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The role of equipping each railway station with modern automatic and telemechanical devices is invaluable. However, there is an opinion that equipping the station with electric centralization requires huge investments and the payback period is ten years. In the course of the research, the reasons for the long-term payback of the introduction of electric centralization at the station were determined. It is revealed that according to the existing methodology for assessing the economic prospects for the intro-duction of a new technology of electric centralization, the number of shunting locomotives saved is not taken into account due to the acceleration of the duration of technological operations at the station. This article discusses a new methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of the introduction of an elec-tric centralization system on the example of the development of the infrastructure of the station «Z». The procedure for determining the initial capital investments in the development of the station infrastructure and equipping it with an electric centralization system is presented. The payback period of investments, the rate of return and the annual cost savings spent within the framework of the implemented electric centralization system are shown.

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The rise in gas prices causes them to switch to alternative fuels such as firewood, coal and fuel briquettes. Replacing a gas boiler with a solid fuel does not require much effort and such a solution was economically feasible given the high cost of electricity as well. However, to date, energy pricing has undergone a realignment. So the question remains how to really save energy and money of consumers. The purpose of the article was to analyze the cost of thermal energy during the heating period for individual buildings given the constant change in price and priorities for a particular fuel. Mathematical estimation of heat losses of an individual building was carried out, based on a number of assumptions and generalizations. Thanks to this technique, it is possible to estimate with sufficient accuracy for engineering calculations, consumption of natural gas, solid fuel and electricity to provide energy to the home heating system. As a result of the analysis, a number of features can be outlined. After rising gas prices, individual homeowners have made a sharp switch to solid fuel heating. In 2016, prices for alternative fuels, such as coal and fuel briquettes, were much lower than the price of gas for the population. Therefore, a solid fuel boiler unit was a good solution to the problems of Ukrainians in the fight against energy dependence. In 2020, the situation changed dramatically. The price of solid fuels has risen and it is difficult to find an alternative to gas now, taking into account the ease of operation of the gas boiler, as opposed to solid fuel. The sharp rise in the price of firewood and coal is associated with high demand and a sharp decrease in solid fuel resources. It should also be noted that the problem of ecology in Ukraine will continue to become increasingly important. Therefore, the use of solid fuel sources of heat will have to be consciously refuse in the near future. Application of local infrared heating system will allow to provide local heating of only some residential zones. Also, the installation of a two-zone or three-zone electricity meter and quality regulation of the infrared heating system will save energy.

Energy security is an extremely important area of every country’s activity. The management of the energy sector affects immediate functioning of the entire economy, and further the state of the natural environment. After Poland’s integration with the European Union, our country had to comply with the Community regulations. The constantly growing interdependence between states is an extremely important tendency of modern civilization. Oil and gas resources are declining, but the demand for these raw materials is not diminishing. It is estimated that there will be enough coal for some time, but burning all its resources would be a huge burden for the environment, because in this way global greenhouse gas emissions would increase even more.

The optical scheme and design of spectral dual-beam device with dual-beam multiple-pass gas cellon the basis of the IKS-24 spectrophotometer, allowing to register absolute ranges of absorption of radiation gas environments at full automation of measurements at high metrological ensuring results of the executed researches is considered. Multiple-pass gas a cell provides change of length of an optical way in range of 0,6+7 m and range of pressure in a working chamber from 13 to 5 ∙ 105 Pa. The results experimental research of products of absorption of various ingredients of a gas phase of products of combustion are discussed at spectral resolution Δ=1+10 см-1 and their application for the analysis of ingredient composition of gaseous fuels and combustion products in the energy and power technology units.

Chemical energies and exergies reflect more correctly and completely the energy potentials of fuels than the calorimetric values that generally used in practical calculations. Using chemical energies and exergies for analysis of energy efficiencies in energetic and technological processes may greatly change the estimated levels of efficiencies for different technical systems. Available methods for estimating chemical energies and exergies are described and the results compared. One of the procedures is recommended for practical application in improved form. The results of calculations for coals of Eastern Siberia give as an example.

The basic aspects of modern fuel ecological problems of motor transport and future trends of oil fuels substitution by alternative ones, including composite energy carriers are considered. The results of vehicles’ tests according to the European driving schedule are presented and a complex analysis of vehicles’ ecology economic indexes is given.