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In this paper geoenvironmental problems of the historical cities of Central Asia are considered, climatic, geotechnical, hydrogeological characteristics of the studied objects, their constructive decision and the analysis of deformations of elevated and underground construction designs are provided. Main reasons for deformations of monuments of architecture of Central Asia: uneven rainfall of soil of the basis in the most overloaded sites of designs of the building; seismic influences; violation of temperature moisture conditions and moisture; anthropogenous influence (especially notable in the historical cities of Samarkand and Bukhara where monuments of architecture are influenced by vibrations from traffic). In the paper the offered observation method of monuments of architecture of Central Asia and results of observation of the mausoleum Arystan-Bab and a mosque and minaret Kalon for 2014 is described.