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Background. Smoking is a preventable risk factor of chronic respiratory diseases. Aim. To study the incidence of smoking and assess its impact on the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in the young population. Methods. Based on the GA2LEN questionnaire, a survey of 1252 residents of one Moscow district aged 1524 years was conducted (response rate 85.0%). The statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica software package, version 10; EPINFO, version 7 (WHO). Results. The incidence of smoking was 13.2% among men and 13.0% among women (p=0.895). Regular smoking in young people is registered from the age of 10 years and older. The intensity of smoking was higher in men than in women. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms in smokers (S) was higher than that in non-smokers (NS). 19.1% of NS and 26.3% (p0.001) of S among men, as well as 15.9% of NS and 29.5% of S (p0.001) among women noted wheezing in the chest; 30.3% of S and 19.3% of NS (p0.001) among men and 33.0% of NS and 38.6% of S (p=0.009) among women experienced symptoms of allergic rhinitis in the last 12 months; 20.3% of NS and 25.0% of S (p=0.012) among men and 18.1% of NS and 27.3% of S (p0.001) among women had nasal congestion for at least 12 weeks. Conclusions. The adverse effects of smoking on the respiratory health of young people requires an active prevention to reduce the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and the severity of chronic respiratory diseases.

Данная работа посвящена изучению возможности использования в ранней диагностике биомаркеров Ñ Ñ€Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ болезни почек при совместной патологии почек и Ð´Ñ‹Ñ Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¿ÑƒÑ‚ÐµÐ¹. Задачи, которые решались в Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ðµ исследования: 1. Осуществить пробоподготовку образцов мочи и сыворотки крови пациентов с совместной патологией Ð»ÐµÐ³ÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ почек и контрольной группы. 2. Оценить функциональное состояние почек пациентов с Ñ Ñ€Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸ заболеваниями Ð´Ñ‹Ñ Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¿ÑƒÑ‚ÐµÐ¹ посредством измерения концентрации ряда биомаркеров в Ð¾Ð±Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ñ†Ð°Ñ ÑÑ‹Ð²Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ñ‚ÐºÐ¸ крови и мочи пациентов. 3. Провести статистическую обработку Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ . 4. Определить факторы, ассоциированные с ХБП у Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ñ‹Ñ Ð°ÑÑ‚Ð¼Ð¾Ð¹. Работа была выполнена в Лаборатории Ð±Ð¸Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ гомеостаза НИИ Нефрологии ФГБОУ ВО ПСПбГМУ им. ак. И.П. Павлова Минздрава России. Исследование одобрено локальным этическим комитетом ПСПбГМУ. В результате проделанной работы были выявлены перспективные биомаркеры ХБП у пациентов с Ð±Ñ€Ð¾Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ астмой (БА). По результатам проведенного ROC-анализа наиболее информативным маркером повреждения почек у Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ñ‹Ñ Ð‘Ð можно выделить цистатин С сыворотки крови., This study considers the possibility of using the biomarkers in the early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with the joint pathology of renal and respiratory tract. The research set the following goals: 1. Carry out sample preparation of urine and blood serum samples from patients with joint pathology of the lungs and kidneys and the control group. 2. To assess the functional state of the kidneys of patients with chronic respiratory diseases by measuring the urine and serum concentration of several biomarkers. 3. Conduct statistical analysis of data. 4. Determine the factors associated with CKD in patients with asthma. The work was carried out in the Laboratory of biochemical homeostasis of the Research Institute of Nephrology of Pavlov First St.Petersburg State Medical University. The research was approved by the local ethics Committee of SPbGMU. As a result of the work, promising biomarkers of CKD were identified in patients with bronchial asthma (BA). According to the results of the ROC analysis, serum cystatin C can be considered the most informative marker of kidney damage in BA patients.