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Aim: to study the features of thrombotic complications in cancer patients during COVID-19 infection, and identify the most significant diagnostic and prognostic criteria.Materials and Methods. Within the framework of cohort non-randomized study, there were analyzed the course of coronavirus infection in 72 hospitalized patients with uterine cancer (n = 22), cervical cancer (n = 19), ovarian cancer (n = 24) as well as vaginal and vulvar cancer (n = 7). All patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were examined and treated in accordance with the Interim guidelines “Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19)” effective at the time of therapy. Additionally, on days 3–7 after hospitalization, a blood test was performed once to determine the level of metalloproteinase ADAMTS-13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13), ADAMTS-13 activity, ADAMTS-13 inhibitor and von Willebrand factor (vWF) level.Results. It was shown that the average age of the patients was 56.96 ± 7.55 years, the length of hospitalization ranged from 7 to 19 (13.0 ± 3.79) days. The disease severity was assessed by the degree of lung tissue damage based on computed tomography (CT), respiratory failure and development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). During hospitalization, CT-2 was detected in 46 (63.9 %) patients, CT-3 – in 26 (36.1 %) patients; 37 (51.4 %) patients were transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). Clinically significant deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was diagnosed in 9 (12.5 %) patients, and pulmonary embolism (PE) – in 4 (5.6 %) patients. Of these, 6 cases of DVT and 3 cases of PE were fatal. A total of 14 (19.44 %) patients deceased due to developing acute cardiopulmonary failure. A vWF/ADAMTS-13 ratio greater than 2.1 was found in all ICU patients. Despite anticoagulant therapy, patients with DVT and PE had this ratio higher than 3.3 (4.00 ± 0.48), whereas in all 14 deceased patients it exceeded 2.98.Conclusion. Venous thromboembolism, including PE and DVT, has been identified as а serious complication of COVID-19. An opportunity to predict them early is of special importance because they may lead to serious complications such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, SIRS, cardiopulmonary failure, and death. In patients suffering from cancer infected with COVID-19, not only a decline in ADAMTS-13 activity and level was detected, but also a parallel increase in vWF level. A vWF/ADAMTS-13 ratio may be an early indicator of COVID-19 severity in such patients: a vWF/ADAMTS-13 ratio exceeding 2.1 was common for all ICU patients. Hence, it evidences about a potential for using this parameter to early identify such risk patients who may require more intensive care and medical intervention.

Purpose of the study. Analytical review and analysis of available literature on texture analysis of computed tomgraphy (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in noninvasive diagnosis of ICC and correlation with molecular genetic features and tumor immunophenotype.Materials and methods. The scientific publications and clinical guidelines in the information- analytical systems PubMed, Scopus for 2012–2022 were carried out using the keywords: "mri", "radiomics", "texture analysis", "radiogenomics", "intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma", "molecular". 49 articles were selected for analysis after excluding studies dealing with technical aspects of radiomics and describing individual clinical observations.Results. The presented review demonstrated the broad possibilities and prospects of application of CT and MRI texture analysis in the study of cholangiocellular cancer, including the first results in the study of molecular features (signatures) of this tumor. Correlation of texture features with the expression of immunotherapy target genes KRAS/NRAS/BRAF as well as IDH1/2 mutation was shown. Texture scores were the predominant independent predictor of microvascular invasion, which was a major independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence.Conclusion. The use of texture analysis undoubtedly demonstrates promising possibilities both in noninvasive assessment of the HCC histological differentiation grade, as well as in differential diagnosis with hepatocellular carcinoma, metastases, and requires further study for systematization and standardization of the obtained data.

Radical surgical intervention, chemoradiotherapy and immune therapy implicated for patients with cervical cancer (CC) can result in significant morphofunctional, psychological, sexual disorders and social maladjustment. To optimize treatment and rehabilitation for CC patients, a routing approach has been established. This approach involves the patient's journey during diagnosis and treatment with well-defined timed stages. Additionally, a rehabilitation program with lifelong follow-up has been implemented. Prior to commencing therapy, undertaking rehabilitation after oncogynecological treatment during the stage spanning from diagnosis to therapy initiation contributes to enhancing the quality of life (QoL) for CC patients.

The objective of the study is to compare the effectiveness of various systemic therapies in the 3rd and subsequent lines of therapy of metastatic colon cancer. Material and Methods. Retrospective multicenter study collected data from 2 clinics of the Russian Federation. We considered overall survival (OS) as the main criterion of effectiveness. Progression-free survival (PFS) was the additional criterion. We performed a single- and multifactorial analysis of the effect of various parameters on PFS. To evaluate the effectiveness of regorafenib and the reintroduction of previously effective drugs, we should prove the equivalence of reintroduction of the 3rd line chemotherapy (CT) and targeted therapy to regorafenib on the 6-month overall survival, provided that the equivalence boundaries would be between 0.8 and 1.25. To reach the 0.05 probability of type I error and the 80 % study power, 178 patients (89 in each group) should be included in the study. Results. The database identifed 215 patients with morphologically confrmed metastatic colon cancer who received two or more lines of antitumor drug therapy from 2010 to 2021. We selected 132 patients with the history of regorafenib therapy and 83 patients with the reintroduction of a previously used chemotherapy regimen as 3rd line treatment. The median OS in the reintroduction and regorafenib groups did not differ (HR, 1.01; 95 % CI, 0.7–1.45; p=0.920); 6-month OS were 74 and 70 %, respectively. Progression-free survival was signifcantly higher in the reintroduction group (HR, 1.94; 95 % CI, 1.3–2.7; p

Patients who underwent radical antitumor treatment for ovarian cancer, borderline ovarian tumors, often experience a severe range of morphofunctional and psychological disorders. Frequent complications are postovariectomy syndrome, sexual dysfunction, anxiety and depression, and chronic pelvic pain, which reduces the overall quality of life. Numerous studies show that for this category of patients, the preservation of labor activity and social significance is an extremely important aspect. This dictates the need to organize rehabilitation measures that significantly increase the quality of life of oncogynecological patients and contribute to the restoration of their professional and social functioning.

Cancer prevalence particularly for cervical cancer (CC) has been steadily increasing tending to rise among young women. Vigorous antitumor treatment approaches employed in CC management have detrimental effects on various aspects of a woman's life. In addition to causing morphofunctional alterations in diverse host organs and systems, such treatment protocols result in psychological and emotional disturbances, sexual dysfunction, and social maladjustment, which collectively profoundly reduce the quality of life (QoL). Integrating timely rehabilitation programs into comprehensive care of such patients can effectively alleviate or minimize complications related to antitumor treatment, improve QoL, and restore a woman's desire for satisfying sexual and social engagement.

Background. Radical treatment of malignant neoplasms (MNs) of female reproductive system often has serious consequences. Chronic pain syndrome, distress, anxiety and depression, decreased self-esteem, sexual dysfunction and social maladjustment reduce quality of life (QoL) and require psychotherapeutic support.Objective: to create an algorithm for the provision of comprehensive psychotherapeutic support during rehabilitation following the treatment of reproductive system MNs and to evaluate its effect on QoL indicators in women with neuropsychiatric disorders.Material and methods. The algorithm for the provision of comprehensive psychotherapeutic support included clinical interview, cognitive behavioral therapy, visualization, audio therapy, art therapy, group and individual psychotherapy, family psychotherapy, image therapy. The QoL indicators were determined by questionnaires using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General (FACT-G) with nosology-specific extensions (subscales of physical well-being, social/family well-being, emotional wellbeing and functional well-being), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Kupperman–Uvarova Modified Menopausal Index (MMI). The follow-up period was 1 year after radical surgical treatment of reproductive system MNs in different localizations. The main group received the algorithm for the provision of comprehensive psychotherapeutic support as part of active medical rehabilitation, the comparison group received basic rehabilitation.Results. The study included 47 women with vulvar cancer (VC): active rehabilitation group (VC-1) – 24 patients and basic rehabilitation group (VC-2) – 23 patients; 61 women with endometrial cancer (EC): active rehabilitation group (EC-1) – 29 patients and basic rehabilitation group (EC-2) – 32 patients; 103 women with cervical cancer (CC): active rehabilitation group (CC-1) – 51 patients and basic rehabilitation group (CC-2) – 52 patients; 62 women with stages I–II ovarian cancer (OC) and low malignant potential tumor (LMPT): active rehabilitation group (LMPT-1) – 29 patients and basic rehabilitation group (LMPT-2) – 33 patients. Differences in physical, social/family and functional well-being (FACT-G) were significant from the 6th month and in emotional well-being – by the end of follow-up. Neurovegetative and psycho-emotional disorders, as assessed by Kupperman–Uvarova MMI, showed significant positive dynamics in women who received the algorithm for the provision of comprehensive psychotherapeutic support, in contrast to the comparison group, where these indicators remained without significant dynamics or worsened by the end of the follow-up period. The HADS scores during psychotherapeutic support decreased to normal values at the 6–12th months of follow-up, while those who received the basic rehabilitation continued to have subclinical anxiety and depression.Conclusion. The developed algorithm for psychotherapeutic support as part of active medical rehabilitation of women who underwent radical treatment for reproductive system MNs (VC, EC, CC, OC, and LMPT) has demonstrated its effectiveness, justifuing its implementation in clinical practice.

Introduction. Radical surgery for recurrent atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) allows to fully assess pathological changes of the endometrium, a risk of concomitant cancer, and provides insight into proposing a definitive therapy. However, after ovariohysterectomy, young women develop postovariectomy syndrome (POES) and psychosexual disorders profoundly decreasing quality of life (QoL) that requires rehabilitation measures.Aim: to conduct a comparative analysis of QoL in patients with recurrent AEH after hysterectomy with bilateral salpingooophorectomy based on the management tactics in the rehabilitation period.Materials and Methods. In the second part of the prospective randomized comparative study, 58 women diagnosed with recurrent AEH (mean patient age 44.25 ± 3.40 years) underwent a one-year-follow-up, divided into 2 groups according to the management tactics in the rehabilitation period: group 1 – 27 patients with "active" rehabilitation according to the complex rehabilitation and therapeutic protocol proposed by our research group; group 2 – 31 patients with "passive" rehabilitation. To assess the overall QoL, a questionnaire the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for Patients with Endometrial Cancer (FACT-En) was used, analyzing a level of anxiety and depressive disorders with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) as well as manifestations of surgical menopause using Kupperman–Uvarova modified menopausal index (MMI) and sexual function – with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) on day 3–7 as well as 3, 6, 12 months after surgical treatment.Results. It was found that inter-group difference was significant in the FACT-En questionnaire observed as early as by 3 months of the study, whereas by 12 months the QoL score in the "active" rehabilitation group increased by 39.36 points based on the FACT-En questionnaire, but only by 17.38 points in the "passive" rehabilitation cohort (p < 0.001). Analyzing Kupperman–Uvarova MMI, the degree of manifested surgical menopause decreased over time in both groups. However, as early as 6 and 12 months after onset, “active” rehabilitation was featured with surgical menopause parameters corresponding to a mild course, whereas “passive” rehabilitation was associated with moderate severity (p < 0.001). Over the entire follow-up period, "active" rehabilitation group was shown to have anxiety parameters decreased from 10.77 ± 2.36 score (subclinical anxiety) to 4.55 ± 1.50 score (normal range), whereas at 6 and 12 months of follow-up the "passive" rehabilitation group was found to have anxiety parameters corresponding to subclinical manifestations. Over time, sexual function improved in both groups, however, the parameters in the "active" vs. "passive" rehabilitation group were significantly higher as early as 3 months after the onset, with similar pattern observed at 6 and 12 months (p < 0.05).Conclusion. The set of rehabilitation measures proposed by us improves psycho-emotional state, corrects POES manifestations, improves sexual function of AEH patients, thereby increasing overall QoL. This is comparable to the results of medical rehabilitation of women after radical treatment with endometrial cancer.

Aim: to evaluate effectiveness of a personalized comprehensive rehabilitation program in patients after surgical treatment of endometrial cancer (EC).Material and Methods. There were enrolled 61 patients of reproductive age (44.46 ± 3.84 years) after radical treatment of endometrioid adenocarcinoma by stratifying subjects into 2 groups: group I – «active» rehabilitation with a comprehensive program of restorative measures (n = 29), group II – «passive» rehabilitation with standard management of the postoperative period in accordance with volume and timeframe determined by clinical recommendations (n = 32). Quality of life (QоL) was determined using the following questionnaires: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for Patients with Endometrial Cancer (FACT-En), Kupperman-Uvarova Modified Menopausal Index (MMI), The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The program was based on four patient visits expected to occur at week 1 as well as 3, 6, 12 months after surgery, respectively.Results. In was found that 12 months post-surgery MMI in group I was decreased from 40.75 ± 5.69 down to 26.45 ± 4.84 score corresponding to mild postovariectomy syndrome (POES), whereas in group II – from 39.62 ± 5.37 to 36.15 ± 4.06 score estimated as moderate POES. In addition, at this time point patients in group I were noted to virtually fully recover sexual function assessed by FSFI (24.93 ± 2.86 score), whereas in group II it was at markedly lower level (13.39 ± 2.55 score; p < 0.001). According to the HADS, all subjects had level exceeding score of 11 at week 1 post-surgery corresponding to clinically significant anxiety and depression. Moreover, 6- and 12-months post-surgery subjects in group I lacked significant symptoms (score < 7 for each parameter), whereas in group II 12-month follow-up demonstrated subclinical level of anxiety and depression. According to the FACT-En, subjects in group I vs. group II revealed markedly higher QoL on visit 4 reaching 141.31 ± 6.45 and 112.84 ± 6.48 score, respectively.Conclusion. The «active» personalized comprehensive rehabilitation program proposed here demonstrated high efficacy in EC patients after radical surgery compared to subjects underwent standard management in rehabilitation period. Use of the program during 12 months post-surgery allowed to minimize negative manifestations related to POES, positively impacted psycho-emotional status, significantly improved sexual function as well as QoL. Organizing comprehensive rehabilitation in post-surgical EC patients should be considered as one of high-priority approaches in public healthcare.

It has long been recognized a crucial role played by platelets in thrombosis and hemostasis. Along with that, laboratory and clinical data suggest that platelets contribute to tumor progression and metastasis through a variety of interactions with cancer cells. During oncological process, the platelet function becomes modulated via their activation and increased aggregation being one of the risk factors for developing thrombosis in cancer patients. The platelets per se enhance tumor cell dissemination, activate endothelial cells, and attract immune cells to the primary and metastatic tumor sites. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the complex interactions between platelets and tumor cells, as well as cells of the microenvironment, and discuss the development of new antitumor agents aimed at various arms in platelet functioning.

A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is largely associated with various coagulopathies, which can lead to either bleeding and thrombocytopenia or hypercoagulation and thrombosis. Thrombohemorrhagic complications also could accompany the development of cancer process. In addition, circulating inflammatory biomarkers such as fibrin, D-dimer, P-selectin and von Willebrand factor (vWF) typical to both coronavirus infection and malignancy process are of special interest. In this review, we discuss potential interplay between COVID-19 and cancer related to endothelial dysfunction, platelets, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Most importantly, patients should be treated in early stage of the disease process when elevated levels of fibrinogen, D-dimer, vWF, and P-selectin are observed. The level of these markers will rise rapidly upon disease progression, followed by a cytokine storm, would evidence about a poor prognosis.

The evolution in reconstructive breast surgery in the form of widespread use of implants allows you to abandon the “simple” mastectomy in most patients, provide faster rehabilitation and minimize the psychological trauma due to the absence of a breast. However, in most cases, radiation therapy and/or drug treatment are necessary, as they reduce the risk of relapse, disease progression and mortality. The combined or complex treatment increases the frequency of postoperative complications, such as prolonged wound healing, infection, protrusion/extrusion of the endoprosthesis, the development of capsular contracture, seroma, hematoma, etc. The greatest negative impact on the aesthetic result, both in the early and in the long-term period, is provided by remote radiation therapy. On the other hand, performing reconstructive plastic surgery may complicate radiation therapy. The issues of how long it is necessary to conduct radiation therapy, what type of reconstruction and how to conduct radiation therapy, how to minimize the frequency of complications without compromising the oncological and aesthetic results of treatment of breast cancer patients remain controversial.

The treatment of common forms of squamous cell carcinoma of the organs located on the head and neck that are not subject to surgical treatment is limited to the use of chemoradiotherapy with platinum derivatives or drug therapy with platinum-containing regimens. With the progression of the disease, ineffective 2‑line cytostatics were prescribed that did not fundamentally change the course of the tumor process. The introduction into clinical practice of drugs of the original mechanism of action has significantly increased the effectiveness of drug therapy during progression after platinum-containing chemotherapy. The article presents two clinical observations that demonstrate the relevance of the strategy of using inhibitors of immune response control points after platinum preparations.

Hyperparathyroidism is one of the most common endocrinopathies. This disease leads to a violation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism and the washing out of calcium from bone tissue. Breach of the skeleton’s structure in hyperparathyroidism is often mistaken for metastatic bone damage, which leads to incorrect treatment tactics. In this work we present the clinical observation of a patient with an adenoma of the parathyroid gland and a severe bone form of hyperparathyroidism. Multiple lesions of bones with destruction of the cortical layer and the presence of the softtissue component were initially regarded as metastases in the bone. However, the morphological pattern of bone foci, as well as an elevated level of calcium and parathyroid hormone, made it possible to diagnose the bony form of hyperparathyroidism. The search for the cause of hyperparathyroidism revealed a tumor in the projection of the right lower parathyroid gland. Surgical removal of parathyroid adenoma led to the normalization of the level of calcium and parathyroid hormone. The article presents data of laboratory-instrumental methods of research and the results of surgical treatment of a patient.

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of active beam scanning proton therapy for re-irradiation of CNS tumors. Although this treatment option for recurrent intracranial tumors is considered effective, however, it is rarely used because of severe radiation-induced neurologic complications. We present 3 case reports of using active beam scanning proton therapy for re-irradiation of intracranial tumors. In the first case, the patient with high-grade glioma was treated with proton beam therapy 1.5 years after the previous conventional external beam radiation therapy. Tumor regression lasting 18 months was achieved. In the second case, the patient received repeated proton beam therapy for recurrent esthesioneuroblastoma. After 1.5 years of follow-up, no evidence of recurrence and late toxicity was observed. The third case was unique, since the patient with recurrent hemangiopericitoma of the orbit received 4 courses of radiotherapy to the same area. A significant regression with no evidence of radiation-induced damage was also seen 12 months after the completion of radiation treatment. Conclusion. Recent advances in proton therapy allow for re-irradiation of CNS tumors in effective total doses, while reducing exposure to surrounding normal tissues. The use of PET-CT for contouring the target allows the localization and volume of the metabolically active tumor tissue to be precisely determined.

Background: In recent years, the method of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been increasingly used in clinical oncology. Three non-toxic components play a key role in realization of the anti- tumor effect of PDT: a photosensitizer (PS), local irradiation of the tumor with light/laser of a certain wavelength corresponding to the sensitizer absorption peak, and oxygen. The highly reactive biological oxidants formed during photochemical reactions exert a destructive effect on cells and tumor vasculature with subsequent activation of the immune response. Efficiency of PDT is determined by the level of PS accumulation in tumors, as well as by its photophysical parameters and photochemical activity. To create a new PS, natural chlorophylls and their derivatives with intense absorption in the long-wave region of the spectrum are of particular interest.Aim: To study the efficacy and mechanism of PDT action (using a conjugate containing two molecules of dipropoxy-bacteriopurpurinimide with a cystamine residue as a PS) on the growth and functional morphology of transplanted solid connective tissue tumor.Materials and methods: The study was carried out in female white outbred rats with subcutaneously implanted sarcoma M-1. PS was injected to rats of the experimental group intraperitoneally. PDT was performed during the maximal index of tumor/ healthy tissue contrast after the administration of the PS. The criterion of PDT efficacy was a change in the tumor growth/regression coefficient. The research methods included immunohistochemistry for PCNA and CD31, evaluation of mitotic activity and apoptosis of tumor cells, as well as computer analysis of microscopic images.Results: After PDT with the new PS, a 16-fold decrease of growth coefficient of tumor nodes was registered. The photo-induced antitumor effect was shown to be due to destruction of sarcoma M-1 vascular bed, rapid inhibition of proliferative activity and devitalization of tumor cells. At early stages after PDT, destruction of the microvasculature and photo-cytostatic shock of tumor cells with subsequent development of necrosis appears to be caused by direct influence of the light flux on sensitized cellular elements in tumor parenchyma and stroma. Conclusion: The final result of PDT is determined by the sequence of destructive and inflammatory changes in the tumor parenchyma and surrounding tissues, as well as by a proliferative potential of malignant cells surviving after treatment. The surviving tumor cells, which determine the recurrent growth of neoplasms after PDT, are still present, maybe due to an insufficient concentration of the sensitizer in certain weakly vascularized areas of sarcoma M-1.

OBJECTIVE. The article analyzed an efficacy and safety of application of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in elderly and senile patients with rectal cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS. An analysis of treatment results was made in 267 patients, who were divided into two groups. The first group (n = 142) underwent combined treatment that included prolonged course of neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgery. The second group of 125 patients underwent surgery without application of CRT. The patients of both groups were subdivided according their age. The subgroup “A” consisted of young and middle age patients. The subgroup “B” included geriatric patients. Comparative analysis was made between the same age subgroups. RESULTS. The age factor didn’t significantly influence on the risk of complications of neoadjuvant CRT and its adverse effects on subsequent outcome of surgery. The application of preoperative CRT in geriatric patients accompanied by less significant growth of recurrence-free survival compared with young patients. CONCLUSIONS. The age factor shouldn’t restrict the application of neoadjuvant CRT in patients with satisfactory general health status and absence of tumor complication process.

The study of the functional morphology of rat sarcoma M-1 after photodynamic therapy using bacteriopurpurinimide disulfide derivative (disulfide-BPI) as a photosensitizer is described. The research methods included immunohistochemistry for PCNA and CD31, evaluation of mitotic activity and apoptosis of tumor cells, as well as computer analysis of microscopic images. Photoinduced antitumor effect was shown to be due to the destruction of sarcoma M-1 vascular bed, the rapid inhibition of proliferative activity and devitalization of tumor cells by apoptosis and necrosis. It is reasonable to suppose that in the early stages after photodynamic therapy destruction of the microvasculature and photocytostatic shock of tumor cells with subsequent development of necrosis are caused by direct influence of the light flux on sensitized cellular elements in parenchyma and stroma of tumors. The efficiency of photodynamic therapy with the novel photosensitizer is determined by the sequence of destructive and inflammatory changes in tumor parenchyma and surrounding tissues, as well as repopulation potential of tumor cells survived after treatment.

The results of a study on the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy with a photosensitizer fotoditazin and cryotherapy for actinic keratosis are represented in the article. The study included 80 patients with 215 lesions, among them erythematous form of actinic keratosis was diagnosed in 151 (70.2%) cases, hyperkeratotic form – in 46 (21.4%) cases, a pigmented form – in 12 (5.6%) and an atypical variant of the disease – in 6 (2.8%) cases. According to histological type the distribution of tumor was as follows: 19 (54.3%) cases were diagnosed as hypertrophic type, 6 (17.1%) – atrophic, 8 (22.9%) – bowenoid and 2 (5.7% ) – pigmented type. Patients from the study group received one session of photodynamic therapy using laser unit "LAMI" (662 nm) after 2 hours of application of fotoditazin 0.5% gel at dose of 0,2-0,3 ml per 1 cm2 of actinic keratosis focus with the following parameters: the energy density of the laser radiation – 200 J/cm2, power density – 0.14–0.48 W/cm2. In the control group patients underwent cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen with an exposure of 30-60 sec. The comparative analysis of the immediate results showed a tendency for the efficacy of photodynamic therapy to increase (the rate of complete regression was 92.5%) compared with cryotherapy (85.0%) (p>0,05). There were also a tendency for long-term results after photodynamic therapy to improve: three-year recurrence-free survival was 94.6% and 88.2%, respectively. For the photodynamic therapy there were significantly fewer adverse reactions, the epithelization time in lesions was significantly shorter. Compared with cryotherapy the photodynamic therapy provided significantly better cosmetic results (p

Lung cancer treatment remains a major challenge for modern oncology. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has proved to be an effective anti-tumor treatment modality for patients with lung cancer. This paper evaluated results of using PDT for lung cancer patients. The effectiveness of PDT was analyzed and the prospects for the development of the method were presented.

The review is on treatment of keratoacanthomas using photodynamic therapy. The defining characteristic of keratoacanthoma among epithelial tumors is a rapid spontaneous regression in the case of typical keratoacanthoma and long-term persistence, recurrence and common malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma in the case of atypical keratoacanthoma. In recent years, photodynamic therapy which is an effective method of treatment of different types of cancer and pre-cancer diseases of the skin including actinic keratosis, Bowen’s disease, basal cell carcinoma, is increasingly used in clinical practice. There are few data for photodynamic therapy in the treatment of keratoacanthoma. The analysis of the literature shows that using of photodynamic therapy in the set of treatment modalities in patients with keratoacanthoma improves the efficacy and reduces the terms of the therapy. In all investigations except one there was complete tumor regression in 100% patients with keratoacanthoma who underwent photodynamic therapy. In one study complete tumor regression was observed in 66.7% of patients with atypical keratoacanthoma after photodynamic therapy. The follow-up of patients in all analyzed studies accounted for at least 2-3 years. During this time none of the patients had evidence for recurrence. This approach has minimal restrictions for application. Thus, photodynamic therapy may become a therapeutic alternative to surgical treatment of keratoacanthoma with good clinical and cosmetic results.

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown its clinical efcacy in the treatment of keratoacanthoma. However, the published data is scarce and contradictory. Methods of a photosensitizer administration and irradiation doses depending on the type of keratoacanthoma have not been defned. Aim: To develop the diferentiated approached to PDT for typical and atypical keratoacanthoma by variation of the light density while using of a chlorine photosensitizer. Materials and methods: We assessed and treated 36 patients with cytologically and/or histologically confrmed solitary keratoacanthomas, among them 22 patients with typical and 14 patients with atypical ones. In 12 patients, persistent keratoacanthomas were diagnosed, in 1, a gigantic one and in 1, a centripetal one. Each patient was administered one session of PDT with an intralesional administration of a photosensitizer Radachlorin at a dose of 0.75 mL/cm3. The source of laser irradiation was a medical laser device LAMI (with the wave- length of 662 ± 3 nm, the power of irradiation at the edge of the light guide, 2 Wt). The absorbed light density was 50 J/cm2 for typical keratoacanthomas and 300 J/cm2 for atypical ones. 70 Results: After the treatment, in 32 (89%) of patients the tumor completely regressed within one month (26 ± 1.3 days). In 4 patients (all with atypical keratoacanthomas) the tumors did not regress within one month and was removed surgically with the 3 mm margins of obviously normal skin. At the site of former tumors, there were areas of atrophic scarring (26 cases, in 4 patients, with hyperpigmentation) or with normotrophic scarring (10 patients) that were cosmetically acceptable. Within the next 2 years of the follow-up no relapses were observed. Conclusion: Thus, we proposed an efective method of diferentiated approach to PDT of typical and atypical keratoacanthomas based on one PDT session with an intralesional administration of Radachlorin at a dose of 0.75 mg/cm3 of the tumor, with the intensity of irradiation of 0.39 Wt/cm2. The light dose density for typical keratoacanthomas is 50 J/cm2 and for atypical ones, 300 J/cm2.

Reliably established a causal role of human papillomavirus in the formation of condylomata acuminate. In 10% of people with the human papilloma virus develops condylomata acuminate, which can be transformed into malignant tumors. The most common treatment of condylomata acuminate is a conservative treatment, namely, the local chemical or physical destruction of the lesions and immunotherapy. With the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment resort to surgical excision. At the same time the traditional methods of treatment condylomata acuminate associated with high rates of recurrence. Moreover, these treatments are often associated with significant risk of bleeding, ulceration and scarring. The emergence of new methods of diagnosis and treatment of condylomata acuminate – fluorescence diagnosis and photodynamic therapy has opened up new opportunities to improve the treatment of this pathology. Topical administration of photosensitizers during photodynamic therapy is more convenient and less phototoxic and broaden the range of clinical applications of this technology in the medical dermatology. An increasing amount of evidence that photodynamic therapy with topical application of the photosensitizer is highly effective in the treatment of a variety of benign skin diseases, including condylomata acuminataca, for which traditional methods are ineffective treatment. However, many parameters of photodynamic therapy of this disease has not yet been optimized. It is necessary to conduct large-scale clinical studies on the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy of condylomata acuminatain order to standardize the treatment parameters.

Characteristics of diagnosis and treatment of different types of primary vaginal cancer are highlighted, the role and place of brachytherapy as independent method or combined treatment modality for this pathology is shown in the review. Epidemiological data on incidence of vaginal cancer in Russia are represented, presumptive mechanisms for development of the disease, risk factors, histological types, features of the course, clinical presentation, diagnostic algorithm are described. Treatment methods for primary vaginal cancer according to world standards such as surgery, radiotherapy and systemic drug therapy are covered. Specifics of radiological methods of treatment (low-dose rate and high-dose rate brachytherapy, including the combination with external beam radiotherapy) according to the stage of the disease, are shown in details. The results of several large foreign clinical trials for efficiency of different methods of radiotherapy are discussed. The combination of brachytherapy on primary tumor with external radiation therapy to the lymph nodes was confirmed to be the most effective modality. The conclusion on opportunities of different methods of radiotherapy in treatment of vaginal cancer was made.

The study of the functional morphology of rat sarcoma M-1 after photodynamic therapy using bacteriopurpurinimide disulfide derivative (disulfide-BPI) as a photosensitizer is described. The research methods included immunohistochemistry for PCNA and CD31, evaluation of mitotic activity and apoptosis of tumor cells, as well as computer analysis of microscopic images. Photoinduced antitumor effect was shown to be due to the destruction of sarcoma M-1 vascular bed, the rapid inhibition of proliferative activity and devitalization of tumor cells by apoptosis and necrosis. It is reasonable to suppose that in the early stages after photodynamic therapy destruction of the microvasculature and photocytostatic shock of tumor cells with subsequent development of necrosis are caused by direct influence of the light flux on sensitized cellular elements in parenchyma and stroma of tumors. The efficiency of photodynamic therapy with the novel photosensitizer is determined by the sequence of destructive and inflammatory changes in tumor parenchyma and surrounding tissues, as well as repopulation potential of tumor cells survived after treatment.

The review is devoted to application of brachytherapy for treating the localized prostate cancer (PC). Statistics for incidence and detectability of this pathology and its dynamics for recent years are represented. Brief analysis of other methods which are conveniently used for treatment of PC, such as radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiotherapy, was performed. Advantages and disadvantages of these methods have been discussed. Brief history about the development of brachytherapy from first experience to wide-spread use in clinical practice is reported. The detailed review of series of large trials from Russia and other countries for efficiency and safety of brachytherapy in patients with prostate cancer for recent 15 years is also represented. Two types of brachytherapy in current clinical oncology i.e. low-dose technique with permanent implantation of microsources and high-dose temporary isotope implantation, specifics of its application in different groups of patients have been described. The procedure of brachytherapy and its three main steps i.e. planning, implantation and control assessment after implantation have been characterized in details. The conclusion about benefits of using of brachytherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer as minimally invasive and efficient method was made.

Abstract:The Operative Information Support Service for Scientific Research of the Medical Radiological Research Center named after A. F. Tsyb — Branch of the FSBI «National Medical Research Radiological Center” of the RF Health Ministry presented a report on providing off-budget support for scientific activities over the period from 1993 to 2014 using domestic and foreign information resources. The dynamics of employee activities in institutional sectors with aim to receive financial support for fundamental and applied scientific research on a competitive and non-competitive basis was given. The analysis of the obtained data indicated that a multi-channeling in off-budget funding was formed. It also showed to some extent a situation at the open market of grants in the field of medical radiology, radiobiology, and radiation epidemiology among leading investors in intellectual products.