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The natural shift towards a new agricultural strategy targeting at the rational use of available natural resources is marked by more economical soil cultivation methods. Innovative trends in crop production include, among other practices, the partial or complete elimination of moldboard plowing, the avoidance of vertical mixing of the arable layer, minimal soil disturbance by agricultural machinery, and a reduction in soil degradation and erosion. (Research purpose) The paper explores the application of technological approaches, processes, and technical systems developed in accordance with contemporary concepts of production processes in crop cultivation. (Materials and methods) The development of soil cultivation technologies is associated with the shift from extensive agriculture to natural resource management systems that leverage natural or nature-mimicking processes, resulting in lower entropy production than technogenic methods. New approaches, such as no-till systems, should be based on the concept of symbiosis between plants and soil microorganisms, and their interaction with environmental conditions and factors. (Results and discussion) To ensure optimal conditions for the preservation and development of biocenoses within the root-occupied soil layers, it is proposed to use submersible pneumatic hydrodrills capable of subsoil processing, loosening, and aeration through compressed air pulses. This process is followed by irrigation, fertilizer application and hydrogel integration. The most promising and appropriate agricultural technologies, technical systems and tools are those that maximize the genetic potential of plant productivity and facilitate the interaction between biomachine systems and natural processes. These approaches aim to achieve the highest and most rational synergistic effect. (Conclusions) In accordance with modern concepts in crop cultivation, technological processes and technical systems have been developed and substantiated based on the concept of symbiosis between plants and soil microorganisms. These systems utilize subsoil processing, loosening, and aeration through pulses of compressed air.

Economic efficiency is an integral method of analyzing agricultural technologies, especially against the rising prices for plant protection products, seeds, fertilizers, and fuels and lubricants. Identification and implementation of the most effective methods of field crops, growing using crop rotation and fertilizers remains an urgent task. The purpose of the current research was to study the effect of crop rotations and doses of mineral fertilizers on productivity of winter wheat grain, to analyze the economic and energy efficiency of its cultivation in the conditions of the Central Blackearth region. The study was carried out in the conditions of the experimental field of the Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center in 2016, 2020. The soil of the experimental plot was typical medium-loamy, medium-humus blackearth (chernozem). The experimental scheme included such factors as grain-fallow-row crop, grain-grass-row crop, and grain-grass rotations; with doses of fertilizers or without fertilizers, N20P40K40 and N40P80K80. The weather conditions for the rotations of the studied crop rotations differed slightly. As a result of the study, there was found that winter wheat grain productivity in grain-grass and grain-grass-row crop rotations was 17.2 and 13.8 % lower than in grain-fallow-row crop rotation. When applying mineral fertilizers at a dose of N40P80K80, the largest winter wheat productivity was 4.52 t/ha. The lowest cost of grain was established in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation, which varied from 4.68 to 5.04 thousand rubles/t due to higher yields compared to other studied crop rotations and with a dose of N20P40K40 (4.68, 4.80 and 4.97 thousand rubles/t, respectively for crop rotations). A higher level of profitability of 113.7 % was observed in grain-fallow-row crop rotation with a dose of mineral fertilizers N20P40K40, a dose of N40P80K80 not allowing obtaining a high payback of fertilizers. The energy intensity of production increased with increasing doses of applied fertilizers; its minimum values were determined in grain-fallow-row crop rotation (1.35–2.77 GJ/t). Energy efficiency coefficients when applying a dose of N20P40K40 in crop rotations were higher than when applying N40P80K80.

The results of the selection work of the Primorsky vegetable experimental station, work in the field of seed production of vegetable crops are presented, the characteristics of the negative processes occurring in the arable soils of the region and their removal by the developed ridgeridge technology of cultivation by technical means with a wide base are given. A comparative characteristic of the former and the wide-row version in terms of energy consumption and fuel consumption is givenAuthors´ Contribution: All authors contributed to the planning and setting up the experiment, aswell as in the analysis of experimental data and writing of the article.Based on the results of the selection work of the Primorsky Vegetable Experimental Station for the period 1993-2023, the station bred and released 56 varieties and hybrids of 19 main vegetable crops. The experience of the Primorsky branch of the Federal scientific vegetable center allows organizing production at a modern level, taking into account the rich experience of other regions of Russia. In conditions of monsoon climate and soils of heavy granulometric composition, with a general lack of heat, their fertility is negatively affected by a large number of external factors. To grow vegetables, a set of measures is needed for serious drainage and irrigation reclamation (creation of polder systems with the laying of systematic plastic drainage) against the backdrop of ridge-ridge cultivation technology, fine irrigation system). The developed wide-cut technology and a set of machines make it possible to introduce a resource-saving technology that saves energy costs and fuel.

Background. According to the UN FAO recommendations, it is necessary to produce one ton of grain for each inhabitant of the Earth for the production of bread and feed for livestock and poultry farming in order to obtain meat, milk, eggs, etc. However, the current level is 3 times lower, which confirms the relevance of the research. Methods and means. In the article, based on a systematic analysis of existing approaches in agriculture, a systematic synthesis of high-tech technological processes in agriculture, as well as fire protection of farmland and forests, was carried out. Examples of modern solutions in this area are given, including monitoring of farmland and forests using unmanned drones, small aircraft and helicopters. The latest developments in the development of airships for these purposes are described, including methods patented by the authors for detecting and fighting fires using gas separation nanotechnology to replace water with atmospheric nitrogen. Results. The conditions for self-organization of technological processes in agriculture are determined, on the basis of which the synthesis of the model of an "agro-fire combine-airship" is carried out, which combines "inside itself" not only the functions of fire extinguishing with separated atmospheric nitrogen, but also all agricultural technologies and precision farming techniques - "without tractors, seeders, combine harvesters, trucks and land reclamation systems. The results of the "energy assessment" of the effectiveness of the introduction of domestic innovations in this area are presented. Conclusion. As a result of the research, it was concluded that agro-fire combines-airships can implement not only technologies for extinguishing landscape and forest fires, but also have an unrivaled quality in the organization of agriculture, due to the proposed integration of these innovative solutions.

Introduction. The purpose of research is to develop a mathematical model for assessing and forecasting the complex negative impacts of agricultural technologies on water bodies. This problem is relevant because of the need to enlarge agricultural enterprises. The created model for forecasting is necessary to make an objective assessment, taking into account the complex effect of machine technologies applied to agricultural production and all biogenic elements that have a negative impact on water bodies. Materials and Methods. There was used the Spesivtsev – Drozdov method of logical-linguistic modeling, which allows giving expert knowledge a form mathematical model. Four experts were interviewed, and the obtained data became a subject of the regression analysis. The adequacy of the model was confirmed using the coefficient of determination and Fisher’s test. Results. A hierarchical system of 6 factors and 14 sub-factors was formed, including both the applied machine technologies and the management decisions on the matter. There was created a model containing a polynomial equation reflecting the influence of factors on the level of negative impact of technologies and equations that determine the influence of sub-factors on factors. Discussion and Conclusion. The created model can be used for practical purposes to support making decisions for planning, forecasting and selecting scenarios to modernize agricultural enterprises. The model equations make it possible to understand the significance of factors and sub-factors affecting the level of negative impact (diffuse load) on water bodies. This allows us to choose more effective ways to reduce the negative impact by choosing the most significant factors and/or sub-factors as objects of management.

The implementation of intelligent technologies in industrial horticulture is possible with the help of an automated system for managing production processes. (Research purpose) To develop and substantiate the parameters of an automated management system for agricultural technologies in horticulture with the ability to conduct land inspections using a mobile application. (Materials and methods) ADO.NET driver Npqsql was used for work with the database. Dapper was used as Object Relational Mapping. The web application used the Model View Controller design pattern, and Bootstrap as the css framework. Data visualization from the database was carried out using cloud technology, placing the site using a set of Internet Information Services. Jquery (a set of JavaScript functions) served as the main framework for working with the client-side of the program code. The authors also used the PostgreSql database management system. The mobile application was created in the Android studio integrated environment. (Results and discussion) The authors developed an automated system for managing agricultural technologies. They formed the structure of the hardware and software base. They created the system ability to operate in a dialogue mode with the user through forms, based on the algorithm for choosing the optimal options for technological processes in the horticultural products production. A mobile application was implemented to conduct digital land inspections. They determined the procedure for conducting land inspections by agronomists using a mobile application. (Conclusions) The authors developed a system for the automated technologies formation and management in horticulture, which provided operational processing of information flows in real time, reflecting the characteristics of the plants’ growth and state in critical phases of development. They provided modern recording devices and a mobile application operation. They showed that the system automatically optimized machine technologies for the cultivation of horticultural crops according to biological (realization of the potential biological productivity of crops) and economic (increasing the efficiency of using production resources) criteria.

This study evaluated food security index and adoption of agricultural technologies among sesame farmers in Abuja, Nigeria. The objectives specifically designed for this study were: determine the socio-economic profiles or characteristics of sesame farmers, evaluate the food security index of sesame farmers, determine the marginal productivity of sesame farmers, determine the adoption index of sesame farmers and evaluate factors influencing adoption of agricultural technologies among sesame farmers. Data used were of primary sources. Data were collected using well-designed and also well-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was subjected to validity and reliability tests. Multi-stage sampling method was used to select 100 sesame farmers. Data were analyzed using the following statistical and econometric tools: descriptive statistics, food security index, marginal productivity, adoption index and Logit regression model. The results show that 70% of sesame farmers were less than 50 years which implies that they are young, active, energetic and resourceful. Also, 64% of sesame farmers were married and 90% of them had formal education. The household sizes were large with an average of 7 people per household. Sesame farmers had considerable experiences in farm activities with an average of 8 years experiences in sesame farming. Based on headcount ratio, 54% of sesame farming households was food secure while 46% were food insecure. Two-third mean of per capital expenditure on food by sesame farming households was 1, 551.10 Naira Resource productivity shows that land, seed, and fertilizers were under-utilized while labour was over-utilized. An average adoption index of 72% was estimated and 47.37% of sesame farmers were medium adopters while 52.63% of sesame farmers were high adopters of agricultural technologies. Age(P

The authors have proved that grain crops in Siberia are cultivated using primarily extensive technologies and inadequate technical support, which makes farm produce uncompetitive. Further intensification of crop cultivation requires increasing the accuracy of technological operations. However, the insufficient availability of modern machinery remains the main limiting factor in the technological modernization of agriculture. The study has revealed that further prospects for the efficiency growth in using mechanized technologies for cultivating grain crops are offered by soil cultivation, which consumes from 30 to 40 percent of all energy costs. (Research purpose) is to justify the methodological principles of automatic controlling an energy-intensive process of tillage in agricultural technologies of grain cultivation. (Materials and methods) Use has been made of the methods of statistical analysis and synthesis of technical control means. (Results and discussion) The study has proved the necessity of the intellectualization of farm production. The authors have developed a system of automatic mode regulation belonging to the class of automatic adaptive systems with programmable positional control of input data and ensures that the machine-and-tractor unit is in the optimal range of energy modes. The minimum of dynamic error has been accepted as the quality criterion of the positional control system. To measure it, use has been made of Mahalanobis-type metric taking account of the Hamming distance. The operation of a machine-and-tractor unit has been controlled by power and kinematic regulation of the engine operating modes on tractors with a hydraulic gearbox and a gas-turbocharged engine. The effect was directed on the fuel pump rail or the fuel control lever, the gear shift lever, and the hydraulic system levers. (Conclusions) The study has revealed a random nature of the change in traction resistance of the machine-and-tractor unit caused by the heterogeneity of the soil cover. The authors have determined that this leads to increased energy intensity, as well as insufficient performance of built-in information systems indicating the current energy modes of operation of the machine-and-tractor unit operation. To control and regulate the soil heterogeneity by its hardness, a new technical solution has been proposed. The authors have proved that the developed and tested theoretical foundations and technical means of automatic control of energy-intensive technological processes of tillage ensure the required quality indicators.