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Supraventricular macro re-entry tachyarrhythmias occupy the leading places among all types of tachyarrhythmias. The most common in this category is typical atrial flutter (AFL). This heart rhythm disorder has a negative impact on the patients’ quality of life. Its complications can lead to disability and death due to possible thromboembolism. Therapeutic treatment is limited in effectiveness. The main method of intervention is catheter radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The standard approach of RFA of AFL is performed without the use of navigation systems under fluoroscopy guidance. However, this results in an increased radiation exposure to the patient and the medical personnel. Modern technologies in the field of invasive electrophysiology make it possible to create anatomical models of heart and reproduce the spread of electrical excitation. However, the routine use of additional navigation methods remains controversial. The aim. To compare the duration of RFA of typical AFL and radiation exposure with the use of anatomical and propagation mapping. Materials and methods. This study is based on the analysis of the treatment results obtained for 53 patients at the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery in the period from 2014 to 2023. Depending on imaging methods, the patients were divided into two groups. The first group included 27 patients with an anatomical mapping of the right atrium. The second group included 26 patients with propagation mapping. Results. In all the patients we have achieved a bidirectional conduction block through cavotricuspid isthmus. In the first group, the total duration of confirming the diagnosis and creating the anatomical model was 312 ± 26 seconds. The mean time to the moment of AFL termination and restoration of sinus rhythm was 230 ± 19 seconds. The average duration of the procedure was 41.5 ± 3.5 minutes, the average fluoroscopy time was 120 ± 10 seconds, the average dose area product (DAP) was 15 ± 1.3 Gy·cm2. In the second group, the average time for creating a 3D propagation model of right atrium and verifying the diagnosis was 748 ± 65 seconds. The average time from the first application to the termination of tachycardia was 227 ± 20 seconds. The average duration of the procedure was 55 ± 4.7 minutes, X-ray time was 93 ± 8 seconds, average DAP was 13 ± 1.1 Gy·cm2. The duration of the procedure in the second group was significantly longer (p = 0.03), however, the radiation exposure and DAP were not statistically different (p = 0.31) between the observation groups. Conclusions. The use of propagation mapping increases the time of the procedure by 24.5% and does not give a significant advantage in reducing the radiation exposure. The use of a navigation system during cavotricuspid isthmus RFA is recommended for concomitant radical treatment of complex supraventricular arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation.

Atrial tachyarrhythmias cause highly symptomatic conditions and have a negative impact on the patients’ quality of life (QoL). In the management of such patients, it is particularly important to consider not only objective indicators, but also the subjective well-being of patients and their everyday life. The patho-specific questionnaire for assessing the QoL is the ASTA symptom scale. The aim of the work was to conduct a patho-specific assessment of the QoL using the ASTA protocol after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for atrial tachyarrhythmias on the example of performed cavo-tricuspid isthmus (CTI) RFA among patients with typical atrial flutter. Materials and methods. In total, 135 patients from the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery were asked to complete the ASTA questionnaire before CTI RFA and during two follow-up visits in the period from 2014 to 2021. To assess the patients’ QoL, a statistical analysis was performed in accordance with the 6th part of chapters 2 and 3. Results. When analyzing complaints, statistically significant changes were found in all aspects compared to the initial state (p < 0.05). The most noticeable changes were related to the anxiety level and heart failure manifestations, in particular, dyspnea on exertion and at rest, weakness and exhaustion (p < 0.0001). The least but also statistically significant changes were associated with comorbid pathologies. Analyzing the third chapter, positive statistically significant dynamics were observed in all characteristics during the control period. After RFA, the patients reported improvements in their QoL, decreased level of depression and restored physical activity (p < 0.0001). There was also a significant improvement in social life, as there were no more restrictions in spending time with relatives and friends (p < 0.0001). In addition, there was an improvement in the ability to concentrate and in the working capacity (p < 0.0001). Conclusions. Atrial tachyarrhythmias significantly affect the QoL of patients, including their emotional, physical state and social integration, worsening the daily lives of the study participants.

Abstract. Atrial tachyarrhythmias are the most common forms of heart rhythm disorders. According to literature sources, isolated atrial flutter (AFL) is observed in 88 people per 100,000 population. Most quality-of-life assessment methods have been developed and used primarily to assess atrial fibrillation. In this context, the U22 questionnaire becomes a significant protocol aimed at quantifying paroxysmal symptoms associated with tachyarrhythmias. The aim. To evaluate changes in the quality of life in patients with typical AFL after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and bidirectional conduction block through the cavotricuspid isthmus. Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of the results of the treatment of a group of 135 patients at the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine in the period from 2014 to 2021. The patients had three follow-up examinations, which were subject to analysis and static processing: before RFA (n=135), after 1 month (n=122) and after 1 year (n=81). All the patients were interviewed concerning their arrhythmia-related symptoms, which were assessed according to the U22 protocol. Results. Before the procedure, the patients noted a low level of well-being (4.3±1.0 points). During the follow-up visit 1 month after RFA, the patients rated their general condition during this period at 8.9±0.7 points. The registered changes were statistically significant compared to the initial state (p

Macro-re-entrant atrial tachyarrhythmias occupy the leading positions in the structure of tachyarrhythmias, and one of the most common in this group is atrial flutter. These abnormal rhythms lead to a significant decrease in the quality of patients’ life, and sometimes, indirectly due to complications, can lead to disability and fatal consequences. Medical treatment for this group of arrhythmias has limited effectiveness, and the surgical method of treatment – catheter ablation – comes to the first place. Ablation of atrial flutter is traditionally performed under the guidance of fluoroscopy without the use of a navigation system, but this is associated with increased radiation exposure to patients and staff. Advances in modern arrhythmology make it possible to create anatomical models of heart chambers and activation models of the excitation spreading along anatomical models, reducing the radiation load, but requiring additional equipment and skills. Aim: to compare the procedure duration and radiation load during radiofrequency catheter ablation of the cavo-tricuspid isthmus using 3D navigation with traditional methods. Materials and methods. The work was based on the analysis of treatment results in 84 patients at National M. Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery affiliated to National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine in the period from 2014 to 2021. Depending on the imaging method, patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I included 31 patients who underwent radiofrequency cavo-tricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation according to the traditional method under fluoroscopic control without using a navigation system. Group II comprised 27 patients in whom an anatomical model of the right atrium was created. Results. Success criteria were achieved in all groups, bidirectional block line was created at the level of the CTI. In group I, the average time from the first application to the restoration of sinus rhythm was 325 ± 25 s with an average number of applications of 7.4 ± 0.6 (from 5 to 10). The average procedure time was 43.0 ± 3.3 min, with an average X-ray time of 572 ± 44 s and an average dose area product (DAP) was 62.0 ± 5.0 Gy.cm2. In group II, the total duration of the first stage of the intervention was 312 ± 26 s. The average time to stopping tachycardia and restoring sinus rhythm was 230 ± 19 s. The average time from sinus rhythm restoration to confirmation of bidirectional CTI block was 71 ± 6 s with an average number of applications of 3.2 ± 3.0 per the procedure. The average procedure time was 41.5 ± 3.5 min, the average X-ray time was 120 ± 10 s, the average DAP was 15.0 ± 1.3 Gy.cm2. Conclusions. The usage of the anatomical model of the right atrium reduces X-ray exposure by 75.8 %, in comparison to the traditional technique, during radiofrequency catheter ablation of the cavo-tricuspid isthmus with similar procedure time. The anatomical model can be recommended for ablation of the cavo-tricuspid isthmus.

The paper aims at assessing the variability of characteristics of redox conditions in the water column and the surface layer of sediments under changing anthropogenic load using in situ observational data and results of numerical modelling (the case of Sevastopol Bay). A comprehensive analysis is carried out of the chemical characteristics of the water column and pore water as well as geochemical characteristics of the bottom sediments. It is confirmed that there is the previously determined violation of the natural hydrochemical regime due to phytoplankton blooms in summer and the location of a large amount of stormwater and municipal wastewater in the bay. Despite the saturation of waters with oxygen in the bottom layer (94–113 % sat.), suboxic conditions are registered in the surface layer of bottom sediments. This is explained by predominance of the fine-grained fraction and high content of organic carbon. Mathematical calculations were performed using the one-dimensional benthic-pelagic Bottom RedOx Model (BROM). The numerical modelling results were validated using in situ observational data. The results showed that the model reproduces the natural seasonal variations of hydrochemical parameters associated with phytoplankton blooms, the occurrence of high concentrations of organic matter and its oxidation by the dissolved oxygen. Two numerical experiments with decreased and increased concentrations of organic matter were conducted to assess the effects of varying amounts of the organic matter entering the bay. It was found that the increased load on the bay results in a decrease in the oxygen concentration (up to 12 µM) and the development of anaerobic conditions in the bottom layer of water. Reduced organic matter input promotes aerobic conditions in the water column and in the bottom water layer. However, for bottom sediments, such a reduction in the load is not sufficient given the level of excess organic matter accumulated in them. The pore waters still consume oxygen and nitrates heavily and produce reduced forms of iron and manganese.

The article is aimed at studying human capital in order to create a model for assessing human capital to achieve higher enterprise efficiency and enhance its competitiveness in the market. The results of scientific and thematic studies on the concept, elements and methods of evaluating human capital have been determined and summarized. It has been determined that the approaches of individual authors, companies and analytical institutions are different, and there is a frequent use of simpler indicators that can be calculated based on the financial statements of companies. In particular, Armstrong notes that there is a difference in how human resource management is theoretically described and how it is applied in practice. The mere replacement of the term “personnel management” with the term “human resource management” does not mean that managers actually apply the main components of the philosophy of human resource management in their approach. From the definition of human capital, it follows that its components are knowledge, experience, skills, talent, competencies, etc. These components simultaneously become the main object of effective management in companies and give names to specific types of management, such as knowledge management, talent management, competent management, anti-crisis management, generation management, etc. The resulting model inherently covers separate blocks for assessing human capital efficiency at two levels, summarizing the theoretical starting points. This is the procedural side of evaluating the effectiveness of the LK itself, which is the central part of the complex approach of the MLK, taking into account its specifics, based on their identification, definition and comparison of opinions about this concept described in the professional literature and other sources. It has been proven that the components of human capital are the main objects of effective management in companies that change the strategic vector aimed at achieving the maximum possible profit, towards creating company value, using non-financial categories. The close relationship between the competitiveness of an enterprise with the use of unique human capital resources has substantiated. A model for evaluating the effectiveness of human capital is proposed in order to increase the competitiveness of an enterprise in the market, taking into account external and internal influencing factors. It has been established that the implementation of measures to assess the effectiveness of human capital can lead to the following effects: a decrease in undesirable turnover of personnel with a high level of human capital, in the development of which funds have already been invested; support of labor motivation of employees through a fairly established remuneration; exchange of knowledge and experience directly related to labor activity, which is a potential opportunity for the stable development of the human capital of the enterprise; improving the image of the enterprise through the introduction of new technologies; creation of a new product based on the results of monitoring competitors’ products and in accordance with modern requirements and customer expectations; positioning the company as a sought-after employer, which is a guarantee of obtaining and retaining qualified personnel.

The work is devoted to mathematical modeling of a DC motor rotation speed control system based on the use of a PI controller. DC motors are widely used in industry for driving cyclical mechanisms where high speed response, high starting torque, linear control are required. The main methods for controlling the required characteristics of the speed of rotation of a DC motor with independent excitation are to control the parameters of the armature and excitation windings fed from different sources. The PI controller is widely used in programmable logic controllers due to the simplicity and clarity of the mathematical apparatus. The proposed mathematical model of the PI controller is based on the choice of optimal parameters that ensure that the actual speed is kept close to the set one. The optimum PI controller coefficients KP and KI have been determined to give the best result for a constant speed. The results of computer simulation in MatLab are compared with the results of simulation on a laboratory setup. The data are obtained when using the PI controller for the steady-state error and transient time look preferable to the simulation model with voltage regulation. The developed mathematical model shows the following main results: acceleration time < 0,3 s; transient process time < 0,5 s; overshoot does not exceed 0,5 %; the steady-state error does not exceed 0,1 %. As a result of the study, a mathematical model is developed and the operation of a DC motor with a PI controller is analyzed, which makes it possible to almost completely eliminate forced oscillations and a steady-state error. The advantage of the proposed method of using the PI controller is noted as a more familiar and easy-to-use control element when implemented in existing control systems without any special changes.

Catheter ablation occupies the first place in the treatment of atrial macro reentry arrhythmias. The main controllable parameters in ablations are energy, duration of exposure and use of catheter tip cooling. With traditional ablation techniques, there is a high risk of insufficient tissue damage due to electrode instability. Regarding the issue of stability, a new technique was proposed – reducing the application time with increasing the energy. The aim of this work was to compare the results of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) using an 8 mm uncooled electrode to a 4 mm cooled electrode and a 4 mm cooled electrode with increased energy. Materials and methods. The work is based on a retrospective analysis of the results of catheter ablations in patients with atrial flutter. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the parameters of the used radio frequency energy and the type of ablation electrode. Results. It was found that in the group with increased energy, there were the shortest time from the start of RFA to the achievement of success criteria and the lowest radiation exposure. The obtained differences were statistically significant in comparison with two groups of patients who underwent traditional methods. Such differences were associated both with a reduction in the time of the application itself due to the use of high energy as well as the need to apply a smaller number of applications owing to a lower probability of the electrode displacement from the target area. Conclusions. The use of a high-energy protocol allows to success criteria for cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation more quickly compared to traditional techniques (by 30 % and 22 %, respectively) with less radiation exposure (by 27 % and 24 %, respectively). The use of the high-energy protocol does not lead to an increase in the frequency of complications and can be considered safe for clinical use.

Atrial macro reentry tachycardias are the most common tachyarrhythmias in the structure of cardiac arrhythmias in the elderly. Catheter ablations are the gold standard for the treatment of atrial macro reentry arrhythmias, but in the elderly group, the risks of complex ablations often outweigh the benefits. Aim: to determine the optimal volume of catheter ablation in atrial tachyarrhythmia using an implanted pacemaker in elderly patients. Materials and methods. The work is based on a retrospective analysis of the results of surgical treatment of (n = 45) elderly patients (75–90 years) with atrial macro reentry tachycardia, who were previously identified as an artificial pacemaker at the National M. Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery Affiliated to National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the response of the reentry tachycardia to electrical pacing (assessed by the difference between postpacing interval (PPI) and tachycardia cycle lens (CL): group І – PPI-CL 20–40 ms; group ІІ – PPI–CL 20–40 ms; group ІІІ – PPI-CL 60 ms and more. Results. In the group I (n = 20) in 100 % of the patients isthmus-dependent reentry tachyarrhythmia was diagnosed and cava-tricuspid isthmus was ablated. In the group ІІ (n = 12) 4 (33 %) patients were diagnosed with reentry tachycardia around the right pulmonary veins, in 8 (67 %) patients – reentrant tachycardia around the mitral valve. In the group ІІІ (n = 13) in 8 (62 %) patients macro reentry around the mitral valve was found, in 3 (23 %) – reentry around the left pulmonary veins, in another 2 (15 %) of the patients – reentry of the left atrial roof. Conclusions. Non-invasive electrophysiological study with pacemaker can be an effective way to study atrial macro reentry tachyarrhythmias. Electrophysiological PPI-SI criteria less than 20 ms can be used as an additional diagnostic criterion for the selection of patients for surgical treatment. Catheter ablation is recommended for elderly patients when the reentry circle is located in the right atrium.

Atrial tachyarrhythmias are becoming more common in the population. The prevalence increases with age. Often, these arrhythmias lead to disability and reduced life expectancy (indirectly through strokes). Drug therapy of atrial tachyarrhythmias reduces symptoms but does not completely resolve issue of treatment. In this regard, surgical treatment (catheter ablation) is preferable. One of the methods of catheter ablation is ablation using radio frequency energy. The key parameters of radiofrequency catheter ablation are the energy delivered to the endocardium and the time of this energy delivery. According to the traditional method, it is customary to use energy of 30 Watts for 30 s at one point. This technique has a disadvantage – in 30 s the electrode can be displaced, and the application of energy has to be repeated. A new strategy was proposed – reducing the application time by increasing the energy to respond to the challenge of high probability of electrode displacement. The aim of this work was to determine the effectiveness of the рhigh-power short-duration protocol. Materials and methods. To carry out this work, we analyzed the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation with the help of radiofrequency catheter ablation – isolation of the pulmonary veins. In patient group 1, ablation was performed using an irrigated ablation electrode with an energy of 30 Watts and an application time of 30 s, in group 2 – using the irrigated electrode with the energy of 70 Watts and the application time of 5 s. Ablations were performed under the control of radiography and electroanatomical mapping system. Full electrical isolation of the four pulmonary veins with confirmation of the entrance and exit block were considered as the criteria of efficiency. Results. When comparing the groups by the number of required application cycles during the procedure needed to achieve the clinical effect and time to the first recurrence in all positions of the electrode, group 2 showed a lower number of applications and shorter time to the first recurrence. Reducing the time to pulmonary vein isolation, the number of relapses and restarting the control time, as well as shortening the time spent on the need to rebuild the electroanatomical map have resulted in a significant decrease in the duration of the radiofrequency ablation procedure. Conclusions. The work has shown that the use of the new protocol is more effective and allows to achieve the criteria of success faster than the traditional technique; the number of the procedure complications was not higher compared to traditional methods. When using the ablation protocol with higher energy, a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation recurrence was recorded.

Introduction This study is a comparative assessment of early and long-term results of two different methods of surgical treatment of hallux extensus. Materials and methods The results of surgical treatment of 22 patients with Hallux extensus at the orthopedic department of the Moscow Yudin City Hospital from 2017 to 2019 were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the tactics of surgical treatment. The main goal of this study is a comparative assessment of the functional results of two surgical techniques. The first group of patients, which included 11 subjects, underwent needle percutaneous tenotomy of the extensor tendon of the big toe, the second group, which also consisted of 11 people, underwent tenodesis of the tendon-muscular part of the short flexor of the big toe according to the proposed by us technique. Results The study results are based on the assessment of subjective patient satisfaction and radiography images, as well as on the ACFAS score. In the group of patients who underwent percutaneous tenotomy of the extensor tendon of the big toe, there was a recurrence of deformity in 4 patients (36 %) and insufficient correction of the deformity in 2 patients (18 %). In the group of patients who underwent tenodesis of the tendon-muscle part of the short flexor of the big toe, 100 % showed good functional results, pain relief and esthetic effect. Good treatment results were observed in 73.3 % of the patients. Conclusions Analysis of the clinical results of surgical treatment showed a high efficacy of tenodesis of the tendon-muscle part of the short flexor of the big toe in comparison with percutaneous tenotomy of the extensor tendon of the big toe. Positive results were achieved in 100 % of cases. No recurrence of deformity was observed. The patients did not complain of pain, and there were no problems with footwear in the postoperative period.

The methods of risk assessment and decision-making in the management of agrotechnology were studied in order to develop a methodical approach to assessing the risks of possible yield losses in case of deviations from the project parameters in the implementation of agrotechnology. The study uses methods of analyzing information from the subject area of risk management in the management of agricultural technology. A registry of possible deviations in the design values of process parameters in the implementation of agricultural technologies has been compiled. A new approach has been developed to assess the risks of possible yield losses in the implementation of agrotechnology with deviations in process parameters from project values. Using the proposed approach will provide an automated ranking of options for decisions on the degree of risk of possible crop failure in case of deviations from the designed values, which will facilitate the transition to intelligent management of crop production.

Рассматривается задача определения текущего положения пневматических исполнительных механизмов. Решение поставленной задачи достигается введением системы технического зрения, позволяющей на основе метода нечеткой кластеризации определять в режиме реального времени координаты центра цветовой метки, установленной на исполнительных механизмах мехатронного комплекса и позицию её смещения. Целью работы является повышение точности распознавания цветовой метки для прецизионного позиционирования исполнительных механизмов мехатронного комплекса и повышение быстродействия дефаззификатора за счет распараллеливания вычислительных процедур в нем. Интеллектуализация процесса распознавания цветового оттенка производится на основе нечёткой кластеризации. Сначала строится нечеткая модель, позволяющая в зависимости от входных параметров интенсивности цвета по каждому из каналов RGB и составляющей цветового тона выделять на изображении заданный цвет. Затем осуществляется бинаризация цветного изображения и подавление шумов. При моделировании нечеткой системы авторами были применены две модели дефаззификации: на основе метода центра тяжести и на основе отношения площадей. Модель, реализованная на основе метода отношения площадей, позволяет убрать зоны нечувствительности, которые присутствуют в модели центра тяжести. Метод на основе отношения площадей определяет принадлежность пикселей к заданному цветовому тону, и после этого расположение цветовой метки в кадре изображения определяется на основе определения центра тяжести распознанных пикселей цветовой метки. В последующем, при перемещении исполнительного механизма в продольном направлении, система технического зрения определяет расположение цветовой метки в новом кадре. Разность положений цветовой метки на исходном и текущем изображениях позволяет определить расстояние смещения цветовой метки. С целью исследования влияния шума на точность распознавания были использованы цифровые фильтры: медианный, Гауссовский, матричный и биноминальный. Анализ точности данных фильтров показал, что лучший результат получен при использовании Гауссовского фильтра. Оценка производилась на основе показателя сигнал-шум. Реализация математической модели распознавания цветовой метки выполнена в среде Matlab/Simulink. Экспериментальные исследования работоспособности системы технического зрения с предложенной нечёткой моделью кластеризации проводились на пневматическом мехатронном комплексе. В ходе экспериментов на корпусе цилиндра закреплялась цветовая метка, после чего цилиндр перемещался по направляющим в продольном направлении. В процессе перемещения выполнялась видеофиксация и распознавание изображений. Для определения точности распознавания цветовой метки рассчитаны коэффициенты PSNR и RMSE, которые составили 38,21 и 3,14 соответственно. Точность определения смещения на основе разработанной модели распознавания цветовых меток достигла 99,7%. Быстродействие дефаззификатора увеличилось до 590 нс.

The relevance of the research is caused by the increasing accumulation of plastic debris in the marine environment, which has raised serious concerns in the scientific community as well as in the general public. Increasing litter concentrations have a growing impact on living organisms, the quality of marine waters and the ecosystem as a whole, often affecting living and health conditions of human beings as well. Taking into account the global water masses circulation, environmental conditions and constantly increasing anthropogenic pressure related to the global warming, the Arctic could potentially serve as a place for the permanent accumulation of plastic waste. Furthermore, the Arctic ecosystem, considered as pristine and fragile environment, could particularly suffer from increasing litter occurrence. The main objectives of this work were the acquisition of new data on the potential accumulation areas of floating marine macro litter (FMML) in the Barents Sea, an initial assessment of the level of pollution by FMML in the Arctic and an analysis of potential sources. Methods. During the survey new methods for FMML monitoring were tested and combined with visual observations, a mobile application was used in order to simplify the harmonized collection of data. The results of this study present the first data on pollution of the eastern part of the Barents Sea by FMML. It was found that the average density corresponds to 3,5 items/ km2. At some transects along the vessel route, numerous significant areas of accumulation of FMML were noted, which was not reported before in the scientific literature. Some practical recommendations were made in the conclusions to reduce the amount of litter entering the marine environment, and the need of regular monitoring studies was highlighted.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common pathology, but it is fact that doctors of various specialties run against difficulties in diagnosinging. The variety of clinical manifestations causes a long period of diagnosis and, late start of treatment. The main symptoms of this pathology are described taking into account the pathogenesis. The most common laboratory markers of hyperparathyroidism are incrising level of parathyroid hormone and hypercalcemia. Imaging examination methods are used to establish primary hyperparathyroidism. Targeted ultrasound examination of the parathyroid glands should be performed in all patients with suspected calcium metabolism disorders.This article presents a clinical case of primary hyperparathyroidism with predominant gastrointestinal symptoms. The patient was twice admitted to the hospital with various clinical manifestations of damage to the gastrointestinal tract. Erosive gastritis, terminal ileitis, chronic pancreatitis, and cholelithiasis were identified. A differential diagnosis was made with small intestine lymphoma and Crohn’s disease. In addition, there were General cerebral symptoms in the form of lethargy, rapid exhaustion. Due to severe electrolyte disorders, the patient was observed in the intensive care unit. Due to the development of mechanical jaundice, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with papillosphincterotomy was performed. Based on hypercalcemia, elevated parathyroid hormone levels, and visualization of parathyroid gland formation, the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism was established based on ultrasound data. An adenomectomy of the left lower parathyroid gland was performed. in the surgical department. The patient was discharged with positive dynamics in the form of improvement in General health, cessation of pain, regress of vomiting, expansion of motor activity. Betimes diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism, on the example of the described case, leads to complete relief of symptoms and improvement of the quality of life of patients.

Актуальність. На сучасному етапі розвитку економіки важливого значення у підвищенні конкурентоспроможності підприємств регіонів набуває пошук сучасних методів та інструментів управління бізнес-процесами, який базується на принципах їх пристосованості до мінливих умов, постійно удосконалюючись через застосування інноваційних технологій в управлінні ними. Надзвичайно швидко на зміни та нові виклики реагують підприємства сфери послуг, яким притаманні значний рівень динамічності, урізноманітнення пропонованих на ринку послуг, гостра конкуренція. Тому інновації трансформуються у вирішальний фактор визначення нових технологій управління бізнес-процесами підприємств сфери послуг регіонів (зокрема, готельно-ресторанний та туристичний бізнес). Мета і методи. Метою дослідження є теоретико-методологічне обґрунтування перспектив використання сучасних новітніх технологій управління бізнес-процесами підприємств готельно-ресторанного та туристичного бізнесу, спрямованих на забезпечення конкурентних переваг на ринку. Використані наукові методи: логічного узагальнення та синтезу, математичні та статистичні, систематизації та групування. Результати. Представлення послідовності комплексного управління бізнес-процесами підприємств готельно-ресторанного та туристичного бізнесу регіонів. Обґрунтування складових системи управління бізнес-процесами підприємств готельно-ресторанного та туристичного бізнесу регіонів та інноваційні інструменти їх забезпечення. Висновки та обговорення. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає в обґрунтуванні закономірностей процесів використання сучасних технологій комплексного управління бізнес-процесами підприємств готельно-ресторанного та туристичного бізнесу регіонів із метою забезпечення їх ефективного функціонування. Практичне значення – можливість застосування комплексної моделі управління бізнес-процесами на підприємствах готельно-ресторанного та туристичного бізнесу регіонів із використанням інноваційних технологій.

The article analyzes entrepreneurship and its technological type. The economic nature of technological entrepreneurship is considered. Its role in the development of the country and the region is shown. In conclusion, conclusions and recommendations are made on the goal of technology entrepreneurship.

Objective – to determine the effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with ventricular premature beats (VPB). Materials and methods. We included 53 cases of treatment of patients with monomorphic VPB. There were no obvious structural diseases of the heart in them. The age of patients ranged from 16 to 57 years, and the median age was 35.3 ± 12.4. Among patients 37 (69.8 %) were women. All patients underwent RFA aiming to remove the arrhythmogenic substrate of VPB. The indication for intervention was symptomatic VPB, refractory to drug treatment. All patients underwent QOL assessment using the SF-36 questionnaire prior to the procedure at 2, 6, and 12 months after it. QOL was also evaluated in 18 healthy subjects (group of comparison). Results. Assessment of QOL was performed according to 8 criteria (scales): physical activity (PA), vital activity (VA), pain (P), general health (GH), viability (V), social activity (SA), the role of emotional problems in life-limiting (EP), mental health (MH). We noted a significant increase in indicators on the scales that are responsible for the physical component of health for 2 months and continued to increase further to the data of the comparison group: FA (before RFA – 70,24 ± 26,10; in 2 months – 80,32 ± 22.02; in 6 months – 88.58 ± 24.84; in 12 months – 87.38 ± 17.07; GP – 88.32 ± 4.51), RF (before RFA – 47.43 ± 38.95; in 2 months – 70.11 ± 28.83; in 6 months – 71.28 ± 29.51; in 12 months – 69.17 ± 24.12; GP – 70.03 ± 16.34). B (before RFA – 68.84 ± 23.91; in 2 months – 67.12 ± 16.37; in 6 months – 69.83 ± 17.63; in 12 months – 69.03 ± 28.58; GP – 71.83 ± 7.35), PZ (before RFA – 61.88 ± 21.48; in 2 months – 66.05 ± 14.03; in 6 months – 68.59 ± 19.27; in 12 months – 70.23 ± 20.3; GP – 69.04 ± 7.48). Scales responsible for the mental component of health began to respond only after 6 months: HR (before RFA – 56.68 ± 34.46; in 2 months – 62.72 ± 17.54; in 6 months – 61.83 ± 20.15; in 12 months – 63.28 ± 18.08; GP – 61.34 ± 8.03), CA (before RFA – 67.31 ± 28.01; in 2 months – 71.37 ± 16.84; in 6 months – 72.54 ± 24.41; in 12 months – 75.54 ± 17.03; GP – 74.35 ± 8.59). PE (before RFA – 58.41 ± 34.08; 2 months – 66.73 ± 27.63; in 6 months – 67.70 ± 34.05; in 12 months – 68.36 ± 15.03; GP – 69.45 ± 18.07), PZ (before RFA – 59.03 ± 19.81, in 2 months – 64.18 ± 19.58; in 6 months – 61.45 ± 25.21; in 12 months – 61.73 ± 16.7; GP – 59.78 ± 5.01). In the period 2–12 months after surgical treatment, a statistically significant increase in FA and RF compared to the original condition was registered. For the remainder of the QOL components positive changes were recorded that had no statistically significant differences compared to the original condition. Conclusions. The QOL indicators that characterize physical health in patients with VPB prior to interventional treatment are significantly lower than those of virtually healthy individuals. In 2 months after successful RFA of the arrhythmogenic focus in patients with VPB, the QOL parameters significantly improved compared to the comparison group. Complete recovery of physical and mental health occurs between 6 and 12 months after the intervention of arrhythmia.

The article presents the clinical features and treatment options for autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia in the context of Fisher-Evans syndrome. Patient P. was admitted to the emergency department by an ambulance team with a direct diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Leading clinical syndromes were hemorrhagic and anemic syndromes. A physical examination also revealed a strip-formed hemorrhagic rash in the area of inguinal folds, the anterior surface of the thighs and lower legs. During the differential diagnostic search, the diagnosis of Fisher-Evans syndrome was established. Initial oral and pulse therapy with prednisone was not effective. The patient received platelet transfusions regularly. When eltrombopag was included in therapy, there was an improvement in the patient’s condition, as well as a tendency to increase the level of platelets. On the 35th day, the patient was discharged from the hospital.We examined various clinical variants of thrombocytopenia, I meet in real clinical practice.

The article analyzes the state of SME exports in Russia. Its regional trend in the number of small and medium-sized enterprises engaged in export activities is shown on the basis of statistical data. In conclusion, conclusions and recommendations on the development of Russian exports in the SME segment are made.

The changes in the physical and microbiological properties of the coprolites of earthworms Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus rubellus were evaluated in laboratory experiments using the arable horizon of migratory-mycelial chernozem. In coprolites the following physical parameters were determined: particle size distribution, specific surface area, calculated by the effective particle diameter; microbiological parameters: the total number of cultured bacteria and the enzymatic kinetics of lipases according to the Michaelis –Menten model with the calculation of the maximum reaction rate (Vm) and Michaelis constant (Km). The model experiment included two stages: the first stage – earthworms of two species were kept together, in the second – separately. The control was the source soil and the soil with litter. Coprolites and the soil in which earthworms lived were analyzed and compared with the control. Two types of earthworms give a non-additive effect on physical and microbiological properties. Depending on the species composition, the nature of the change is different. For the two species contained together a decrease in the specific surface area in coprolites was noted, as well as an increase in the fraction of the fine sand due to the reduction of the fractions of silt, fine and medium dust. For A. caliginosa kept separately it was found, that the specific surface of coprolites increases compared to the control, the silt and fine, medium, coarse dust, fractions rise due to a significant reduction of the fine sand fraction. For L. rubellus coprolites a decrease in the specific surface area, an increase in the fractions of medium, fine sand and coarse dust, due to the reduction of silt, fine and medium dust fractions, are shown. The number of cultured heterotrophic bacteria is higher in coprolites compared to the control. The greatest increase is observed in the variant where two species are kept together. The lipase activity (Vm) of the soil also increases when two species are kept together compared with the control and with A. caliginosa kept separately. Under the influence of L. rubellus the lipase activity decreases. Coprolites differ in all the investigated properties from the control (soil and soil with litter), as well as from the soil where earthworms lived.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Leu-Ile-Lys-Met tetrapeptide on the activity of free radical oxidation (FRO) and the level of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 expression in rat kidney with experimental oxalate nephrolithiasis. Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on 30 male rats Wistar runoff, divided into 3 groups: the comparison group (10 intact rats), the control group (6 weeks of experimental oxalate nephrolithiasis simulation, n = 10), the experimental group (6 weeks of experimental simulation oxalate nephrolithiasis + oral administration of Leu-Ile-Lys-Met tetrapeptide at a dose of 12 mg/kg from the 3rd to the 6th week, n = 10). The oxalate nephrolithiasis was simulated according to conventional ethylene glycol model. COX-1 and COX-2 concentration in rat urine at baseline and after 6 weeks of experimental nephrolithiasis was determined by enzyme immunoassay using the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 and 2 (PTGS 1, 2) kit from «Cloud-Clone Corp.». In rat kidney homogenate, the activity indicators of FRO processes were determined by common methods. Results and discussion. At the background of the Leu-Ile-Lys-Met tetrapeptide, free radical kidney damage was weakened, which was manifested in the complete absence of morphological signs of nephrolithiasis, decrease of thiobarbituric acid-reactive product concentration and overall prooxidant activity as compared to the control group; glutathione peroxidase activity, on the contrary, increased by 1.5 times.

The oil and gas potential of the south-western part of the Siberian platform is related mainly to the Vendian reservoir rocks. One of the most prospective objects are the deposits of Taseeva series, which include clastic deposits of the Moshakov formation. These deposits are widely developed along the periphery of the Baykit anteclise and adjacent territories. Gas deposits were discovered at the Abakan, Imbinskoe and Ilbokichskoye fields in deposits of Taseeva group. The Vendian terrigenous deposits of the Moshakov formation within the Angara folded zone formed in the environment of different zones of the tidal plain. The deposits have a cyclical structure with a regressive orientation of the sedimentary cyclites in the lower part and a regressive-transgressive one in the upper part. The lower parts of the regressive cyclites are represented by silty clay rocks, which are replaced up in the section by more coarse grained ones. The upper parts of the cyclite are built mostly by the sandy variations. Numerous traces of burrowing organisms have been identified in the rocks, in particular, large forms of Skolithos. Regressive-transgressive cychtes have a slightly different structure. Silty argillites occur in the lower part of the cyclite, which are replaced upwards along the section by mixed sulphate-carbonate-clay rocks. In the middle part of the cychte there are thin sandy interbeds. The reservoir rocks are represented by coarse, medium and differently grained sandstones. The clastic part of sandstones is composed of quartz, feldspars and Augments of volcanic and metamorphic rocks. Void space refers to the intergranular type and is also associated with leaching voids in the zones of dissolution of carbonate cement and feldspars. The reservoir rocks are confined to the upper parts of the regressive and middle parts of the regressive-transgressive cychtes formed in the conditions of the sandy covers of the tidal plain. Reservoir properties of rocks are determined not only by their facies but also to a large extent by the intensity and direction of secondary transformations including fracturing.

In article we present particular qualities of disease pattern and methods of treatment in patients with ulcer colitis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis. Course of disease was complicated by bacterial cholangitis, sepsis, multiple organ failure. There are described pathogenetic features of autoimmune livers and bowel illness. It was shown the role of bacterial translocation of microbes. There are described about differential diagnostic of primary and secondary cholangitis. Features of curing the patients are reminded in critical conditions are reviewed in article. There sketched role of glucocorticosteroids in critical care. Modern guidelines for the management the patients with overlap syndrome are highlighted. Patient D. was admitted to hospital in intensive care unit. There disease patterns of collapse, systemic inflammation response syndrome. The examination was established exacerbation of ulcer colitis complicated inflectional morbidity with sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis. This condition led to sepsis and multiple organ failure. Instead of intensive care there was a progressive deterioration until near death experience. Resuscitation procedure within 6 minutes were successful. Multiple areas of necrosis have developed on the limbs because of multiple organ failure and intensive vasopressors therapy. Glucocorticosteroids were prescribed in combination with antibacterial drugs were assigned because of ulcerative colitis’s exacerbation and cytolysis, regardless sepsis. On the thirtieth day of stay in hospital, the patient D. was transferred from the intensive care unit to the gastroenterology department, where the treatment was continued. Because of the cure signs of multiple organ failure, infectious complications, exacerbation of ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis were regressed. We supervise of patient.

The clinical case of implantation of the left ventricular electrode for resynchronization therapy through a puncture of the interventricular septum with fixation in the cavity of the left ventricle is presented. Due to unsuccessful attempts to introduce an electrode for stimulation of the left ventricle at the stage of cannulation of the coronary sinus, this technique is used as an alternative. The necessity of continuous administration of warfarin against the background of the prosthetic mechanical aortic valve provided adequate hypocoagulation and absence of clinical signs of thrombosis during the three-month follow-up period in the postoperative period. The use of a puncture of the interventricular septum for implantation of the left ventricular electrode is a safe and effective alternative in patients with complicated or impossible surgical access to the venous system of the heart.

At present, the issues related to economic growth rate, increase in gross regional product, and expansion of budget revenues of territories are coming to the fore. Export is an important resource for regional economic development. However, despite the fact that exports play a major role in the economy, Russia’s share in foreign economic activity is insignificant (1.8%) and tends to decrease. In absolute values, Russia’s export is ten times lower than that of China and five times lower than that of the U.S. Under the circumstances, it is crucial to determine the priorities of export activity. In this regard, the goal of our study is to determine the priorities and directions in boosting export activity as a necessary aspect of economic growth of territories and development of the national economy. In accordance with the goal of the paper, we consider the evolution of the views on the role of export activity in economic growth and develop a scientifically substantiated methodological approach to assessing the real share of non-resource-based export of Russia’s regions in the total volume of goods shipped abroad. We also develop our own approach to classifying non-resource-based exports, study foreign experience in providing support to export activities, consider Russia’s current infrastructure, and prove that it is necessary to implement governmental policy to provide comprehensive system-wide support to exporter enterprises. This can be done with the help of the system approach; it is also necessary to develop a set of tools and measures to enhance the growth of non-resource-based export at the federal and regional levels. In conclusion, we focus once again on the need to develop methodological aspects of assessing the real share of non-resource-based export of Russia’s regions. At the further stages of the study, we will substantiate and develop a mechanism for managing non-resource-based exports of the regions on the basis of stimulating the development of non-resource-based exports in order to promote economic growth

This article discusses the role of pharmacist in early phase clinical trials. Authors emphasize that in Russian phase I units pharmacists are rarely involved in clinical research activities. Probably the lack of regulatory documentation in this field is one of the main reasons. The opposite situation occurs abroad where pharmacist is key member of investigational team. This problem is particularly relevant because number of phase I studies in Russia steadily increases over the last years. Based on their practical experience authors describe the range of pharmacist functions and responsibilities when working in early phase research. Qualification requirements and skills of such specialist are pointed out as well. Due to the fact that not only number of trials but also number of phase I units increases (including private departments) the value of pharmacist in clinical research will grow.

The article describes clinical features, differential diagnosis and treatment of chronic calculouse pancreatitis (HCP) with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (LC). Considered etiologic role of chronic alcohol intoxication in the development of these diseases. There was long- term use of alcoholic beverages at hepatotoxic doses and smoking in anamnesis. Patient was examined before entering in our clinic. Сhronic heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, paraneoplastic was excluded as the cause of hydrops. Patient R. was hospitalized in the gastroenterology department with ascites of unknown etiology. The severity of the patient’s condition is caused by malabsorption syndrome and hepatocellular insufficiency leading to the development of edema-ascitic syndrome and trophological failure. In patient there was low of proteins (total protein — 38 g / l), low of albumins (14 g / l). In carrying out endoscopy showed signs of portal hypertension: esophageal varices 1 degree, portal gastropathy; In addition, an increase in the size of the papilla of Vater. To clarify the nature of the defeat of the pancreas held endosonography, in which multiple calcifications are found in the pancreas tissue. To resolve biliary hypertension performed stenting of the common bile duct. Drain the pancreatic duct failed due to the presence of calculus in it at the level of the isthmus. Treatment for our patient should be considered the imposition Ru’s operation. This observation demonstrates social importance of problems of combination HCP with a LC, which lead to reduced quality of life, early disability, reduced life expectancy, as well as to an increase in treatment costs.

RETRACTED ARTICLEThe article describes arginase’s role in pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and a number of cardio-vascular diseases. Arginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine, the substrate for nitric oxide synthesis, to L-ornithine and urea. Two isoforms of arginase were found in the human organism. Arginase I is located in the cells cytoplasm and is predominantly expressed in the liver. Arginase II is a mitochondrial protein that is expressed in the kidney, prostatic gland and vascular wall. Arginase II hydrolyzes L-arginine, thereby reducing the synthesis of nitric oxide and leading to the development of endothelial dysfunction and a number of cardio-vascular disorders. Arginase is a promising pharmacological target in the treatment of endothelial dysfunction and a number of cardio-vascular diseases, though the development of highly-selective arginase II inhibitors is still a difficult task.

The paper carries out an ethical analysis of the political mechanisms of just restoration after war conflicts’ ending. The basis of analyses is the Just War Theory’s principles, and its result is the general parameters special, jus post bellum theory. Postwar justice hasn’t received detailed consideration from ancient and medieval philosophers, but in modern era beginning from Kant has drown many thinkers’ attention. In contemporary post war justice conception key research subject is the moral foundations of the compromise between all conflict parties in order to early violence’s cessation. However, despite growing interest in the issue, a whole range of related questions remains unresolved, e.g. who is responsible for postwar justice restoration? what kind of measures should include the process of return to the world? how to justify these actions in accordance with international law, in particular the UN Charter? Proposed in the article system of measures could be one option to these questions.

Aim. To study the antidiarrhoeal activity of montmorillonite-based enterosorbent on the model of serotonin-induced diarrhea.Materials and methods. The study was performed on laboratory mice of both genders, acute diarrhea was induced by intraperitoneal injection of serotonin hydrochloride at a dose of 0.32 mg/kg, enterosorbent as an aqueous suspension was administered orally in a wide range of doses 30 minutes prior to serotonin administration. Within 4 hours, the time of diarrhea onset, the number of defecations, the fluid content in the fecal masses was considered. Morphological examination of the small intestine was carried out. Results. The administration of serotonin led to the development of diarrhea in 100% of animals in 12,8±1,2 minutes, the number of defecations increased 2,5 times compared to intact animals and was 19,5±0,5 times within 4 hours, the fecal masses were predominantly wet and liquid. The use of enterosorbent under the Crim_04 cipher in the maximum dose led to a delay in the development of diarrhea to 73,6±4,1 minutes, a reduction in the number of defecations to 9,4±0,1 and a significant inspissation of stool. The antidiarrhoeal effect of enterosorbent was confirmed morphologically.Conclusions. Montmorillonite-based enterosorbent under the laboratory cipher Crim_04 has a dose-dependent antidiarrhoeal activity in the modeling of serotonin-induced diarrhea.

Macro-re-entrant atrial tachyarrhythmias occupy the leading positions in the structure of tachyarrhythmias, and one of the most common in this group is atrial flutter. These abnormal rhythms lead to a significant decrease in the quality of patients' life, and sometimes, indirectly due to complications, can lead to disability and fatal consequences. Medical treatment for this group of arrhythmias has limited effectiveness, and the surgical method of treatment - catheter ablation - comes to the first place. Ablation of atrial flutter is traditionally performed under the guidance of fluoroscopy without the use of a navigation system, but this is associated with increased radiation exposure to patients and staff. Advances in modern arrhythmology make it possible to create anatomical models of heart chambers and activation models of the excitation spreading along anatomical models, reducing the radiation load, but requiring additional equipment and skills. Aim: to compare the procedure duration and radiation load during radiofrequency catheter ablation of the cavo-tricuspid isthmus using 3D navigation with traditional methods. Materials and methods. The work was based on the analysis of treatment results in 84 patients at National M. Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery affiliated to National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine in the period from 2014 to 2021. Depending on the imaging method, patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I included 31 patients who underwent radiofrequency cavo-tricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation according to the traditional method under fluoroscopic control without using a navigation system. Group II comprised 27 patients in whom an anatomical model of the right atrium was created. Results. Success criteria were achieved in all groups, bidirectional block line was created at the level of the CTI. In group I, the average time from the first application to the restoration of sinus rhythm was 325 ± 25 s with an average number of applications of 7.4 ± 0.6 (from 5 to 10). The average procedure time was 43.0 ± 3.3 min, with an average X-ray time of 572 ± 44 s and an average dose area product (DAP) was 62.0 ± 5.0 Gy.cm². In group II, the total duration of the first stage of the intervention was 312 ± 26 s. The average time to stopping tachycardia and restoring sinus rhythm was 230 ± 19 s. The average time from sinus rhythm restoration to confirmation of bidirectional CTI block was 71 ± 6 s with an average number of applications of 3.2 ± 3.0 per the procedure. The average procedure time was 41.5 ± 3.5 min, the average X-ray time was 120 ± 10 s, the average DAP was 15.0 ± 1.3 Gy.cm². Conclusions. The usage of the anatomical model of the right atrium reduces X-ray exposure by 75.8 %, in comparison to the traditional technique, during radiofrequency catheter ablation of the cavo-tricuspid isthmus with similar procedure time. The anatomical model can be recommended for ablation of the cavo-tricuspid isthmus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the study is to found out the most effective drilling method in hard rocks and perspective directions of future researches. The methods used in the study are the analysis and generalization of theoretical and experimental results. The results. The research proves the perceptivity of hydrodynamic methods of rock destruction. The authors developed the classification of hydrodynamic rock destruction methods based on the character of impact on the bottom hole. In accordance with the developed classification, all hydrodynamic methods are divided into 3 groups: erosive, abrasive and combined cutting. The analysis of hydrodynamic methods revealed that jetting-abrasive method provided by pellet impact drilling is the most effective while drilling hard rocks. This method is realized by implementation of ejector that realizes continuous circulation of pellets in bottom hole zone up to their full deterioration. The authors analyzed the operation mode of pellet impact drill bit, as well as theoretical and experimental researches. The pellet impact drilling advantages and disadvantages that limit its implementation were determined. As a result, the study provided a new trend for current researches, namely: perfection of pellet impact drill bit construction, search for drilling rate increase and reduction of energy for rock destruction on the bottom hole, development of technical means for pellet impact drilling with increasing bit run speed, development of well flushing-out program, research of drilling fluid influence for effectiveness of this method of drilling, study of slime grain size.

The aim – to evaluate the safety of mononuclear cord blood stem cells transplantation regarding influence upon heart rhythm in patients with refractory heart failure Materials and methods. The work is based on the analysis of Holter-ECG monitoring data in 20 patients with refractory heart failure and reduced myocardial contractility. With the purpose of improvement of systolic function patients underwent transplantation of mononuclear cord blood stem cells. Results. Analysis of the probable proarrhythmogenic influence of mononuclear cord blood stem cells was performed in terms of follow-up during up to 9 months. Results demonstrated that administration of the cell preparation «Cryopreserved human cord blood» is not associated with increased risk of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Conclusions.Transplantation of mononuclear cord blood stem cells should not be considered as an additional arrhythmogenic risk factor in patients with refractory heart failure.

The article objective is to review the basic design parameters of space capsule (SC) to select a rational shape at the early stages of design.The choice is based on the design parameters such as a volume filling factor (volumetric efficiency of shape), aerodynamic coefficients, margin of stability, and centering characteristics.The aerodynamic coefficients are calculated by a numerical method based on approximate Newton's theory. A proposed engineering technique uses this theory to calculate aerodynamic characteristics of the capsule shapes. The gist of the technique is in using a developed programme to generate capsule shapes and provide numerical calculation of aerodynamic characteristics. The accuracy of the calculation, performed according to proposed technique, tends to the results obtained by analytical integral dependencies according to the Newtonian technique.When considering the stability of the capsule shapes the paper gives a diagram of the aerodynamic forces acting on the SC in the descent phase, and using the aerodynamically-shaped SC "Soyuz" as an example analyses a dangerous moment of flow at adverse angles of attack.After determining a design center-of-mass position to meet the stability requirements it is necessary at the early stage, before starting the SC layout work, to evaluate the complexity of bringing the center-of-mass to the specified point. In this regard have been considered such design parameters of the shape as a volume-centering and surface-centering coefficients.Next, using the above engineering technique are calculated aerodynamic characteristics of capsule shapes similar to the well-known SC "Soyuz", "Zarya 2" and the command module "Apollo".All calculated design parameters are summarized in the table. Currently, among the works cited in foreign publications concerning the contours of winged configuration of the type "Space Shuttle" some papers are close to the proposed technique.Application of the proposed engineering technique allows a multi-fold increasing rate of the capsule shape analysis at an early designing stage. Reviewed design parameters can be further considered as the optimality criteria when choosing the SC shape, and the engineering technique can be further extended to a full-fledged programme on the numerical selection of the optimal aerodynamic solutions with continuously transferred results for engineering development of the SC.

The present article is devoted to questions of formation of consciousness of decision-making persons, and consciousness roles at management of innovative development which is considered as a necessary condition of steady growth, especially in the conditions of the current crisis. Ensuring development of Russia as social and economic system, demands wide use of technical, organizational and administrative, and social innovations that can’t be reached without distribution of innovative consciousness. The consciousness determines character of decisions on an exit from a crisis situation, in particular by overcoming “a raw damnation”. Innovative consciousness allows to identify challenges adequately and to realize effective system of actions on the basis of the systematized threats. In these circumstances the consciousness becomes economic factor, one of the most important drivers of growth. Using the system and systemic-functional analysis, as well as the theory of crisis management, the author reveals a role of innovative consciousness in overcoming crisis situations, and also the factors defining formation of innovative consciousness in Russia. In this article the model according to which any consciousness, including innovative, is defined by cumulative influence of ideology, outlook, the social and economic stimulation given to the system corresponding to national model of management is offered. It is shown that in Russia, distribution of innovative consciousness as dominating for the persons making the decision can be reached at correction of the most mobile factors forming consciousness, ideologies, and socio-economic stimulation. Results of the work are intended for federal and regional authorities of Russia, managing directors of innovation development of economics.

The analysis of properties of the internal tangential azeotrope that leads to biazeotropy as a result of the bifurcation was carried. Internal tangential azeotrope has a number of specific properties, some of which is identical to usual binary azeotropes, and the other part of properties has certain characteristics peculiar only to this type of singular points. There was considered the evolution of binary zeotropic mixture to binary biazeotropic mixture in two ways: through the formation of boundary tangential azeotropes and through the formation of internal tangential azeotropes (ITA). As the mathematical model for description of basic properties of ITA van der Waals equation was used. To describe additional properties the analysis of ITA in terms of excess thermodynamic functions was carried.

The task of unified maps generation for various type locomotive safety and control devices proves to be an extremely crucial one. Its solution will lead to better traffic safety conditions and lesser electronic maps preparation costs. Railway infrastructure spatial data system (KSPD IZhT), containing coordinates of all the track objects in a high-precision coordinate system as obtained through processing of the mobile laser scanning outcomes, opens up new map generation opportunities. Information represents the total of track objects’ reflection points coordinated in three-dimentional space, evaluated within the sub-centimeter accuracy and annotated with photos, thus allowing to identify all the railway objects significant in the context of railway traffic safety provisions. The paper describes semi-automatic data origination process supporting electronic map montages generation procedure of operating domains. The presented automated generation procedures of unified electronic maps intended for various-type locomotive safety devices contribute to better productivity and unambiguity, elimination of subjective factor and consolidation of information updating process.

They researched endothelioprotective and cardioprotective activity of arginase II selective inhibitor (substance code ZB49-0010C) in model of L-NAME-induced deficit of nitric oxide. The results of studies of arginase II selective inhibitor (substance code ZB49-0010C) show the presence dose-dependent endothelioprotective and cardioprotective activity, the severity of which sincreases with increasing dose.

The efficient electroluminescence in the region of band-to-band (1,1 eV) and dislocationrelated (D1 – 0,8 eV) transitions has been detected from Si p-n structures at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. It was found that dislocation-related luminescence in Si single crystals is considerably stronger than the intrinsic band-to-band emission in the wide temperature range of 4,2–300 K. The temperature dependent measurement of the D1 photoluminescence intensity shows that two energy levels placed below the conduction (0,04 eV) and above valence (0,32 eV) bands are responsible for this radiative recombination on dislocations.

Polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films were grown on molybdenum-coated soda-lime glass substrates by co-evaporation of the elements Cu, In, Ga and Se from independent sources. The effect of electron irradiation on the electrical and optical properties of CIGS thin films and solar cells with the structure ZnO:Al/i-ZnO/CdS/CIGS/Mo/glass was studied. It was found that the degradation of the electrical parameters of solar cells (open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and efficiency) took place due to the formation of radiation defects (recombination centers) with deep energy levels in the bandgap of CIGS. It was revealed that after electron irradiation intensity of near band-edge luminescence band at about 1,1 eV decreased considerably and bands of luminescence with maxima at 0,93 and 0,75 eV appeared.

Regional innovation policy is aimed at the formation and development of innovative subsystem of the regional economy and at the maintenance of a sustainable regional economy’s growth. Having undeniable advantage in innovative projects implementation, small- and medium-scale enterprises is the most attractive in the process, which is confirmed by the statistical data on the effectiveness of innovative development of the Chelyabinsk region, given in the article.The article focuses on the problems faced by regional entrepreneurship in the implementation of innovative policies along with its progress.Within the economy development strategy and with regard to the problems, the article considers the existing. The article is based on the research results, carried out at the expense of budget funds on the Financial University’s state task in 2014.infrastructure of innovation activities support of small- and medium-scale enterprises in Chelyabinsk region, their place and role in the improvement of the innovation process management. It is noted that the infrastructure requires an appropriate management system, which is of particular importance in today’s economy.The article offers the organizational-economic model as an optional system of innovative development management of small- and medium-scale enterprises. In accordance with the assistance program, the model formation is based on the three phases, and structurally the model consists of two subsystems: the controlling one and the manageable one. The article considers the model structure in detail and its role in the development of the innovation system of the Chelyabinsk region.

The objective of this article is to assess the prospects for an increasingly maneuverable reentry vehicle (RV) of class "lifting body". In this regard, a project aerodynamic thermal and ballistic analysis has been conducted and the results have been compared with some well-known projects of the RV of the same class, made both in our country and abroad.The project analysis begins with finding a position of the "lifting body" vehicle in the classification system. Said classification distribution allows correct formulation of requirements for the conceptual structure of an aerospace vehicle at the initial stage of design in terms of system positions, since just the initial phase of the design often determines the success of the whole program.Then the paper compares design characteristics of the RV of class "lifting body" with vehicles such as X-15 rocket plane, the orbiter "Space Shuttle», M2-F2, HL-10, SV-5, and NASP "Hermes". It also gives a comparative estimate of the "lifting body" RV mass in a wide range of dimensions. The paper shows the sustainability of various landing complexes with reference to the Russian experience in developing the RV " Soyuz", and the conditions for using the vehicles of class "lifting body" in space programs.The aerodynamic analysis uses method for the approximate Newtonian theory to calculate aerodynamic characteristics of the perspective RV of class "lifting body" in the hypersonic descent phase. To obtain the desired aerodynamic performance and reduce balancing weight is contemplated a possibility to provide balance by introducing additional boards. The ballistic analysis considers four modes of descent:1. zero roll descent;2. maximum cross-range descent without restriction;3. maximum cross-range descent with restriction of maximum overload and maximum temperature;4. ballistic descent.To calculate the RV ballistic characteristics a system of equations of the vehicle motion in the atmosphere is used. The vehicle was considered as a material point. The roll angle was used as a control parameter. The assigned task was an optimal control. To solve the problem of optimal control was used a method of sequential linearization.The paper presents estimates of temperature for different modes of descent in characteristic points of the RV surface.From the analysis it is clear that the promising RV form of class "lifting body" is a good alternative to the landers of "glide descent", especially for the reentry from lunar and Martian missions. Also a significant increase in cross-range (up to 1500 km, in contrast to the RV "Soyuz" with the cross-range of up to 150 km) allows a virtually infinitely expanding corridor to reentry into atmosphere, thereby making landing possible in almost any point of the European part of the Russian Federation.

The article objective is to review the basic design parameters of space capsule (SC) to select a rational shape at the early stages of design.The choice is based on the design parameters such as a volume filling factor (volumetric efficiency of shape), aerodynamic coefficients, margin of stability, and centering characteristics.The aerodynamic coefficients are calculated by a numerical method based on approximate Newton's theory. A proposed engineering technique uses this theory to calculate aerodynamic characteristics of the capsule shapes. The gist of the technique is in using a developed programme to generate capsule shapes and provide numerical calculation of aerodynamic characteristics. The accuracy of the calculation, performed according to proposed technique, tends to the results obtained by analytical integral dependencies according to the Newtonian technique.When considering the stability of the capsule shapes the paper gives a diagram of the aerodynamic forces acting on the SC in the descent phase, and using the aerodynamically-shaped SC "Soyuz" as an example analyses a dangerous moment of flow at adverse angles of attack.After determining a design center-of-mass position to meet the stability requirements it is necessary at the early stage, before starting the SC layout work, to evaluate the complexity of bringing the center-of-mass to the specified point. In this regard have been considered such design parameters of the shape as a volume-centering and surface-centering coefficients.Next, using the above engineering technique are calculated aerodynamic characteristics of capsule shapes similar to the well-known SC "Soyuz", "Zarya 2" and the command module "Apollo".All calculated design parameters are summarized in the table. Currently, among the works cited in foreign publications concerning the contours of winged configuration of the type "Space Shuttle" some papers are close to the proposed technique.Application of the proposed engineering technique allows a multi-fold increasing rate of the capsule shape analysis at an early designing stage. Reviewed design parameters can be further considered as the optimality criteria when choosing the SC shape, and the engineering technique can be further extended to a full-fledged programme on the numerical selection of the optimal aerodynamic solutions with continuously transferred results for engineering development of the SC.

The possibility of constructing the extended model of linguistic profile of foreign medical students in preparation for teaching. Examples from the collection of the developed control tasks and tests on anatomy, including polilingvalnye tests, professional terms in Russian, Latin and English, and the opportunity to use their native language learner.

Treatment of hepatitis C is one of the most acute international healthcare problems. High standard in management of patients with HCV virus is combined therapy with pegylated interferon-a plus ribavirin. A necessity to develop new medications and to improve current treatment regiments is determined by high social and economic significance of this disease. Safety and tolerance assessment in healthy volunteers, definition of maximum tolerated dose are conducted in first phase clinical trial of original, Russian medication - pegylated interferon-a, named Algeron (INN - Cepeginterferon alfa-2b). Step by step dose escalation of Algeron in groups of several healthy volunteers was applied in this trial. Results of this trial demonstrated, that safety profile of Algeron has no significant differences with safety profiles of analogical pegylated interferon-a medications. Thus Algeron can be recommended for the second phase clinical trials.

This review is about analysis of data possible role of the infectious factor in development open-angle glaucoma. The obstruction of ways of outflow s an important role in increase of intraocular pressure. The reason can be various infectious agents, including Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and B.fragilis. There were separate publications during last years, which are devoted to studying a role of proinflammatory cytotoxicants, they show the role of the inflammatory factor in pathogenesis of glaucomatical process. In the literary data we can see role of infections which are show communication between ontamination of bacteriumНelicobacter pylori and glaucoma development. There is data that patients with open-angle glaucoma in 63% have high level of shooting galleries of antibodies IgG in blood to C. pneumoniae. It is connected with infringement of optic disc food as a result of influence C. pneumoniae on its vascular system.

In this paper the dynamic elasticity problem of the simultaneous normal and tangential impact on the half-space is solved. This problem simulates the oblique incidence of meteorite on the Earths surface. The surface Rayleigh wave is investigated. The resulting solution is used as an external effect on the high-rise building, located at some distance from the spot of falling for the safety and stability assessment of its structure. Numerical experiments were made based on the finite element software package STARK ES. Upper floors amplitudes of the selected object were calculated under such dynamic effects. Also a systematic comparison with the results at the foundation vibrations, relevant to standard a 8-point earthquake accelerograms, was made.