Search

The article analyzes the potential economic consequences of the pandemic for the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, identifies and systematizes external and internal factors that had the greatest impact on the activity of the world and domestic agricultural market, reveals their relationship and interdependence.

The article is devoted to various problems in logistics and its services during the pandemic period 2020–2021. This article discusses various problems and difficulties associated with transportation, starting with sanitary medical and ending with economic and price practicality, which affect different types and times of deliveries using comparative and static analysis. Статья посвящена различным проблемам в логистике и ее услугах во время пандемического периода 2020–2021 гг. В данной статье рассматривается различные проблемы и трудности, связанные с перевозками, начиная с санитарной медицинских и заканчивая экономической ценовой практичностью, которые влияют на различные виды и время доставок с использованием сравнительного и статического анализа.

The article describes a method of comparative economic evaluation of technologies or options for the development of mineral deposits by underground mining, which, according to the mining and geological conditions, under these conditions may be alternative. It is shown that in modern conditions of changing technological structures, the hardening of the real economy involves the development of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of industrial technologies on a competitive basis. Definitions of terms and concepts in mining practice are given. As a criterion for evaluating the economic efficiency of the compared development systems, traditionally accepted is the magnitude of the conditional profit from mining and processing of ores in all areas of mining. The concepts of conditionally variable reduced costs are clarified. An algorithm for calculating the conditional profit for the technologies used for the extraction and processing of ores and the determination of them economically optimal is given. The technology indicators necessary for minimization of economic consequences from ore losses at the considered technology are determined. The approach to the definition of equivalent economic relations between indicators of the developed area is formulated. The conclusion is made about the feasibility of using the proposed methodology for the assessment of technology in order to optimize technological solutions at the design stage of a field for development with economic effect.

The integrated Model of health care for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is based on the creation of specialized centers where multidisciplinary teams provide patient-centered care. Recent studies showed that the introduction of such approach into the IBD treatment practice led to faster diagnosis, an increase in the proportion of patients with mild forms of IBD and, as a result, the reduction of medical costs. The present study aims to assess the economic consequences of the proposed IBD healthcare optimization in the Republic of Tatarstan. Materials and methods. A budget impact model was created to compare two scenarios: the basic case when IBD patients are treated according to the current practice based on the existing network of clinics versus the simulated scenario when IBD patients receive medical care within a specialized IBD center, organised in accordance with the integrated multidisciplinary approach. The study hypothesis implies that the proportion of patients with severe IBD is gradually decreasing due to the change in the treatment model and the improved diagnostic procedure. The direct medical costs included the cost of visits to doctors, ambulance calls, diagnostic tests, outpatient medications, and the day-time and 24-hour in-patient care. One-way sensitivity analysis of all model inputs was performed. Results. As a result of the modified practice in the Republic of Tatarstan, the cost of medical care for IBD patients will decrease by 120 million rubles over 5 years. The sensitivity analysis shows the results are robust and not sensitive to fluctuations in the variables. However, the results are shown to be most sensitive to fluctuations in the distribution of patients by IBD severity. Conclusion. The introduction of the integrated healthcare for patients with IBD will result in lower costs of this service.

Purpose: the work covers the issues of organizational, methodological and instrumental support of the processes of diversification of organizations and enterprises of the Russian defense industry complex. Based on an analysis of the reasons for the low efficiency of federal targeted programs for the conversion of enterprises and the organization of the military-industrial complex in 1993-1997, proposals for its improvement were formulated.Methods: the methodological basis of the approach considered in the article is to assess the effectiveness of diversification, including both parameters of the use of production capacity and the main results of the production activities of economic entities.Results: the article proposed and justified: 1) the principles of diversification of enterprises and defense industry organizations; 2) tools for assessing the economic consequences, based on justifying calculations of the use of production capacity, determining the need for resources, the volume of capital investments and production areas; 3) action plan (“roadmap”) for the development and production of high-tech civilian products.Conclusions and Relevance: Diversification of enterprises and organizations of the defense-industrial complex of the Russian Federation in most cases (except for dual-use products) requires an investment of a considerable amount of funds. In order to ensure the minimization of the resources required for its fulfillment (amount of capital investments, production space and labor force), the use of the production potential load factor is proposed as a criterion for evaluation of conversion efficiency of military production.

Objective: to determine clinical and economic consequences of using the degarelix drug instead of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs for treatment of advanced hormone-sensitive prostate c ancer. Materials and methods. The main criteria of therapy effectiveness were overall survival and progression-free survival. Cost of the drugs being compared, as well as expenses associated with therapy after prostate cancer progression (per the dynamics of plasma prostate-specific antigen levels), were considered. A Markov model of prostate cancer progression was used including states “without progression”, “after progression”, and “death”. The modeling time horizon was 3 years. The main source of information on drug costs was the registry of maximal retail pricese for vital and essential drugs. The target population only included patients with high (>20 ng/ml) baseline level of prostate-specific antigen. Information on effectiveness was obtained based on analysis of the results of randomized comparative clinical trials of degarelix and leuprorelin. Results. Compared to leuprorelin, degarelix use was characterized by more favorable effectiveness and safety profiles (based on all criteria considered in the analysis). In the basic modeling script, progression-free survival was 27.9 and 20.1 months for degarelix and GnRH agonists, respectively. Despite higher cost of therapy prior to progression (359,000 and 268,000 rubles, respectively), degarelix use instead of GnRH agonists leads to 31 % decrease in direct budget medical expenses on drug provision under the state guarantee program (1,322,000 vs. 1,907,000 rubles), as well as to a decrease in the cost-effectiveness ratio (47,408 rubles/month without prostate cancer progression versus 94,651 rubles/ month without prostate cancer progression) Conclusion. Compared to treatment with GnRH agonists, use of degarelix as the 1st line therapy for treatment of prostate cancer leads to significant savings of healthcare budget expenses.

The objective is to assess the economic efficiency of the current practice of complicated IAI (intra-abdominal infections) treatment with antibiotics compared to the strategy of the therapy with carbapenem without antipseudomonal activity (Ertapanem). Materials and methods. We analyzed the economic efficiency of the current practice of IAI treatment compared to alternative therapy. Results. In current practice the cost of treatment of 1 case of complicated IAI is 82771.85 rub compared to 91471.55 rub for alternative strategy. Analysis of the impact on the Russian budget, out of the expected number of IAI cases in the Russian Federation, revealed that the current practice of antibacterial therapy allows saving up to 544166014 rubles. The proceeds allows to treat additionally 6574 patients with IAI. Conclusions. In real practice the use of antibiotics in complicated IAI treatment was assessed as more beneficial. Nevertheless, there is a lack of necessary data regarding the bacterial resistance in dynamic that could provide more information about the real economic consequences of «collateral damage» due to the current practice of using the antibiotic therapy.

Рассматриваются особенности, проблемы и уроки совершенствования рекламы и связей с общественностью в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Предложены и обоснованы рекомендации по эффективному преодолению кризисных ситуаций рекламным и PR-бизнесом., The article discusses the features, problems and lessons of improving advertising and public relations in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It offers and justifies recommendations for effective overcoming of crisis situations by advertising and PR business., Вестник Российского нового университета серия «Человек и общество», Выпуск 4 2020

Посвящено развитию выездного туризма в Российской Федерации. Проведена периодизация развития выездного туризма и описаны основные характеристики каждого этапа. Проанализирована динамика выездных туристических потоков и обоснованы условия и обстоятельства, которые способствовали его росту. Отдельный анализ посвящен туризму с сопредельными странами. Рассмотрены проблемные аспекты статистического наблюдения выездного туризма в связи с принятием новой методологии подсчета выездного туризма, а также особенности подсчета выездных туристических потоков в рамках официальной статистической информации., Dedicated to the development of outbound tourism in the Russian Federation. The periodization of the development of outbound tourism is carried out and the main characteristics of each stage are described. The dynamics of outbound tourist flows is analyzed and the conditions and circumstances that contributed to its growth are substantiated. A separate analysis is devoted to tourism with neighboring countries. The problematic aspects of the statistical observation of outbound tourism in connection with the adoption of a new methodology for calculating outbound tourism, as well as the features of counting outbound tourist flows within the framework of official statistical information, are considered., №4 (2019)

The fan-associated pneumonia currently is a leading reason of mortality of patients in resuscitation and intensive care unit. Development of the disease is accompanied by serious clinical and economic consequences. The adequate antibacterial therapy plays the determining role in the favorable outcome in pneumonia. Doripemen is a new parenteral 1-beta-methyl-carbapenem that was launched into the pharmaceutical market of Russia in 2008. The purpose of this review is to generalize the results accumulated to this moment on effectiveness of doripenem in therapy of fan-associated pneumonia.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most pertinent problems in internal medicine, primarily due to its severe thrombotic complications, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary artery and thromboembolism, and their medical and economic consequences. This emphasises the importance of the detection of risk factors relevant to prognosis and of the effective and safe long-term preventive treatment with anticoagulants, particularly for ambulatory patients. At the moment, the focus is on the so-called new oral anticoagulants which demonstrate a range of benefits, compared to indirect anticoagulants.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global epidemic followed by late complications as diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) and diabetic foot syndrome, leading to appreciable social and economic consequences. Virtually all patients with DM develop DPN in different periods. There is a clear correlation between the presence and magnitude of painful DPN and the duration of DM and the level of glycosylated hemoglobin and the severity of DPN. In spite of the abundance of theories of the development of DPN, its main identified pathogenetic factor is hyperglycemia. The literature gives no universal classification due to the variability of clinical symptoms. The main goals of treatment are to affect the pathogenesis of the disease and to prescribe symptomatic medications. The pathogenetic treatment of DPN includes compensation for carbohydrate metabolism and use of neurometabolic drugs. Pain from DPN may be controlled with antidepressants, anticonvulsants, local anesthetics and opioid analgesics. Although much evidence for the pathogenesis of peripheral nervous system injury has been recently accumulated, a universal standard for the effective therapy of DPN and the follow-up of these patients has not yet been developed.

The paper discusses the common comorbidity of immune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (RD) and depression. It considers the causes and mechanisms, which are common to these diseases, namely, the provocative role of chronic psychosocial stress; neuroendocrine dysregulations of an immune response, which give rise to the hyperproduction of the proinflammatory cytokines determining the magnitude of the major clinical syndromes of RD and depression — chronic pain, fatigue, sleep disorders, functional insufficiency. The impact of depression on patient treatment adherence and efficiency and the course and outcome of RD is discussed. Particular attention is given to the timely therapy of depression in RD, to the effect of genetically engineered biological agents on depressive symptomatology, to the need for a personified approach to prescribing antidepressants. By taking into account the importance of detection and treatment of depressive disorders in rheumatologic practice from the clinical standpoint and in terms of medical, social, and economic consequences, the author propose an interdisciplinary approach to managing the patients with RD with the participation of rheumatologists, psychiatrists, neurologists, and medical psychologists.

Представлены результаты анализа данных Житомирского областного центра по гидрометеорологии за период 2000–2015 гг., на основе которого сделан вывод о тенденциях изменения климата в регионе. Показано, что на протяжении указанного периода во все времена года наблюдалось превышение температуры по сравнению с нормой. Среднегодовая температура по области увеличилась на 1,8ºC. Это свидетельствует о наличии тенденции изменения климата в сторону потепления. Наблюдалось также увеличение среднегодового количества осадков. При этом основное количество осадков приходилось на осенне-зимний период, а летние месяцы стали более засушливыми. Рассмотрены положительные и отрицательные последствия указанных климатических изменений для основных отраслей экономики Житомирской области – сельского, лесного, водного хозяйства, пищевой, добывающей и деревообрабатывающей промышленности. В частности, выявлены потенциальные конкурентные преимущества области в аграрной сфере, связанные с улучшением агроэкологических условий выращивания сахарной свёклы и кормовых культур. Предложены мероприятия, направленные на сокращение выбросов парниковых газов и на адаптацию к изменениям климата., The results of the analysis of the data of Zhytomyr Regional Center for Hydrometeorology for the period 2000–2015 are presented; on the basis of the data the conclusion is made about the trends of climate change in the region. It is shown that over the mentioned period in all seasons the temperature was exceeded in comparison with the norm. The average annual temperature in the region has increased by 1,8ºC. This indicates a trend of climate change towards warming. An increase in the average annual precipitation was also observed. The main amount of precipitation occurred during the autumn-winter period, and the summer months became more arid. The positive and negative consequences of mentioned climatic changes for the main sectors of the economy of the Zhytomyr region – rural, forestry, water management, food, mining and woodworking industries – are considered. In particular, the potential competitive advantages of the region in the agrarian sphere, related to the improvement of agroecological conditions for the cultivation of sugar beet and fodder crops, have been revealed. The measures aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emission and at adapting to climate change are proposed., Представлені результати аналізу даних Житомирського обласного центру з гідрометеорології за період 2000–2015 рр., на основі якого зроблено висновок щодо тенденцій зміни клімату в регіоні. Показано, що протягом зазначеного періоду в усі пори року спостерігалося перевищення температури в порівнянні з нормою. Середньорічна температура по області збільшилася на 1,8ºC. Це свідчить про наявність тенденції зміни клімату в бік потепління. Спостерігалося також збільшення середньорічної кількості опадів. При цьому основна кількість опадів припадала на осінньо-зимовий період, а літні місяці стали більш посушливими. Розглянуто позитивні та негативні наслідки зазначених кліматичних змін для основних галузей економіки Житомирської області – сільського, лісового, водного господарства, харчової, добувної та деревообробної промисловості. Зокрема, виявлено потенційні конкурентні переваги області в аграрній сфері, пов’язані з поліпшенням агроекологічних умов вирощування цукрового буряка і кормових культур. Запропоновано заходи, спрямовані на скорочення викидів парникових газів і на адаптацію до змін клімату.