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The article discusses the methods of substitution of a compound motor load as a consumer of higher harmonics. Two substitution schemes were used. The calculation of the complex resistance against them was compared with the results of simulation modeling. The simulation was carried out in the MATLAB Simulink environment, with the use of the Specialized Power Systems library, in which a simulation model with motors and a source of harmonic distortion was developed. Five asynchronous motors with a squirrel-cage rotor of the AIR brand with powers varying from 0.75 to 5.50 kW were selected for the study. The simulation was carried out at different motor loads. The shaft torque varied with values of 50; 70; 90 and 100 % of the nominal values of each motor. A six-pulse diode rectifier was used as a source of harmonic currents in the network, generating harmonics with numbers 5, 7, ..., 25, corresponding to a pulse rate equal to six. Oscillograms of currents and voltages were recorded at the point of common connection of asynchronous motors and the rectifier, which were subsequently used to calculate the complex resistance. Based on the results of the work, amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics of the impedance of a composite motor load were obtained, the analysis of which revealed the incongruence of calculation methods with simulation modeling. Conclusions have been drawn on the need to continue research in this direction, since there are qualitative discrepancies in the functional dependence of the complex resistance on the harmonic number with the experimental data obtained for a single asynchronous motor. The results of the work can be used in calculating the voltage distortion factor and modeling modes associated with higher harmonics both at existing enterprises and during their design, which will increase the reliability and efficiency of electrical networks.

Recovery after traumatic plexitis is a complex and lengthy process that requires rehabilitation measures involving the use of both conventional methods, such as drug therapy, therapeutic exercise, physical therapy, and psychological counseling, and innovative technologies, such as EXAR 34 passive upper limb exoskeleton.

This article is devoted to research and technology agreements in Norway, and their positive impact on the development of relations with foreign oil and gas companies during the period of formation of the Norwegian oil and gas industry. Based on archival documents, the article considers Norway’s experience of conclusion of research and technology agreements for transferring the latest technologies of exploration and oil and gas production to national oil and gas companies in the process of developing the country’s oil and gas industry. The author concludes that Norway made significant scientific and technological progress through promoting active cooperation with foreign companies. Norway’s successful experience could be applied by Russian state authorities in order to develop relations with foreign oil companies. These companies could take part in offshore exploration in the Russian sector of the Barents Sea through concluding similar agreements between Russian state institutions, and foreign oil and gas companies, which would give an impetus to the development of the technological component of Russia’s oil and gas sector. Research and technology agreements have been used by Norwegians with the aim of diversification of the economy and prevention of excessive dependence on the energy sector, which is one of the major challenges faced by Russia.

The article assesses the efficiency of the state’s system of education through a wide variety of objective factors (the state and availability of infrastructure, budget, training and retraining, etc.) and subjective (psychosocial) assessments and visions of the education system (satisfaction with one’s own level of education, field of education and the attitude to it).

The article is devoted to studying the possibility of using the WaveLetNN artificial neural network to analyze the results of remote phytosanitary monitoring of early detection of plants in potato plantings affected by late blight. Various methods for analyzing the spectral characteristics of plant reflection are considered, including the classification method. To detect plants infected with late blight, the WaveLetNN neural network analyzes the light reflective characteristics of potato plants obtained as a result of research (in the range of 300–1100 nm) and calculates the cognitive significance index (CSI = 0...10), which characterizes the intensity of biochemical processes inside plants aimed at countering phytopathogenic microflora. It was found that a significant increase in the CSI index signals infection of plants by phytopathogenic microflora and activation of protective biochemical processes on the part of plants. To reliably indicate infected plants, the WaveLetNN neural network underwent test training on a large number of light reflectance spectra of uninfected plants and plants artificially infected with late blight. The spectral reflectance characteristics of infected and uninfected plants were measured during 3, 4, 7 and 8 days after infection. Processing the obtained spectra using the WaveLetNN neural network made it possible to identify significant differences between the second- and third-order spectral characteristics of uninfected and late blight infected plants on the third day after infection. Moreover, for infected plants the CSI index values were 6.1...6.7, and CSI for healthy plants – 1.9...2.5. The Wave-LetNN neural network eliminates the influence on the light reflectance spectra of the spatial arrangement of plant leaves, unevenness of the soil surface and shading of individual sections of the field, normalizing the spectra to the total intensity of light reflected from the leaves. Thus, the WaveLetNN neural network can be used as the software core of online systems for remote phytosanitary monitoring of potato plants.

The article discusses the activities of various levels of government structures (city council, gubernatorial, district and regional executive and party bodies) in managing EkaterinburgSverdlovsk during the NEP years. It is established that during this period, the central government was faced with a choice between centralism or decentralization in local governance and the delineation of powers between councils and different levels of regional government. It is noted that in practice, a multilevel system of city management was formed, which had both positive and negative aspects. It is shown that on the one hand, in conditions of weak city authority and a shortage of city budget, the intervention of regional authorities in urban issues and financial injections from their side allowed for the successful resolution of acute urban economic issues. On the other hand, such a system of power significantly limited the authority of the city council, pushing it to other government structures. As a result, the author concludes that the city council was not a full-fledged, independent administrative unit, and its competence in managing the city was significantly limited. This situation is explained by the fact that the main decisions regarding the directions of city development were made by regional authorities, which did not always positively affect the effectiveness of urban management.

Introduction. Flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) with laser lithotripsy is the «gold standard» for minimally invasive treatment in patients with kidney stones less than 20 mm. Currently, there are no objective data on the efficacy and safety of bilateral interventions.Objective. To study the results of bilateral flexible URS (B-fURS) versus unilateral flexible URS (U-fURS).Materials & methods. Eighty patients prospectively enrolled in the study from July 2022 to December 2022 and was divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n = 40) underwent U-fURS and Group 2 (n = 40) underwent B-fURS. A single stone up to 20 mm or multiple small calyx stones was an indication for the operation. The baseline values were comparable between the groups, but in the B-fURS group a 39.0% higher incidence (p > 0.002) of multiple stones and a 28.0% higher incidence (p > 0.001) of stones in the lower pole. Previous interventions were also more frequent in Group 1 (B-fURS) patients.Results. Stone-free rate did not differ (p > 0.9) between the groups and was 95.0% and 97.5%, respectively. No serious complications (p > 0.9) of Clavien III–V were observed in both groups.Conclusion. Bilateral flexible ureteroscopy is a safe and effective option for patients with bilateral kidney stones, allowing removal of stones in one anesthesia on both sides.

Introduction. In the context of a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), research on the peculiarities of the formation of an immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients who have been ill and vaccinated is of particular relevance. However, most studies are currently devoted to evaluating only the humoral link of immunity, and its cellular component remains insufficiently studied.The aim of the study was to evaluate the features of the formation and changes of the T-cell link of immunity in patients with a new coronavirus infection and vaccinated against this disease.Materials and methods. The study was performed on the basis of the clinical and diagnostic laboratory of the European Medical Center “UMMC-Health “LLC. Specific T-cell immunity was evaluated using ELISPOT technology. In the course of the study, 72 blood samples of employees of medical organizations were analyzed, including 26 from those who had a new coronavirus infection, 23 from persons who were intact according to COVID-19 before vaccination and 23 from the same employees after vaccination («Gam-CovidVac»).In addition, each of the study participants was examined to determine specific class G antibodies (IgG) by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using SARS-CoV-2-IgG-ELISA-BEST test systems (manufactured by VECTOR-BEST JSC).Results and discussion. In the group of patients (26 people), T-lymphocytes capable of specifically reacting to SARSCoV-2 antigens were detected in 100% of cases, even in individuals with IgG elimination. It should be noted that the response was more pronounced when meeting with M-and N-pepdids, compared with S-protein.22 out of 23 COVID-19 intact individuals had no T-cell immunity to coronavirus infection before vaccination, but one employee had a response to 3 proteins-M, N, S, which indicates that he had previously encountered the SARS-CoV-2 virus. After vaccination with the drug “Gam-Covid-Vac”, 22 (95.6%) employees revealed a T-cell response, while 21-only to S-protein, and an employee with a previously detected immune response-after vaccination, the response to M -, Nproteins remained almost at the same level, and the cellular response to S-peptide doubled.Conclusion. Thus, based on the results of the study, important materials were obtained on the peculiarities of the formation of a specific T-cell immune response to a new coronavirus infection. The obtained data provide a broader understanding of the immune response in new coronavirus infection in patients who have been ill and vaccinated and can be used in the future when planning preventive and antiepidemic measures.

COVID-19, an infection caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is associated with a number of pathophysiological mechanisms, mobilizing a wide spectrum of biomolecules, mainly, cytokines.The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels of multiple cytokines in blood plasma from the patients with COVID-19 during acute phase of the disease, and upon complete recovery. Samples of peripheral blood plasma of 56 patients with COVID-19, 69 convalescents and 10 healthy individuals were examined. Concentrations of 46 molecules, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-12 (p40), IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A/CTLA8, IL-17-E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-22, IL-27, IFNα2, IFNγ, TNFα, TNFβ/ Lymphotoxin-α (LTA), CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β, CCL7/MCP-3, CCL11/Eotaxin, CCL22/MDC, CXCL1/GROα, CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10, CX3CL1/Fractalkine, IL-1ra, IL-10, EGF, FGF-2/FGF-basic, Flt3 Ligand, G-CSF, M-CSF, GM-CSF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/ BB, TGF-α, VEGF-A were measured via xMAP multiplexing technology. Significantly increased levels of 18 cytokines were found in blood plasma from COVID-19 patients during acute phase of the disease (as compared to control group), i.e., IL-6, IL-7, IL-15, IL-27, TNFα, TNFβ/Lymphotoxin-α (LTA), CCL2/MCP-1, CCL7/MCP-3, CXCL1/GROα, CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL10/IP-10, CXCL9/MIG, IL-1rа, IL-10, M-CSF, GM-CSF, VEGF-A. We found a significant decrease of nearly all the mentioned cytokines in recovered patients, in comparison with those who had moderate, severe/extremely severe disease. Moreover, we revealed a significantly decreased level of 8 cytokines in plasma from convalescents, as compared with control group, i.e., IL-1α, IL-2, IL-9, IL-12 p40, IL-18, CCL22/MDC, Flt3 Ligand, TGF-α. Immune response caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection involves multiple cytokines, mostly, with pro-inflammatory effects. We have shown for the first time that the convalescence phase is characterized by significantly lower levels of cytokines which regulate cellular differentiation and hematopoiesis (in particular, lymphocytes, T-cells and NK-cells). Over acute phase of the disease, the levels of these cytokines did not change. We revealed a significant decrease of most plasma cytokines upon recovery as compared to acute phase. On the contrary, acute phase of the disease is accompanied by significant increase of both pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in blood plasma.

One current trend for providing delay-tolerant communications under highly-dynamic routing conditions is to form ad hoc OppNets with the exploitation of smart mobile devices carried by people. Modern smartphones hide a great potential for emergency monitoring and management: they are truly pervasive, they can establish peer-to-peer wireless links using short-range communication technologies, thus guaranteeing coverage even when fixed infrastructures are unavailable, they can define the location with high accuracy through several embedded sensors and send messages without global connectivity. The paper examines the possibility of creating a mobile ad hoc network based on smartphones running the iOS 10 operating system and higher in emergencies, providing that each smartphone is equipped with transmitters for working with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, and GLONASS interfaces. To solve this problem, a transparent automatic system for selecting alternative communication channels is organized with the possibility of localizing neighboring reachable nodes to broadcast coordinates to them with further reporting the available information to the appropriate special (rescue) services. The article describes the mechanism of nodes' interaction based on the Multipeer Connectivity framework. With this framework and the Bonjour software module, giving a protocol for automatic detection of services, an emergency informing system has been developed. This system provides the ability to deploy ad hoc network without directly accessing the global network of each of its participants, to localize the emergency zone, and to send an SOS- message to all connected peers. If there were no peers in the current session, the broadcast is pushed back in time until any peer is connected to this session.

The influence of hydration of the components of combustion (air-oxidizer and – in some cases – fuel) including hydration in the conditions of substitution of natural gas by alternative gas fuels, viz. by coke blast furnace mixture and natural blast furnace mixture – on energy efficiency of the use of different fuels has been determined. Calculations of fuel saving for substitution of natural gas (NG) by wet process gas (blast furnace gas (BFG), coke gas (CG), their mixtures) were performed taking into account real technological parameters (on the example of a specific metallurgical plant). All the calculations were performed within the framework of the author’s methodology on fuel substitution grounded on the 1st and the 2nd laws of thermodynamics. The analysis of possibility for saving or overspending NG is performed in the conditions of preservation of the flow of the used total enthalpy (as the main requirement of the methodology that had been proposed) and of taking into account the corresponding efficiency of fuel use. The calculation of the required heat flow of natural gas combustion depending on the content of wet blast furnace gas in NG + BFG mixtures for the cases of NG substitution by process gases has been carried out. It is established that the presence of moisture in the fuel-oxidation mixture always reduces the efficiency of the combustion chamber or the energy process and the unit. In order to increase the efficiency of a high-temperature furnace (boiler), it is necessary to provide heating of combustion components when utilizing the heat of the outgoing combustion products. It is shown that the efficiency of the fuel-using system can be significantly increased when the potential (excess total enthalpy) of the working fluid (combustion products) is activated. There are additiоnal benefits due to the fact that the existing heat of products of combustion with humid air in a full range of temperatures – from the theoretical combustion temperature to ambient temperature under conditions of equilibrium, including account of the heat of condensation – increases with increasing moisture content of the initial components of combustion, viz. air-oxidizer and/or fuel gas.

Subject matter: means of information support for the negotiation process on the organization of cooperative production of aircraft. Goal: an outline of the process of developing effective means of information support for negotiations on cooperative production, which will provide financial savings, firstly, by reducing the negotiation time, and secondly, is reducing the likelihood of making irrational decisions that can lead to additional costs during project implementation. Tasks: Increase the efficiency of the negotiation process on the organization of cooperative production by creating a problem-oriented methodological basis, and on this basis - software tools for the development, deployment and operation of the appropriate decision support system. Methods: system analysis and set theory, for the formal presentation of relevant information about the subject area "Negotiations on cooperative aircraft production"; ontological engineering, in particular the IDEF5 standard, as well as elements of expert systems technology, for building an ontological decision support system. Results: an aggregate of methodological tools for the synthesis of ontological decision support systems was developed during negotiations on the organization of cooperative production of aircraft, a scenario example of organizing an ontological dialogue in the environment of an ontological decision support system for defining an aircraft model as an object of cooperative production was given. Conclusions: the need to supplement the mathematical support of traditional negotiation support systems with special methodological means is shown to increase the efficiency of information support for the negotiation process on organizing cooperative production in aircraft construction; it is substantiated that for the program implementation of the system of information support for negotiations on the organization, it is advisable to use the ontological approach; the architecture of the intellectual core of the ontological decision support system for organizing the negotiation process for organizing the cooperative production of aircraft in the form of a hierarchy of frames, with the organization of knowledge-based inference by means of attached procedures is proposed; a scenario example of the formation of a decision on the choice of an aircraft model for the organization of cooperative production in the environment of an ontological decision support system is given.

Introduction. Noise-proof coding is used in many communication systems to provide an acceptable level of performance. A particular feature of its use is the inclusion of redundant characters in a coded packet. It demands more transfer time and essentially better throughput of the channel than in the case of an uncoded packet transferring. A promising development is a software change in the configuration of radio communication system and the development of communication protocols. This is done to ensure the maximum load factor of the channel while ensuring an acceptable level of performance. Objective. To improve radio system performance by updating communication protocols, in order to solve the problem of ensuring maximum channel load during signal formation and reception. Materials and methods. The paper describes the structure of the protocol developed by the authors. It is applicable in software to control ionospheric radio communication system transceiver modules. The software was developed in LabView (VHDL language) cross-platform software environment and was studied by means of a radio interface simulation model. Results. The study examined the corrective ability of codes in the case of a supplementary Gaussian channel with binary phase modulation (OFDM-modulation, 2PSK and 4PSK absolute phase manipulation) in the selection of an energy-efficient approach to the design of ionospheric radio communication system. The study developed the structure and the functional description of the protocol used in the software for the simulation model of software-configurable radio channel. The software operation can be carried out in Windows 7 and in later versions with bit depth x32/x64 under the MS VisualC++package. It was shown that the software thus developed can use the hardware and software controls of the transceiver module. SunSDR2 transceiver and antenna amplifier were included in the module. Conclusion. The results obtained allow for the replacement of separately adjusted radio receivers and transceivers built on a complex super-heterodyne scheme. A limited number of hardware units operate under the control of the developed software. Further studies will be carried out to assess the passage of OFDM signals through multipath communication channels with Rician and Rayleigh fadings. The resulting model will allow for the assessment of noise immunity at different lengths of the cyclic prefix OFDM symbol and for observation of signal constellation behaviour under the influence of various instabilities.

The economic interests of business entities in agriculture are constantly being transformed, becoming more complicated when external and internal factors and conditions change. It predetermines the urgency of their additional identification and classification. The duality of interests of various business agricultural entities is noted depending on their role in this or that social group. The duality of interests is determined not only by property relations, but also by the level of corporate social responsibility of agricultural organizations, the expectations of the local community, the place of permanent residence of direct participants of agricultural production. The system of classification of features of economic interests is supplemented by the signs allowing taking into account the sphere of employment and sources of the main income of stakeholders, their place of residence, expectations from participation in agricultural production. Economic interests are grouped for the main groups of interest: employees of the organization, management personnel of the organization, owners of land/capital, the state in the person of government bodies, society - their inconsistency is found out. Macroeconomic results of the violation of the parity of interests of the main stakeholders in agriculture are the hidden employment of some rural residents, the removal of a part of the gross added value from the legal turnover. The resolution of contradictions depends on the policy of intraeconomic relations carried out by the heads of agricultural enterprises (owners). In general, managers of agricultural enterprises are not only intermediaries in the organizational process of relations of economic interests carriers, but also by their active participants. The main conditions for more fully satisfying the personal, collective and public interests of the main stakeholders are identified in the article: attracting and retaining highly skilled workers, matching the growth of productivity and wages, improving the quality of products, reducing the disparity of prices among partners in the agribusiness system, improving relationships with financial institutions, improvement of the state’s social policy within the framework of sustainable development of rural areas.

2 FSBEIHEI.P. PavlovRyazanskyStateMedicalUniversity. Ryazan,RussiaAim. To evaluate the practice of beta-blockers (BB) usage in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients with diabetes (DM) in two outpatient registries.Material and methods. Registry PROFILE is the patients (n=1531) with CVD, visited specialized cardiological department of medical research center of Moscow during the period 2011-2015, and registry RECVAZA — patients (n=3690), visited 3 city polyclinics in Ryazan city in 2012-2013. Number of DM patients is 221 (14,4%) in PROFILE and 699 (18,9%) in RECVAZA.Results. In the RECVAZA, the rate of BB prescription was almost the same in CVD and DM; in PROFILE there was significantly more frequent prescription of BB, especially after myocardial infarction (86,4%) and in chronic heart failure (72,6%). In both registries bisoprolol was in use most commonly: 61,8% in PROFILE and 75,4% in RECVAZA. Among DM patients, not taking BB, in PROFILE registry there were additional contraindications: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, than in RECVAZA.Conclusion. Clinicians of the specialized cardiological department, comparing to clinicians in local outpatient institutions more actively prescribed BB to DM patients, especially in the cases when this could improve long-term outcomes of the disease. This matches with recent clinical guidelines.

Objective: determination of the infl uence of hemerin on the features of the course of chronic glomerulonephritis.Materials and method: the study included 80 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Th e criterion for including patients in the study was the presence of indications for nephrobiopsy and the patient’s consent to perform it. All patients underwent general clinical examination with establishment of anamnesis of the disease, creatinine level, urea, calculation of GFR, determination of the general blood test, general urine analysis, daily proteinuria. Venous blood sampling was used to determine the level of hemerin. Twelve months aft er the patients were admitted to the study and treated according to standard therapy, several indicators were re-recorded.Results: positive correlation associations of hemerin and sedimentation rate of erythrocytes, total cholesterol and negative - with the level of protein in the blood have been established. It was shown that significantly more significant improvement in the clinical manifestations of renal remodeling was observed in patients with a high level of hemerin (≥ 297 pg / ml) 12 months aft er treatment in comparison with the group of patients with lower values of Hemerin (

The Russian clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer is dedicated to the management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. The guideline modifications 2016 include the following matters: indication for fine-needle aspiration biopsy, calcitonin screening, standards for biopsy results, new positions of postoperative risk stratification, indication for suppressive therapy and thyroid replacement therapy, targeted therapy in patients with radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer.

The following methods are usually used for evaluation of adrenal lesion: computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and sometimes 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy. Malignant adrenal tumors, such as adrenocortical carcinoma and malignant pheochromocytoma, appear to have particularly aggressive course, which leads to high mortality rate among these patients, especially in the later stages of the disease. Thus, there is a statistically significant difference in patients’ survival depending on time to diagnosis and time to therapy initiation. In this article we analyze the results of surgical treatment in patients with adrenal tumors

Aim. To assess clinical significance of the novel ultrasound and biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in men with 2 type diabetes (DM2).Material and methods. Totally, 200 males studied, with DM2, of those 112 selected (mean age 51,7±6,7 y.) with normal vascular reactivity by Celermajer D. (1994). function of endothelium was assessed by ultrasound study of arterial vessel reactivity of brachial artery (BA) during the test with reactive hyperaemia and proteomic markers of ED — nitric oxide, endothelial nitric oxide synthase type 3 (NOS3), adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, p-selectin, e-selectin, resistin, osteoprotegerin, immune-enzyme assay. Patients were selected to 2 groups by presence or absence of polymorphism с.582+353_379del gene eNOS3.Results. Regardless the absence of ED signs by standard test with reactive hyperaemia, patients with deletion of 27 pair of nucleotides in 4 intron of non-coding area of eNOS3 gene had increased concentrations of adhesion molecules VCAM-1 by 27% and ICAM-1 by 22,9%, as the decrease of eNOS3 by 55,7%, that followed by slowed maximum vasodilation of BA during the test, comparing to the males not having this polymorphism. The significant positive correlations found of the time of maximum vasodilation development with proteomic markers of ED ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.Conclusion. For the first time, a complex of parameters established — time to maximum BA dilation with increased concentration of proteomic markers ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and decrease of eNOS3 that points on the role of ED earlier than BA diameter changes during the reactive hyperaemia test.

Aim: to verify new techniques for human cadaveric vascular allografts cryopreservation, thawing and sterilization for the tissue engineering purposes. We use polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a well-known, promising coolant. This allowed us to completely omit any cryoprotective or vitrifying solutions. Using of PDMS also makes possible an applying these allografts directly after freezing and decellularization and also it will also provide an opportunity to develop secure protocols of tissue— engineered vascular conduits cryopreservation. Matherial and methods. After mathematical modeling of cooling process and its validation the experiment for sealed (isolated) freezing at low temperature conditions of 30 femoral arterial segments has been conducted. The segments were at least 10 cm in length and taken from 15 cadaveric donors in the age of 65-85 years. The freezing process was carried out using the abovementioned coolant— PDMS, and then physico-mechanical properties of these allografts were evaluated with the special Instron machine. According to the results obtained, a modeling of their sterilization conditions was conducted (the grafts were freezed). Results. By physico-mechanical properties validation and restricted histological analysis it was shown that there was an accordance between freezed/thawed allografts properties and native vessels. Conclusion. The abovementioned approach for allografts cryopreservation and thawing was efficient enough for further work in this direction.

The article is devoted to the analysis of some productive intensifiers in a modern Russian media discourse treated in the aspect of the theory of functional grammar. Standard aspects and the new phenomena in the sphere of the use of intensifiers in the media speech are considered.

The article stidies the features of the distribution of wealth among the richest people in the world; how its relations to the economic conditions of the countries. The array of statistics reveales the significant differentiation of incomes across countries. The paper analyzes the specific distribution of wealth in some post-Soviet countries. Such distribution occured due to the unjust privatization of state property in the 90 years of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. The article reveals some possible ways of further evolution of the economic system of the worl, which appear nowdays. The changes occur in the structure of production and the control system. The trend in role changes of large and small companies we can see in the market of innovative high-tech products.

The article shows that at the present level of prices on the profitability of the gold can be conserved or deposits of ore deposits with minor reserves of the metal, as well as completion of the previously fully exhaust deposits in eastern Kazakhstan.

This article discusses the basic requirements for the formulation of the target component of the educational programmes implemented within the framework of the project of modernization of educational process at the Minin University. Modern requirements to the level of training of graduates are reflected in Federal State Educational Standards of higher education and professional standards of teachers. Analysis of these documents shows that often there is no relationship between them, which has a negative effect on the quality of the graduates. As a result, there is an objective need to establish consistency between the competences of the educational standard and labor actions of the professional standard, formulated in the form of learning outcomes. The proposed approach is based in the logic of the activity and competence-based approach reflects the learning plan specification as opposed to teaching in the learning process. Results of the approbation of new approach at Mininsky university are shown.

The important aim of this work is a critique of dialectics of Hegel. Two point of view about the character of the dialectics are researched. Corresponding to the first at them, the dialectic is a myth. Corresponding to the second view, dialectics is a theory that reflects the real state of things and is the future of philosophy. According to this point of view, mind and reality are developing dialectical triad, which includes a thesis, antithesis and synthesis. The definition of metaphysics of Hegel, which he creates by identifying two types of contradictions is criticized. Hegel identifies the logical contradictions that exist in mind and contradictions that exist in reality in the form of conflict of interests, the struggle for survival.

The review presents an analysis of experimental and clinical studies on the neuroprotective properties of erythropoietin. The suggestion about possible participation of deficiency of erythropoietin in the development of cerebral disorders in patients with chronic renal failure. The possibility of clinical use of drugs recombinant erythropoietin to protect the brain, presents the main currently known mechanisms for the implementation of its neuroprotective potential, not connected with the influence on erythropoiesis. Stressed the need for early преддиализного monitoring functions of the сentral nervous system in nephrological patients with the purpose of timely correction of the revealed violations. Identified promising therapeutic directions for the use of erythropoietin in patients with chronic renal failure, in particular, the feasibility of early administration of small doses of the drug to prevent brain damage.

A modern method for determination of fuel efficiency which is used in high-temperature plants (industrial furnaces) has been considered in the paper. The paper estimates a heat recovery role of flue gases at the furnace outlet with the purpose to save natural gas and replace it with alternative gas fuel. Efficient heat-utilizing installations for high-temperature plants have been presented in the paper, examples of heat recovery unit application in various technological schemes including processes of biomass gasification.

Characteristic kinds of local corrosion damage of an internal surface of pipes of underwater transitions after long (more than 35—40 years) operation are established: in the form of an oval and an extended strip; the mechanism of their formation is described. By specially put natural experiments (destruction of petrowire pipes at test under pressure) is shown that after long operation zones with local corrosion damages are dangerous not zones of longitudinal welded connections, namely. The method and technology of restoration of working capacity of underwater transitions after their long operation is stated; it provides decrease in risk of failures and safety increase.

In article the reasons and conditions of occurrence of procedure of transit in the law of EC are analyzed. The author builds in the chronological order the most essential changes of legal regulation of procedure of customs transit in EU brought as at the introduction into EC of the new states-members, and at reforming customs procedures. The special attention is given to the reforms of 1988 directed on introduction of the single document for custom procedures, and 1997-2005, connected with introduction of electronic registration of declarations and directed on an antagonism of activity of the organized crime in sphere of customs transit. Problems of reforms and their results are analyzed. In clause process of distribution of action of rules of procedure of transit of EC on territory of the states which are not a part of EC, by the conclusion of the international agreements is analyzed also.

Working out of a development strategy for the SCO largely depends on the constantly changing international environment, the political instability of member-states and the group’s plans to include new members. Mid-term planning will allow the SCO to give an effective and timely response to both internal and external challenges, set attainable goals and correct the existing shortcomings such as the lack of an efficient mechanism of action in times of crises. To establish such a mechanism the SCO should reconsider the consensus voting principle on a number of questions and actively use the emergency sessions of the SCO ruling bodies.

The possibility of increasing the amount of vacuum gasoil from oil distillation by preliminary oil mechanical activation was confirmed. The oil was bituminous type on the basis of GOST R51858-2002. However, overall increase of distillate fractions is less than 1% mass compared to their potential content.

The paper analyzes various factors that affect upon heat transfer in high temperature recuperators, namely: heat transfer enhancement, heat exchange surface increase and rise of temperature head between primary and secondary heat transfer fluids. Comparison of experimental data with the results of mathematical and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling has been performed in the paper. The paper considers some new designs of high temperature heat recovery plants: tube recuperator equipped with internal inserts – secondary emitters inside tubes for metallurgical furnaces and high-efficient two-way radiative recuperators for machinery engineering furnaces. Advantages of new recuperators in comparison with existing analogues have been estimated in the paper. These advantages are: provision of additional fuel saving due to increase of preheating temperature of the combustion air and improvement of design stability by decrease of tube wall temperature.