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Currently, switched reluctance motors are considered the most promising type of electromechanical energy converter without permanent magnets, especially for operations at sub-nominal speeds. To control of a switched reluctance motor to minimize torque ripple requires the regulation of phase currents based on the rotor angular position, utilizing the flux linkage as a function of both current and rotor angle. The flux linkage characteristic is essential in control systems that indirectly determine the rotor position. The paper presents an experimental methodology for deriving the flux linkage characteristic of a switched reluctance motor. The calculation of flux linkage for each rotor position angle of the electric machine is provided. The proposed methodology involves mechanically locking the rotor and periodically applying voltage to one of the motor phases using a power converter to gather data on phase current and voltage. Using the proposed experimental methodology, the relationships between flux linkage, phase current, and rotor angle were obtained. The results demonstrate that this methodology can be effectively utilized to accurately determine the flux linkage characteristic of a switched reluctance motor. The experimental methodology proposed in this paper can be employed to generate the flux linkage characteristic of a switched reluctance motor. This approach is particularly advantageous for designing model predictive control systems.

The purpose of the work is to study the definition and content of the terms “digital personality”, “digital image of a person”, “digital profile”, “digital citizenship”, their interrelation, as well as legal problems related to these categories. The relevance of the topic is confirmed by the active discussion of regulatory legal acts in the areas of building a system of digital profiles, digital citizenship in different countries of the world. The method of research is the analysis of Russian and foreign literature and practice, identification of their fundamental provisions, study of interrelations with more “classical” legal categories, including classical human rights and personal data. The conclusion is drawn about the fundamental position of the category of “digital personality” for the study of the phenomenon of the modern digital person. It is primarily related to human rights in the modern digital world. Such a category directly affects other concepts under study, including information (data) about individuals, as well as the overall policy in the sphere of citizens' participation in state governance. In order to study the phenomenon of the digital person, it is necessary, first of all, to study the category of the digital person from the point of view of their rights in the digital world, i.e., from the point of view of human rights.

INTRODUCTION. The quality evaluation of live anthrax vaccines will benefit from the implementation of alternative testing methods that are capable of specific identification of the Bacillus anthracis spore antigen using the appropriate diagnostic products that are authorised in the Russian Federation for the detection of B. anthracis spores.AIM. This study aimed to investigate the applicability of immunofluorescence analysis to the identification of live anthrax vaccines and compare this method with immunochromatography.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study used commercial batches of a live anthrax vaccine and Russian diagnostic products, including diagnostic dry adsorbed fluorescent anti-anthrax spore immunoglobulins and an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) reagent kit for rapid detection and identification of B. anthracis spores (ICA system for B. anthracis). For smears and ICA system reactions, the authors prepared working solutions of bacterial suspensions at spore concentrations typical of the B. anthracis STI-1 vaccine strain. The spore concentrations were achieved using the pharmacopoeial reference standard (RS) for the opacity of bacterial suspensions of 10 international units (IU). Identification reactions involved the registration of immune complex formation.RESULTS. Immunofluorescence tests of the live anthrax vaccine demonstrated bright greenish-yellow envelope fluorescence with an intensity score of 3+ to 4+ for smears stained with diagnostic immunoglobulins at 1:32 and 1:64 dilutions. Immunochromatographic tests of the live anthrax vaccine detected the spore antigen at vaccine concentrations of 109 and 108 spores/mL, with the test strips showing two distinct dark-pink lines indicative of immunoprecipitation. According to the results obtained using the selected methods, the tested microbial culture was confirmed as B. anthracis.CONCLUSIONS. Immunochromatography and immunofluorescence tests with appropriate diagnostic preparations are convenient and reliable tools for the species-specific detection of B. anthracis STI-1 spores in the live anthrax vaccine. The results obtained in the anthrax vaccine identification tests provide a basis for recommending the above methods as supplementary alternatives to Ziehl–Neelsen bacteriological staining, which is currently prescribed by the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.

Introduction. The evaluation of microbial biodiversity is an important step in the process of its conservation, and the identification of bacterial strains of biotechnological interest allows their application as support for the development of sustainable agriculture technologies. Material and methods. From the lakes of the "La Izvor" park, 213 types of bacteria, 148 of them pathogenic, were isolated. From the non-pathogenic ones, those of biotechnological interest were determined the enzymatic properties, and antimicrobial activity and were identified by molecular biological methods after that preserved by the lyophilization method with the determination of viability before and after lyophilization. Results. The microbial biodiversity of the "La Izvor" lakes was studied, 213 types of bacterial colonies were isolated in pure culture, which of 148 proved to be enteropathogenic belonging to the genera Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, Enterobacter and Klebsiella and other strains from the Enterobacteriaceae family. The purpose of the research consisted of the isolation and identification of non-pathogenic bacteria of biotechnological interest with different properties that could serve to elaborate and improve the development of sustainable agriculture technologies. Nineteen strains with enzymatic properties and high antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi were selected for molecular identification, passported, submitted to the NCNM and preserved by the lyophilization method for determination of valuable properties for a long time. Conclusions. In the lakes of "La Izvor" park, there is a very large variety of microorganisms, especially bacteria, some of which are enteropathogenic bacteria that can cause diseases in the population. Selected non-pathogenic strains stored in the NCNM can be applied against phytopathogens that cause dangerous diseases and damage in agriculture's major crops. As a result of lyophilization, we found that all strains showed osmotic and thermal shock tolerance and had a viability of over 75%.

INTRODUCTION. The range of liquid multivitamins for toddlers approved in the Russian Federation comprises two imported syrups. Pharmacy compounding of vitamin syrups will meet the demand for optimally formulated multivitamins in the pharmaceutical market. Therefore, a necessary step for their release into medical practice is to develop and validate analytical procedures for assessing the quality of such medicinal products.AIM. This study aimed to select and adapt analytical procedures for assessing the quality of a compounded multivitamin product for children.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study focused on a compounded sorbitol syrup containing vitamins C, PP, B1, B2, and B6. The quantities of vitamin components in the syrup corresponded to the recommended daily intake for children aged 1–3 years. For identification, the authors used qualitative reactions and spectrophotometry. Indicator-free direct iodometry was selected for the quantitative determination of ascorbic acid. Alkalimetry with bromothymol blue was used to quantitate nicotinic acid in the presence of ascorbic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, and thiamine hydrochloride. The sum of thiamine hydrochloride and pyridoxine hydrochloride was determined by direct argentometry (Fajans method) with bromophenol blue in an acetic acid medium. Riboflavin quantification involved visible spectrophotometry at 445 nm and spectrofluorometry. The sorbitol content was measured by refractometry, and the calculations accounted for the content of other syrup components. The validation was conducted in line with the applicable pharmacopoeial requirements (State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation).RESULTS. The authors selected analytical procedures for the quality evaluation of the multivitamin syrup containing five water-soluble vitamins (С, РР, В1, В2, В6) and sorbitol. These analytical procedures were adapted to the simultaneous presence of riboflavin, ascorbic acid, nicotinic acid, thiamine hydrochloride, and pyridoxine hydrochloride. The authors developed analytical procedures for the determination of riboflavin by spectrofluorometry and spectrophotometry and for the selective determination of thiamine hydrochloride by photometry after a precipitation reaction with Reinecke’s salt. The analytical procedure for the determination of riboflavin by spectrofluorometry was validated for specificity, accuracy, linearity, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), and range.CONCLUSIONS. The study confirmed the applicability of the analytical procedures that were selected and adapted for all components of the multivitamin syrup. The authors identified the conditions for the selective determination of thiamine hydrochloride by spectrophotometry after a precipitation reaction with Reinecke’s salt. The analytical procedure for the quantitative determination of riboflavin by spectrofluorometry was validated and considered suitable for use in analytical laboratories for the quantitative determination of riboflavin in multivitamin mixtures and for syrup stability testing.

Background. The relevance of the study is determined by two core factors. (1) In conditions of uncertainty and reduction of the usual bases of social solidarity, the analysis of the patterns of generational identity sets a new perspective for understanding the dynamic unity of the processes of constructing social and personal identities. (2) Identifying the phenomenology of identity of different generations seems necessary for the needs of practical psychological assistance to various social subjects. Objective. The research is focused on revealing and describing the features of identification with the generational group in people belonging to different generations. Methods. Author's questionnaire (Appendix 1) consisting of: (1) questions about historical events that influenced the formation of a generational group; (2) questions about the cultural life scenario of a generation and an assessment of the probability of a particular typical event; (3) unfinished sentences on the psychological portrait of one's generation. Study Participants. 215 respondents (Generations of Stagnation, Reform, Millennials, and Zoomers) took part in the research. Results. The identity portrait of the stagnation generation includes: an emphasis on large-scale events; the prevalence of collectivist and family values; self-attribution of such qualities as patriotism, openness to the world, conscientiousness, responsiveness. The identity of the reform generation is based on the events of the 1990s, interpreting them through the prism of the policy of openness to the outside world, as well as technological events; it is “transitional” in terms of typical life scenarios and personality traits. The identity portrait of millennials includes: mainly the events of the 2010s and economic events, the prevalence of the values of freedom, creativity, progress; self-attribution of experiencing life's difficulties. The identity of the zoomer generation is significantly different: they do not have political events in their identity portrait; recent events (pandemic, digitalization) act as an identification support; marriage and childbirth are unlikely in life scenarios; self-attributions include flexibility, individualism, political correctness, and peacefulness. Conclusion. The socio-psychological analysis of the identity of generations is implemented at three interconnected levels through identification: with historical events, with events of the life scenario and with a typical psychological portrait of a representative of the generation.

This study was conducted to address the lack of information regarding celery crop damage in South Kalimantan due to Root Knot Nematode (RKN). This study is critical for determining the extent of celery plant damage caused by RKN (Meloidogyne spp.) in numerous districts/cities in South Kalimantan and identifying the Meloidogyne species discovered. The purposive sampling of celery crop infected with RKN was conducted in one city and three districts in South Kalimantan. Sampling was conducted at Sukamaju Ujung village, Landasan Ulin Utara, Banjarbaru City; Mandiangin village, Banjar Regency; Hamak Village, Telaga Langsat District, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency and Jamil, Banyu Jaranih and Mahang Baru Villages, Labuan Amas Selatan District, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency. The result showed that RKN were discovered in the Sukamaju Ujung and Mahang Baru villages. Sukamaju Ujung was the most heavily attacked by RKN, with high damage levels ranging from 85-90%, a high galling index of 8-9, and the greatest population of 1282 nematodes/5 grams of roots. In Mahang Baru village, RKN was found to have a damage level of only 15% but a high galling index of 8 (eight) and population of 1049 nematodes/5 grams of roots. Based on the perineal pattern of adult females, three species of Meloidogyne were found in Mahang Baru village, namely M. javanica, M. incognita, and M. arenaria. These three species had previously been found in Sukamaju Ujung village.

A new method for the synthesis of adaptive state observation for a class of nonlinear non-stationary systems is proposed. This task is important and fundamental in control theory and is related to both the control problem and the task of monitoring the efficiency of the system operation. The solution to the problem is based on the generalized observer parameter estimation method to obtain the regression equation necessary for estimating the state and parameters of the system. Further, the dynamic regressor expansion and blending method dynamic regressor extension and mixing method is applied to identify the unknown system parameters. The paper proposes a method for estimating the state vector for a nonlinear non-stationary system in which the unknown parameters depend on the state vector under external disturbances. The results obtained are rigorously proved using mathematical theory. Simulation in Matlab/Simulink is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed algorithm. The mathematical model of the considered objects is a nonlinear system of equations with variable parameters. Compared to previous methods, the method proposed in this paper is more general, especially in a system where the unknown parameters depend on the state vector with nonlinear functions. However, the problem is currently solved only for discrete systems. In the future, it may be possible to extend it to continuous systems.

Within the framework of the linear theory of elasticity, using the model of an isotropic body, the problem of steady-state vibrations of an inhomogeneous hollow cylinder is formulated. The vibrations of the cylinder are caused by a load applied to the side surface, and the conditions of sliding embedding are implemented at the ends. The variable material properties are described by the Lamé parameters and density, which change along the radial and longitudinal coordinates. The direct problem solution of the cylinder vibrations is constructed using the finite element method implemented in the FlexPDE package, its main advantages are noted. To study the influence of variable properties on the values of resonant frequencies and components of the displacement field, the laws of these properties are considered in the general form used in modern works for modeling functionally graded materials. On the basis of the performed numerical calculations, the degree of influence of the amplitude values of each of the Lamé parameters and density on the first resonant frequency and the displacement field are studied. Graphs are also presented that demonstrate the influence of the type of the law of density change on the values of the displacement field components. A new inverse coefficient problem is formulated to determine the density distribution function in the cylinder wall from the displacement field data measured at a finite set of points inside the considered area for a fixed frequency. The main difficulties in the implementation of the reconstruction procedure in practice are noted. To increase the accuracy of calculating the first and second derivatives of the two-dimensional functions calculated in the finite element package, which are used in solving the inverse problem, an approach based on the locally weighted regression algorithm is proposed. The results of computational experiments on solving the inverse problem are presented, which demonstrate the possibility of using the proposed method to restore various types of two-dimensional laws of density. Practical recommendations are given for the implementation of the most accurate reconstruction procedure.

In the last decade there has been established an increase in the prevalence of Puccinia helianthi in sunflower crops in Russia. In the Rostov region, on the territory of the Don Experimental Station (the Azov region), severe damage by the sunflower rust pathogen was established in 2020. In this regard, there was a need to study the race of the fungus on sunflower crops in the Rostov region. The purpose of the study was to identify rust pathogen isolates collected from sunflower crops in accordance with the accepted international triplet nomenclature in different areas of the Rostov region in the period 2021–2023. As testers, there was used a set of differentiating lines of sunflower resistance to the pathogen, containing SM 90, SM 29, P-386, HA-R1, HA-R2, HA-R3, HA-R4, HA-R5 and the line ‘ED 47’, susceptible to all biotypes of the fungus. The total sample consisted of 237 parasite urediniospore isolates collected from infected leaves of sunflower plants. There were differentiated 34 biotypes of P. helianthi. The most virulent pathotype 777 was identified among isolates from the Tatsinsky, Morozovsky and Konstantinovsky districts of the region in 2023. The race with code number 700 was identified in almost all represented areas of the region and accounted for 52.7% of the studied sample of sunflower rust pathogen isolates. In the current work the racial composition of the pathogen in the Rostov region was studied for the first time. The study results have indicated the need to continue monitoring new biotypes of P. helianthi, as well as expand and accelerate work on the development of sunflower hybrids resistant to the predominant race with code 700 in the sample.

At present, the issue of obtaining a complex of biologically active substances with antioxidant activity from psychrophilic Psychrophilic microalgae and cyanobacteria are a prospective source of biologically active antioxidant substances. New antioxidant complexes could expand the scope of their industrial application. The research objective was to identify psychrophilic microalgae and cyanobacteria from the Baltic Sea in order to study their antioxidant properties. The research featured psychrophilic microalgae and cyanobacteria obtained from the Curonian Lagoon and the Baltic Bay in the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Region, Russia, in March – May 2022. The authors used the Pasteur method and the flow cytometry method to isolate pure cultures of psychrophilic microalgae and cyanobacteria. The method of spectrophotometry made it possible to study the antioxidant activity by analyzing radical scavenging, reducing ability, and chelating. The psychrophilic microalga Skeletonema pseudocostatum demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity in all three methods: 17.62 μmol/g trolox equivalents according to the ABTS method, 58.16 μmol/g trolox equivalents according to the DPPH method, and 3.91 μmol/g trolox equivalents according to the FRAP method. The psychrophilic microalga Thalassiosira pseudonana exhibited the following values of antioxidant activity: 12.08, 12.42, and 3.13 μmol/g trolox equivalents, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the psychrophilic microalgae Fragilariopsis kerguelensis was 13.53, 11.84, and 1.09 μmol/g trolox equivalents, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the psychrophilic cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon gracile was 15.73, 19.89, and 2.47 μmol/g trolox equivalents, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the psychrophilic cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica was 12.62, 13.16, and 2.16 μmol/g trolox equivalents, respectively. The samples of psychrophilic microalgae and cyanobacteria obtained from natural environment in the Russian Baltic Sea demonstrated good antioxidant properties, which makes them a potential raw material for new pharmaceutical substances.

Introduction. The widespread use of heparin preparations for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolic complications is known. One of the low molecular weight heparin drugs successfully used in clinical practice is calcium nadroparin. The modern approach to assessing the quality of medicines involves the use of standards, in comparison with which the quality control of the drug is carried out – standard samples (SS). The most important specific parameter in assessing the authenticity of low molecular weight heparins is the characteristic of the fractional composition.Aim. The aim of the work was to develop, attestation and determine the stability during the shelf life of a secondary standard sample to determine the authenticity of calcium nadroparin as part of improving the quality control system of the enterprise with the prospect of creating a domestic pharmacopoeia standard sample.Materials and methods. The object of development and attestation was the standard sample of the enterprise – low molecular weight heparin, obtained on the basis of the Technology implementation center of Siberian state medical university. The certified standard sample was obtained by purification of calcium nadroparin by solid-phase extraction. The completeness of the purification was confirmed by comparing the chromatograms of the purified samples with the chromatograms of the international standard sample. The characteristics of the molecular weight distribution were determined chromatographically. The stability of the certified SSE (the standard sample of the enterprise) was studied under two storage conditions – at a temperature below 8 °C in a dry state for 16 months and in solution at –40 °C for 6 months by evaluating trends in molecular weight distribution.Results and discussion. For each batch of the certified standard sample, the molecular weight and molecular weight characteristics are calculated in 2 parallel definitions, and a representative chromatogram is presented. The values of the relative standard deviation of the molecular weight of the samples and the content of the controlled fractions did not exceed 2.5 %. A detailed analysis of the molecular weight distribution showed the "classical" dependence of RSD (relative standard deviation) from the average value with a significant increase up to 30 % for small fraction values (less than 0.5 %). It was found that during 16 months at a storage temperature below 8 ºC, the molecular weight and molecular weight characteristics of standard samples of low molecular weight heparin did not significantly change. However, in the SSE solution at a storage temperature of minus 40 °C for 6 months, they degraded by more than 10 %.Conclusion. According to the results of the study, a protocol has been developed for obtaining a standard sample of low-molecular-weight heparin for the standardization of the calcium nadroparin substance according to the indicator "molecular weight distribution". The established shelf life of the sample is at least 16 months at temperatures below 8 °C. The stability of solutions of the standard sample at a storage temperature of –40 °C for 3 months is shown.

The article deals with the issues of establishing the dependence between the stability of the features of parts and details of firearms on fired bullets and the impact on the bullets of the environment after the shot. In the theory and practice of forensic ballistic examination there is accumulated methodical material on the establishment of the identification period by traces on bullets exposed to different effects. However, there are some problematic issues related to the analysis of changes in traces on bullets stayed for a certain period of time in aggressive environment. Purpose: to analyze the influence of the type of environment and its hydrogen index on the identification period of features in traces on fired bullets. Methods: a set of methods of formal logic, general scientific methods: description, experiment, comparison, modelling, specific scientific methods: microscopic, photographic methods of research. Results: the article evaluates the stability of features in traces on fired bullets located in sandy soil with differ ent hydrogen index.

Background. The article presents a system for monitoring the location of air passengers in the airport building, providing a service for notifying those who are late for boarding, as well as providing an effective way to quickly get to the boarding point. Materials and methods. Offering a map of the shortest route built in a mobile application. The system also provides the ability to navigate around the airport building. The passenger records the end points of the route on the map, receives the built route in the application. Results and conclusions. The proposed system improves the quality of service and passenger comfort, as well as solves a number of boarding problems, which increases the loyalty of air passengers.

Aim. To study the features of civic consciousness among modern university students.Material and methods. A total of 467 students took part in the study. The original author’s questionnaire was used (I. V. Koltsova, 2024), aimed at identifying the characteristics of students’ civic consciousness.Results. The study showed that the majority of students believe that secondary schools should take an active part in the development of civic consciousness of young people. Students behave in society in accordance with generally accepted rules, know the history of the Russian Federation, its traditions and customs, conspicuous figures, rights and responsibilities, speak their native language and actively use it in communication with representatives of their nationality. After training, most graduates plan to stay and work in the Russian Federation. However, about 30% of subjects have low scores on such issues as participation in the Russian presidential and legislative elections. There is a high awareness on socio-political events and laws, which indicates the low social activity of this group of respondents.Conclusion. The conducted research made it possible to identify both positive trends in relation to the civic consciousness of students, as well as problem areas that require targeted educational work.

The article presents the research on the adaptation and implementation of a method for determining mono- and diacylglycerols in vegetable oils. The relevance of the research is determined by the introduction of standardization of monochloropropanediols and glycidol in vegetable oils and some types of fat and oil products since 2025. According to the scientific literature, mono- and diacylglycerols, formed during the ripening of oil seeds under the influence of the enzyme lipase, are precursors of monochloropropanediols and glycidol, which, in turn, according to the World Health Organization, are carcinogenic substances. Some of the most probable mechanisms for the formation of contaminants from mono- and diacylglycerols have been considered; according to them diacylglycerols are considered to be the main source of glycidyl ethers, and monoacylglycerols are that of monochloropropanediols. An important factor influencing the speed and completeness of the described reactions is the presence in the system of water molecules, chlorine ions, hydrogen protons, as well as high temperatures. Catalysts for such side reactions are heavy metals, including their salts. Thus, in order to implement effective measures to control the formation of contaminants in oil, it is important to have a complete picture of the quality indicators of the feedstock and, above all, data on the content of mono- and diacylglycerols, methods for determining which are not available in laboratory practice in the Russian Federation.The goal of the research is to develop a method for the quantitative determination of mono- and diacylglycerols in vegetable oils.As a result of the research, the sample preparation method has been improved, calibration dependencies have been determined using an internal standard, and an identification and quantitative analysis technique has been proposed, on the basis of gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector and the use of a high-temperature capillary column. Verification work has been carried out and the metrological characteristics of the proposed method have been determined. The method has been tested on real objects – various types of vegetable oils.

The quality and safety of food products is one of the main priorities of the Russian State policy in the field of nutrition and well-being of the population.Grape wines are a special type of food product; they are alcoholic beverages obtained as a result of complete or incomplete fermentation of whole or crushed fresh grapes or grape must. The combination of mutual influence of such factors as grape variety, climatic conditions, cultivation methods and production technology gives each wine its uniqueness and character.These features are characteristic for natural drinks, which, unfortunately, are becoming fewer and fewer today, despite the implementation of control and supervisory activities and the adoption of various government regulation measures.The presence of wines of dubious quality on the shelves gives rise to a number of serious consequences, both for public health and for the state economy.The article presents the results of research on a comprehensive assessment of the quality of wines sold on the regional consumer market.The determination of the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of wines regulated by GOST has been carried out according to the methods established in the current regulatory documents; the determination of the qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile components and cationic composition has been carried out using the gas chromatographic method and the capillary electrophoresis method.It has been established that 30% of the total volume of wine samples studied is distinguished by rather low organoleptic characteristics, with full compliance with the established requirements in terms of physical and chemical indicators, and 10%, based on the total assessment of organoleptic, physical and chemical indicators, component and cationic composition, are identified as counterfeit products.

Effective counteraction to biological threats, both natural and man-made, requires the availability of means and methods for rapid and reliable microorganism identification and a comprehensive study of their basic biological properties. Over the past decade, the arsenal of domestic microbiologists has been supplemented by numerous methods for analyzing the genomes of pathogens, primarily based on nucleic acid sequencing. The purpose of this work is to provide the reader with information about capabilities of modern technical and methodological arsenal used for in-depth molecular genetic study of microorganisms, including bioinformatics solutions used for the genetic data analysis. The source base for this research is English-language scientific literature available via the Internet, bioinformation software documentation. The research method is an analysis of scientific sources from the general to the specific. We considered the features of sequencing platforms, the main stages of genetic information analysis, current bioinformation utilities, their interaction and organization into a single workflow. Results and discussion. The performance of modern genetic analyzers allows for complete decoding of the bacterial genome within one day, including the time required to prepare the sample for research. The key factor that largely determines the effectiveness of the genetic analysis methods used is the competent use of the necessary bioinformatics software utilities. Standard stages of primary genetic data analysis are assessment of the quality control, data preprocessing, mapping to a reference genome or de novo genome assembly, genome annotation, typing and identification of significant genetic determinants (resistance to antibacterial drugs, pathogenicity factors, etc.), phylogenetic analysis. For each stage bioinformation utilities have been developed, differing in implemented analysis algorithms. Conclusion. Open source utilities that do not require access to remote resources for their operation are of greatest interest due to activities specifics of NBC protection corps units.

The aim of the study was to assess the current epidemiological situation on Ixodidae tick-borne borreliosis (ITBB) (2017–2022) on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory, to study the species composition of Borrelia.Materials and methods. Ixodidae ticks, Ixodes ricinus, Haemaphysalis concinna, H. inermis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, were examined for infection with tick-borne borreliosis pathogens, followed by DNA sequencing of isolates. Species identification of Borrelia was carried out based on analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene fragment using BLAST algorithm. Additionally, the OspC genotype was determined for isolates of pathogenic genovariants through comparing the obtained sequences with reference ones in the MEGA 5 program. The data were processed applying the cartographic method using the QGIS 2.18 software.Results and discussion. Between 2017 and 2022, 101 cases were registered on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory, which accounted for 1.6 % of all ITBB cases in the Krasnodar Territory. The number of complaints with tick bites in Sochi was up to 191.4 per 100 thousand population. During the study, the predominant Borrelia geno-species on the territory of the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory was determined using sequencing – Borrelia lusitaniae (78.1 %). The circulation of geno-species B. garinii (6.8 %), B. valasiana (5.7 %), B. afzelii (3.6 %), B. miyamotoi (2.6 %), B. tanukii, B. bissettii (1.6 % each) was also observed. For Borrelia pathogenic species, appurtenance to OspC geno-groups was ascertained: four isolates were assigned to invasive OspC geno-groups, of which three B. afzelii isolates were genogroup A8, one B. garinii isolate was G7. High rate of infection of ticks with Borrelia was recorded in the surveyed area (up to 94.5 %). Borrelia of pathogenic species account for only 10.4 % of the total number of isolates studied. Mostly, genovariants that rarely cause diseases in humans (B. lusitaniae, B. valasiana, B. bissettii) and non-pathogenic Borrelia (B. tanukii) were found, which indicates a low risk of infection with ITBB pathogens.

Girona is a Spanish city that has a long history. Its medieval spirit allows people to immerse themselves in the past and restore historical memory. Girona is a heuristic model for reflecting on both medieval culture and the way a modern person identifies with it. Spain is a country that preserves its history through holiday celebrations (both on a local and regional scale), carnivals and folklore, yet at the same time it takes into account the interests of tourists from different countries by creating new ways of connecting with its heritage. One can make an exciting journey to the Hogwarts library, that is, to real medieval libraries, to the world of Game of Thrones characters. Girona has become a mysterious city of Braavos for fantasy fans. Popular culture combines fantasy and reality, mythology and history to meet the demand for medieval culture. Each person has the right to choose their identity. 20th century intellectuals set the trend for an identity search, with the most influential authors including the Annales school, J.R.R. Tolkien, «the father of fantasy», Mikhail Bakhtin who explored the carnival culture and Umberto Eco whose works are characterized by postmodern discourse. The past and a modern person as its protagonist meet each other in the 21st century, which manifests itself in videogames and live action games, carnivals, festivals and holidays. When it comes to discussing Spain’s historical heritage and drawing up itineraries to travel around the country, it is important to take into account the interests of new subcultures, tourists, participants of interactive events, cinephiles and those who simply admire the beauty of a medieval city. Girona invites one to contemplate the past that has already become relevant today.

Commercial panels of microsatellite (STR) loci are intended for DNA analysis of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and, therefore, when genotyping the Grey wolf (Canis lupus lupus), most markers reveal significant deviations from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and have a low informative value, which complicates their use in a forensic examination. The aim of this study was to select STR markers that equally effectively reflect population polymorphism in the wolf and the dog, and to create a universal panel for the identification of individuals in forensic science. Based on the study of polymorphisms of 34 STR loci, a CPlex panel of 15 autosomal loci and two sex loci was developed, which is equally suitable for identifying wolfs and dogs. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) between samples revealed significant differentiation values (FST = 0.0828, p < 0.05), which allows the panel to be used for differentiating between wolf and dog samples. For the first time in the forensic examination of objects of animal origin in the Republic of Belarus, population subdivision coefficients (θ­-values) were calculated for each of the 15 STR loci of the test system being reported. It was shown that the values of the genotype frequency, when averaged over all studied animals without and with considering the θ­-value, differ by three orders of magnitude (3.39 · 10–17 and 4.71 · 10–14, respectively). The use of population subdivision coefficients will provide the researcher with the most relevant results of an expert identification study. The test system was validated in accordance with the protocol of the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods. A computational tool was developed to automate the analysis of genetic data on the wolf and dog in the forensic examination; two guides were approved for practicing forensic experts. This methodology is being successfully used in expert practice in investigating cases of illegal hunting, animal abuse and other offenses in the Republic of Belarus.

Background. The object of the study is meteorological radar, which provides an assessment of the types of cloud cells. The purpose of this study is to combine a meteorological radar with a neural network that allows you to identify the classification of detected meteor formation (MO) using the proposed method. Based on the consideration of the neural network code for meteorological radar for a number of known signs of the detected MO. Materials and methods. The basics of meteorological radar, as well as programming based on a neural network, are used as materials for evaluating cumulus cloud cells. Results. Based on the above approach, a method of combining a meteorological radar with a neural network is proposed, the mathematical basics of a neural network are considered, as well as the essence of its work, a simplified block diagram of neural network training is given. Conclusions. A method of combining a meteorological radar with a neural network is proposed, which is undoubtedly the future of meteorological radar, and is already becoming sufficiently available for use today

The paper examines the issues of increasing the efficiency and reliability of stereo image identification through computational prediction of the position and size of the uncertainty zone in which the desired correspondence point is known to be located. A control point is selected on one of the stereo images, for which it is necessary to find a correspondence point on the second stereo image. Based on the known parameters of the stereoscopic television system and the coordinates of the control point, using the mathematical apparatus proposed in the work, the coordinates of the boundaries of the uncertainty zone on the second stereo image are calculated. The second point of correspondence is found by the search procedure by comparing identical small areas with centers in the control point on the first stereo image and in the points of the uncertainty zone on the second; the comparison is made according to the criterion of minimum quadratic mismatch of intensities. The necessary a priori information for implementing the method is the maximum heights of the relief displayed on stereo images. The ratios of linear dimensions on a flat relief and on an image formed according to the principle of central projection were obtained. Relationships have been obtained that make it possible to obtain, by calculation, the coordinates of the correspondence points and the stereoscopic mismatch for stereo images of a flat relief. For stereo images of a volumetric relief, calculation formulas are obtained for determining the boundaries of the zone of uncertainty in the second stereo image within which the search for the point of correspondence is carried out. The correctness and performance of the obtained relationships are confirmed by computer modeling. Limiting the size of the search area by means of calculated prediction of the uncertainty zone makes it possible to reduce the computational and time costs of the search procedure. Due to this, the efficiency of identifying stereo image points increases and the likelihood of false identification decreases.

Исследуется определение особенностей самоидентификации, то есть самопонимания, эталонами русской лингвокультуры. Для достижения поставленной цели использован ономасиологический, компонентный, концептуальный анализ, приемы лингвокультурологической интерпретации. Эталон − знак культуры, выражающий в вербальной форме стереотипные представления о стандартах свойств и качеств человека. Доказано, что эталоны являются основным средством самоидентификации субъекта культуры. Они объективируют разные аспекты внутреннего мира человека, его внешности, социального взаимодействия. Установлено, что эталон является элементом идентичности народа, результатом процесса идентификации, который сопровождается характеризацией субъекта культуры. Данные процессы воплощаются во внутренней форме эталона, которая рассмотрена как вербальный стереотип, отражающий прототипическое представление обозначаемого явления. Выявлено, что все основные коды культуры участвуют в формировании эталонов. В ходе исследования определены продуктивные культурные коды, которые используются в процессе идентификации. К их числу относятся антропоморфный, биоморфный, акциональный. Эталоны представлены единицами, идентифицирующими человека как вид и по отдельным аспектам его жизнедеятельности. Формирование эталонов осуществляется с опорой на лингвокультурные типажи, архетипические представления или практические наблюдения человека за явлениями действительности. Один вербальный стереотип может быть положен в основу разных эталонов. Эталон может фиксировать отступление от нормы, указывая на стандарты хорошего или плохого. Большинство эталонов характеризуется пейоративной оценочностью. В ходе исследования выяснено, что эталоны антропоморфного кода культуры служат объективации представлений о типах людей, ориентированных на внутренний мир или материальные ценности. Антропоморфные стереотипы, указывающие на социальные признаки, идентифицируют особенности личности в контексте общественных отношений. Биоморфные стереотипы основаны на архетипических знаниях или практических наблюдениях. Большинство единиц этой группы фиксирует отступление от нормы или стандарта и включает в свое значение негативную оценку, что объясняется интерпретацией животного как эрзаца человека. Среди эталонов с образом «Птица» доминируют единицы с положительной оценочностью. Вербальные стереотипы растений малопродуктивны и используются преимущественно для объективации негативных аспектов. В фетишных эталонах значимыми становятся ценностные, функциональные характеристики предмета, а также ощущения от контакта с ним. Эталоны человека, образованные на основе акциональных признаков, воплощают представления о стандартах поведения, принятых в русской культуре. Эталоны анимического кода отражают погружение человека в контекст природы, ощущение ее частью.

Recently, pathogenic Leptospira culture isolation is an extremely rare phenomenon in Russia.The aim of our work was to synthesize the lessons learned at the Irkutsk Anti-Plague Institute from Leptospira culture isolation and identification since 2011.Materials and methods. Material from eight individuals with suspected leptospirosis and from 942 small mammals (SM) was examined using PCR and microscopic agglutination test (MAT), from humans and 260 SM, applying bacteriological method. Bacteriological temperature test, MAT, PCR, MLST and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry with the original Leptospira protein profiles base were used to identify cultures. Six complete genomes were generated at the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Rospotrebnadzor.Results and discussion. Leptospira have not been isolated from humans against the background of taking antibiotics, despite the positive PCR and MAT results. Four cultures of Leptospira borgpetersenii of the Javanica serogroup and three L. kirschneri (Grippotyphosa) have been isolated from SM. The results of identification using MLST scheme No. 1 and MALDI-TOF MS are identical. MLST in silico has shown the uniformity of two Grippotyphosa serogroup strains from Primorie and Khabarovsk with a sequence-type (ST) profile 110:100:94. ST146 is determined in four Javanica serogroup strains according to scheme No. 1, and unique single nucleotide polymorphisms are detected according to schemes No. 2–3. Thus, in Siberia and the Far East, between 2012 and 2016, seven pathogenic Leptospira cultures were isolated from carriers in natural foci; carrier infection rate being12.0–48.9 %. Javanica serogroup strains differ in the MLST profile characteristics and adapt to nutrient media for a longer time than Grippotyphosa serogroup strains.

Solving the task of forming a digital trust environment requires a theoretical study of conceptual issues of implementing constituent mechanisms, legal aspects and systematization of approaches to ensuring it. The article examines the transformation of the concept of «trust» in the conditions of digitalization. The significance of trust for the functioning of a digital environment, organization of interaction in modern conditions is considered. The article analyzes legal issues of trust mechanisms implementation and trends in legislative activity, identifies key directions of trust stimulation, development vectors, and sectoral approaches. Research purposes: to analyze and systematize information and legal approaches to the formation of trust in the digital environment. Research methods: dialectics, generalization and system analysis of public relations related to the problems of interaction in the digital environment, legal modeling. The article analyzes and structures the key elements and principles of trust implementation in the digital environment, proposes a conceptual approach to the formation of its structure.

Introduction. The cultural heritages of the Sakha (Yakut) and the Tuvan are distinguished by a similarity of basic worldview ideas pertaining to the structure of the Universe, multi-storeyedness of each of the Three Worlds, the pantheon of deities, etc. Goals. The article aims to interpret semantics of ethnic jewelry as a visual narrative articulating the ideas of individual soul in traditional Sakha and Tuvan cultures. To facilitate this, the paper shall summarize the available descriptions of these ideas from ethnographic material, identify some facts confirming jewelry used to serve as markers of soul, consider semantics of traditional jewelry signs. The study hypothesizes as follows: when it comes to soul visualizations, folklore sources manifest repeated indications localizing one of the three souls (aorta, blood, belt, etc.) ― hence, the other two must also have some certain locations and related beliefs, too. Methods. With due regard of the dynamics in religious and aesthetic preferences, the employed interdisciplinary and comparative historical approaches comprise the structural/functional, interpretative, and axiological methods. The method of mosaic reconstruction proves as instrumental in revealing jewelry symbolism. Results. The paper confirms adornments (jewelry pieces) act as means to visualize some valuable worldviews, ideas of human soul and its whereabouts, prestige and behavioral norms. The former are defined as utmost identity signs for an inhabitant of the Middle World that serve as markers and protective amulets for each of the three human souls, also viewed as mediators between the sacred and profane worlds, triggers in ritual communication, and social status indicators. Conclusions. Being a universal form, circle (silver disk, bead, infinity knot, and button) denotes the place and function of each soul. For instance, the air one of the Sakha and the middle one of the Tuvan are placed in the head and identified with head adornments (jewelry pieces). According to Sakha beliefs, the maternal soul is localized in the mediastinum (pulse and blood ― heart and liver), while Tuvans place soul one into the navel. Yakut women of fertile age tend to mark this soul with solar breast jewelry, with no identified symbolic parallels in the Tuvan costume. Yakuts believe the third earthly soul be indicated with a belt buckle and dwell in the navel, while the Tuvan tradition says the good soul dwells in the belt. So, the Yakut have retained somewhat more archaic version of the symbolic corpus. And the differences are largely determined by the late influence of Manchu-Chinese culture and Buddhism on worldviews of southern Tuvans.

Relevance. The problem of the development of a personality subsystem associated with cognitive subjectivity, as well as the formation of a future officer as a subject of social and cognitive action, as a meaningful ability for self-determination and organization of the educational process, is a topical topic of psychological and pedagogical research, as well as the legitimization of a new methodology of knowledge, in areas of the learning and teaching personality. To date, there are psychological studies devoted to the study of subjectivity, cognitive activity. There is a need to explore the psychological mechanisms of the cognitive subjectivity of the individual. Materials and methods. The purpose of the study is to identify and characterize the psychological mechanisms of cognitive subjectivity. The study was conducted using a systematic approach, as a result of which mental phenomena that affect cognitive subjectivity were consistently studied. The interrelation and functions of psychological mechanisms for the development of cognitive subjectivity are investigated. Results. The main results of the work are the identified terminological, meaningful, functional and structural characteristics of the psychological mechanisms of the development of cognitive subjectivity. The results of the study can be used in conducting research in the field of educational psychology and the educational process in military institutions.

Distilled alcoholic drinks are popular all over the world. Monitoring the quality and safety of such drinks requires modern instrumental methods. Chemical composition of alcoholic beverages has become focus of numerous experimental and theoretical publications. However, this area remains understudied. This research provided an experimental confirmation of the capillary electrophoresis as a prospective method for determining anions in alcoholic beverages. The study involved model solutions and 30 samples of distilled alcoholic beverages purchased by random sampling from a retail chain. The chemical analysis relied on a PrinCE 560 capillary electrophoresis system equipped with a conductometric detector. The study revealed the working parameters for electrophoretic analysis that provided a selective qualitative and quantitative test of five target analytes in 9 min. The optimal composition of the buffer solution and the optimal electrolyte ratios were 30 mmol/dm3 L-Histidine and 30 mmol/dm3 2-(N-Morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid Monohydrate. The correlation between the peak area and the mass concentration was at 0.1–10 mg/dm3 for the target analytes. The approach proved effective in determining chloride, nitrate, sulfate, fluoride, and phosphate ions in whiskey, rum, tequila, moonshine, grain, and rum distillates. The study also included a comparative analysis of the qualitative and quantitative anion profiles in whiskey samples from different countries. All the samples contained 0.22–52.74 mg/dm3 chlorides, 0.60–0.06 mg/dm3 nitrates, 0.25–17.59 mg/dm3 sulfates, and 0.75–12.70 mg/dm3 phosphates. Research prospects include a metrologically certified method to identify the anion composition of organic and inorganic acids in distilled alcoholic beverages.

Introduction. Artificial neural networks are widely utilized in medical fields, such as dentistry, molecular genetics, immunology, cardiology, and others. Forensic medicine is no exception, as artificial neural networks are also beginning to find applications in this field. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential for predicting human anthropometric parameters using dermatoglyphic parameters, which could enhance the method of dermatoglyphic identification. Materials and methods. We analyzed dermatoglyphs of the hands and feet from 567 individuals aged 18 to 59 years, with no genetic or endocrine disorders and no musculoskeletal problems. Results and discussion. The outcome of our work resulted in the development of the "Dermatoglyphics For Prediction (DFP)" program [Author's Certificate No. 74561. Computer program "Forensic Medical Identification Program using Artificial Neural Networks" Registration date: 07.11.2017]. This software device, after appropriate training, enables the prediction of an individual's ethnic-territorial affiliation and the presence of specific anthropometric parameters using such input data as dermatoglyphs of the hands and feet. Conclusions. The increasing needs of the Ukrainian community for the identification of unknown individuals, given the geopolitical situation related to Russian invasion in Ukraine (the constant threat of ballistic missile attacks and unmanned aerial vehicles across the entire territory of Ukraine, which could lead to mass casualties), justify the relevance and the search for innovative approaches to dermatoglyphic identification expertise, utilizing state-of-the-art technologies, particularly neural network-based prediction of anthropometric parameters, sex, and ethnic-territorial affiliation of an unknown person, using input parameters such as dermatoglyphs of the hands and feet, with the aim of enhancing the evidentiary value of identification expertise. This software device, after appropriate training, allows for the prediction of ethnic-territorial affiliation and the presence of specific anthropometric parameters in the examined individual using such input data as dermatoglyphs of the hands and feet.

The turbulent first decades of the XX century resulted in the fact that modern Russians know very little about their ancestors, their social status, occupation, education, etc. Sometimes the only source for numerous genealogical questions can be obtained from unidentified and undated faded photographs. The author made an attempt to identify the Pavlovsk Military School cadets of the Fifth Squad, graduates of the Tenth Accelerated Wartime Course, by their graduation photo made in 1916. The Pavlovsk Military School was one of the most prestigious military education institutions in the Russian Empire. The article contains biographical information and images of cadets whose personality the author managed to identify. Most of them chose the military path guided by the realities of the Great War. These people became witnesses and participants of revolutions, wars, emigration, repressions, and World War II. The research relied on federal and regional archives. The identity of the cadets was confirmed by archival photographs. This research proved that students’ files can be an important historical source. The publication may help to find the descendants of the cadets, as well as to attract the attention of scholars and local historians, and encourage active citizens to provide additional information about their personalities.

The project method in training journalism students is effective and in demand. The author's experience proves it. The main thematic works of domestic and foreign scientists, methodologists, journalists-practitioners were analyzed. The experiment conducted in two groups of future journalists showed that projecting allows the successful development of professional competencies outlined in the Federal State Educational Standard. In doing so, motivation for learning and future activities increases, skills in using digital tools improve, and oratorical abilities improve. The material for the study was the author's teaching work with journalism students of the Faculty of Philology at Surgut State Pedagogical University. The modeling and questioning methods were used. The analysis of the results of the experiment allows to conclude about the effectiveness of the project method of teaching as a means of forming a holistic media personality of a journalism student at university (within the framework of the activity-based approach).

The spread and development of sunflower rust in the regions of the Russian Federation is due to the emergence of new biotypes of the pathogen, which have overcome the resistance of cultivated varieties and hybrids. The aim of the research was to identify isolates of the sunflower rust pathogen collected in 2020-2022 in 8 regions of crop cultivation according to the internationally accepted classification: Krasnodar, Volgograd, Saratov, Voronezh, Ulyanovsk, Penza, Orenburg, and Tambov regions of the Russian Federation. Differential lines of sunflower rust resistance (CM 90, CM 29, R-386, HAR-1, HAR-2, HAR-3, HAR-4, HAR-5) and the variety VNIIMK 8833 susceptible to all races of the pathogen were used for testing. A total of 280 isolates of urediniospores of the parasite collected from infected plants of different sunflower genotypes were identified according to the internationally accepted classification. In this sample, 27 biotypes of rust pathogens were differentiated. There have been identified fifteen biotypes not previously found in Russia, their code numbers are 320, 701, 703, 710, 720, 721, 730, 742, 744, 747, 761, 765, 766, 771 and 777. The most virulent biotype 777 was detected in 2022 among isolates from the Volgograd region. The biotype with the code number 700 was detected in all the regions presented, accounting for 50 % of the sample of isolates studied. It is advisable to carry out sunflower breeding for its resistance.

Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are one of the most popular vegetables in the world. These days, Russian consumers prefer tomatoes labeled as organic. However, the agricultural industry often lacks instrumental methods to confirm the organic status of tomatoes. Isotope mass spectrometry is a promising method that can detect tomatoes that fail to meet organic standards. Isotopic values of total nitrogen and total carbon can be used to identify tomatoes as those grown on the field or as those cultivated in greenhouses enriched with carbon dioxide. The research featured 16 samples of tomatoes, 14 of which were purchased in Russian retail chains. Two samples were grown on the field without chemical fertilizers. The composition of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the samples was determined using an IRMS Delta V Advantage isotope mass spectrometer with additional auxiliary modules. In the greenhouse tomatoes, δ13C values ranged from –44 to –32‰. In the samples obtained from a conventional greenhouse, δ13C values ranged from –30 to –24‰. Six samples proved to have been grown in artificial carbon dioxide atmosphere. Three samples demonstrated borderline values of δ13C and δ15N; they were impossible to identify as organic or conventional, both in terms of artificial carbon dioxide and fertilizers. Isotope mass spectrometry proved to be efficient in detecting falsified organic products. Tomatoes grown with carbon dioxide enrichment had lower isotope values of total carbon than organic tomatoes. The obtained values also made it possible to tell between organic and chemical fertilizers.

FTIR spectroscopy method of a single frustrated total internal reflection was used to study 53 samples of coniferous wood and 77 samples of deciduous wood of the middle zone of Russia. Characteristic absorption bands in IR spectra were described, absorption band places characteristic for coniferous and deciduous wood were revealed. Characteristic differences in the spectra of coniferous and deciduous wood species suitable for their identification were determined. Using the established characteristic differences, the wood species of three archaeological materials were identified. The results of approbation of the previously proposed method of identification of archaeological wood species by IR spectroscopy of a single frustrated total internal reflection were presented. It is shown that the most promising diapason for identification species of archaeological wood samples is 1270-1220 cm-1, where two bands of different intensity were detected. In the spectra of coniferous wood the more intensive band is located in about 1265 cm-1 and in the spectra of deciduous species – about 1230 cm-1.

The Dayak tribe consumes wild indigenous vegetables as a part of their diet. However, there is limited information available about the pests and diseases affecting these vegetables. To address this, a study was conducted to investigate and identify the presence of natural enemies such as parasites and predators, as well as to assess the dominance of arthropods and the occurrence of diseases. The parameters studies included the symptoms of pest and disease attacks, the dominance index and incidence of diseases, and the order and family classifications of arthropods, based on the morphology of pests, parasites, and predators, respectively. Results revealed that the arthropods identified were composed of 8 orders, 36 families and 660 individuals. The predator population was found to be 94.46% on the soil surface, while the population of nocturnal insects was 74.19%. The presence of pests was predominantly found on the canopy, accounting for 92.83%. The arthropod dominance index was categorized as high, with values of 0.58 and 0.75, dominated by yellow mites (Tarsonemidae) and weaver ants (Formicidae). On the other hand, the dominance index of nocturnal insects was only 0.15. The disease incidence of Solanum ferox caused by Colletotrichum sp was 5%, lower than that observed in Helminthostachys zeylanica, Allium schoenoprasum, and Ceratopteris thalictroides caused by Curvularia sp (45.8%), but still considered to be in the non-hazardous category.

Objective: to specify the models of legal regulation in the sphere of biometric identification and authentication with facial recognition technology in order to elaborate recommendations for increasing information security of persons and state-legal protection of their right to privacy.Methods: risk-oriented approach in law and specific legal methods of cognition, such as comparative-legal analysis and juridical forecasting, are significant for the studied topic and allow comparing the legal regulation models used in foreign countries and their unions in the sphere of biometric identification and authentication with facial recognition systems, forecasting the possible risks for the security of biometric data, taking into account the prospects of further dissemination of the modern facial recognition technology, and to shape recommendations on legal protection of biometric data.Results: the ways are proposed to further improve legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and other countries currently developing the legal regulation of biometric data, regarding the admissible criteria for using the facial recognition technology, the elaboration of categorization of biometric systems with a high and low risk levels (by the example of the experience of artificial intelligence regulation in the European Union), and the necessity to introduce a system of prohibitions of mass and unselective surveillance of humans with video surveillance systems, etc.Scientific novelty: consists in identifying a positive advanced foreign experience of developing legal regulation in the sphere of facial recognition based on biometry (European Union, the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), which can be used for further improvement of the national legislation in order to create more effective mechanisms of legal protection of personal data, including biometric information.Practical significance: based on risk-oriented approach and comparative analysis, the research allows elaborating measures for enhancing the legal protection of biometric data and ensuring effective protection of civil rights and freedoms by forecasting further expansion of the modern facial recognition technology.

The Vitis vinifera L. UFGT gene is one of the diagnostically significant genes for genetic testing of technical grape varieties as well as wine materials and wines produced from them. The strategy for genetic identification of grape varieties and DNA authentication of wine materials that was previously developed by us and is based on direct sequencing of the specific PCR product with a length of 99 bp gave an impulse to prognostic assessment of feasibility of PCR-RFLP analysis for detection of five diagnostically significant polymorphic positions and the following identification of 13 UFGT gene-associated groups of Vitis vinifera L. The aim of this work consisted in identification of UFGT gene-associated groups of Vitis vinifera L. by detection of diagnostically significant polymorphic positions using the developed PCR-RFLP method for genotyping of grape. Objects of research were 24 samples of technical grape varieties. Their sample preparation was carried out by extracting 50–100 mg of mature grape pulp or stone with its mechanical comminution in a mortar and transfer to an Eppendorf-type tube. Then, nucleic acids were extracted using a commercial innuPREP Plant DNA Kit or DiamondDNA Plant kit. PCR-RFLP with the extracted grape DNA was performed with Phire Plant Direct PCR Master Mix and four selected restrictases (PstI, BsaXI, BtsIMutI and HinfI) according to the protocols presented in the paper. The detection of the PCR-RFLP fragments was performed by visualization of electropherograms in a UV transilluminator after horizontal electrophoresis in 2.5% agarose gel with stained TAE buffer. The method for PCR-RFLP genotyping of grapes developed specially for identification of UFGT gene-associated groups of Vitis vinifera L. by detecting diagnostically significant polymorphic positions demonstrated its feasibility when testing 24 samples of technical grape varieties. With that, the positive result was achieved due to the practical ability of each of four selected restrictases to discriminate the strictly specified polymorphic position generating characteristic PCR-RFLP profiles of 13 UFGT gene-associated groups of Vitis vinifera L., seven of which were revealed during this study. Therefore, as a result of the performed study, the genotypic affiliation of several tested grape varieties was established: six samples were identified as representatives of the UFGT gene-associated group No.1; one sample was assigned to gene-associated group No.2; two samples were characterized by the trait of associated group No.3; four samples belonged to group No. 4; one sample to group No. 5; six samples to group No.13.

Gentamicin sulfate is a broad-spectrum bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora purpurea and used in clinical practice as an active substance containing a mixture of gentamicins C1 and C2. Gentamicin content is a standardised parameter controlled as part of a pharmaceutical product review. Currently, the quality control of the active substance gentamicin sulfate involves the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the indirect identification of the component composition by comparison with a reference standard and for its quantification by calibration against the reference standard.The aim of the study was to develop a procedure for identifying and quantifying the components of the active substance gentamicin sulfate using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy that would not require reference standards.Materials and methods. The authors studied a sample of the active substance gentamicin sulfate using an Agilent DD2 NMR spectrometer operating at 600 MHz to record NMR spectra and an Agilent 1200 HPLC system equipped with a multiple wavelength detector (MWD) to obtain chromatograms.Results. Having determined the spectral properties of the C1, C1A, C2, C2A and C2B gentamicins comprising the active substance, the authors observed characteristic signals of the same type that corresponded to each of the gentamicins and did not overlap with other signals in the 1H and 13C spectra. These characteristic signals provided spectral markers indicative of the gentamicins of interest in the sample, with normalised integrated intensities equal to the mole fractions of the analytes. The authors compared NMR and HPLC measurements of the active substance composition.Conclusions. The authors developed a procedure for identifying and quantifying the constituents of the active substance gentamicin sulfate by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, which requires less effort than HPLC procedures and no reference standards for the intended applications.

The article considers issues related to the use of data identifiers in current population accounting. The author’s classification of methods for identifying personal data a with an indication of their advantages and disadvantages is presented. The dangers of using identification numbers are defined. Particular attention is paid to the problem of repeated formation of identification numbers and ways to prevent it and stop the consequences. Proposals on the use of identification numbers in the created information resources are formed.

The Convention on the prohibition of the development, production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons and on their destruction (CWC) stipulates the realization of the detailed procedure for the verification of the implementation of all its provisions, including the analytical control of the presence of the prohibited substances in samples, taken during the inspections of the sites of alleged development of chemical weapons (CW). In 1992 the Laboratory for the chemical and analytical control of the Military academy of radiological, chemical and biological defence named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko has been created, and from the very beginning it participates in the above mentioned verification programme. Since 2006 the Laboratory operates within the framework of the federal state budgetary establishment «27 Scientific Centre» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. As a result of the successful performance in the OPCW`s (the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons) Official Inter-Laboratory Proficiency Testing Programme, in 2000 the Laboratory has been awarded the status of «designated» (a type of OPCW`s accreditation). It has been certified to perform independent analysis of authentic samples, taken from the sites of international inspections and transferred off-site in accordance with the relevant provisions of the CWC. To date, the OPCW has organized 42 official OPCW Proficiency Tests for the analysis of environmental and technological samples, and two official OPCW Biomedical Proficiency Tests. In 2016, together with the accreditation for the analysis of environmental and technological samples, valid since 2000, the Laboratory of the «27 Scientific Centre» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation has been designated for the analysis of authentic biomedical samples. During its 25 years of existence, the Laboratory has been successfully solving the problems of the analysis of composite objects during the investigations into the alleged use of chemical weapons, as well as of the analysis of samples, taken from the burial sites for abandoned chemical weapons and from the territories of their former production facilities.

The regulatory standards require that the identification of live plague vaccines and the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin) should be performed by immunofluorescence. A major drawback of the recommended method is its labour intensive nature. However, immunochromatography represents an alternative method that offers a number of advantages, including rapid testing and easy result interpretation. The aim of the study was to assess the applicability of immunochromatography to the identification of live plague vaccines and the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin).Materials and methods. The authors performed identification tests using samples of the pharmacopoeia standard for live plague vaccines, three commercial batches of a live plague vaccine, and two batches of the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin). These samples were tested using immunochromatographic assay (ICA) reagent kits for rapid detection and identification of Yersinia pestis (ICA System for Y. pestis) and Francisella tularensis (ICA System for F. tularensis) manufactured by the State Scientific Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.Results. The findings show that immunochromatography is an effective, rapid, and species-specific method to confirm the presence of Y. pestis in a sample of a live plague vaccine or F. tularensis in a sample of the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin). To perform identification tests by immunochromatography, the authors recommend diluting live plague vaccine samples to a concentration of 109 bacterial cells/mL and using undiluted samples of the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin).Conclusions. The study results may support the inclusion of ICA into the regulatory standards for live plague vaccines and the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin) as an alternative identification method.

Introduction. Scanning electron microscopy is a modern method that allows us to study not only the morphological features of objects, but also to conduct micro-X-ray structural analysis. Currently, the method is being actively introduced into the study of biological objects (including plant ones). Sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) leaves are a non-pharmacopoeial type of medicinal plant raw materials. Further study of the morphology, anatomy and phytochemical composition of leaves can contribute to the production of new, including combined, medicines, which will require the development of a pharmacopoeia article for this medicinal plant raw material.Aim. The aim of the study was to study the morphological and anatomical features of sea buckthorn leaves by scanning electron microscopy.Materials and methods. The object of the study was dried whole leaves of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.), collected in the Voronezh region in 2021 during the period of mass fruit maturity. To carry out the study by scanning electron microscopy, pieces of leaves were previously sprayed with gold on an automatic spraying unit Q150R ES (Quorum Technologies Ltd., United Kingdom) to increase conductivity. Micrographs were obtained using an electron microscope JSM-6510LV (JEOL Ltd., Japan).Results and their discussion. The morphology and some features of the anatomical structure of sea buckthorn leaves were studied and the main microdiagnostic signs (surface character, types of trichomes, the presence of stomata) were clarified. The content of elements (silicon, potassium, aluminum, carbon and calcium) was determined during the microrentgenostructural analysis. Micrographs of pollen grains of the plant were obtained, the presence of the element iron in them was established.Conclusion. For the first time, the method of scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphological and anatomical features of sea buckthorn leaves. The main diagnostic signs of leaves and their location have been clarified. It has been established that carbon predominates in the composition of the raw material elements, and calcium also accumulates. The accumulation of aluminum, silicon and potassium in numerous hairs densely covering the upper, and especially the lower, surfaces of the leaf blade is assumed. The morphology of the surface of pollen grains of sea buckthorn, having a spherical shape with a spiny shell, has been established. Pollen grains, in addition to carbon, are characterized by the accumulation of iron and silicon.

Forensic identification and modern biometric technologies have a common basis and have been closely developing together in various ways. Today new biometric technologies have emerged that utilize previously inaccessible properties and characteristics of humans. The article examines how forensic identification principles are applied in the creation of such new technologies.Promising areas of collaboration between forensic experts and biometric technology specialists include collaborative studying the frequency and identification significance of external human characteristics, as well as individual features of movements and actions, determined by habits and skills and used for forensic identification. They share common goals such as investigating the causes of erroneous identifications, exploring the ways to illegally bypass biometric security systems, and developing methods to counter criminal attacks.

Modern development vector of environmental monitoring leads to elaboration of analytical methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of different ecotoxicants. Many studies face the lack of information on isomers and homologues of already studied compounds. This problem cannot always be solved experimentally due to the difficulty of separating or synthesizing certain compounds; the use of group theories of solutions will help partly; using them, solubility in water or partition coefficient between two immiscible solvents is calculated for ecotoxicants. These parameters are important for solving the analytical and ecological problems. The partition coefficient in the octanol – water system is associated with a possibility of accumulation of different compounds in living organisms; the partition coefficient in the hexane – acetonitrile system can be used in gas chromatographic analysis. Solubility in water is closely associated with accumulation of ecotoxicants in water bodies, as well as with their ability to be transferred. This paper presents the capabilities of the UNIFAC model for solving physicochemical problems using the example of calculating the properties of real ecotoxicants on the basis of the available thermodynamic data. All the obtained calculated values were compared with those determined experimentally. In the case of pyrene derivatives, solubility data were obtained for the first time using a correlation group model to calculate the heat of fusion and melting temperature.

The problem of the relationship between monumental politics and the politics of historical memory is increasingly attracting the attention of scientists and the public. This is due to the fact that conflict situations periodically arise associated with publicly formed historical memory in the form of monumental art. The article makes an attempt to comprehend the concepts of politics of memory, historical memory and their influence on the formation of monumental politics and culture of commemoration relying on the scientific concepts of M. Halbwachs, J. Assman and others and to consider monumental politics as an instrument of memory politics in the context of modern socio-political processes in the Caucasus, its role in the construction of national identity, maintaining historical memory and influencing interethnic relations. In the course of the research the author uses the method of retrospective analysis, since the formulation of the problem requires the reconstruction of the historical process, fixation of the available conclusions and their influence on the state of public opinion. The combination of retrospective and problem-chronological methods with the principles of historicism and objectivity has made it possible to consider events in an interconnected and unbiased manner.

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to analyze the current approaches of the Council of Europe regarding the regulatory regulation of the use of facial recognition technology in criminal proceedings, taking into account the wide spread of this method of fighting crime. The methodology includes the analysis of the Council of Europe Instructions on facial recognition dated January 28, 2021 and the Recommendations of the Council of Europe dated November 18, 2022, the study of the experience of other countries, the assessment of the risks of implementing this technology, the available scientific and theoretical material, and the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. The following methods of scientific knowledge were used during the research: terminological, logical-semantic, functional, systemic-structural, logical-normative. The results. The result of the study was the determination of the main principles of the implementation of the national facial recognition system, which is definitely extremely necessary and effective in the activities of law enforcement agencies and the defense sector. In order to ensure a balance between the observance of human rights and the security of society and the state, this system must be based on legality, transparency, temporal criteria (determining the time of image storage), prohibition of discrimination (tracking based on national, religious and other criteria), audit and ethics. Practical significance. The conducted analysis of modern international standards and recommendations can be useful in the development of draft laws on the introduction of facial recognition technologies (amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine regarding the granting of permission to deploy a facial recognition system in a certain place with a certain purpose and the adoption of a special law on regulating the activities of a special national body responsible for the functioning of this system) to prevent human rights violations. The lack of ECtHR practice on this issue (one application was submitted for consideration) requires careful legislative elaboration of the introduction of new technologies.

In sociology of religion, there are few works on the quantitative analysis of the reactions of the main social institutions to the phenomenon of religiosity. Social representations and illusions about non-traditional religiosity are formed within the boundaries of many unrelated and uncoordinated reactions of representatives of each institution. The logic of choosing the object of reactions among the existing religious organizations reflects both the specifics of the social institution and external influences, i.e., the social context. The article aims at identifying the institutional specifics of the reactions of traditional religions to non-traditional religiosity based on the analysis of the perception of new religious movements by the Orthodox and Catholic churches in the Republic of Belarus in 1992-2020. The content analysis was used to analyze 715 books, articles in the media, leaflets, proceeding of conferences and other publications of churches on new religions. The author argues that 407 groups were identified, and their configuration reflects the selective attention of traditional confessions to new religions; presents their distribution according to the structural and content characteristics, recursiveness and frequency of mentions, the status of authors in the hierarchy of churches, the influence of foreign articles reprinted in the Belarusian media. The author identifies the institutional specifics of the perception of new religions by religious organizations as criticism from the standpoint of their own dogma; moreover, the features of the past and contemporary life of Christian churches make them primarily respond to the intra-church sectarianism, Christian and pseudoChristian groups, then to neo-paganism and groups of magic, divination and healing, Satanism and occult-mystical groups. The article mentions external and internal factors determining the churches’ perception of new religious organizations in a non-typical form, and the range of variability of the antisectarian discourse of the Orthodox and Catholic churches.

Introduction. Enoxaparin sodium-containing drugs are included in relevant protocols for COVID-19 therapy. An increase in the production volume of such drugs leads to a demand for available and precise methods of identification and quantitative measurement of the active ingredient in the preparations. Considering the fact that pharmacopoeial methods require significant amount of expensive standards and reagents that are unavailable for numerous laboratories, it is relevant to develop a more available method that will accelerate and make cheaper the process of quality control for enoxaparin sodium-containing preparations.Aim. To develop and validate a simple, economic, and precise method of gel-permeation HPLC with the application of a refractive index detector for the evaluation of enoxaparin sodium in preparations for injection.Materials and methods. Samples of enoxaparin sodium-containing substances and commercial preparations were studied. The identification and quantitative content of the active ingredient were performed by the method of gel-permeation HPLC using a 1260 Infinity (Agilent Technologies, USA) chromatograph equipped with a refractive index detector.Results and discussion. The authors analyzed standard validation characteristics: specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy of the method. The analysis revealed high specificity and suitability of the proposed method to chromatographic symmetrical multiprocessing systems. The method is recommended for routine control of finished and semi-finished pharmaceutical preparations containing from 25 to 200 mg/ml of enoxaparin sodium-containing.Conclusion. The proposed method can be used for routine quality control of enoxaparin sodium-containing preparations for injection.

Olive oil is a valuable food product, a source of monounsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, including polyphenolic nature, as well as terpenes and phytosterols. The high cost, along with the demand for special dietary properties, makes olive oils an attractive target for counterfeiting, most often done by diluting olive oil with cheaper sunflower and rapeseed oils. Considering that traditional indicators of identification of vegetable oils do not allow to detect such falsification; it is relevant to search for new objective indicators and methods for identifying olive oils. The purpose of the research is to justify the use of triacylglyceride profile for identification and detection of falsification of olive oils. The objectives of the research include the selection and adaptation of an effective and affordable method for determining the triacylglyceride profile; identification of reliable markers of identification and falsification of olive oils, carried out by diluting them with sunflower or rapeseed oils; establishing dependencies that allow determining the amount of sunflower or rapeseed oil mixed with olive oil. Gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector has been used as the main research method. Based on the studies carried out, the method of gas chromatography with a flame initiation detector has been adapted for the analysis of the triacylglyceride profile of olive, sunflower and rapeseed oils, as well as their mixtures. Markers have been established that make it possible to unambiguously identify the falsification of olive oil by diluting it with sunflower or rapeseed oil. Calibration graphs and dependencies are proposed that allow you to set the amount of sunflower or rapeseed oil in a mixture with olive oil.