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In research was spent mорmorphometric analysis of cellular, stromal and microvascular components of myomatous tissue and different layers of myometrium at 35 patients with uterus leiomyoma during long-term and short-term preoperative correction of the hormonal status by means of Zoladex®. Studying of specific volume of microvessels and stroma, quantitative density of myocyte nuclei and a mitotic index of myocytes was spent on sections in the thickness by 1 microns, made of epoxy blocks. Researches have shown, that in the conditions of 3-month's medicamental menopause there is an authentic depression of specific volume of microvessels. In the conditions of the raised level of sexual steroids growth of contents of microvessels of myomatous nodes at the expense of dilating of arterioles and metarterioles lumen and thickening of their sides is observed. At simple myoma against a medicamental menopause the reduction of specific volume of stroma in myometriums submucous and vascular layers at that time in 1 week after introduction Zoladex the changes are not defined. In nodes of a cellular myoma in the conditions of long menopause it is observed more than double growth of relative contents of a stroma. In conditions hypohormonemia throughout 3 months there is depression of mitotic activity of nodal myocytes as a part of simple and cellular myoma. On the contrary, against hyperhormonemia in 1 week of Zoladex action essential is rising of a mitotic index of myocytes of cellular leiomyoma is observed.

In study conducted ultrastructural analysis of cells and extracellular matrix of myoma tissue and different layers of myometrium in 35 patients with uterine leyomioma in long-term and short-term corre ction of hormonal status before surgery gosereline acetate. Study of ultrastructural characteristics we re performed on ultrathin sectio ns for transmission electron microscope. Studies have shown that the ultrastructural characteristics of uterine le yomioma were similar to those of unchanged myometrium. The most characteristic feature of uterine fibroids is excessive extracellular matrix elements, arranged randomly. Under the action of a-GnRH there were atrophic changes in myocytes, which in most cases do not lead to cell death and is reversible: reducing the size of myocytes in both myomatous tissue and in normal myometrium, two-fold reduction in myofilaments amount in unchanged myometrium and in uterine myoma. Under the influence of hyperestrogenemy, along with increasing size of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum elements and number of ribosom es the size of myocytes was likely to increase in both myoma tissue and myometrium; increased the ratio of condensed chromatin to uncondensed one (in simple fibroids – 1.7 times, in cellular fibroids – 2.1 times); increase in 1.5 times the number of myofilaments both in unchanged myometrium and in uterine myoma; increase in number of mitochondria and increase of their size in myomatous tissue only caused mainly by by intracellular edema. Elements of extracellu lar matrix do not depend on short-term action of hyperestrogeny and mid-term action of hypoestrogeny, bu t the synthesis of new fibers is reduc ed under action of artificial menopause.

Microvascular components of myomatous tissue and the layers of myometrium were evaluated using mорmorphometric analysis in 35 patients with uterine leiomyoma with long-term and short-term preoperative hormonal correction with Gosereline Acetate. Our results show that the microvessels density depends on morphological type of the fibroid, which in case of the cellular leiomyoma is 2.9 times greater compared to the regular one. The tissue is characterized by decreased vascularization of simple leiomyoma as compared to surrounding myometrium. In conditions of a drug-induced 3-month menopause density of microvessels was significantly decreased. In conditions of elevated levels of sex steroids amount of microvessels in fibrois tissue increases, with expanding of the lumen of arterioles and metarterioles and thickening of their walls. Hipoestrogenic condition contributes significantly to reduction of the average diameter of arterioles in the tissue of cellular and simple leiomyoma, which in some cases leads to complete obliteration of the vessels. Short-time hypere-strogenemia leads to a statistically significant increase in wall thickness of arterioles in fibroid tissue samples. Similar changes observed in vessels of pseudocapsula of women with cellular leiomyoma.