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The article highlights the ways of resolving family conflicts nobles and peasants in the first third of the XIX century in the Russian Empire, against the background of the ongoing systematization of legislation. Based on examination of the letters and memoirs of the nobles and peasants we highlighted the methods, which are actually used to solve family conflicts. I conclude that nobles and peasants rarely used help of the state in resolving family conflicts. The sphere of family relations was sacred for these estates; therefore, they did not rope the authorities into family conflicts. I have identified the following ways to resolve family conflicts: duel; marriage, often in the form of a secret wedding; going to the monastery and punishing the unfaithful wife; different approaches to raising children by peasants and nobles. The author of the article pays attention to passivity of the peasants in resolving their family conflicts. The results of the study allow exploring the alternative ways of resolving family conflicts based on representatives of other classes of Russian society in the first third of the 19th century (clergy, merchants, philistines, foreigners) as well, using wider range of sources (journalism, normative acts, fiction, paperwork). This analysis contributes to the discussion about the limits of the government intervention into family affairs. The author of the article redlines that people did not trust the law and resorted to the personally legitimate sources of dealing with family conflicts. This conclusion presents a new perspective in the discussion of legal nihilism and real application of the law in life

Саркоидоз – это системное воспалительное заболевание неизвестной этиологии, характеризующееся образованием неказеифицирующихся гранулём, мультисистемным поражением разных органов. Цель терапии саркоидоза – предупреждение или уменьшение воспаления, облегчение симптомов и улучшение качества жизни. У пациента с морфологически подтвержденным диагнозом при отсутствии угрожающего жизни состояния, нарушения функций органов и систем, прогрессирования заболевания предпочтительно активное наблюдение. Альтернативой может быть лечение с применением альфа-токоферола и/или пентоксифиллина. Лечение глюкокортикостероидами проводить только при наличии показаний и длительно (12-24 месяца). Приведенный клинический случай прогрессирующего течения саркоидоза органов дыхания призван обратить внимание врачей на особенности обследования, лечения и наблюдения таких пациентов. Случай обсуждается с позиций персонализированной медицины и современных клинических рекомендаций.

Aim of the study was to analyze the event-related synchronization/desynchronization of brain electrical activity during visual selection task in patients underwent on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with and without postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Material and methods. The study included 32 men who underwent on-pump CABG, mean age 57.2 ± 6.08 years. All patients carried out extended neuropsychological testing, a multi-channel computer electroencephalography (EEG) 3-5 days before CABG and on the 7-10th day after the surgery. The POCD was determined according to the criterion: 20 % decrease in the cognitive indicator compared to that at baseline on 20 % of the tests included in the neuropsychological battery. Monopolar EEGs were recorded in 62 sites of 10-20 system with NEUVO encephalograph (Compumedics, USA) during cognitive task performing in patients wi h and without POCD. Statistical processing was performed using the STATISTICA 10.0. Results. It was found that the POCD patients had less pronounced theta desynchronization in the left frontal-central regions during the stage of 200-400 ms at the 7-10 days after CABG in comparison to patients without cognitive decline. Moreover, in the left parietal leads POCD patients had decreased theta desynchronization during the stage of 200-400 ms even before the surgery. At the 7-10 days after CABG, only the patients without POCD had a decrease of event-related theta activity in the left parietal leads compared with baseline. During the stage of 600-800 ms, the POCD patients had a lower degree of theta-desynchronization of both frontal-central and parietal regions of right hemisphere compared to patients without cognitive decline. Conclusion. The cognitive decline in patients after CABG determined according to neuropsychological testing is accompanied by pathological changes in the event-related theta activity. An analysis of event-related synchronization/desynchronization can be used both as predictor of postoperative cognitive impairment and as objective marker of POCD.

Aim. To find out a pathophysiological protective role of influence ofmolecular hydrogen on a functional condition of a proximal tubule of kidneys at an irritable bowel syndrome.Materials and methods. 60 patients with irritable bowel syndrome were examined. Men - 18, women - 42 aged from 28 to 62 years.Of which: with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation were - 28 patients, irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea - 32. The control group consisted of 25 almost healthy patients. General clinical (Likert scale), functional (proximal reabsorption of sodium ions in the kidneys), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(concentration of cytokines in blood plasma: tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6), microbiological (рopulation levels of anaerobic B. Bifidum, B. lactis in lg CFO/g in the lumen of the colon), biochemical (the total, enzymatic fibrinolytic activity of urine) research methods were used.All patients received molecular hydrogen in the form of an aqueous solution in the amount of 1 liter per day in four doses of 250 ml for 7 days with a concentration of H2 1.0 - 1.2 ppm and redox potential from -250 to -350 mV, which was obtained using a generator of a new generation of antioxidant solution saturatedwith hydrogen Blue Water 900 (Korea), mode 1. Statistical data processing was performed using computer programs "Statgrafics"and "Exel 7.0".Results and discussion. The protective effect of molecular hydrogen improves the functional state of the proximal renal tubule in irritable bowel syndrome due to its high permeability and selective antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite, which contributes to the rupture of large and small vicious circles in the combined pathological process.

Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, are common autoinflammatory disease (AID) symptoms. The abdominal symptomatology reflecting serositis is one of the most important classification and diagnostic criteria for the classic monogenic AID (MAID) – familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Failure to timely diagnose FMF frequently leads to unjustified surgical interventions. Other periodic fevers may also present as abdominal symptoms; however, the latter are outside their diagnostic features. These diseases include, first of all, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS). Interleukin 1 (IL1) inhibitors serve as the major targeted drugs for the treatment of TRAPS. Russia has registered the IL1 inhibitor canakinumab that prevents the development of organ damages, including those in the GI tract. The paper describes a clinical case of the classic manifestations of TRAPS (fever, rash, periorbital edema, arthritis, and elevated levels of acutephase inflammatory markers) concurrent with severe abdominalgia during attacks and with the development of severe peritoneal adhesions, which led to bowel perforation and emergency surgical intervention. The prolonged persistence of inflammatory attacks before the initiation of therapy, as well as violation of the IL1 inhibitor administration regimen facilitated the development of an urgent exacerbation. Thus, TRAPS should be included in the differential diagnostic circle for patients with severe gastrointestinal manifestations characterized by an attack-like course. These patients need timely prescription of targeted therapy, strict adherence to the dosing and intervals between drug administrations, and careful monitoring to prevent serious complications with the visceral organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, and their immediate correction.

In the article the solution of a problem of assessment of accuracy of determination of coordinates of objects is stated by the system of technical sight intended for application as a part of an aim and observation complex of a sample of armored arms. The essence and the main stages of calculations of the developed simulation model are disclosed. The feature of this model is the possibility of calculation of distribution of an error of measurement of coordinates on all volumes of measuring space, and its form, and the sizes depending on mutual position of the video cameras, their internal parameters and accidental components influencing process of measurements.

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a disease which is diffcult to diagnose and which complicates other respiratory diseases. Forms of CPA include chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis, chronic fbrosing pulmonary aspergillosis, simple aspergilloma, Aspergillus nodules. The presented clinical study demonstrates the diffculties of diagnosis of CPA in a patient with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and with concomitant respiratory diseases: COPD and bullous emphysema. The early diagnosis of this disease requires computed tomography of chest organs and high-quality methods to confrm aspergillosis: PCR, detection of IgG antibodies or precipitins to Aspergillus in blood, galactomannan into bronchoalveolar lavage. The given clinical case has to draw attention of phthisiologists, pulmonologists, radiologists to chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.

The use of reamberin for prophylaxis of side effects was estimated In 257 patients with tuberculosis of the respiratory organs under the chemotherapy. The reference group involved 241 patients treated with the chemotherapeutics alone. Reamberin in the treatment of the patients, including subjects with multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, promoted a 2-fold decrease in the frequency of the intoxication syndrome during the first month of the treatment. Adverse reactions (toxic, allergic) to the antituberculosis chemotherapeutics were 2.4 times less frequent in the patients additionally treated with reamberin. Positive effect of reamberin on the activity of AlAT and AsAT was observed, the effect being higher, when the pathogen was susceptible to the drugs.

Background. Tuberculosis influences female health significantly. Aim of the study: to analyze social and clinical characteristics of tuberculosis in women with different mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility residing in Grodno region and to assess the effectiveness of the therapy. Material and methods. The subjects of the study were 203 female patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The 1st group included 114 female patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. The 2nd group was made up of 89 female patients with drug-susceptible disease. Results. The 1st group as compared with the 2nd one included significantly more reproductive and working age females, those aged 40-49 years, as well as patients with alcohol dependence syndrome and fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis. By the end of inpatient treatment in the 1st group negative sputum culture was obtained in 74.6% cases and “successful treatment” – only in 47.4% patients. By the end of inpatient treatment in the 2nd group abacillation was achieved in 91.2% patients and “successful treatment” – in 84.3%. Conclusions. Tuberculosis in women of Grodno region is a medical and social problem.

Development of effective methods of restorative treatment for patients after stroke is an important medical and social problem. A lack of effective and timely medical rehabilitation can lead to loss of limb function. The study is devoted to the assessment of application of immobilization splints prepared from the thermoformed composite of domestic production in medical rehabilitation using the method of maintaining position. The study is based on observations of 57 patients with cerebral stroke in the early recovery period. It has been proven that using of immobilization splints from the thermoformable composite of domestic production in the early recovery period is more effective as compared to the use of devices incapable of creating an individual form. This is demonstrated by statistically significant increase in a number of indices as compared to the control group.

Despite the rapid development of alternative energy sources, the role of hydrocarbons in the global fuel and energy balance remains significant. For their transportation and further processing, pre-processing is carried out using a set of equipment. In this case, the mandatory devices are separators. In terms of specific energy consumption and separation efficiency, methods based on the action of inertia forces are optimal. However, standard designs have common disadvantages. A method of dynamic separation is proposed to eliminate them. The proposed devices are automatic control systems. The object of regulation is hydraulic resistance, and elastic forces are the regulating actions. Aerohydroelastic phenomena accompany the operation of dynamic separation devices. Among them, the most interesting are flutter and buffeting. Oscillations of adjustable baffles accompany them. It is necessary to conduct a number of multifactorial experiments to determine the operating parameters of dynamic separation devices. In turn, physical experiments aim to identify patterns and features of processes occurring during vibration-inertial separation (i.e., the dependence of various parameters on velocity). Therefore, the article proposes a methodology for carrying our physical experiments on dynamic separation and a designed experimental setup for these studies. As a result, the operating modes of separation devices for different thicknesses of baffle elements were evaluated. Additionally, the dependences of the adjustable element’s deflections and oscillation amplitudes on the gas flow velocity were determined for different operating modes of vibration separation devices.

The cognitive decline in cardiac patients may be associated with insufficiency of the cerebral blood supply and inhibition of the brain functional state that manifested as a slowing of spontaneous EEG activity. On the other hand, the attention networks functioning is closely related to the theta oscillatory activity. We have studied the relationship between background theta activity (4-6 Hz) and attentiveness networks functioning in patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD). Material and methods. We evaluated the parameters of alerting, orienting and executive control using the attention network test (ANT) in 41 CAD patients. Resting-state EEG with closed and open eyes also was recorded from 62 channels positioned according to the International 10–20 system. Spectral EEG power was calculated for frequencies from 0.1 to 50 Hz. Statistical analysis was done using Statistica 10 software package. Results and discussion. The regression analysis revealed positive associations of alerting and the theta rhythm (4-6 Hz) power with eyes closed in the right central and temporal brain regions. Negative relationships between the alerting system and the theta rhythm power in the right frontal and left occipital sites were obtained. Orienting system was positively related to the theta reactivity in the left temporo-parietal and right central brain areas; a negative relationship was established for the right occipital site. The executive control correlated negatively with the reactivity of the theta power in the right frontal and left parietal areas of the cortex, positively – right central region. It was demonstrated that attention disorders in CAD patients are associated with theta activity changes, predominantly in the right hemisphere. The study of EEG resting-state parameters can be useful for predicting impaired attention in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

The widespread catalysts and nuclear fuel production are the sol-gel technology, including several stages, namely, the raw materials preparation, dispersing it into drops, the granules formation in gas and then in liquid media, granules removal with liquid separation. The vibration granulator is proposed to use on the dispersion stage. One of the problems in their development is determining the vibrational characteristics of a perforated bucket filled with liquid to a certain level. Considering that vibrations are transmitted from the emitter disk through the liquid melt and cause vibrations of the perforated shell, in research, it was decided to use the Fluent Flow and the Transient Structural modules of the ANSYS Workbench software. As a result, numerical simulation results of the emitter disk vibration effect on the cylindrical body are presented. Also, parameters of a discrete mathematical model are evaluated by the bucket vibrations characteristics. The corresponding model considers the inertial, stiffness, and damping properties of functional elements. Additionally, according to the modal analysis results of the priller body, it was determined the eigenfrequencies of the hydromechanical system. Finally, based on the numerical simulation results and their analysis using Fourier transformations, it was determined that the oscillations of the lower part of the bucket, consisting of two harmonic oscillations that equal 230 Hz and 520 Hz.

One of the most urgent problems concerning the design of inertial separation devices is the failure of the trapped liquid film from the contact surfaces due to the contact with the turbulent gas-liquid flow. For extension of the range of the effective inertial separation, a method of dynamic separation was proposed using the developed separation device with deformable sinusoidal walls. In this regard, the article is aimed at the development of the general methodology for the determination of the impact of hydrodynamic characteristics on the shape parameters for the deformed separation channel. The proposed approach is based on both physical and geometrical models. The first one allows obtaining compliance of deformable walls as a result of pressure distribution in the separation channel as a result of numerical simulation. The second one allows for obtaining variations of the main geometrical parameters of the proposed model using transfer functions. The relevancy of the proposed methodology was proved by the values of the relative errors for evaluating the variations of the amplitude and the radius of curvature.

Anniversaries are an important event in the activities of the university. For over 60 years of its history, Grodno State Medical University has become a major educational, scientific and clinical center in the education and health care system of the Republic of Belarus. The article provides information on the current state of the university, its main achievements, scientists and staff who have made significant contributions to the establishment and development of the university.

Background: Timely detection of tuberculosis infection worldwide, at present, remains an urgent problem. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive digital X-ray fluorography studies in the timely diagnosis of respiratory tuberculosis (RTB) at the present time. Material and methods: The analysis of 247 medical records of patients admitted to inpatient treatment aimed at the identification of RTB was carried out. All examined patients were divided into two groups according to the method of RTB detection: by the method of digital prophylactic X-ray examinations; by seeking medical advice. Results: with preventive digital X-ray fluorography studies 188 cases (76.1%) were detected, in those seeking medical advice – 59 cases (23.9%). Conclusions: Currently the X-ray method remains the leading method for timely detection of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening complication of pregnancy associated with a high rate of maternal and perinatal morbidity and/or mortality. This study was aimed at evaluation of total and fetal cell-free DNA (cftDNA and cffDNA) in maternal plasma to assess whether this could represent a reliable predictive marker of early, late PE and whether intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) as seen in PE is associated with levels of cell-free DNA. Diagnostic criteria for fetal growth retardation are calculated from the results of blood test results obtained in 26-36 weeks of gestation. We performed a PCR assay to compare the cftDNA and cffDNA concentration in maternal plasma among 3 groups of pregnant women. These included 119 women with overt PE (47 - early PE, 72 - late PE), 24 women at risk for the disease who developed PE (8 -early PE, 16 - late PE), and 30 controls. CffDNA quantification is a promising marker for early preeclampsia prediction. Cut-off value of 0,87 ng/ml for cffDNA (87.5 % sensitivity and 66,67 % specificity). Since the increase in cftDNA and cffDNA seems to be related to the presence IUGR in pregnancies which are complicated with early PE. Thus, it suggests that cftDNA and cffDNA could represent a potential biomarker of IUGR among individuals with early PE.

The authors present a design scheme of a bridge crane and also its simulation model. A regression model, which allows determining various parameters of the brifge crane’s working process, is built on the basis of the simulation model. It is concluded that the complexity of the regression expression by increasing the number of its items beyond 12 doesn’t lead to further increasing the accuracy of approximation.

The article presents the comparative description of multiple resistant tuberculosis patients (MDR TB) abusing alcohol (group 1 – 169 people), and not abusing alcohol (group 2 – 122 persons); the frequency and specificity of adverse reaction to anti-tuberculosis drugs, immediate and postponed treatment outcomes have been studied. The negative effect of the alcohol abuse on the majority of the studied rates has been found out. Disseminated forms, fibrous cavernous tuberculosis, intoxication syndrome, chronic respiratory, intestinal and liver diseases, as well as incarceration experience are observed more often among alcohol dependent MDR TB patients. It is confidently true that adverse reactions occur more often (84.6% versus 57.6%), including toxic reactions, they are more severe and intractable, especially hepato- and neuro-toxic ones.Efficiency of in-patient treatment is confidently lower in the 1st group – 61.7% versus 82.8%. The cessation of bacillary excretion was lower (69.7% versus 85.6%). The hospital mortality was also higher in the 1st group (8.6% versus 0.9%).The postponed results of 2 – 6 year follow up are worse in the patients abusing alcohol. The successful treatment outcomes with criteria of cured, treatment completed were observed in the 60.4% in the 1st group of patient, while in the 2nd group this rate made 80.8% (p