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A model has been developed and patterns of mutual influence of the electrophysical parameters of a transistor structure with a two-dimensional channel, due to the self-organization of charge and capacitive properties under conditions of charge instability, have been obtained. Transition metal dichalcogenides are considered as a material for a two-dimensional channel. The influence on the electrical parameters of a transistor structure with a two-dimensional semiconductor channel of the band gap of the channel material, the thickness of the gate dielectric, and the capacitance of interface states is considered. It is shown that under conditions of instability caused by an increase in the capacitance of interface states, the dependence of the electrochemical potential, electron concentration and quantum capacitance on the potential of the field electrode has an abrupt form. The results obtained are explained by the fact that, under conditions of instability, an increase in the capacitance of interface states leads to a mismatch between the electrical neutrality condition and the Fermi-Dirac statistics at certain val ues of the gate potential due to the limited nature of the density of states of the two-dimensional channel, which leads to the manifestation of a charge imbalance. The resulting effect is similar to the metal-semiconductor transition and can be attributed to bistable critical phenomena. The developed model and the results obtained can be used in computer-aided design systems for the element base of micro- and nanoelectronics.

This article is a review of Pippin Barr’s book The Stuff Games Are Made Of (2023), which explores various elements of game worlds. Over the course of ten chapters, including introduction and conclusion, the author of the monograph examine samples with stable basic concepts of computer games and their production. Being a game designer and a theorist, Pippin Barr reflects on many ‘medianized’ aspects of computer games, such as goals and rules, calculations and algorithms, graphics and interface, time and space, cinematography prism, cruelty and violence, and monetarization.

Modern graphical interfaces define the user's experience according to various metaphorical spectra – bringing it closer to bureaucratic, then to ritualistic, then to magical interactions over reality. The article suggests a view according to which the basis of this metaphor lies in the idea and image of utopia, and the first forms of realization of such utopia by geometric, optical and technical means, taking into account their philosophical, speculative and eidetic orientation belong to the Renaissance. The utopia of such a geometrized and optically verified city is gradually passing into our logic of thinking about speculative cities, possible spaces of life in general, including graphic user interfaces, Leonardo da Vinci's concepts of space, light, physicality, as well as the features of his approach to using the elements to create environments of life are considered in which: 1) technology does not use styles, but is embedded in them; 2) the space of life is organized not by the material embodiment of ideas, but by involvement through geometric and optical effects in the game of ideas, i.e. it is not the visible forms of the city that become important, but the conditions that allow you to see and navigate; 4) the physicality of the utopian optical-geometric project, in its instrumental and behavioral features, becomes the model that subsequent optical media will focus on, up to the invention of the graphical user interface.

The results of a study of the optical properties of thin films based on indium tin oxides (ITO) with single-walled carbon nanotubes are presented. ITO thin films were deposited onto K8 crown glass substrates using laser-oriented deposition. Using the same method, single-walled carbon nanotubes were deposited onto the ITO surface. To vary the parameters of the interface, the average electric field strength in the range of 100–600 V/cm was adjusted during the deposition process. Identification of the structures was carried out by ellipsometry in the spectral range of 200–800 nm. To interpret the ellipsometry results of ITO thin films on K8 crown glass substrates, the Cauchy (for substrates) and Lorentz (for ITO) models were used together. The ITO–carbon nanotubes interface analysis was carried out by effective medium approximation and the Lorentz model using several oscillators. It has been shown, that in laser-oriented deposition of carbon nanotubes onto the surface of ITO thin films, according to the effective medium approximation, the thickness of the carbon nanotubes-ITO interface varies in the range of 23–36 nm with the percentage of carbon nanotubes in the range of 30–64 % at the interface. The increase in these parameters correlates with an increase in the average electric field strength during the deposition of carbon nanotubes. In accordance with the Lorentz model, a long-wavelength shift of the extinction coefficient peaks and a decrease in the refractive index of the interface in the visible region are observed. This phenomenon is caused by the implantation of carbon nanotubes into ITO. As the electric field strength increases, the contribution of laser-deposited carbon nanotubes to the ITO–carbon nanotubes interface increases, which is accompanied by a decrease in the refractive index in the visible region and a long-wavelength shift of the extinction coefficient peaks. The data obtained indicate the formation of a composite structure based on ITO with carbon nanotubes, the optical properties of which can be controlled by the average electric field strength during the laser-oriented deposition. These structures can be used in the design of optical electronics elements problems in cases where optical matching with adjacent functional layers is necessary.

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The Tamagotchi device, which became one of the symbols of the 90s, is extremely interesting for media archaeology for at least three reasons. Firstly, in conditions of relative freedom of technology perception standards, large companies were not afraid to take risks by offering items to the market that were provocative and experimental, both in technological and social dimensions. Secondly, in the case of the Tamagotchi, an object was proposed that, through its activity, was meant not just to communicate or enable something but to introduce "noises"—various deviations and distortions into the structures of experience normalized by everyday life, producing hybridity and spontaneity, claiming an impossible transformation of a stable order. Thirdly, interaction with the Tamagotchi was not a game and, moreover, not a utilitarian practice. A new model of interaction with technology was designated—as with a living being, with its needs, cycles, stimuli, and possible responses to interaction. Individuals correlated themselves with these cycles, finding themselves in the sphere of influence of Tamagotchi's attraction—not as users or owners, not as players or hosts, but as caring and contemplative individuals, as someone who were deeply involved in the growth and development of another life—the formation of an autonomous presence. Instead of some limited and unambiguous functionality, a lifestyle was offered. All these features of the Tamagotchi are at the hearts of our perception of mobile interfaces in all their non-obvious totality. We build our behavior in accordance to them, they participate in the interpretation of the experience, they are included in the events happening to us, they participate in the emergence, distribution, and experience of emotions. They are not so much tools as they are companions. They affect us not so much through metaphors, but as elements that, no matter how imperceptibly, influence the forms of life, making them possible or impossible. The article shows how and why the influence of the Tamagotchi has developed — the influence which has allowed the proto-elements of the mobile interface to function not at the level of communication in value systems, but at the level of transformation of presence.

This article addresses the profound and multifaceted understanding of interfaces in the modern technological era, focusing on integrating ontological, ethical, and aesthetical approaches in interface research. It considers various aspects of human-machine interaction from philosophical, ethical, and aesthetic viewpoints, revealing the complex connections between technological progress and human experience. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of contemporary approaches to interface research, covering its complexity and diversity, as well as identifying current trends and challenges in the field. The findings indicate that successful interface study requires an integrated approach, including the analysis of functional, ethical, aesthetic, and cultural aspects. The article highlights the importance of cross-disciplinary research in developing interfaces that can reflect and develop contemporary cultural and social contexts. The conclusions of this article are relevant to the researchers in the field of interface design, implementators, and a broad audience interested in understanding the interplay between technological innovations and the socio-cultural context.

The joint convection of two viscous heat-conducting liquids in a three-dimensional layer bounded by flat solid walls was studied. The upper wall is thermally insulated, and the lower wall has a non-stationary temperature field. The liquids are immiscible and separated by a flat interface with complex conjugation conditions set on it. The evolution of this system in each liquid was described by the Oberbeck–Boussinesq equations. The solution of the problem was sought for velocities that are linear in two coordinates and temperature fields that are quadratic functions of the same coordinates. Thus, the problem was reduced to a system of 10 nonlinear integro-differential equations. Its conjugate and inverse nature is determined by the four functions of time. Integral redefinition conditions were set to find them. The physical meaning of the integral conditions is the closeness of the flow. The inverse initial-boundary value problem describes convection near the temperature extremum point on the lower solid wall in a two-layer system. For small Marangoni numbers, the problem was approximated linearly (the Marangoni number is analogous to the Reynolds number in the Navier–Stokes equations). Using the obtained a priori estimates, sufficient conditions were identified for the non-stationary solution to become a stationary one over time.

For the first time, the adsorption of germanium atoms on the (100) face of tungsten was calculated using the density functional theory. The tungsten substrate was made as a 2D layer. The W 2D layer was modeled by a W(100) 2×2×2 supercell. The calculation of the electron density of state and the adsorption energy of a Ge atom was carried out for three adsorption sites of the Ge atom: in the hollow position, in the bridge position between surface W atoms, and above the surface W atom: one Ge atom per 8 surface W atoms (most preferably adsorption of a germanium atom in hollow position). The adsorption energy is significant: 6,38 eV. The adsorption of Ge atoms leads to an insignificant reconstruction of the W surface: the maximum shift of W atoms does not exceed 0,15 Å. The valence band of the W(100) 2D layer is formed mainly by W 5d electrons, with an insignificant contribution of W 6s electrons. The Ge band is formed by Ge 4p electrons and Ge 4s electrons.

Digital technologies significantly simplify housing and communal services management processes. However, when using digital technologies in housing and communal services, obstacles and risks may arise. This article presents the results of a study by the Laboratory of Marketing Research and Development R&D Marketing.Lab, Perm State National Research University on the attitude of the population to the digitalization systems of urban management operating in the city of Perm. The survey results confirm that Perm residents with higher education have a positive attitude towards the idea of automatic transmission of readings using Internet of Things sensors. Most of the 56-65 years old age category of the population of Perm either have a negative or neutral attitude towards the use of Internet of Things sensors in the housing and communal services sector. Governmental information system for housing and communal services has a low rating among residents of Perm. The most convenient for users of housing and communal services among web services is the website of the Permenergosbyt company.

With tight deadlines for designing and mastering the production of structurally complex products, the production of prototypes occupies a special place in their life cycle. On the one hand, this process crowns the design development, and on the other hand, it precedes the technological preparation of the main production. Despite the importance of the issues of developing a scientifically based model of technological preparation for the production of prototypes, they have not yet been adequately reflected in scientific research. This is partly due to ethical considerations, since in the field of information technology a developer, in some cases, cannot disclose the results of his research until a certain time. The purpose of the study was to develop an interface for an automated system for the technological preparation of the production of prototypes of structurally complex products, carried out to simplify the interaction of the technologist-designer with the system. During the research, an interface for an auto[1]mated system for structural analysis of prototypes of structurally complex products and a system for automated design of technological processes for manufacturing prototypes of structurally complex products were developed.

When creating modern cars, in addition to analog and mechanical devices, digital technologies are also very widely used. The article considers the process of software development for group unloading of text phrases into a database in the C# programming language and using Windows Presentation Framework, which is reasonable to apply to facilitate the tasks of developing car diagnostics procedures. The goal is to development of software for group uploading of text phrases to a database in the C# programming language and using the Windows Presentation Framework (WPF). The method or methodology of the work: the article discusses a project to develop a WPF application for group uploading of text phrases to a database. Results: a program with a UI interface has been developed to automate the unloading of phrases into the database. Scope of the results: the obtained results should be used to facilitate the tasks of developing car diagnostic procedures.

The development of software products for process automation is becoming more and more in demand. One of the main directions is the creation of software to automate the preparation of the client base to form the execution environment update, which allows the business to significantly simplify and optimize this process. Purpose: describe the development of a program in C# using MS Visual Studio 2019 to automate writing data to a MySQL database and adding them to an HTML page, including receiving data from the user and creating a convenient and intuitive interface. Method and methodology of the work: description of the development of a program in C# using MS Visual Studio 2019 to automate writing data to a MySQL database and adding them to an HTML page with a user-friendly interface. Results: program with a UI interface has been developed to automate the preparation of the client base for the formation of an update. Scope of the results: programming, automation of writing data to a MySQL database and adding it to an HTML page.

Background. The work is devoted to the study of the processes of interaction between the company and consumers within the framework of the information services provided in order to improve or innovate the methods of voice communication for further operation and automation; as well as to substantiate the need for local research through the growth of automation of interaction and the speed of obtaining and perception of information. Materials and methods. Materials from open sources on the Internet, simulation modeling, data analysis, systems theory, system approach. Results. Information systems at Russian Railways using voice information methods have been studied, the area within which automation of user interaction with the system is possible has been analyzed, a simulation model of customer interaction with the system using voice information has been built to ensure the issuance of information on request. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, a solution was proposed for automation in the field of event-based informing of customers using the transport services of Russian Railways, company employees in order to improve information processing and automation of work with it. The proposed model will demonstrate and justify the issuance, processing and transmission of information for the transition to the introduction of voice information, through an assessment of the perception and reaction of the company’s employees to the implementation of audio accompaniment and interaction with the system through voice. As a result, it is proposed to develop a model reflecting the possibility of working with an information system using voice guidance and information.

Capacitance spectroscopy was used to study the capacitive-voltage characteristics of multilayer structures with a Si-SiO2 transition layer in Al-SiO2-n-Si type samples fabricated by the thermal oxidation of a semiconductor. It is shown that the inhomogeneous distribution of the density of surface states is a localized electroactive center at the very semiconductor-dielectric interface, due to over-barrier charge emission or thermal ionization of impurity centers.

The functioning of urban space in games is often passive, since the city acts as an object of observation, a scenery for the player’s actions. In the Disco Elysium game, the city receives its voice, soul, and will, which the player can observe by activating the “Shivers” skill. This study analyzes how the “Shivers” skill encodes the actual space of the city and what functions it performs for the player. We used the theoretical frame of K. Lynch and identified five patterns of encoding paths, boundaries, nodes, landmarks, and time. Each of these patterns symbolically rethinks the actual space, translating it into the virtual language of artistic techniques. The analysis revealed that the use of a unifying interface for displaying mental chains, including the “Shivers” skill, shifts the focus from interpreting the visual appearance of space to drawing an analogy between the symbolic recoding of this space and the cognitive architecture of the protagonist. Thus the analogy is transformed into a “conciliatory contrast”. There is no need for a total renewal of space while a combination of conflicting qualities preserves, maintaining the essence of each of them.

Introduction. In modern life sciences, it is impossible to ignore the problems of viruses, bacteria, parasites and their impact on the ecosystems. But the interface is a human ecosystem of the digital age and a new formation of life, which means that it also needs to be understood from subdiscursive elements, such as digital analogues of viruses, bacteria, and parasites.Methodology and sources. Methodologically, the work is based on a philosophical analysis of the challenges and precedents of the digital field, examples of research literature, the methods of media philosophy, anarchist epistemology, and philosophical epidemiology are applied (M. Foucault, K. Kukso).Results and discussion. The article shows that the epistemological understanding of the interface should be supplemented with an epidemiological understanding, otherwise the principles and forms of life translated into numbers will elude theory.The interface is thought of as a condition of possibilities: discursive, instrumental, demonstrative. The interface is seen as an epistemological configuration (from the Greek ῐ̔ѧστημῐ, i.e. not just “possessing knowledge”, but “possessing”, – to establish, appoint) – as a form of power, i.e. as a series of forced measures, reacting to something not completely determined, spontaneous, but imperceptibly limiting and transforming the will, the very logic of the act, or the pragmatics of the action.Conclusion. To understand the interface, it is necessary to shift attention from various plugins, drivers, interactive mechanics that determine epistemological possibilities to microprocesses that build the interface as a user experience based on epidemiological restrictions.

The interface between liquid lead and sodium chloride after cooling and breaking the contact was investigated by the electron microscopy and X-ray spectral analysis. Accumulation of surface-active impurities, contained both in the bulk of lead and in sodium chloride was found on the fracture surface of the samples. As shown by the results of the X-ray diffraction analysis, the content of impurities on the surface of the sodium chloride substrate exceeds the bulk content by several orders of magnitude. A significant accumulation of silicon and indium impurities is also observed on the lead surface. Anisotropy of spreading of liquid lead over the surface of sodium chloride monocrystals is observed in the studied samples. The separation line of a solidified lead droplet on the surface of sodium chloride with orientation (110) deviates noticeably from a circle. In addition, on the electron microscopic image of the lead interface after detachment from the substrate of sodium chloride of orientation (110), there are areas in the form of a «cigar», in which the accumulation of impurities was detected. The orientation of these regions coincides with the crystallographic direction of the substrate.

Purpose. To study the state of interface “intraocular lens (IOL) — posterior capsule (PC)” depending on diameter of capsulorhexis in phacoemulsification of senile cataract.Patients and methods. 227 patients (227 eyes) were examined after phacoemulsification of senile cataract at LenSx femtosecond laser (Alcon, USA). The study did not include patients with corneal opacities, signs of axial displacement of lens, with irido- and phacodonesis, glaucoma, axial length less than 22 mm and more than 26 mm. Depending on diameter of performed capsulorhexis, we formed 3 groups: 1st group — 76 eyes with diameter capsulorexis 5.5 mm; 2nd group — 73 eyes with 5.0 mm; 3rd group — 78 eyes with 4.5 mm. We studied type of interface “IOL — PC”, the maximum value of PC diastasis and the maximum depth of its folds using an RTVue-100 Optical Coherence Tomography (Optovue, USA) on the first day after the operation.Results. The maximum number of eyes with absence of contact between IOL and PC was noted in the 3rd group (62.8 %), the largest number of eyes with full contact between IOL and PC (63.2 %) was in the 1st group. The minimum average depth of the PC folds (111.1 ± 32.7 μm) was noted in the 1st group, and the maximum (165 ± 75.4 μm) — in the 2nd group.Conclusion. The analysis showed that type of interface “IOL — PC” in the first day after phacoemulsification of senile cataract depends on diameter of capsulorhexis. The largest number of eyes (64.6 %) with full contact between IOL and PC was observed in the group of patients with capsulorhexis 5.5 mm, and the smallest (6.4 %) — in eyes with diameter capsulorexis 4.5 mm. Presumably, the main reason for the absence or incomplete contact between IOL and PC is the presence of viscous dispersive between them. The deformation of PC in the form of folds does not directly depend on diameter of capsulorhexis and, obviously, is due to the uneven tension of the capsular bag by the IOL haptics.

In this work, we study the lateral photovoltaic effect in the TiO2/SiO2/p-Si structure. It was found the giant lateral photoeffect occurs in the TiO2/SiO2/p-Si heterostructure due to the high built-in barrier formation at the SiO2/p-Si interface. The maximum LPE sensitivity ~600 mV/mm is observed in the TiO2/SiO2/p-Si structure under the TiO2 film deposition for 45 min. However, the LPE nonlinearity in this structure is too large for practical applications. A decrease of the nonlinearity is achieved by the TiO2 film thickness control. The structure fabricated by the TiO2 film deposition for 50 min has the LPE sensitivity and LPE nonlinearity are 477 mV/mm and 9%, respectively, which are more suitable for optoelectronic devise. The reason for the significant values of the rise time and fall time at pulsed illumination is the impedance behaviors of the TiO2/SiO2/p-Si structure in the near-contact region.

The article considers the organization and management of the processes of digitalization of libraries. The authors give their definition of the concept of a digital library. The paper reviews the advantages of the introduction of information and communication technologies in modern libraries, the demand for innovative digital library platforms from users. The study formulates frequent problems associated with the use of digital innovations, among which are the difficulties of managing electronic library systems. The authors note the lack of compatibility of the functionality of different platforms, which makes it difficult to transfer and adapt them from one library to another, as well as the difficulties of collecting statistics on the attendance of electronic libraries, available to both operators and users.The research paper raises the question about the development of a single standard of statistics for modern digital libraries. The study notes the necessity of creating user-friendly and understandable interfaces in electronic library applications. The problems of financing the services of digital libraries, library personnel, copyright compliance and dissemination of information about the activities of modern libraries as educational and leisure cultural centers are relevant. The authors point to the rethinking of traditional approaches to library management and the work of librarians as one of the most important tasks of organizing library systems.

Introduction. The article deals with finding environmental patterns for the digital environment – at the moment, digital environments are more likely to bring a person closer to machine and technical requirements. The article poses a question (and a detailed answer is given) about how and under what conditions technology does not absorb a person, but gives her the opportunity to reveal her potential, turning it into existential capital.Methodology and sources. Methodologically, the work is based on philosophical analytical research and precedents of the digital field, examples of research literature, methods of media philosophy, anarchic epistemology, and topological reflection are applied. In particular, the hypotheses of the digital space as simultaneously communicative and disciplinary (Habermas, Foucault) digital behaviorism by B. Fogg, the economics of forgiveness by D. Graeber, the anthropology of the game by R. Caillois, Internet animals by A. Pscher were analyzed: on their basis, the principles of digital ethology and ecology.Results and discussion. The task of converting interfaces into ecological and pharmacological environments is the task of organizing by means of interfaces of various types of agencies. They should be organized in such a way that the modes of energy consumption and operation are replaced by modes of energy saving and care. In this case, the interfaces of digital devices could be not a continuation of the technical bureaucracy, but the conditions for comprehending and collecting the experience of the world. The project for this reorganization of funds – from exploitation to pharmacology – was proposed in the article. The article shows that the interface of digital devices can be not only a tool (techne) or a form of vision and cognition of the world (episteme), but also an ecological life-saving environment (pharmacy) for this it is necessary to take into account a number of factors: 1) counter-standardization and counter-personalization of the interface – it must to collide not with oneself, but with another, in all the radicalism of one’s otherness; 2) the ability to move from meaning to presence, and focus not on the consumption of ideological texts as standardized scenarios, but on the creation of contexts of existential interaction; 3) rejection of the agonality of digital consumption (which leads to emotional burnout) in favor of recognizing the uniqueness and incommensurability of experience, and, accordingly, creating conditions for mutual recognition and mutual trust, which are the main capital of a modern person in an era of semantic impenetrability in digital, the growth of suspicion and cynicism.Conclusion. The interface turns from a disciplinary space into a field of care when it becomes possible by means of the interface to go beyond itself, when it grants the right to postponement, to inattention, to offline, when instead of a tool of intensifying life, it becomes a condition for its deeper living. To do this, one should turn from techniques of drawing attention in the interface to techniques of organizing and interpreting the experience of the world.

Macroporous silicon with a mesoporous nanostructured surface layer on its top was obtained by a method of electrochemical anodic etching. The frequency dependences of the dielectric coefficients for porous Si layers were measured in the frequency range 5∙10^(-3) < f < 10^6 Hz at a temperature of 295 K and an applied voltage of 1 V. A maximum of the dielectric loss tangent is revealed, which is most likely due to the predominance of the dipole relaxation mechanism of polarization. The distribution of relaxers over relaxation times has been. An interpretation of the results obtained from the point of view of the structure of the porous layer is proposed.

Background. The increasing complexity of tasks related to users’ interaction with the system requires us to develop novel approaches to user interface design that would improve functionality of the existing interfaces and allow us to create new ones. The present paper focuses on digital interfaces with the following characteristics: cognitive load, room for experimentation, changeability, and advanced analytics that makes it possible to identify and eliminate the system’s weak points. The research considers the main principles of digital interface design that facilitate building a user interface that supports various types of dialogue, and our main goal is to unify various approaches to designing and constructing such systems. Materials and methods. Having examined digital interfaces in terms of their functionality and communication requirements, we propose a novel approach to choosing between different ways of communication based on the characteristics and demands of the target audience. Results. Crucially, we offer new techniques for minimizing the cognitive load of a user interface. We further suggest solutions for the main information tasks related to user interfaces, such as building a visual hierarchy, placing emphasis, and identifying objects. Conclusions. Having identified and gathered the definitions, requirements and principles of interface design, we outline new ways to increase the speed of users’ performance and reduce human error, regardless of the particular tasks and purpose of the system.

To monitoring and optimization the operation of merchant vessels, remote access to the ship's systems, the so-called "ship-shore" networks, is being established. This requires the use of new complex digital electrical metering devices. Choosing the right and optimal device from the available on the current market is not an easy task. This article provides an overview of the typical electrical value analyzers used to create online data collection and transmission systems. A comparative review of the three devices currently widely used by different manufacturers (Phoenix Contact, Germany; ABB, Switzerland; DEIF, Denmark). The data reviewed is compiled into a table. Examples of the usage of these devices on specific vessels are given.

The paper deals with ensuring the accuracy of integrity of spacecraft components reference surfaces at various stages of design. It is shown that the main problem consists in the fact that the accuracy of integrity of the reference surfaces of the components making up the complex is maintained in the framework of the internal structure of a part. We propose a method of control over ensuring the accuracy of integrity of spacecraft components reference surfaces at various stages of design in the framework of their external structures. The method is implemented by introducing the coordinate system of the complex into the scheme of the complex of components that perform interrelated service functions. Concepts and definitions are introduced in the framework of the method that make possible formal representation of accuracy of integrity of the components reference surfaces in the form of a set of pairs of points the appropriate annotated dimensions are fixed on. Graphical interpretation of the method at the stages of development of technical requirements for the components is presented. An example of potential implementation of the method at the stage of design documentation development is given.

Modern conditions for the functioning of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, first of all, the training of military specialists in the conditions of reduced time and limited capabilities of the educational and training base determines new approaches to the organization of education and training. Therefore, the article discusses some aspects of development military-technical mobile applications that can be installed on various mobile devices and used in training military specialists. The authors consider the stages of creating mobile applications, the principles of construction, functions and tasks that should be solved by mobile military-technical applications. The results of the analysis of the pedagogical experiment with students who are studying at the Department of Military Training of Sumy State University allowed us to conclude that the use of mobile applications has a positive effect on improving the quality and increase of the level of training in the learning of military-technical disciplines. The directions of further research on the development of mobile military-technical applications are proposed.

The paper is purposed to establish the principles of the micro-structural changes of Pt-Si system during the rapid thermal treatment. The Pt films 43.7 nm thick were applied on the substrates of mono-crystal silicon KEF 0.5 with orientation (111) by means of the magnetron platinum target sputtering (purity of 99.95 %) on the unit MPC 603 with the cryogen pumping to the pressure of no less than 5∙10-5 Pa. Argon was used as a working medium, whose purity constituted 99.933 %. Rapid thermal treatment was performed in the mode of the thermal balance with irradiation of the reverse side of the wafer by means of the non-coherent light flow in the nitrogen medium within the temperature range from 200 to 550 °C with a step of 50 °С during 7 s. In parallel, the solid phase synthesis was performed of platinum silicide by means of the standard method with application of the continuous single stage thermal treatment in the analogue medium (T = 550 °C, t = 30 min). Temperature monitoring was performed by means of the thermal couple method with accuracy of ±0.5 °C. The grain size was determined by the translucent electron microscopy method. Thickness of platinum silicide under formation, its surface micro-relief and the separation boundaries with silicon were determined by means of the raster electron microscopy. It is demonstrated, that with the rise of the rapid thermal treatment one can observe growth of the platinum film on silicon. A comparative analysis was conducted of the average size of grains, micro-relief of the PtSi surface and its separation boundary with silicon for two methods of its formation with application of the rapid thermal treatment and with application of the traditional continuous thermal treatment at the temperature of 550 °C during 30 min in the nitrogen atmosphere. By means of the raster electron microscopy method it is demonstrated, that size of the micro-relief on the separation boundary of PtSi-Si does not exceed 15.9 nm and the size of grains is 37.7 nm. This is in 2.5 and 3.1 times smaller, then in the case of the traditional single stage continuous thermal treatment.

In this paper, I am looking for the common ground to judge video game’s formal qualities, such as its interface, the rule system and game goals, which would include and explain both intentionally and unintentionally subversive games labeled as ‘bad’ and ‘not games’. I start with two cases of games that subvert expectations to the degree when players actively refuse to recognize them as games. Such games have inspired a variety of research and critique, but there is surprisingly little agreement on what makes them “bad” or subversive, as opposed to typical genre-conforming violent games, which are supposed to be subversive or “bad” but rarely produce the same disruptive experience. Relying on existing analysis of subversive and violent games, I apply user-centered, goal-oriented approaches of UX design (Norman, 1998; Cooper, 2007) to games and complement this framework with a new category, ‘phantom affordances’: perceived formal properties of a game that actively afford an action but do not deliver the expected outcome. This category can be productively applied to describe and design subversions in games.

The article is devoted to the problem of optimizing the operational interaction between an educational materials and aids and the user. The author explains and justifies the need to create a polycode interface for interaction management, whose main features are simplicity, accessibility, versatility and ergonomics. It represents an original development of a multi-view interaction interface and its practical implementation.

This paper presents results of molecular dynamics simulations for ordered configurations of cobalt nanoalloys. Atomic diffusion in Janus particles with a diameter of 3.6 nm was studied in the temperature range up to 1200K. It was found that the diffusion coefficient significantly depends on the composition of nanoparticles, namely on the degree of dimensional mismatch of the nanoalloy components. At the same time, the diffusion coefficient increases slightly when the relative number of vacancies doubles from 1% to 2%.

The article describes a mathematical model of self-oscillation in the form of a boundary value problem for a nonlinear system of partial differential equations, with a numerical solution. The numerical results were compared to the experimental data to confirm the adequacy of the model. The model uses the classical system of differential equations of material balance, Nernst-Planck and Poisson equations without simplifications or fitting parameters. The aim of the article was to study the parameters of concentration self-oscillation in a layer of the dispersed phase particles of magnetic fluid at the interface with an electrode in an electric field. For this purpose, we developed a mathematical model, the consistency of which was confirmed by the corresponding physical mechanism. As a result of numerical experiments, we found the critical value of the potential jump after which self-oscillation began. We also determined the oscillation growth period and other characteristics of the process. We developed software called AutoWave01 with an intuitive user interface and advanced functionality for the study of self-oscillation in a thin layer of magnetic colloid.

Objectives. The aim of the study is to select methods and means for the effective modernization of the security system existing in the enterprise.Method. It is proposed to improve the access control mode using the access control system based on ARDUINO microcontrollers. To highlight the functions of the system and the requirements for it were built UML-diagrams. On the basis of these diagrams, the balls have developed a schematic electrical diagram of the hardware of the system with an indication of all its elements. At the next stage, an algorithm was proposed for the operation of the hardware of the access control system. The implementation of a part of the algorithm for information exchange between the device and the information system is shown in the form of a sketch using the example of packet transmission over an Ethernet network using the TCP protocol. An intuitive interface has been developed for interaction between the access control system and the end user. The necessary information is stored in a database created in a Microsoft SQL Server environment.Result. The developed system was tested at the enterprise by means of sketches and a multimeter. Test results allow us to conclude that the system is ready for implementation. Conclusion. The article describes one of the methods for upgrading the existing access control system through a more user-friendly interface and the addition of entry/exit functions.Acknowledgments. The work was commissioned by the company LLC «Kalinin Baranchinsky Electromechanical Plant».

The work examines the current problems of the spread of use of logical programming in the development of commercial multi-platform software applications, tools for convenient development of a modern graphical interface to the logical programs. Libraries with similar concepts of use have been analyzed and described. The purpose of the proposed concept, which is implemented as an open source library, is described, and the advantages of the proposed tools over similar existing tools are indicated. The main feature and advantage of the proposed concept is the implementation of Prolog business logic and interface by means of JavaScript usage of child processes. The proposed concept of interface to Prolog takes full advantage of the possibilities provided by async await. A framework library has been created for the use of Logic Programming in graphical interface development without losses in the application performance. The paper describes the proposed concept and the developed framework (library). The ways to further improve the possibilities for expanding the purpose of the implemented library were identified. The directions of further simplification for programmers of integration of the graphic interface to logical programs have been de- fined. A significant advantage of the proposed tool is the easy-to-use functions to wrap and control the correctness of requests to the Prolog. The main goal of the library is to create an environment for the Prolog developers where they can create any type of software, which is meant to be user friendly, fast, and cross platform using modern and flexible. This concept also tries to solve disadvantages and architectural problems that were found in other libraries. The safety of library functionality has been analyzed. The concept of potential horizontal application scalability is described. Conclusions and future of libraries were introduced, in which the usage of TypeScript for type-safety and avoidance of run-time errors is mentioned. Overall, the library extends the use of Prolog beyond logical programming and takes a leap forward in its progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the method of laser triangulation, a mobile high-precision sensor has been created for measuring displacements and monitoring the geometric parameters of products in production. The process of signal processing and the operation of the triangulation sensor are accelerated many times by the architecture of processes, which is based on a reduced set of commands using simple and effective instructions of the stm32f407vet6 microcontroller. The measurement algorithm is carried out by searching for a laser spot, calculating the center of the spot using the center of mass method, translating the centroid into the metric and applying calibration tables. Sensor scan speed leaves 3 ÷ 5∙103 s-1

A problem of the growing popularity of cross-cultural social media studies is the lack of discrimination between the effects of user characteristics and those of the architecture of a virtual platform interface. This makes the detected cultural differences unreliable. A way to solve this problem is a comparative study of social media interfaces only, seeking to identify the culturally constituted meanings embedded in the design of virtual platforms. These meanings are employed in the users’ virtual self-presentation. I analysed Facebook and VKontakte – two large social media platforms originating from the countries with different cultural values and social expectations. My focus was on the principal categories of identification and virtual self-presentation. These are gender, sexuality, marital status, attitudes, and personal preferences. The comparative analysis of interfaces was carried out from the perspective of a change in the linguistic projection (which happens when the user switches from Russian to English and vice versa). I detected significant differences in all the categories analysed. I conclude that the Vkontakte platform reflects traditional patriarchal values and the Facebook platform those of pluralism and subject-centricity.

Acoustic wave reflection from a vapor-gas medium is of great relevance. This is mainly due to natural phenomena, such as a layer of fog and dusty gas in the atmosphere and atmospheric clouds. It is also possible to use gas-droplet mixtures (fogs) to hide various objects, such as ships, from radars. In this paper the problem of sound waves propagation in a two-phase medium with liquid droplets and solid particles has been considered. A model, which allows determining the reflection coefficient from the gas-vapor medium boundary, has been presented. Based on the obtained results, the influence of the initial vapor concentration on the acoustic wave reflection has been analyzed. It has been shown that the dependence of the reflection coefficient on the volume content is monotonic in the case of normal incidence of the wave. In the case of oblique incidence of the wave, a nonmonotonic dependence is observed. The dependence of absorption of a sound wave by the propagation medium on the volume content of dispersed inclusions has been revealed for an oblique incidence of a sound wave on the interface between two media. The results of the calculations can be of interest in solving the problems of masking objects and acoustic sounding of the atmosphere.

The article is dedicated to the perspectives of the Chinese initiative of the Silk Road economic belt from the prospective of the Central Asian states' national interests. The author claims that the common understanding of Central Asia as a united region is limited: there are many conflicts and problems between states which haven't yet been resolved. The problems of borders and ethnical enclaves remain to be potentially dangerous as well as recurrent problems of regionalism and tribalism. The essential water resources are distributed in a highly disproportionate way. During a long period of time Central Asia has been taking the position of an intercontinental corridor, linking Asia and Europe, and that is why external actors showed no interest in building a Central Asian integration project. Besides, political elites of Central Asia also were not interested in appearance of supranational institutes which will inevitably create a highly competitive political order. Nonetheless, the very idea of the Silk Road economic belt, in political terms, was approved by all the Central Asian states. This paradox can be partly explained referring to the absence of political limitations, imposed on states by the project. However, it doesn't mean that China experiences altruism. The author stresses that the Silk Road economic belt has never been a pure integration project. The core element of the concept is not the improvement of national industrial potential of the countries the Road crosses but the idea of the intensive development of western regions of China.

Subject of Research. The paper considers the research of verification methods for behavioral models by the field-programmed gate array (FPGA). Applying verification with FPGA gives the possibility to identify functional errors, which are not determined at the verification phase of the traditional integrated circuits (IC) design. Method. The approach is recommendedto two-stage IC interface blocks prototyping with FPGA by means of standard IP-blocks and external devices. The addition of an extra verification phase was proposed carried out after the verification phase according to the traditional IC design path in the Cadence automated design system. Main Results. The approach was used to verify the block of the serial peripheral interface (SPI), which was included in the IC of the micromechanical accelerometer. The result of the interface block model verification showed that the first stage of prototyping with the use of standard interface IP blocks gives the possibility to reveal the existing functional errors in the device with minimal time. Without standard IP-blocks, the model of the verification device ought to be developed separately that can lead to malfunction risks of the final device. The second prototyping stage applying an external plug-in verification device makes it possible to get out of errors connected with signal propagation delays outside the IC and to avoid limitations connected with lack of necessary IP-blocks. Practical Relevance. Two-stage prototyping can be used in the design of IC interface blocks with a view to minimize the probability of errors in data transmission. Functional errors not detected during the verification phase of the traditional IC design were identified and corrected based on the results of two-stage prototyping of the SPI block model. The model designed by this approach was used to develop an IC for a micromechanical accelerometer.

The refraction and reflection phenomena occurring at the boundaries of dielectric waveguides manufactured from the unusual materials have been discussed. Such materials are topological insulators and hyperbolic metamaterials with the electromagnetic properties being different from those for the ordinary dialectics. For example, the polarization of the refracted and reflected waves can be changed; the total internal reflection occurs at small angles of the incident wave that is less than a certain critical angle. As a result, the waveguides acquire new characteristics that distinguish them from the standard dielectric waveguides.

The authors use the location-based, augmented-reality game Wayfinder Live, which one of them designed, as a case study to analyze urban play. Acknowledging the difficulty of defining urban play, they expand existing approaches to the topic by drawing on current theories about interfaces, assemblages, and coding in such fields as media and cultural studies, game and play studies, and urban studies. They consider Wayfinder Live as an interface--a site of both connection and translation--for urban play, one that encourages its players to test a given city's physical and social boundaries. They argue that the game offers a fruitful, if always contingent and contextual, framework for analyzing digitally mediated urban play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article the comparative analysis of results of MD simulation and experiments concerning properties of nanocomposites (metals/graphene, Me: Mg, Al, Cu, Ni, Ti) was carried out. The possibilities of improvement of structural and thermodynamic stability of the metal/graphene interface states, determining the strengthen characteristics of examined nanocomposites, were considered.

The article considers the stages of designing a software package for risk assessment and analysis in agro-industrial integrated production systems, including the development of a modular architecture, the logical structure of the modules included in the software package, physical structure of the software package, software algorithms, and the interface layout.

Heteroepitaxial silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) wafers with a layer thickness of 200 and 600 nm were fabricated by the vapor phase epitaxy with monosilane as a precursor. The assessment of structural quality of silicon-sapphire interface was carried out by the surface photovoltage method (SPV) and X-ray reflectometry. Technological parameters of the manufacturing process that affecting to the amount of SPV signal were determined via SOS quality monitoring. We conclude that deposition temperature and the growth rate are most important process parameters in this cause. It was found that SPV method can be used as monitoring method of SOS fabrication process, because SPV signals are correlated with Xray reflectometry results. Probably, SPV method allowed to evaluate the structural and electrophysical parameters of silicon- sapphire interface. SOS device performances as function of SPV signal were determined. The leakage current of test pchannel MOS transistor in the closed state was on 2-16 nA when SPV signal higher than 450 mV and the leakage current was approximately 4 nA when SPV signal lower than 450 mV.

Currently, audio-video information can be transmitted by various communication systems such as WiFi, WiMAX, LTE, or 3G. Despite the fact that these systems fulfill their functions quite well, they are united by a common drawback - they are not designed to work in conditions of strong interference. To transfer audio-video information in the presence of strong interference, the authors have developed a data transfer system using spread spectrum signals. This article is devoted to the design, configuration and interface study of how to link this system with standard sources and receivers, both audio and video.

Рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с типизацией и анализом электронных программных алгоритмов, предназначенных для генерирования художественных текстов. В исследовании сделан акцент на описание алгоритмических принципов генерирования поэтических текстов, основанных на строфической организации, стихотворном размере, алгоритмическом синтаксисе и матрице фраз. Новизна исследования видится в попытке классифицировать программные алгоритмы для генерации художественного текста, а также в интенции осмыслить и проанализировать генеративные алгоритмы и художественные тексты на их основе не только как метод создания произведения, но и в качестве самостоятельного художественного высказывания. Актуальность исследования представлена комплексной аналитической моделью для генеративных художественных текстов разных типов (алгоритмических и кодовых). Выполнен анализ современных генеративных художественных текстов, представленный работами М. Бенабу, Р. Браффорта и Дж. Пивковски. Предлагается классификация генеративных поэтических текстов, которые можно разделить на две группы: пермутационные, использующие перестановку элементов для генерирования новых вариантов поэтических текстов, и комбинаторные, использующие синтаксические шаблоны или матрицы фраз.

Рассматриваются вопросы, связанные со структурой вербального и невербальных компонентов электронных художественных гипертекстов. В исследовании сделан акцент на описание сравнительной небольшой истории электронного художественного гипертекста и предпосылок его появления, а также на рассмотрение и анализ двух электронных художественных гипертекстов, представляющих разные этапы в истории существования электронной гипертекстовой литературы. В настоящее время значительно увеличились темпы и масштабы распространения различных сервисов и платформ для создания и публикации электронных гипертекстов. Очевидно, что непрерывно эволюционирующий электронный художественный гипертекст нуждается в пристальном внимании лингвистов, комплексном изучении и осмыслении с точки зрения специфики его структуры, семантики и функциональности. Актуальность исследования обусловлена попыткой осмысления и анализа электронных художественных гипертекстов разных типов за счет осуществления разбора лексико-стилистических особенностей вербальной части произведений и выявления основных аспектов создания образности в электронной среде. Новизна исследования видится в попытке проанализировать электронные художественные гипертексты, созданные и опубликованные на основе разных платформ (программное приложение Storyspace Eastgate Systems и платформы Scalar). Выполнен анализ современных электронных художественных гипертекстов, представленных работами Penetration Р. Кендалла и Redshift and Portalmetal М. Карденаса.

The issues related to typification and analysis of electronic program algorithms and online services for electronic poetic texts generation are covered. Special attention is paid to the description of the algorithmic principles of generating poetic texts, based on strophic organization, poetic size, algorithmic syntax, and matrix of phrases. The novelty of the research is seen in the attempt to understand the program algorithms to generate a literary text not only as a method of text creation, but also as a substantive artistic expression, where the code is regarded as a meaning that needs no verbal accompaniment. The research urgency is caused by the attempt to understand and analyse the generative poetic texts of different types (algorithmic, code, Twitter-bots). The article gives an overview of modern online generators and generative poetic texts, represented by the works “POEM.EXE” by L. Kuki, “Frequency” by S. Rettberg, “Code Movie 1” by J. Baigelman and H. Stein. Classification of online generators of poetic texts is given, divided the texts into services for generation of electronic poetic texts on the basis of the lexical material introduced by the user or the author, and the services based on the matrix of phrases.

The article deals with the analysis of the influence of the psychology of human behaviour on user experience. The evolution of the conceptual apparatus in the field of designing the user interface, taking into account user experience. Based on recent research and publications, psychological concepts that are fundamental in designing software products based on user experience are summarized. The process of the cognitive load formation and its influence on user experience is described. Also, the article discusses the topic of the effect of cognitive load on user experience, and provides examples of how the research results of behavioural psychology improve the practice of developing user experience. The field of UX (user experience) is being studied in an area where design and experimental research are in conflict. Designing UX has gone a long way from commercial websites, where convenience and efficiency have almost never been taken into account for optimized interfaces designed to interact with users. Previously, the goal was to have as much content as possible on the interface, now the field of user experience has been extensively explored and optimized to offer the user the right content, functionality at the right time, and it also takes into account psychological and emotional needs of users. In the article psychological concepts which are fundamental to the design of UX, the formation of cognitive load and the effects on user experience are discussed. Since cognitive load plays an important role in the development of UX models, it is important to understand and take into account the laws that form it. In order to design an effective interface, one must study the psychology of a user who uses psychological concepts and theories. The analysis of user interaction with technology is aimed at developing and testing theories that explain or predict human behaviour. Based on the existing sources, the article describes how user experience is formed, as well as investigates the theory of levels of the emotion system.

The article is devoted to the study of the process of creating and designing a site-catalogue of modern web resources for its usage by informatics teacher in his professional activities. Site Directory is a site that contains structured links that lead to other web resources and their short description. Web resources offer wide opportunities for a teacher and students, give access to a large array of relevant diverse information, and its rapid exchange during the lessons of computer science. The article covers the analysis of such concepts as "designing", "information architecture", "style in the design of the site". There were analyzed the draft order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and sites that promote the preparation of teachers for lessons, get them acquainted with modern information and communication technologies in education. The general theoretical foundations of web site creation are considered: their types, structure, methods of data storage and processing. Besides, the key principles of designing web resources are described. The information architecture and its components are described in detail. The design process is described in the general sense as well as one of the stages of creating a website. Proper attention has been paid to the study of web design, its principles and features, and the user interface; its main elements, components and structural blocks and rules of their use were considered. The practical significance of this study is that it can be used for a full design a website-catalog of web resources for informatics teachers.