resection of the node, hysteroscopy or laparoscopy was performed (according to FIGO recommendations). Clinical, instrumental, and laboratory research methods and methods of statistical analysis were used. Results. The main risk factors for the development of submucosal UF are a combination of interdependent factors - genital endocrine-dependent pathological processes (64%) and chronic inflammation of the endometrium on the background of its traumatization - during abortions or directly by a submucosal node (36%). The obtained results made it possible to substantiate pathogenetically the need to improve the scheme of treatment and rehabilitation therapy for women with submucosal leiomyoma of the uterus in the postoperative period in order to preserve reproductive function, which included drugs with antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, NO-donor and angioprotective effects. The proposed scheme of treatment and rehabilitation measures is based on a pathogenetic orientation, which allows obtaining a long-term antiproliferative effect on the endometrium and makes it possible to normalize the hormonal relationships and receptor status of the endometrium without the appointment of long-term traditional progestogen-estrogen monotherapy, makes it possible to restore the processes of synchronization of proliferation /transformation of the endometrium to the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle with the formation of the window of implantation, which contributes to the onset of pregnancy. Thus, in the operated women of the 1 Group, pregnancy after hysteroscopic myomectomy occurred in 15% after 6 months, after a year - in 22%, after one and a half - in 45%, which ended in childbirth through the natural birth canal - in 48%, by cesarean section in 34.5% of people, and 18% had premature births, 10% had spontaneous termination of pregnancy. Accordingly, in the 2 Group (without the proposed therapy) the following data were observed: pregnancy after 6 months in 12%, after a year in 20%, after one and a half - in 40%, which ended in childbirth through natural birth canals - in 40%, by cesarean section in 30.5% of people, and in 17.5% there was a premature birth, in 12% - spontaneous termination of pregnancy occurred. Conclusions. The clinical effectiveness of using the proposed, developed, and improved scheme of treatment and rehabilitation therapy within 6 months was 35.1% in the main group compared to 15.4% in women of the comparison group (without therapy).

The state of the reproductive system by women with uterine fibroids is considered as a part of this literature review. The main clinical manifestations of myomatous nodes were identified by writing the review: abnormal uterine and heavy menstrual bleeding, infertility, miscarriage, chronic pelvic pain, dysfunction of adjacent organs, which are indications for surgical treatment. It is noted that approximately 30 % of women with uterine fibroids suffer from abnormal uterine bleeding, leading to anemia and reduced quality of life. Chronic pelvic pain significantly reduces the quality of life of patients, worsening their functional and mental state and disrupting sexual function. This review focuses on reproductive problems in women with leiomyoma. Taking into consideration the high prevalence of this nosology and the need to preserve the fertility of patients, the review describes modern methods of treating patients with uterine myoma, including drug therapy surgical treatment and alternative methods. Currently, in order to stop the symptoms of uterine fibroids, as well as for preoperative preparation, conservative therapy is used, which allows to reduce pain, restore hemoglobin levels, reduce intraoperative blood loss and reduce surgery time. Reproductive disorders associated with uterine fibroids, such as infertility, recurrent miscarriage, and adverse obstetric outcomes, are a significant reason to improve organ-preserving therapies or develop new ones. Although hysterectomy is a radical treatment for uterine fibroids, it is unacceptable for patients who have not realized their reproductive function. Therefore, the most justified intervention is myomectomy with various surgical approaches, and as an alternative treatment, uterine artery embolization, radiofrequency ablation or high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment of uterine fibroids. These data allow us to conclude that the high prevalence and versatility of symptoms of uterine fibroids among patients of reproductive age determine the relevance of searching for optimal methods of treatment.

Uterine fibroids is an extremely common tumor of the female reproductive system in the population. The problem of this pathology is the diversity of symptoms, mediated by the variety of sizes and locations of myomas, significant impact on reproductive function and frequent misunderstanding of the tumor nature, which leads to unwarranted hysterectomies, even among young women. Authors review the literature on the basis of modern guidelines, which reveals the potential of preserving methods of treatment of fibroids. It is also attempted to answer the most common questions about this pathology. The incidence of uterine fibroids increases with age. Fibroids are hormone dependent tumors, but the obvious cause has not yet been identified, although various risk factors are known, both modified (e.g., obesity, parity) and unmodified (race, age, etc.). Diagnosis of fibroids is simple – just an examination and ultrasound of the pelvis. Among the organ preservation methods of treatment are currently known medicinal (some of them can be used as mono-method or in combination with other methods), minimally invasive (among which stands out uterine artery embolization, as the most studied, effective and safe method) and surgical – conservative myomectomy, which can be performed by different approaches (laparoscopic, hysteroscopic or laparotomy) depending on the number and location of fibroids. This review considers the issues of fertility in uterine fibroids and after organ preservation technologies for its treatment. Differential diagnosis of uterine fibroids with leiomyosarcoma – a rare tumor and its diagnosis is quite difficult. The development of modern medical science, combining specialties with the formation of multidisciplinary teams (as in the case of collaboration with endovascular surgeons to perform uterine artery embolization) and use of an individual approach depending on the fibroids characteristics and patient needs helps reduce the proportion of hysterectomies for uterine fibroids, preservation of the organ and fertility.

Uterine fibroids (UF) are the most common tumor in women of reproductive age. The growth of myomatous nodes during pregnancy is non-linear and mainly occurs in the first trimester. In most cases, UF do not burden the course of pregnancy. Large size (5 cm), retroplacental location, and/or deformity of the uterine cavity by the myomatous node are associated with increased risks of spontaneous miscarriage, placental abruption, bleeding, preterm birth, and cesarean section. Myomectomy during pregnancy is undesirable, with the development of pain syndrome, the use of acetaminophen is safe. Indications for cesarean section in UF are the presence of a large size of fibroids that prevent delivery through the natural birth canal, red degeneration of myomatous nodes, torsion of the subserous myomatous node (degree 2C).

Aim: to summarize up-to-date world data on current opportunities of drug therapy in treatment of symptomatic myoma accompanied with heavy menstrual bleeding and anemia.Materials and Methods. A search of publications was carried out in the main international databases published in Russian and English: PubMed/MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Embase, and eLibrary. The analysis included studies published over the last 10 years examining the clinical efficacy and safety of various groups of pharmacological agents used for treatment of uterine myoma combined with heavy menstrual bleeding in women of reproductive age.Results. Currently, treatment of uterine fibroids consists of the three major approaches: surgical, minimally invasive organpreserving methods, and pharmacotherapy. Until now, surgical intervention remains the main method of treatment, unfortunately being often performed in a foem of hysterectomy. However, today it is important to apply a personalized approach to the management of a female patient with symptomatic uterine myoma, taking into account her wish to preserve reproductive function. Advances in drug therapy greatly contributed to optimizing management of such patients.Conclusion. Treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids globally tends to lowering the number of radical interventions, as well as develop and improve new therapeutic approaches for. Currently, pharmacotherapy of leiomyoma can substantially improve the quality of patients' life, lower number of radical surgical interventions, optimize surgical treatment, and even fully negate, in some cases, a need for surgery.

Aim. To evaluate the results of treatment of patients with uterine fibroids and infertility with ineffective art programs in the anamnesis and to identify possible risk factors for repeated art failures. Materials and methods. 510 patients with uterine fibroids and infertility were examined and surgically treated prior to the ART program. Myomectomy was performed using various approaches: laparoscopic access in 250 patients, laparotomic access in 70 patients, hysteroscopic myomectomy in 100 patients, and combined access (laparoscopic and hysteroscopic) in 90 women. Results. Primary infertility was observed in 38.0%, secondary in 62.0% of patients. The average duration of infertility was 4.41.9 years. ART had in history 54.5% of patients. During the follow-up period up to 2 years, 24.3% of women had recurrent uterine fibroids. After carrying out of surgical treatment and the following ART pregnancy was achieved in 44.3% of patients. Pregnancies ended in childbirth in 58.8% of cases, which exceeded the total share (41.6%) of adverse pregnancy outcomes (ectopic pregnancy, abortions, spontaneous miscarriages at various times) by 1.4 times. Conclusion. Risk factors for repeated ART failures in patients who have undergone myomectomy are: age over 40 years; duration of infertility for more than 5 years and the presence of 3 or more ineffective IVF attempts in the history; the presence of previous surgical interventions such as uterine artery embolization and FUS-ablation; the presence of submucous fibroids, a dominant node located close to the uterine cavity and myoma with signs of blood supply disorders; the combination of uterine fibroids with external genital endometriosis and chronic endometritis.

Background. Uterine fi broids is a highly prevalent gynaecological disease affecting 30–35% of reproductive age women and twice as many beyond this age, according to various sources. Uterine fi broids are diagnosed in 25–27% of infertile women. According to the American Society of Reproductive Medicine, this disease causes infertility in 2–3% of the cases.Objectives. A prognostic assessment of recovering fertility after treatment for uterine fi broids, outlining a comprehensive strategy for successful in vitro fertilisation after variant organ-preserving treatment for uterine fi broids.Мethods. Publication records were mined in the PubMed, Elibrary, Web of science and Cyberleninca databases under the search depth of 7 years. The query terms were: uterine fi broids, in vitro fertilisation, myomectomy, uterine artery embolisation, myomectomy and pregnancy, uterine artery embolisation and pregnancy, uterine fi broids and in vitro fertilisation.Results. We analysed 105 records and selected 32 for review. Many sources suggest that the putative pathogenetic mechanisms of a reduced in vitro fertilisation success in uterine fi broids comprise: abnormal circulation and receptor apparatus; abnormal uterine blood fl ow, venous stasis, vascular changes; local infl ammation; abnormal endometrial morphology, distortions of the uterine cavity with submucosal and large interstitial fi broids, continuity between endometrium and myometrium, subendometrial thickening; local nodal oestrogen/progesterone imbalance. Clinical data on the impact of uterine fi broids in assisted reproductive technology trials are multitude but ambiguous. Submucosal and intramural fi broids distorting the uterine cavity are commonly considered for resection due to their signifi cant negative impact on the pregnancy success rate with assisted reproductive strategies.Conclusion. Uterine fi broids pose an acute persistent challenge in gynaecology and reproductive medicine aggravated by the lack of a unifi ed strategy for patient management and reproductive life planning. Various aspects of the uterine blood fl ow diagnosis, treatment for uterine fi broids, pregravid preparation, long-term management of in vitro fertilisation protocols and pregnancy in this pathology require further detailed studies.

Introduction:Mięśniaki macicy są najczęstszymi łagodnymi guzami macicy. Większość mięśniaków przebiega bezobjawowo i nie wymaga interwencji lekarskiej, jednak jeśli tak się dzieje, podstawą terapii pozostaje dostęp chirurgiczny. Miomektomia to jedna z chirurgicznych metod usuwania mięśniaków dla osób chcących zachować płodność. W dzisiejszych czasach udoskonalono techniki operacyjne i opracowano metody mniej inwazyjne, takie jak laparoskopowa miomektomia (LM). Jednak bezpieczeństwo i skuteczność LM jest dobrze udokumentowana w przypadku mięśniaków średniej wielkości. Dostęp laparoskopowy w przypadku większych guzów macicy (średnica> 10 cm) może budzić kontrowersje i może stanowić wyzwanie ze względu na możliwe trudności. Cel, powód: Ocena skuteczności, wyzwań technicznych i powikłań LM w leczeniu dużych mięśniaków. Materiały i metody: Przeszukaliśmy bazy danych Pubmed, Springer Link i ResearchGate. Wyniki: Systematyczne analizy zakwalifikowane do tego przeglądu sugerowały, że pomimo wielu możliwych komplikacji i trudności, metoda może być z powodzeniem stosowana przez doświadczonego specjalistę. Jednak leczenie LM w dużych mięśniakach jest nadal rzadkie, a dane na ten temat są nadal ograniczone. Wnioski: Miomektomia laparoskopowa może być alternatywną metodą leczenia dużych mięśniaków. Chirurgia laparoskopowa dużych mięśniaków LM może stanowić wyzwanie, a skuteczność takiego leczenia zależy od umiejętności chirurga. Metoda jest również przydatna u kobiet rozważających ciążę.

Uterine myoma is the most common benign disease in the women of the reproductive period. According to different authors, the rate of uterine myoma in pregnancy is estimated from 0.1 to 12.5 %. We present the case of successful laparotomy myomectomy at 14–15 weeks of gestational age.

Aim of the study: to reduce the number of relapses and improve the reproductive function of women after surgical removal of uterine leiomyoma (LM). Materials and methods: the study included 76 women of reproductive age who underwent organ-preserving surgical treatment for LM. Women were divided into two groups depending on the adenomyosis presence. Group I included 35 women with isolated LM, group II included 41 women with LM in combination with adenomyosis. Groups I and II were divided into 4 subgroups: in Ia and IIa subgroups during preparation for surgery patients received one of the agonists of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) for 3 months. In Ib and IIb subgroups suppressive therapy was not performed prior to surgical treatment. After a myomectomy women of I and II groups received one of the GnRH agonists for the first three months, followed by the low-dose combined oral contraceptive. The choice of funds was justified on the results of an immunohistochemical study of the Ki-67 antigen expression (proliferation marker), estrogen and progesterone receptors, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Group IIb women were additionally prescribed non-hormonal therapy with fibrinolytic (streptokinase) and proteolytic (streptodornase) enzymes, as well as herbal antiproliferative agent containing indole-3-carbinol and epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Results of the study: an immunohistochemical study showed that in women who did not receive suppressive therapy before surgery (Ib and IIb groups) Kі-67 antigen expression in the tumor nodes was significantly increased. Almost 2 times greater was the difference between the Ki-67 antigen expressions in the LM nodes with the adenomyosis combination. GnRH agonists did not inhibit the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. COX-2 expression was significantly higher than in intact myometrium. In women with combined uterine pathology the number of cells with a positive immunohistochemical reaction to COX-2 was 6.4 times higher than with isolated LM. Conclusions: myomectomy surgery only partially solves the problems of reproductive health restoration in women with combined uterine pathology. The proposed long-term suppressive therapy made it possible to reduce the tumor relapses number by almost 2.6 times after surgical organ-preserving treatment and to improve reproductive function in almost every third woman.

Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of ulipristal acetate (UA) use in uterine myoma patients before surgical treatment. Material and methods: 78 patients of reproductive age with uterine bleeding and anemia, who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy, were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of 43 women who received 5 mg of ulipristal acetate daily for 3 months before the operation and the second group consisted of 35 patients without ulipristal treatment. A comparative analysis was made between clinical laboratory data groups, pathomorphological changes in myoma and endometrial nodes, and long-term treatment results. Results: As a result of UA therapy uterine bleeding stopped in all patients of the first group, the size of myoma nodes decreased by 25% according to visual diagnostics data, hemoglobin content normalized without iron-containing drugs. Duration of the operation and volume of intraoperative blood loss were less in the first group of patients in comparison with such parameters in the second group. Conclusion: Use of ulipristal acetate for preoperative assessment of patients with uterine myoma of reproductive age suffering from uterine bleeding and anemia is effective and safe.

Aim. To analyze the literature data on modern approaches to morcellation of myomatous nodes in laparoscopic surgery and to highlight this area in a historical aspect. To form an idea of the main difficulties associated with morcellation, which contributed to and contribute to the improvement of the technique of this manipulation. Materials and methods. The review includes data from foreign articles published in the elibrary.ru and PubMed databases on this topic. Results. It describes both modern trends in the surgical treatment of patients with uterine myoma, and historical aspects of improving methods aimed at reducing risks, reducing the time of surgical intervention and improving its safety. Analyzed data on the use of electromorcellation, carried out both with the use of plastic containers, and without them. Conclusion. High requirements for surgical interventions contributed to the emergence of such a method of intracorporeal fragmentation of drugs, such as morcellation, which led to a significant reduction in the proportion of laparotomic operations in the treatment of patients with my uterus. The introduction of laparoscopy in the surgical treatment of uterine myoma allowed to achieve a fundamentally new high level of rehabilitation of patients. Removing removed drugs from the abdominal cavity is associated with a certain risk. Despite the significant number of proposed methods and devices for morcellation, they all require further improvement, since it is necessary to completely exclude contact of the myoma node tissue with abdominal organs in the extraction process. Currently, active research continues on ways to realize all the benefits of minimally invasive technologies in compliance with the rules of oncological safety.

Aim. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of sequential prescription of drugs for anti-recurrent therapy of the uterine fibroids (UF) and combined oral contraceptives (COC) in pregravidal preparation.Materials and methods. There was conducted a prospective, nonrandomized and controlled cohort study of 150 women with UF who are planning a pregnancy after the organ-preserving treatment of uterine fibroids by means of myomectomy with laparoscopic access and pregravidal preparation. The immunohistochemical (IHC) study of the intensity expression of Ki 67, p53, Bcl-2 was performed for the differential diagnosis of reactive proliferation from dysplasia in the distant fibroid node and the selection of anti-recurrent therapy.Results. The duration of the UF disease does not depend on the intensity of expression of p53, Ki-67 or Bcl-2, the level of expression of the progesterone receptors in the distant fibroid node. A negative average correlation between the level of hemoglobin before myomectomy, the duration of the disease (r = -0.3867) and the number of nodes (r = -0.5389) was revealed. After the end of the anti-recurrent treatment in women who underwent organ- preserving treatment of uterine fibroids, the prescription of COC is connected with a further decrease in the size of fibroid nodes remaining after myomectomy from 15.81±0.22 mm to 8.94±0.45 mm (p

Myoma of the uterus occupies the third place in the structure of gynecological pathology, second only to inflammatory diseases, the main symptoms of uterine fibroids are profuse menstruation, pelvic pain, infertility, impaired function of neighboring organs characteristic of tumors of large sizes. Treatment of uterine fibroids «an urgent problem of modern gynecology», despite the variety of therapeutic techniques. Uterine myoma is a frequent cause of infertility, the pathogenesis of which is not fully understood. Recently, as a drug of choice for the purpose of adjuvant therapy of uterine fibroids, the drug mifepristone has been widely used, which has a high therapeutic efficiency, which contributes to the realization of the reproductive function in the conduct of organ-saving operations.

The article describes the present views on the etiology, pathogenesis and morphogenesis of uterine myoma. The data on the role of steroid hormones and their receptors, growth factors, and processes of proliferation and apoptosis, and also compares the types of growth of uterine myoma according to the histological types of tumor development. Pressing questions organ preservation treatment of uterine myoma in women of reproductive age.

Despite the fact that the study of uterine fibroids has been widely discussed, the problem still remains unsolved. Uterine fibroids are the most common benign neoplasm of female genital system. Increasingly diagnosed in recent decades, uterine fibroids in women planning a pregnancy, which is associated primarily with the social factor: modern women tend to postpone the time of childbirth until a stable material and social status, which often occurs close to the late reproductive age, when the prevalence of uterine fibroids naturally increases. The link between uterine fibroids and fertility disorders ambiguous, but, without a doubt, the presence of uterine fibroids should be taken into account in women with infertility and habitual miscarriage. The optimal solution, but today, in addition to surgical treatment task of restoring fertility in women with uterine fibroids do not exist, there is a possibility of conservative management of these patients. Advantages and disadvantages of surgical and conservative tactics restore fertility in patients with uterine myoma should undergo evaluation and further development.

The role of uterine fibroids in infertility and pregnancy loss is very high. The decrease of reproductive function in patients with uterine myoma may affect a variety of factors. In most cases there is a combination thereof. Uterine fibroids can cause infertility, miscarriage, development of feto-placental insufficiency, increasing the frequency ofcomplications in childbirth and the postpartum period. All this necessitates timely raise the question of surgical treatment of patients with uterine myoma before pregnan

The key moments of pathogenesis of uterine myoma, influence of steroid hormones and their receptors on regulation of growth of uterine myoma are reflected in the article, thepreparations used for preoperative training of patients with uterine myomaand peculiarities of their impact on endometrium are analyzed

Uterine myoma is the most common benign neoplasm of the reproductive organs in women. The prevalence of this pathology at different ages ranges from 20% to 77%. The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical cases of myomectomy performed during surgical delivery. The study was performed on the basis of Odessa Regional Perinatal Center in 2015-2018. The mean age of the examined patients was 32.5 ± 1.1 years. The total number of clinical cases included in the study was 55 women who had surgical delivery in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 977 dated 27.12.2011 who were performed myomectomy during the cesarean section. The authors evaluated intraoperative blood loss and the postoperative course. As a result of the study, it was concluded that it is advisable to perform simultaneous myomectomy during the cesarean section, provided thorough consideration is given to myomectomy.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated treatment of uterine fibroids in women of reproductive age; 103 women of reproductive age of minimally invasive myomectomy performed accesses. To prevent a recurrence of fibroids patients in Group 1 as adjuvant therapy was administered agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (buserelin) prolonged action for 4-6 months, patients in group 2 did not receive anti-relapse therapy, patients of group 3 as neoadjuvant ulipristal acetate therapy received. An assessment of long-term effects in all groups of patients. The criteria for the effectiveness of treatment were: frequency of recurrence of fibroids, reproductive and normalization of menstrual function. The result is a significant increase in the recurrence of uterine fibroids in the group receiving no adjuvant therapy (5,2% vs 25%).

Over the past years, new conservative methods of treatment of uterine fibroids and minimally invasive techniques that allow more frequent organ preserving interventions to take place. Accumulated experience allows us to compare the reproductive outcomes, quality of life in the postoperative period and other long-term results. Based on these data a gynecologist can make an informative decision about the optimal algorithm of patients with different clinical manifestations of myomas. This review presents recent data on the use of uterine artery embolization, the use of intrauterine shaver and possible ways of optimizing the laparoscopic myomectomy in order to improve the safety and efficacy of treatment.

Presented of the invention «Method of the prevention of bleeding during myomectomy» [filing receipt from 20.02.2014, application №2014106575 (010 377)] and «Method of laparoscopic myomectomy» (patent №2482807, application №2012100191/14 of 11.01.2012). Based on the developed methods was compiled algorithm prevent bleeding during myomectomy, consisting of several steps. Found that the use of the proposed algorithm can reduce blood loss when performing sparing-surgery on the uterus up to 50 ml.

Patients of reproductive age with myomectomy often have massive adhesive process which, as a rule, results in decreased reproductive function. We have examined hemostatic and anti-adhesive activity of product Tachocomb (Nycomed as part of Takeda, Austria) which was intraoperatively administered with excision of myomatous nodes of various localization. The obtained results have allowed to make a conclusion of good efficacy and safety of the drug product