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The article is devoted to the history of the Chinese population in the East Siberian border region with China, Transbaikal, in the 1930s. The particular position of this border region determined the specific formation of this Chinese population. The transfer of the Transbaikal region from the Far Eastern region back to the administrative unit of Siberia in the 1930s strengthened the Siberian regional features of the development of the Chinese community, and meant that the Far Eastern nationality policy was not applied to this community. The development of this community was influenced by the fact that in the 1930s, the state border with Manchuria was completely closed. The Manchukuo state, along with the Republic of China, had its official representatives in Chita. In the early 1930s the size of the Chinese population in Transbaikal reached a maximum, and in the Chita region its share in relation to the total population was equal to that in the Far Eastern regions. In the 1930s the working and living conditions of the majority of Chinese workers were difficult: they faced discrimination and were poorly adapted to the socio-political realities of Stalin's system. Initially the Bolsheviks carried out an active policy towards the Chinese that was aimed at their ideological and political re-education and the improving of their living and working conditions. In the second half of the 1930s, however, this policy changed, and political education and the development of a Soviet Chinese culture were no longer prominent. The Chinese began to be perceived as a national community disloyal to the Soviet regime, as real or potential agents of Japan and Kuomintang China. In 1936 began the exposure of Chinese spies, and in 1937-1939 the Soviet Chinese were fully subjected to the tyranny of the Soviet secret services and punitive agencies, and suffered greatly from political repression. By the late 1930s the number of Chinese in Transbaikal had decreased by almost a third; however, the situation was different from that in the border regions of the Far East in so far as there was no mass eviction of Chinese from the Transbaikal area.

The paper deals with the publication of materials with more than 200 years of history, deposited in the archives of the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg. The materials in question are several schemes and a drawing from the “Album of Drawings of Various Siberian Antiquities” by P.K. Frolov. There are two Mongolian sites of the 13th–14th centuries which are known as Khirkhira fortress and Konduy town located in the southeast of Zabaykalsky Krai. A comparison of historical information and graphic materials from the album demonstrated that the time of their preparation cannot be dated to the period of P.K. Frolov’s official trip to Nerchinsk factories in 1798–1800. According to a comparison of the figure captions by P.K. Frolov with the construction start date of the Konduisky temple erected in honor of the Holy Mother and the saint martyrs Cyricus and Julitta, the schemes of Konduy town could not have been eliminated earlier than 1806 since the building materials of the archaeological monument were used in the construction of the church and not later than 1817 when the collection was purchased by the Imperial Public Library. Nevertheless, the schemes and drawings from the “Siberian Album” are the first graphic source on the history of the region’s archaeological sites, have a high level of craftsmanship, and contain information that unfortunately has not survived until today. In 1818 the materials from Frolov's Siberian album were used by G.I. Spassky, probably with the author’s permission. He wrote a paper for the “Siberian Bulletin” journal, published by him in St. Petersburg, and was rather unsuccessful in making copies of the materials. The publication of Frolov's schemes and maps will make it possible to clarify and complement some of the current reconstructions proposed by Russian architects.

In 1735, the Academic brigade under G. F. Miller and I. G. Gmelin’s command went on a scientific expedition to Transbaikal. The researchers were to visit the most populated areas and industrial facilities. The route was determined by the density of population in the district and presence of scientifically significant objects of study, human-made or natural. The current article features the road diaries and journals that were left by the future academicians S. P. Krasheninnikov and A. Gorlanov, who were students at that time, and the notes compiled by I. Yakhontov, the translator for the brigade. Some of G. F. Miller’s scientific works, as well as his promemoria are mostly represented by business correspondence stored in the Transbaikalian State Archive. The content of the road diary entries is often very poor: they contain the names of the places they passed, the precise locations of bivouacs, fording sites, distance between verst posts, etc. It is the power of observation and responsibility to the Science Academy that made each individual researcher introduce brief but diverse descriptions of economic, ethnographic, or natural-climatic character. The expedition around the Transbaikal region lasted for almost half a year and resulted in a detailed description of the western, southern and south-eastern areas, while the eastern and northern territories of Transbaikal were not involved due to their inaccessibility and sparse population.

Relevance of the work is in identifing the sources of formation of rocks and ores of the Lubavinsky gold deposit. A characteristic feature of geological structure of the deposit is the close paragenetic relationship of gold mineralization with granodiorites (J2-3) and rocks of the dike complex (J3) (felsites, quartz porphyries, granodiorite-porphyry, diorite porphyrites, lamprophyres) of the Lubavinsky tectonic zone. Identification of spatial, age and genetic relationships of gold mineralization with magmatism is the key fundamental problem of metallogeny. The aim of the work is to discover the petrogeochemical features of rocks and ores, to identify sources of mineralization of the Lubavinsky deposit. Methods. X-ray fluorescence analysis was used (at GIN SB RAS, Ulan-Ude) for determining an element composition of rocks. Content of major elements was determined by the standard chemical method, concentrations of rare earth elements were determined using sorption-atomic-emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma (ISP-SAES) (at GIN SB RAS, Ulan-Ude). Determination of oxygen isotopic composition was performed using the MIR 10-30 equipment (at Common User Center, Irkutsk). The authors investigated sulfide sulfur isotopic composition and contents of Au and Ag at CUC SB RAS of multi-element and isotope investigation (Novosibirsk). Results. It was revealed that sulfide-quartz ores of the Lubavinsky deposit have a magmatic source. This is confirmed by the data on the isotopic oxygen content of ore-bearing sulfide-quartz veins, as well as sulfur isotopes of sulphides. The calculated isotope composition of oxygen in the fluid in equilibrium with the quartz of the productive stage (260-205 °C) varies from 2,69 to 10,26 ‰. Most of the calculated values fall within the range of +5,5 - +9,5 ‰, which corresponds to an aqueous fluid of magmatic nature. It was revealed that the fluids that deposited sulfides are characterized by the values of ơ34S, ‰ from -0,56 to + 6,44 ‰, which indicates a magmatic source of sulfur. The geochemical features of the intrusive rocks of the Lubavinsky deposit testify to the presence of a mantle component in them, which is confirmed by their correspondence to adakites. The formation of sulfide-quartz veins occurred in relation to evolution of differentiated, differently deep magmatic foci in varying degrees, as evidenced by the features of distribution of rare-earth elements in ores.

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The article analyzes the specificity of historical and patriotic work in the Zabaykalsky region. The focus is on the attitudes towards activities and goals of the search party “Khingan – Khalkhin-Gol” which was established in early 2012 at the Department of History of Transbaikal State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University.

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)