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Aim. To assess the dynamics and structure of coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality rates in the Russian Federation (RF) and a number of regions.Material and methods. The study analyzed the dynamics of the mortality structure and the reliability of CAD mortality rates in the Russian Federation and a number of regions before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. For the analysis, statistical data of the Russian Ministry of Health and Rosstat C52 tables for 2019-2022 were used. The study used statistical and analytical methods. MSOffice Excel 2019 was used for data processing. The correct coding of death causes was determined by expert analysis.Results. In the Russian Federation and the regions studied in 2019-2022, there was no general trend due to territorial differences in the dynamics of CAD mortality rates and the proportion of acute and chronic CAD forms. An expert assessment in the studied Russian regions revealed errors in the preparation of medical certificate of cause of death. A decrease in the proportion of acute CAD types was noted in the Russian Federation as a whole, as well as in the Samara, Kaliningrad, and Tula regions, and an increase in the Belgorod and Tomsk regions. A decrease in the proportion of chronic CAD forms was noted in the Tula region, and an increase in the Russian Federation as a whole, Samara, Kaliningrad, Tomsk and Belgorod regions. An expert assessment in the studied regions revealed the following peculiarities in death certificates: the proportion of certificates with three completed lines of part 1 of paragraph 22 ranges from 11,1 to 30,3%.Conclusion. The high CAD mortality rate in the studied regions is associated mainly with errors in the selection of chronic CAD forms as the initial cause of death. Differences in mortality rates from CAD in a number of regions are associated with the incorrect selection, most often, of chronic forms as the initial cause of death before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Increasing the life expectancy of the Russian population is the most important goal of the country’s national policy. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this indicator has decreased in most countries worldwide, including Russia, which necessitates research in this domain. Life expectancy levels greatly vary across Russian regions. The goal of this study is to evaluate the extent to which the targeted life expectancy goals have been attained in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation. The study relies on the systems approach, the critical approach, content analysis, and demographic analysis. The novelty of the study lies in the conclusion that the life expectancy target outlined in the Strategy for the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and Provision of National Security for the Period up to 2035, aimed at reaching the level of 78 years by 2024, will not be met. This assertion is substantiated by an analysis of long-term trends. The Arctic regions are categorized based on their progress toward the strategic life expectancy goal: the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District has come closest to achieving it, while the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Karelia, and the Arkhangelsk Region face the most challenging circumstances. We have identified key avenues for increasing life expectancy in each Arctic region, with measures to prevent mortality from external causes showing significant potential for reducing premature deaths. A comparative analysis shows that at the current state of healthcare infrastructure development in Russia, regional differences do not exert a decisive impact on life expectancy. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen efforts to encourage regular medical check-ups, making them an annual practice for all age groups. This approach would facilitate the early diagnosis of critical illnesses and reduce premature mortality. As a rule, the availability of medical services in the Russian Arctic is higher than the average around the country, as evidenced by statistical data on the development of a network of medical institutions and their medical staffing. Also, most Arctic regions have a lower proportion of the rural population than the national average, with the exception of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Telemedicine and mobile healthcare services should be used more actively, particularly in locations such as remote settlements, onshore and offshore oil platforms, and nomadic routes. There is a need for an effective mechanism of government support for corporate employee wellness programs that make a real contribution to reducing the loss of work time due to sick leaves. It is also vital to promote a healthy lifestyle, engaging the population in physical activities and sports, as the Russian Arctic already has the necessary facilities and conditions.

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system (DMSS) are a topical social, medical, and economic problem. They are widespread and account for about 10% of the overall morbidity and primary disability of population, about 5% of primary morbidity, and about 0.1% of mortality. The reliable statistics are important to analyze the situation and make necessary adjustments to the organization of medical care.Objective. To examine the accuracy of the data on morbidity and mortality from DMSS in the Tula region.Materials and Methods. Data from statistical reports, reference documents, and databases of Tula region residents (including those who died in 2000–2011) were used.Results. The inequality in growth rates of general and primary morbidity were revealed, which is indicative of incorrect coding and underestimation of DMSS in medical organizations of the Tula region.A comprehensive phased statistical study was carried out to assess validity of the mortality data, including the following: verification of databases for errors using an automated system; control of postmortal diagnosis quality using the four-digit subcategory code in accordance with the WHO recommendations; analysis according to the initial and multiple causes of death. Underestimation of mortality from rheumatoid arthritis by about 25% was revealed. Attention was paid to the implementation and use of automated systems.

The encoding of cases of disease and death is the translation of clinical diagnoses into alphanumeric code with observance of certain rules. Properly selected ICD-10 codes ensure reliability of statistical data that undoubtedly affects quality of managerial decisions. The article considers results of analysis of information from primary medical documentation (in-patient medical record, discharged patient statistical record) and its comparing with the ICD-10 codes. The detailed analysis of encoding errors is presented. The structure of hospital morbidity and mortality of patients of palliative care department of multidisciplinary hospital is analyzed.

Objective: To elucidate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infection among the people who died in Moscow in 2015-2017, by studying the primary medical records of a representative sample of fatal outcomes, followed by the mathematical extrapolation of the data obtained to the total number of all deaths., Material and Methods: The 2015-2017 primary medical documentations from 8 therapeutic-and-preventive establishments with morbid anatomy units in the administrative districts and from 2 infectious diseases hospitals of the Moscow Healthcare Department were studied. The sample of those who died was 11.8-12.1% of the total number of all-cause deaths in Moscow during these years and was representative at a 0.95 confidence probability and a ±5% confidence interval. The Bernoulli theorem and the Laplace function for the 95% confidence probability were used to extrapolate the obtained data to the number of all those who died in these years., Results: The mortality rates associated with acute viral hepatitis B and C were 0.04-0.07 and 0-0.008, respectively, per 100,000 population, which corresponds to the official statistical data. The mortality rates for chronic viral hepatitis and liver cirrhosis in their outcomes, including hepatocellular carcinomas in their presence, exceeded the official statistical data by many times, accounting for 0.5-1.6 and 10.4-12.1 persons with viral hepatitis B and C, respectively, per 100,000 population and rose by 22.5% over 3 years. The rates obtained for hepatitis B virus were 1.7-5.6 lower, and those for hepatitis C virus were, on the contrary, 1.3-1.5 times higher than average in the European Union countries. There was a manifold (7.4-24-fold) prevalence of hepatitis C virus in the etiology of chronic liver damage. The mortality from liver cirrhosis of alcoholic and unknown etiology was 14.4-19.5 persons per 100,000 population and declined by 21% over 3 years. The percentage of deaths caused by acute viral hepatitis was 0.5% per 100,000 population in Moscow in 2017; that caused by chronic viral hepatitis, including liver cirrhosis in the outcome and hepatocellular carcinoma, which had developed in their presence, was 46.3%; and that of liver cirrhosis of alcoholic and unspecified etiology was 48.7% of the total number of all liver lesions., Conclusion: The study of primary medical records of a representative sample of fatal outcomes, followed by the mathematical extrapolation of the data obtained to the number of all deaths, makes it possible to objectively estimate the burden of mortality from hepatitis B and C viral infection.