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The relevance of the study. The largest anthropogenic pressure associated with the exploitation of natural resources in the Tomsk region falls on the oil and gas industry. Geoecological analysis of the territory showed that the northern administrative regions are the most vulnerable areas, while the main factor in oil pollution of the soil is pipeline accidents. Bioremediation is a low-cost and environmentally friendly method of restoring contaminated areas. An effective approach to the bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils is isolation indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms and creation biological products based on the strains. The main aim of the study is developing an industrial consortium based on indigenous hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria from soils of the North Tomsk Region and evaluating its effectiveness for bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils. Objects and methods. Cultures of indigenous hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms were obtained under selective conditions from the crude oil contaminated soil sample, Soviet oil field, Tomsk Region. Isolated strains were identified using molecular genetic methods based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The physiological and biochemical properties of the isolates were studied by standard methods, and the morphology of the cells was studied microscopically. To assess the effectiveness of a biological product based on the selected strain, field tests were carried out in oil-contaminated areas. Quantitative chemical analysis for the total content of petroleum products in the soil was performed by fluorimetric method. Results. During the study, three novel strains of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the genera Acinetobacter and Oleomonas were isolated from oil-contaminated soils in the Tomsk Region and characterized. Indigenous microorganisms are characterized by reduced optimums of temperature and pH in comparison with type strains. Based on the identified microorganisms, a commercial biological product «Aborigen» was developed for bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils and wetlands. The experimental restoration of oil-contaminated soils with the help of a preparation of indigenous microorganisms-destructors has significantly reduced the time compared to self-restoration of soil cover during natural processes. Field tests showed high efficiency of oil destruction under the influence of a biological product – on average, in eight experimental sites, the total content of oil products in the soil was reduced 12,4 times in three months.

The summarized experimental data on ombrophilic bacteria isolated from dystrophic waters formed by a mycobacterial community during the process of spruce wood decomposition are presented. It was demonstrated that the ombrophilic microbial community was characterized by wide phylogenetic diversity at the initial stage of spruce wood decomposition by xylotrophic fungi under low mineralization conditions. It was noted that bacteria were able to grow under acidic and ultrafresh conditions and most of them were referred to oligotrophs. It was determined that all isolated ombrophilic bacteria divided into three groups depending on the substrate specifity: saccharolytic, acidotrophic bacteria, and bacteria, which used C1-compounds as the substrate. The position of the ombrophilic bacteria in the trophic chain was determined.

The database on microorganism culture depositary is designed with using MS Access 2010. Three major modules, namely general description, administration, storage, compound database kernel. Description of information in these modules is given. Web page of the depositary is developed on the database.

Aim: Study the effect of exometabolites of associative microbiota on circadian dynamics of functional parameters, that reflect pathogenic and persistence properties of fungi and bacteria., Materials and Methods: Clinical isolates of Candida albicans, isolated-from intestine of healthy individuals and patients with candidosis, as well as clinical isolates and museum ATCC strains Staphylococcus. aureus 25923, Escherichia coli 35218 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853 were taken for study of proliferative, adhesive, catalase, protease, phospholipase, hemolytic, anti-lysozyme, biofilm-forming activity. The results were treated statistically., Results: C. albicans isolates, isolated from healthy individuals were revealed to be indifferent to the effect of bacterial metabolites. Chrono-infrastructure of biological properties of fungi altered under the effect of microbiota metabolites. Hospital isolates of S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa displayed a relative stability of physiological properties against the effect of bacterial-fungal metabolites as opposed to museum strains., Conclusion: The alterations of chrono-infrastructure of biological rhythms of microorganisms by bacterial-fungal metabolites of associants reflect the intensity of the biological system, that is inevitable during the process of formation of inter-microbial interactions.

An anaerobic microbial consortium that degrades benzene- and p-toluenesulfonate to form methane and fatty acids has been produced. Pure cultures of three strains of anaerobic spore-forming bacteria Clostridium spp., as well as the sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio sp., were isolated and characterized. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains showed that pure cultures of clostridia strains 14, 24, and 21 are close to Clostridium lituseburense DSM 797T, C. sartagoforme DSM 1292T, and C. pascui DSM 10365T, and the sulfate-reducing strain SR1 is genotypically closer to Desulfovibrio aminophilus ALA-3T. Preliminary characterization of isolated bacteria makes it possible to assume that these are new species of the genera Clostridium and Desulfovibrio, the distinctive feature of which is the ability to incorporate aromatic sulfonates in their metabolisms.

Investigation of microbial taxonomic diversity and of the rates of microbial processes of production and decomposition of organic matter made it possible to establish considerable diversity and activity of the sulfur cycle microorganisms in the microbial community of Lake Beloe (pH 9.4, salinity 3.1 g/L) upper sediment layer. According to the results of pyrosequencing, of the 16S rRNA gene, bacteria involved in H2 formation and oxidation were numerically predominant and highly diverse. The Hydrogenophaga spp. dominating in the community are aerobic or facultatively anaerobic chemoorgano- and chemolithoautotrophs using hydrogen oxidation as the source of energy. They play an important role in the transitory zones of mixing of subterranean and surface water.

This study determined the characteristic features of microbial communities inhabiting frozen soils of Central Sakha. All groups of microorganisms were present in high numbers comparable with the microbial densities in steppe soils of Transbaikalia; their distribution along soil profiles followed a specific pattern with no decrease in abundance with depth. In summer, the dominant groups of the microbial pool were actinomycetes and oligonitrophilic bacteria, while in autumn it was heterotrophic bacteria. A typical feature of the frozen soils of Central Sakha was the gradual penetration of microorganisms into deeper soil horizons during the vegetation season and their accumulation in the suprapermafrost horizon by autumn.

The microcosm method was used to demonstrate an increase in bacterial numbers and drastic changes in the taxonomic structure of saprotrophic bacteria as a result of mechanical grinding of Sphagnum moss. Ekkrisotrophic agrobacteria predominant in untreated moss were replaced by hydrolytic bacteria. Molecular biological approaches revealed such specific hydrolytic bacteria as Janthinobacterium agaricum and Streptomyces purpurascens among the dominant taxa. The application of kinetic technique for determination of the physiological state of bacteria in situ revealed higher functional diversity of hydrolytic bacteria in ground moss than in untreated samples. A considerable decrease of the C/N ratio in ground samples of living Sphagnum incubated using the microcosm technique indicated decomposition of this substrate.

Production of gaseous hydrocarbons by the microbial community of the Posolsky Bank methane seep bottom sediments (Southern Baikal) was studied at 4°C. Formation of both methane and a heavier gas- eous hydrocarbon, ethane, was detected in enrichment cultures. The highest methane concentrations (6.15 and 4.51 mmol L(-1)) were revealed in enrichments from the sediments from 55-cm depth incubated with-so- dium acetate and H2/CO2 gas mixture, respectively. A decrease in activity of aceticlastic methanogensand a decrease in methane concentration produced by hydrogenotrophic archaea occurred with depth. The highest concentration of ethane was revealed in enrichments from the microbial community of the layer close to gas hydrates (75 cm) incubated with CO2 as a substrate. According to analysis of the 16S rRNA gene fragments from the clone library, these enrichments were found to contain members of the phylum Crenarchaeota form- ing a separate cluster with members of the class Thermoprotei. The phylum Euryarchaeota was represented by nucleotide sequences of the organisms homologous to members of the orders Methanococcales, Methanosa- rcinales, and Thermoplasmatales.

Two cyanobacterial cultures from rice paddies of Kyzylorda region, Kazakhstan were isolated and characterized: Anabaena variabilis and Nostoc calsicola. Based on these cultures, new consortia ofcyanobacteria, microalgae and Azotobacter were developed: ZOB-1 (Anabaena variabilis, Chlorella vulgaris, and Azotobacter sp.) and ZBOB-2 (Nostoc calsicola, Chlorella vulgaris, and Azotobacter sp.). High growth rate and photosynthetic activity of microalgae were observed in these consortia. The active consotrium ZOB-1 was selected, which improvd germination and growth of rice plants. ZOB-1 was recommended as a biostimulator and biofertilizer for crops.

The properties of a consortium of microorganisms InMI/CH7 selected from of industrial effluent samples have been investigated. The ability of strains to form biofilms was shown to be correlated with their sensitivity to toxicants.

The nitrogen-fixating and cellobiohydrolase activity, the nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) contents, and the number of microorganisms in the prestomach, cecum, and colon of two vole species were studied: the southern vole (Microtus rossiaemeridionalis) and the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), which is characterized by a mixed type of diet. The nitrogen-fixating activity in the cecum was found to be the highest in the voles compared with the mammals studied earlier. The seasonal dynamics of both nitrogenase and cellobiohydrolase activities was registered in the southern vole. The structure of the microbial complex in the southern vole is more varied and includes microorganisms associated with plant substrates.

Aim: Study the composition of bile and feces microflora in patients with mechanical jaundice of various geneses., Materials and Methods: 66 feces and 25 bile samples during nasobiliary decompression were studied bacteriologically., Results: In all patients disorders of normal intestine microflora were detected. Patient bile in 84% of cases was infected by bacteria among which enterococci and urease positive enterobacteria predominated. In 30% of cases in patients identical species of bacteria were simultaneously detected in bile samples and in high titers (6.0 - 6.5 lg CFU/ml) in feces., Conclusion: In mechanical jaundice caused by biliary duct obturation in all the patients dysbiotic events of digestive tract are registered, that defines the necessity to improve bacteriological examination of patients with mechanical jaundice and reasonability of disrupted normal intestine microflora correction.

Bacterial diseases of weeds horsetail common (Equisetum arvense L.) were revealed in the crops of wheat and soya in the fields of Kyiv and Vinnitsia Regions of Ukraine. The distinctive symptoms of bacterial affections on the root neck, on stalks of vegetative and spore shoots, on twigs were brown, dark brown or almost black necrotic spots of oblong form. The necroses increased in size, embraced the stalks. The stalks broke, the plants dried up. Patterns of affected plants, isolated and identified phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Pantoea agglomerans and Curtobacterium sp. were analyzed These bacteria caused pathological process on the horsetail common, wheat and soy under the conditions of artificial inoculation. The composition of bacteria species was different in different years depending on temperature conditions of vegetative period.

Aim: Comparative study of the microbiota of neonates in relation to vaginal and intestinal microflora state of conditionally healthy primipara pregnant women., Materials and Methods: Bacteriological study of vaginal and intestinal microflora of 24 conditionally healthy primipara pregnant women at week 32 and 38 of pregnancy as well as bacteriological study of meconium and feces at day 5 of their neonates was performed., Results: Despite detection of lactobacilli by delivery in all the pregnant women their quantity was significantly lower than normal. In colon microflora dysbiotic changes corresponding to grade 1 (46.7%) and 2 (53.3%) dysbacteriosis were detected. In 60.0% of cases of conditionally healthy neonates various microorganism species were isolated from meconium. At day 5 in feces of neonates at natural feeding lactobacilli (85.8%), bifidobacteria and escherichia (71.4% each), enterococci (100%) were detected., Conclusion: The course of dysbiotic changes in vagina and intestines of conditionally healthy pregnant women had subclinical level. Detection of microorganisms in meconium in conditionally healthy neonates could be explained by translocation mechanism.

Purpose of the work was designing and prototyping of microbial fuel cells (MFC) and comparative evaluation of the electrogenic activity of wastewater autochthonous microorganisms as well as bacterial monocultures. Objects were model electrogenic strain Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, and an Ochrobactrum sp. strain isolated from the active anode biofilm of MFC composed as an electricity generating system. The study employed the methods typically used for aerobic and anaerobic strains, current measurement, identification of new electrogenic strains in microbial association of wastewater sludge and species definition by rRNA 16-S. As a result, two MFCs prototypes were tried out. Besides, it was shown that electrogenic activity of S. oneidensis MR-1 and Ochrobactrum sp. monocultures is similar but differs from that of the microbial association of the anode biofilm.

The influence of lactite and lactulose on growth of probiotic strains B. subtilis UKM 5139 and B. subtilis UKM 5140 and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms has been studied. It is shown that the extent of influence of these substances depends on their concentration. Addition of lactite or lactulose in the nutrient medium stimulated growth of probiotic bacilli strains in concentration of 15-20 % and inhibited growth of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. It specifies the prebiotic properties of the studied disaccharides. It is established that the extent of inhibition of P. vulgaris, S. flexnery, S. enterica abony, E. coli 028 by lactulose was higher in comparison with the extent of their inhibition by lactite, but in turn lactite was more effective in relation to the strains E coli ATCC 25922, C. albicans, S. derby and S. aureus.

Aim: Development of methodical approach of evaluation of microbial "friend-foe" identification in human intestine microsymbiocenosis., Materials and Methods: 9 bifidobacteria cultures (dominants) and 18 opportunistic microorganism strains (associants) isolated from patients during examination for intestine dysbiosis and identified by conventional methods were used. Evaluation of microbial "friend-foe" identification in microsymbiocenosis was performed by author developed technique that is based on determination of growth factors (GF), anti-lysozyme activity (ALA) and formation of biofilms (BFF) of associants co-incubated with exometabolites of dominants. GF, ALA, BFF were studied photometrically (Bukharin O.V., 1999, 2009; O'Toole G.A., 2000). The data were statistically analyzed by Fisher-Student criteria., Results: The detected opposite (increase/reduction) phenomenon of the "dominant-associant" pair allowed realization of the "friend-foe" identification in microsymbiocenosis. Associants (E. coli and Enterococcus faecium) were "friend" species, in which bifidobacteria exometabolites did not change growth properties and stimulated ALA (by 17,5--32%) and BFF (by 25 - 39%). Associants (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans) were "foe" microsymbiont species, in which bifidoflora exometabolites decreased GF (by 20,7--68%), ALA (by 22,7--54%) and BFF (by 22,5 --39%)., Conclusion: Indigenous microflora during microsymbiocenosis formation can participate in "friend-foe" identification, the basis of which is determined by microsymbiont exometabolites. The data obtained open a perspective of understanding mechanisms of intramicrobial interactions and can be used for both diagnostics and optimal selection of "candidates" during creation of new probiotics and synbiotics.

Aim: Detection of features of qualitative and quantitative composition of large intestine microbiocenosis of humans with various degree of local metabolic disorders during dysbacterioses due to various causes., Materials and Methods: Microflora of large intestine and content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in coprofiltrates of 330 adult humans with large intestine dysbacterioses due to various causes were studied., Results: It was established, that high MDA content in coprofiltrates matches higher quantities of opportunistic microorganisms and atypical escherichia in microflora composition of large intestine. Relation of MDA composition in coprofiltrates and factors that cause dysbacteriosis were not detected., Conclusion: The studies performed give evidence that changes in local metabolic activity may be a single mechanism of development of large intestine dysbacterioses that are caused by various factors.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of integument microflora using chromatography-mass spectrometry enables the determination of each crewmember's microflora composition, i.e. families and genders, during space mission. Microbiological investigations of cosmo nauts' integument resulted in identification of 51 taxons and groups of microorganisms. Microbial populations are directly dependent on the environmental factors and mission duration. The most representative diagnostically relevant ('reference') biotopes were brought to light.

Aim: Evaluation of influence of microbial epithelial interactions on growth properties and antagonistic activity of dominant and associated vaginal microflora., Materials and Methods: Growth characteristics and antagonistic activity changes were studied in associated (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium spp.) and dominant (Lactobacilus spp.) microflora during contact with vaginal epitheliocytes and influence of vaginal epitheliocyte secretory products by using the developed technique., Results: Secretory products of vaginal epitheliocytes and vaginal epitheliocytes differentially influence growth factors of vaginal microbiocenosis. Suppression of S. aureus and E. coli biomass growth based predominately on extracellular secretory products of epitheliocytes was observed. Stimulation of growth properties was prevalent for lactobacilli and corynebacteria and was observed in contact interaction as well as during effect of epitheliocyte extracellular secretory products., Conclusion: The resulting bacterial-epithelial interaction is a differentiating feature between autochthonous and allochthonous microflora due to the creation of selective advantages for dominant microsymbionts by growth properties and antagonistic activity stimulation, and biomass growth suppression of associated symbionts.