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The article presents modern approaches to mastoid obliteration in cases of chronic purulent otitis media with cholesteatoma, published in peer-reviewed russian and foreign journals from 2017 to 2021. The review tells us about effect of mastoid cavity obliteration on reducing the recurrence of cholesteatoma, improving the quality of life of patients according to the results of international questionnaires and the effect of surgery on hearing in the long-term postoperative period. An analysis of the use of autologous and biocompatible materials in middle ear surgery is presented. Their safety and ease of use during surgical intervention were evaluated.

The objective of the present study was to characterize the epidemiological variants of tympanosclerosis and the effectiveness of the surgical treatment of the patients presenting with this condition. We have undertaken the analysis of the results of 1965 surgical interventions on the patients suffering from different forms of chronic otitis media (COM) performed during the period from 2009 till 2014 with a view to determining the frequency of tympanosclerosis (TSC). In 542 cases, it proved possible to evaluate the intraoperative findings, stages and methods of reconstructive surgery, the anatomical and functional outcomes and effectiveness of the intervention. At present, the signs of tympanosclerosis are identified in 27.6% of the patients presenting with chronic otitis media including 88.7% and 11.3% suffering from the perforating and non-perforating forms of this pathology, respectively. In 74% of the cases its manifestations are diagnosed in the patients having the tubotympanic form of COM. In 53.3% of the patients TSC foci are responsible for the fixation of the ossicular chain whereas in 46.7% of the cases the auditory ossicles retain mobility. As many as 88.6% of the patients underwent the one-step surgical intervention, 10.7% were managed using two-step surgery, and 0.7% of the patients were given the three-stage treatment. Type I tympanoplasty was performed in 62% of the patients, type III tympanoplasty in 30.4%, and various types of stapedoplasty in 4.6% of the cases. The favourable anatomical and functional outcomes at the first stage of the surgical intervention with the use of the autogenous tissues for tympano- and ossiculoplastic surgery were achieved in 87.9% of the patients on the average (by means of the closure of the tympanic defect in 92.2% and by re-fixation of the selected elements of the ossicular chain in 17.3%of the cases). The anatomical and functional effectiveness of the second-stage surgical intervention was estimated at 93.1%.

The objective of the present study was to estimate the results of primary tympanoplasty of extended tympanic defects in the patients presenting with chronic mesotympanitis. The results of the surgical treatment of 68 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (mesotympanitis) by primary tympanoplasty of extended tympanic defects. Tympanoplasty was performed with the use of a 0.2-0.3 mm cartilage plate from which a number of fragments mobile relative to one another were formed by an original method. Good clinical and anatomical results were obtained in 90.4% of the treated patients within 24 months after surgery. Moreover, the number of patients with socially adequate hearing increased up to 86.5% during the same period. The bone-air interval was reduced from 30 to 10 dB at all observation time-points.

This review of the current Russian-language and foreign literature is centered on the problem of hearing-enhancing operations in the children. The detailed data on tympanoplasty and myringoplasty are presented in conjunction with the indications and contraindications for these surgical interventions. Selected stages of operations are described with special reference to complicated cases. The factors determining the postoperative prognosis are discussed. The opinions of foreign and domestic authors, including debatable ones, are considered.

The objective of the present work was to estimate the possibilities of the application of platelet-enriched plasma as a filtering material for ossiculoplasty. The results of surgical interventions on 120 patients presenting with chronic suppurative otitis media are reported. All the patients underwent closed-type sanation surgery (differential atticoanthrotomy) including either complete or partial restoration of the sound conduction mechanism in the middle ear. Platelet-enriched plasma was applied into the tympanic cavity of 55 patients as a fixing material for the reconstruction of the chain of the auditory ossicles. Ossiculoplasty without additional fixation was performed in 65 patients comprising the control group. The results of the study indicate that a clot of platelet-enriched plasma may be a good fixing material for the reconstruction of the entire chain of auditory ossicles and can be used for all types of ossiculopasty.

The author presents statistical information concerning the prevalence of chronic purulent otitis media. Characteristics of typical complaints are described with special reference to cochlear-vestibular disorders in patients presenting with epitympanitis. The results of detailed analysis of the causes of cochlear-vestibular disorders in the patients with chronic purulent otitis media during the preoperative and postoperatve periods are reported.

The objective of this work was to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of selected tympanoplastic stages under the endoscopic control during the surgical treatment of 93 patients presenting with chronic otitis media. The endoscopic techniques has indisputable advantages over traditional surgical microscopy when applied to elucidate the character and extent of the pathological process in the middle ear. This method allows to reveal granulation and cholesteatoma in difficult of access pockets and folds of the middle ear without enlargement of the extent of surgical intervention, to evaluate the "continuity" of the chain of auditory ossicles, etc. At the same time the use of an endoscope during performance of the majority of tympanoplastic procedures creates some difficulties related to the necessity of regular cleaning of the instrument and the impossibility of application of the bimanual technique.