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Staff turnover is one of the most pressing problems faced by companies in the context of a growing shortage of staff. The article is devoted to the development of recommendations for improving staff turnover management based on HR analytics data. Based on the analysis of publications devoted to the problem of turnover, the main metrics that are used to analyze staff turnover are systematized. To expand the possibilities of justification and management decision-making, an assessment is given of the possibility of using the theory of personnel cycling, as well as a deeper study of turnover problems based on statistical methods. The developed recommendations can be used to analyze data on turnover in the company and develop measures aimed at improving the efficiency of the turnover management process.

This study was carried out as part of the development of psychodiagnostics tools for studying the proactive coping behavior in adolescents. Currently, there are few studies on proactive coping in adolescence, given the variety of studies on general coping behavior in adolescents. The aim of the study was to identify the psychometric properties of R. Schwarzer’s “Proactive Attitudes” scale, including its factor structure, internal consistency and validity, among adolescents. A total sample of 237 participants (117 girls and 120 boys) aged 11–15 years old (M=13.2; SD=1.41), was used. The scale consists of 8 questions and was designed to assess the level of proactive attitudes towards future events. The scale showed acceptable internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient α=0.78). Exploratory factor analysis revealed a one-factor structure for the scale (“Responsibility and independent choice”), using confirmatory factor analysis the one-factor structure of the scale was confirmed (χ²=34.17; CFI=0.959 acceptable, SRMR=0.041; SMSEA=0.069 with 90% confidence interval 0.032–0.104). The scale demonstrated satisfactory convergent validity. Average scores on the scale are presented, gender differences were not found. The “Proactive Attitudes” scale can be used as an effective tool for assessing a person’s proactive orientation in adolescence, and has acceptable psychometric indicators. The prospect of work should focus on standardizing of the scale for other age groups with different professional and social status, including clinical sample.

Depending on the 3D-printing orientation, the anisotropy of the elastic characteristics of the Inconel 625 alloy generated with selective laser sintering from powders is investigated. The impact of the original powder combination and the following heat treatment (post-printing treatment) on the anisotropy of the alloy elastic characteristics is assessed. As demonstrated, the suggested treatments can lessen the anisotropy of the alloy elastic characteristics. Based on knowledge of the elastic constants of the single crystal and x-ray texture features, the results of a theoretical estimation of the elastic and shear moduli, Poisson’s ratio, and their anisotropy in the horizontal and vertical directions of 3D printing are provided. As demonstrated, the obtained theoretical values differ by 6–10% from the corresponding experimental values. The calculated stress–strain state can be more accurately calculated with the use of the estimated elastic characteristics and their anisotropy. The strategy for 3D-printing complicated components from Inconel 625 alloy may be made more effective.

School shootings, defined as acts of mass armed violence perpetrated within educational institutions, elicit significant media attention. This extensive coverage, however, raises concerns regarding its potential contribution to the “copycat effect”, where subsequent crimes are inspired by media portrayals of previous incidents. Furthermore, media narratives can significantly influence public perceptions of both the victims and the perpetrators involved. This study aims to analyze the narrative of school shooting within four key categories: victim portrayal, perpetrator description, perceived motives, and the act itself. The results reveals a dominant narrative structure that closely follows the chronological sequence of the perpetrator’s actions. This mirroring effect, likely driven by the inherent demands of streaming media formats, results in a construction of victim narratives “through the lens” of the perpetrator. Consequently, information regarding the perpetrators and their actions tends to dominate the media landscape, potentially overshadowing the experiences and perspectives of the victims. These findings carry significant implications for the development of ethical guidelines within journalism and professional standards for reporting on mass gun violence in schools. Moreover, the identified patterns in media narratives could serve as valuable input for developing mathematical models that explore the potential link between media representations of school shootings and the occurrence of copycat crimes.

In this work, a charge particle beam transport in a corona discharge ion source with a thin diaphragm focusing system taking into account the gas-dynamic flow in the vicinity of the nozzle has been studied experimentally. The space of influence of the gas-dynamic flow on the ion transport in the vicinity of the nozzle was shown not to exceed two nozzle diameters. The results of comparing the efficiency of the ion beam transport in the ion source with using the focusing system and without it are presented. Using the focusing system allowed one to triple the current entering the collector and to raise the sum of currents entering the nozzle and collector by an order of magnitude.

Nowadays, the issues of human occupation of the South-Eastern Baltic, in particular, the territory of the Kaliningrad region, are poorly studied. However, the accumulation of knowledge about the initial appearance of human being in the region has a rich history. Finds belonging to the Final Paleolithic were first identified here as early as the beginning of the XX century. A detailed description of all materials belonging to the Stone Age was made by 1937. The variety of items made of bone and antler allowed researchers of the first half of the XX century to identify the initial stage of human occupation of the region using both typological and palynological methods. In the second half of the XX century, a series of locations with flint artifacts were discovered, and excavations were carried out systematically at one of them – Nikolskoye IV. Based on the results of AMS-dating of two reindeer antlers from the territory of the Kaliningrad region, the oldest dates for the South-Eastern Baltic were obtained, which refer to the last glacial maximum. The article presents brief results of the research in the XX–XXI centuries of the issues of human occupation of the Kaliningrad region according to archival and published data, and outlines prospects for further research.

These days, management studies and domestic economic and sociological research frequently employ the term “driver.” Additionally, this concept’s cognitive capacity is significantly reduced by the lack of an agreed-upon definition. The article’s purpose is to demonstrate the concept of “drivers” heuristic potential for sociological analysis of issues related to the growth of sociohumanitarian research in Russian universities. Three components of the university’s social structure—academic ethics compliance, graduate school, and online academic communities— are regarded as internal drivers of socio-humanitarian research in Russian universities after firstconceptualizing the term “driver” from the standpoint of sociological theory. Study design. This is a pilot project that uses secondary data analysis as its foundation. The information theory developed by K. Shannon provides the theoretical framework that enables us to identify the characteristics of the driver that set it apart from other system mediating components. The frameworks of institutional analysis and the theory of social action are used in the process of sociological conceptualization. This enables us to draw attention to the social system’s motivator’s subjective element. Results. A general definition of the concept of a driver is given, and two of its key attributes — its requirement and information recoding — are emphasized. It is demonstrated that the sociological reading of the driver is linked to an evaluation of the degree of functionality of the effects of its operation on the social structure. The personal qualities of the individuals involved in its work define the nature of these consequences. In this sense, the driver can influence the social system’s growth as well as its stagnation. University research can be internally motivated by a variety of factors, such as upholding academic ethics standards, successfully implementing postgraduate programs, and founding and moderating online academic communities. The novelty of the results obtained is associated with the implementation of technical terms into socio-humanitarian knowledge, which made it possible to give a more rigorous definition of the concept of driver in relation to the analysis of social changes and processes. The article will be of interest to science administrators at universities.

Introduction. The research is aimed at obtaining a lime composition and coating based on it for the restoration of cultural heritage sites. Materials and methods. We used for study slaked lime (fluff) with an activity of 83%. Sunbo PC 1021 (a superplasticizer based on polycarboxylate ether), MasterGlenium 115 and Sika ViscoCrete-226 P were used as plasticizing additives. The cohesive strength of the coatings was determined by the axial tensile strength. Rheological properties were assessed by plastic strength, which was determined using a KP-3 conical plastometer. Results and discussions. It was revealed that the introduction of polysaccharide additives contributes to a sharp increase in plastic strength compared to the control composition. The additive Sika ViscoCrete-226 P has the greatest plasticizing effect. It was revealed that the qualitative mineralogical composition of lime composites is the same. However, analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns indicates an increase in the intensity of CaCO3 reflections, which indicates an increase in the carbonization front. Control samples contain higher amounts of portlandite. A slight increase in the width of the CaCO3 peaks is observed, which indicates the possible introduction of organic molecules into the calcite composition. A change in the parameters of the crystal lattice was established in samples prepared with slaked lime in the presence of polysaccharides. Conclusion. The absence of chemical interaction between lime and polysaccharides has been established. It has been shown that coatings based on lime compositions with the addition of polysaccharides are characterized by higher cohesive strength. A change in the parameters of the crystal lattice was established in samples prepared with slaked lime in the presence of polysaccharides.

On October 21, 2024, Alexander Alekseevich Vybornov turns 70. He devoted most of his life to studying the Stone Age of the Volga-Kama region and adjacent territories. The proposed note is devoted to the description of the main milestones of the birthday boy's scientific activity. Information is provided about his work at the history department of the Kuibyshev / Samara Pedagogical University. The main stages of field expeditionary activities aimed at studying archaeological monuments in the vast territory of the European part of Russia are noted. Information is provided on the scientific and organizational work of the hero of the day, preparation and participation in numerous conferences and supervision of the writing of dissertations. The key areas of scientific work of Alexander Alekseevich and the topics of the most significant articles and monographs.

This article looks at academic deviation practices from the viewpoint of graduate students, as well as whether or not they find certain types of deviant behavior in science and education acceptable. The theoretical framework consisted of two mutually exclusive approaches to the interpretation of academic deviations: the normativist R. Descartes and the epistemic anarchism of P. Feyerabend. The study purpose is to evaluate graduate students in socio-humanitarian scientific specializations regarding the prevalence and attitude toward academic deviation. Main hypothesis: postgraduate students’ views regarding academic deviations, especially plagiarism, fall on a continuum, ranging from total denial to total acceptance. Research design: quantitativequalitative. Empirical base: online survey (1276 respondents, including 185 graduate students), 5 focus groups. Methods of analysis: cluster analysis using the k-nearest neighbors method, qualitative analysis of focus group materials. Main results. It was discovered that creating crib sheets was the most prevalent form of academic deviation among graduate students. Of the respondents, 66% selected “often” and “very often” as their options. The purchase of exams, abstracts, and coursework showed the least amount of variation. Ten percent of those surveyed said that graduate students used plagiarism frequently or extremely frequently. Based on their attitudes regarding plagiarism, five distinct groups could be identified using cluster analysis, three of which would be more tolerant of it. Simultaneously, two of the five groups place the blame on students, and three see plagiarism as a result of the educational system’s failure to some extent. Directions for further research are related to the analysis of other forms of deviation, for example, practices of academic collusion within a university, as well as a description of the objective reasons for graduate students committing academic deviations, consideration of the prevalence of academic deviations of graduate students as a sign of a crisis in the normative foundations of the institution of graduate school.

Objective. Technologies of vacuum dehydration of solutions in the microwave field are constantly developing in the direction of increasing the energy efficiency of the drying process and reducing the cost of target products. This scientific direction fully applies to vacuum microwave drying of soy suspension in a foamed state. In this regard, the most important task is to improve mathematical modeling, which provides significant assistance in the study of heat and mass transfer processes occurring in vacuum dryers with microwave power supply; in the design of new installations and the development of effective modes of their operation; the development of optimal modes of vacuum drying foamed soy suspension, taking into account thermophysical and electrophysical characteristics. Method. The research is based on computer simulation methods. Result. Using the results of previous studies, a mathematical apparatus was obtained for finding the temperature in a foamy product during vacuum microwave drying. Its difference from existing mathematical models lies in the possibility of using simple methods for analyzing differential equations with fewer unknown variables. A method of numerical and analytical solution of a mathematical model of the process of vacuum microwave drying of foamed suspension is proposed. Experimental verification showed quite satisfactory convergence of the simulation results with an error of 10-12%. Conclusion. The study of numerical methods for solving the formulated problem makes it possible to determine the temperature at any point of the soybean suspension, taking into account the thermophysical and electrical characteristics of the suspension in a wide range of operating parameters.

The article is devoted to highlighting the topical issues related to the subject matter of the crime violation of the procedure for transplantation of human anatomical materials established by law. Based on the analysis of Ukrainian legislation and scientific works of Ukrainian scientists, the author offers own vision of the issue related to the subject matter of the analysed crime, namely: the author considers the maximum permissible terms of transportation and optimal storage periods for such organs as heart, kidneys, liver, left and right lobes of the liver, lung, and homograft. In addition, the author considers the definition of “anatomical materials”, expresses an opinion on the concept of transplantation of human anatomical material and offers own vision on the subject matter of the analysed crime. The author proposes to: 1) to introduce to Part 1 of Article 143 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine a qualifying feature i.e., the prohibition to use human anatomical materials which are not healthy or unsuitable for transplantation with violation of the term of their use; 2) to restate paragraph 1 of Part 1 of Article 299 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine as follows: “Cruel treatment of animals belonging to vertebrates, including homeless animals, violation of animals transportation rules, if such actions resulted in bodily injury, mutilation or death of an animal, illegal removal of organs or tissues from live animals, that belong to the vertebrates, setting animals against each other, committed for hooligan or mercenary motives, as well as propaganda, public calls for actions that have signs of cruelty to animals, distribution of materials calling for such actions – …”. It is also advisable to include DNA and DNA fragments in the list of human anatomical material, and to approve a separate list of human cells allowed for extraction, namely DNA and DNA fragments, in the relevant order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. To include DNA and DNA fragments in the list of human anatomical material in the Law of Ukraine “On the Application of Transplantation of Human Anatomical Materials” dated 17 May 2018 No. 2427-VIII and to amend the subject matter of the crime in respect of DNA and DNA fragments.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations of different variants of AOX1 and CYP1A2 genes with safety parameters of favipiravir therapy in patients with COVID-19. Material and Methods. The study included 86 patients hospitalized at Moscow Clinical Hospital No. 15 with a COVID-19 diagnosis who received favipiravir as etiotropic therapy. Frequency of adverse reactions (bradycardia, dyspeptic disorders, increased transaminase levels) and various laboratory parameters (levels of ALT, AST, leukocytes) were compared between the carriers of «wild» and polymorphic variants of the genes studied after administration of the drug. The dynamics of these indicators before and after the therapy depending on the carriage of the variants of the genes studied were also compared. Results. There was no significant difference in the frequency of ad- verse reactions and laboratory parameters between the carriers of various variants of the studied genes. Haplotype analysis of the combination of different gene variants also did not reveal associations with therapy safety parameters. Upon the comparison of the parameters before and after treatment, an increase in the level of AST was noted in carriers of the AA genotype for both studied loci of the AOX1 gene (P=0.018 и P=0.009). At the same time, the level of AST increased in carriers of polymorphic variants of the CYP1A2*F1 gene (P=0.024). Leukocyte number increase was noted in carriers of polymorphic variants of AOX1 (rs10931910) (P=0.044), as well as «wild» genotypes AOX1 (rs55754655) (P=0.002) and CYP1A2*F1 (P=0.05). Conclusion. The associations of carriers of different AOX1 and CYP1A2 gene variants on the dynamics of AST and leukocytes in patients with COVID-19 after favipiravir therapy were revealed.

Мета - проаналізувати дані літератури щодо особливостей булінгу в дітей, його вплив на психічне і фізичне здоров’я; визначити шляхи подолання і заходи профілактики наслідків цього стану під час воєнного вторгнення в Україну. Проведено пошук даних у наукометричних базах, зроблено огляд сучасної вітчизняної і зарубіжної медичної літератури, періодичних публікацій та офіційних електронних ресурсів. Огляд літератури показав, що проблеми шкільного булінгу і пов’язані з ним наслідки погіршують не тільки психічне і фізичне здоров’я, але й чинять негативний вплив на якість освіти підростаючого покоління. Наведено та проаналізовано статистику булінгу щодо кількості складених адміністративних протоколів у школах України за 2019-2023 рр. При цьому правозахисними організаціями відмічено, що в умовах воєнного стану булінг модифікувався і став латентним. Наголошено, що випадки булінгу мають причинно-наслідковий зв’язок із психічним та фізичним здоров’ям у дорослому віці. Зазначено, що з 2020 р. в Україні та в цілому по світі відзначається Міжнародний день боротьби з насильством і булінгом у школі. Описано форми боулінгу, типи агресії та стилі поведінки. Відмічено, що серед вагомих причин поширення булінгу є, на жаль, його ігнорування дорослими. Акцентовано, що найчастіше від булінгу потерпають діти, які чимось відрізняються від інших. Зазначено, що в умовах воєнного стану шкільний булінг виникає частіше щодо тимчасово переміщених осіб. Підкреслено, що вирішення проблеми шкільного булінгу можливе за умови дотримання в роботі принципу комплексності між адміністрацією закладу, її працівниками та батьками. Наведено основні суб’єкти у сфері запобігання та протидії насильству, які надають допомогу за межами освітніх установ. Показано, що допомога та профілактика булінгу полягає в тому, щоб навчити дитину протистояти віктимізації. Відмічено роль шкільної медсестри в мультидисциплінарній команді медиків у подоланні проблем шкільного булінгу та його наслідків. Виокремлено рекомендації для пошуку інформації щодо організацій, які займаються проблемами булінгу, на сайті Міністерства освіти і науки України. Вказано, що найефективнішими діями, які сприяють зниженню кількості випадків насильства в освітньому середовищі, є проведення систематичних просвітницьких заходів із ненасильницької поведінки, впровадження якісних профілактичних програм та пропагування антибулінгової політики. Автори заявляють про відсутність конфлікту інтересів.

The article examines the problems of anti-corruption activity of public organizations in EU countries as well. The prerequisites for the formation and main components of the anti-corruption policy are analyzed. As a methodological basis for the analysis of the participation of civil society in anti-corruption activity, the concepts of collective action as an analytical construct that explains the functioning of civil society, as well as the model of universalism-particularism, which are relevant for the analysis of corruption and anti-corruption policy, are proposed in EU countries. The interaction of government, business and civil society structures is analyzed. The concept of «collective action» is related to the psychological concept of «collective action». Analyzed practices and main problems of participation in the fight against corruption.

Objective. The aim of the study is to formulate a mathematical model of the process of vacuum microwave drying to determine the temperature fields in foamed suspensions. With the obvious advantages of microwave drying in a vacuum, the possibility of overheating of the dried material is not excluded, which affects its quality. Therefore, the limitation on the temperature of the material during drying must be taken into account in the simulation.Method. The study is based on the methods of simulation computer modeling.Result. The formulation of the modeling problem for determining the temperature fields in foamed suspensions in a wide range of regime parameters is proposed.Conclusion. Increasing the accuracy of simulation results by improving the mathematical description is the basis of modern research in the field of technology and equipment for vacuum microwave drying.

Objective. To analyze long-term results of treatment of a patient with recurrent lumbar aspergillosis and to systematize the literature data. Material and Methods. Long-term follow-up results of treatment of recurrent Aspergillus spondylitis in a 48-year-old patient who underwent primary surgery for reconstruction of the anterior spinal column through the anterior approach were studied. Literature data on the treatment of spinal aspergillosis from 2000 to 2022 were systematized. Results. The key method for the etiological verification of spinal aspergillosis is percutaneous bone biopsy from the lesion, followed by histological and bacteriological examination of the material. Isolated anterior spinal column reconstruction through the anterior approach ensures the achievement of local control of the infection process, but a short course of antimycotic chemotherapy after surgery is a factor of disease recurrence. The optimal duration of antimycotic chemotherapy in the postoperative period is at least 3 months, with voricon- azole being the drug of choice. Conclusion. Spondylitis caused by Aspergillus spp. is a special form of inflammatory spine disease requiring obligatory percutaneous bone biopsy for etiological verification. A multidisciplinary therapeutic approach including a course of conservative antimycotic therapy for at least 3 months, surgical debridement and reconstruction of the affected spinal motion segments provide the best clinical results.

The aim of the study is to create a virtual test bench, consisting of optimal design parameters that provide the maximum approximation of the real drying process to the experimental data.Method. Methods of modeling, formalized description, optimal design and management of technological processes and productions are applied. Result. A virtual test bench has been developed that allows real-time determination of the design parameters of drum-type dryers depending on the kinetic patterns of the drying process of various grain crops. As an object of study, the design of a two-section drum dryer was used, each section of which is equipped with a profile channel nozzle that provides a transverse supply of the drying agent through the pouring movable layer of the dispersed product to be dried. An algorithm for calculating the drying process is presented, which makes it possible to determine the fields of temperature and moisture content of grain in a wide range of regime parameters. With the use of CAD, a computer model of this installation was made with the possibility of autonomous rotation and movement of the drums relative to each other. A diagram of the synchronized operation of the moving elements of the installation under conditions of operational reconfiguration of its design in accordance with changes in the kinetic curves has been drawn up.Conclusion. The presented virtual test stand adequately and with high accuracy allows simulating the process of drying materials in a drum dryer; allows you to test the operation of a drum dryer at the development stage, conduct experiments with the highest possible accuracy, select the optimal drying modes for various materials with minimal energy consumption.

Background. Deep surgical site infection (DSSI) is one of the most severe complications in spinal surgery. The timing and nature of DSSI are the determining criteria in the choice of treatment tactics. The uniqueness of the clinical observation is the combination of early DSSI, epidural abscess and angular kyphotic deformity formed after a course of conservative antibacterial therapy in a patient who underwent surgery for degenerative-dystrophic disease of the cervical spine. Correction of angular kyphosis, removal of fractured vertebrae, interbody implants and three-column cervical reconstruction were performed in one surgical session. Case presentation. A 57-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic after staged surgical interventions on the cervical spine for multilevel degenerative stenosis of the spinal canal. The primary surgical interventions were complicated by DSSI in the early period after the second surgery with formation of angular kyphosis of the cervical spine. The patient underwent revision one-stage reconstructive intervention to correct the deformity, decompress the spinal canal, and three-column reconstruction of C3-7 segments. Long-term follow-up showed persistent reduction of pain syndrome, improved quality of life and absence of recurrence of DSSI. Conclusion. The presented case illustrates the possibilities of one-stage revision three-column cervical spine reconstruction for correction of sagittal profile, decompression of intracanal neural structures and ensuring stability of operated segments. Use of DSSI treatment algorithms based on Prinz V. and Vajkoczy P. classification contributes to the selection of the optimal tactics of patient management.

Мета роботи: виявлення закономірностей та ключових факторів стійкості України в умовах збройного повномасштабного вторгнення з боку Російської Федерації. Метод дослідження: аналізу та синтезу подій в Україні. Результати дослідження: виявлено ключові фактори національної стійкості. Теоретична цінність дослідження: результати дослідження доповнюють вже існуючі теоретичні дослідження в сфері національної стійкості, а також дозволили сформувати ключові фактори національної стійкості шляхом аналізу реальних подій в умовах війни, яка за масштабами перевершила всі військові конфлікти на європейському континенті після Другої Світової Війни. Практична цінність дослідження: в межах дослідження наведені практичні заходи уряду та громадян України, а також країн-партнерів, які дозволили зберегти українську державність і чинити ефективний опір агресії з боку Російської Федерації.

Modern research in the field of sociology of science is becoming more complicated due to the constantly growing publication activity of authors. To track trends in sectoral sociology, scientists turn to scientometric methods, but they are not enough. Trends in the development of the sociology of values as a branch of sociology are the subject of the study. The purpose of the work is an assessment of the possibilities of using natural language analysis methods (NLP/NLA) for thematic and theoretical clustering of research in the sociology of values. The design of the study was quantitative and qualitative, it was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, 121 abstracts of a scientific articles were analyzed using text mining, after which their total array was divided into clusters. At the second stage, the results of machine clustering were examined by the method of qualitative text analysis, on the basis of which the limitations and capabilities of the NLP/NLA method were identified for solving the problem of clustering scientific texts. It was found that articles with a more conservative core of theoretical categories (gender studies, migration studies, the theory of globalism) are more amenable to clustering, while theories with a loosely structured and fluid theoretical core (theories using environmental terminology, theories of inequality) are much less amenable to explicit clustering. The results obtained allow us to form a new direction of work with large arrays of scientific texts, associated with their clustering using NLP/NLA. Building clusters enables researchers to work with all texts in a given subject area, and not just with the most cited ones. This, in turn, provides the visibility of all scientific ideas, including those that have not gained popularity/notability.

Objective. To study the antibacterial activity of lysostaphin against staphylococci various species, as well as its effect on the viability of Vero cells. Materials and Methods. Lysostaphin was obtained by genetic engineering. Purification of the protein was carried out on SP-sepharose, the purity was determined by electrophoresis in PAGE by Lamley. The susceptibility to lysostaphin of 9 species 175 strains of staphylococci was studied. Identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS, antibiotic susceptibility by EUCAST (v. 11.0). The MIC of lysostaphin was studied by the method of serial dilutions with concentrations between 0.015 and 512 mg/l. For 72 hours, the viability of Vero cells with lysostaphin at concentrations of 0.5-32.0 mg/l was determined by the MTT method with counting of living cells according to their growth curve. The results were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. Results. A kinetic study of S. aureus growth in the presence of revealed an inhibitory effect of endopeptidase (MIC 0.06 mg/l). Lysostaphin was characterized by pronounced activity against clinical methicillinsensitive S. aureus. The MIC ranged between 0.03 and 0.5 mg/l and the MIC50/90 was 0.125/0.5 mg/l. For methicillin-resistant S. aureus MIC50/90 0.25/0.5 mg/l. The MIC50 for MRSE was 2 times higher than for MSSE – 1 mg/l. The maximum MIC value was determined against isolates of S. warneri and S. hominis – 64 mg/l, the lowest for S. saprophyticus – 0.5 mg/l. MIC50 of lysostaphin against MRSA was 4 times lower than that of vancomycin, MIC90 was 3 times lower. Differences in viable cells depending on the concentration of lysostaphin were not found. Conclusions. Significant activity of lysostaphin against staphylococci was revealed, which is several times higher than vancomycin against MRSA. Lysostaphin was also effective against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The high anti-staphylococcal activity and cytocompatibility of lysostaphin are promising for its further study in the prevention and treatment of staphylococcal orthopedic infections.

Background. Balanced feeding with timely supplemental feeding implementation ensures optimal rates of physical and psychomotor development. It is the most effective way for preventing chronic non-communicable diseases and programming health during human life.Objective. The aim of the study is to analyze the timing of the supplemental feeding administration in infants regarding their physical development.Methods. Online questionnaire was developed via Google Forms. Responses from mothers of 108 children aged from 5 months to 3 years were analyzed. Physical development was evaluated via the WHO Anthro program.Results. The timing of first supplemental feeding implementation corresponded to the Optimizing program on infants feeding in Russian Federation (2019) in 89.8% (n = 97) of cases, after 6 months — 6.5% (n = 7) of cases, and before 4 months — 3.7% (n = 4) of cases. The first supplemental feeding most commonly was vegetable puree (65.7%; n = 71), less often — porridge (18.5%; n = 20), or fruit puree (13.9%; n = 15). The meat puree was implemented after 8 months in 57.4% (n = 62) of cases. The mean of z-score for the body mass index to age ratio in children with late supplemental feeding implementation was − 1.1 ± 0.58. It has turned out to be significantly lower than in case of timely administration: 0.08 ± 0.11; p ≤ 0.05.Conclusion. Late supplemental feeding administration (especially foods with high biological value) resulted in nutritional status violation through body weight deficiency in children both on breastfeeding and formula feeding.

Мета роботи: метою статті є розвиток існуючих методичних підходів щодо оцінювання воєнно-економічних спроможностей країни в умовах війни та мирного стану. Дизайн/Метод/Підхід дослідження: для реалізації мети дослідження проведено її декомпозицію та досліджено: існуючі підходи щодо оцінювання воєнно-економічного потенціалу країни, могутності країни та національної могутності; розкрито поняття критичного навантаження національної економіки; наведено загальноприйняті норми щодо фінансування оборонних потреб; наведено досвід фінансування потреб оборони провідними країнами світу – в умовах Другої Світової Війни; запропоновано методичний підхід щодо оцінювання воєнно-економічних спроможностей країни. Результати дослідження: у статті запропоновано методичний підхід щодо оцінювання воєнно-економічних спроможностей країни. Теоретична цінність дослідження: за результатами дослідження удосконалена існуюча теорія воєнної економіки у контексті розуміння допустимого навантаження на економіку країни в умовах війни та розвитку методичних підходів щодо оцінювання воєнно-економічних спроможностей країни. Запропонований методичний підхід є розвитком існуючої воєнно-економічної думки та воєнно-економічного планування на основі спроможностей. Практична цінність дослідження: запропонований методичний підхід дозволяє оцінити спроможності національної економіки щодо задоволення воєнно-економічних потреб в умовах війни за галузями економіки та видами військового забезпечення з урахуванням показника критичного навантаження на національну економіку, що допоможе спростити та покращити процес прийняття воєнно-політичних рішень. Оригінальність/Цінність дослідження: практична цінність дослідження полягає в тому, що запропонована методика оцінювання воєнно-економічних спроможностей країни дозволяє виявити критичні галузі економіки, оцінити їхні спроможності щодо ресурсного забезпечення військових потреб в умовах війни, на основі чого сформувати та прийняти відповідні управлінські рішення. Результати дослідження можуть бути використані в подальших дослідженнях проблем розвитку воєнно-економічного потенціалу країни, балансування військових та цивільних економічних потреб в умовах війни, а також воєнно-економічного планування на основі спроможностей. Обмеження дослідження/Майбутні дослідження: обмеження дослідження полягає у використанні джерел, що знаходяться у відкритому доступі. Майбутні дослідження вбачаються у подальшому розвитку методичних підходів щодо оцінювання та розвитку воєнно-економічного потенціалу країни. Тип статті: теоретичний, практичний.

Мета роботи: є демонстрація зв’язності набору моделей щодо управління в системах на основі спроможностей в межах відомих теорій (теорії систем, теорія суб'єктивного аналізу). Метод: було використано елементи теорії графів, теорії ймовірності, теорії оптимальності, сценарного підходу, моделі успішності та поняття “активної системи” з теорії суб’єктивного аналізу. Результати дослідження: у статті сформульовано проблемну ситуацію щодо розвитку оборонної системи країни; сформульовано задачу реформування системи оборони, як заходи з переведення системи із стану з незадовільними показниками у стан з задовільними показниками; надано формальний запис оцінки спроможності через умовні ймовірності декомпозиції загальної спроможності; надано опис формалізованого визначення завдань в межах типових сценаріїв оборонного планування; показано зв’язок між відомими моделями щодо управління в системах на основі спроможностей в межах відомих теорій (теорії систем, теорія суб'єктивного аналізу). Теоретична цінність дослідження: в статті було показано, що моделі управління на основі спроможностей є гармонійною частиною класичних моделей теорій систем. Практична цінність дослідження: результати роботи дозволяють значну кількість якісних досліджень у напрямку оборонного планування на основі спроможностей представити за допомогою інструментів формального аналізу. Майбутні дослідження: в статті розглянуто виклад частини задач управління на основі спроможностей на основі лише незначної частини найбільш відомих класичних моделей теорії систем. Подальший розвиток цього напрямку досліджень пов’язаний з формалізацією практичних прикладів щодо планування і оцінювання спроможностей із застосуванням запропонованих моделей. Тип статті: описовий, методичний.

The basis for conducting bioequivalence studies is the determination of the bioavailability of the active substance of the drug at its place of action by establishing the concentration of the drug in biological fluids using sensitive analytical techniques. The bioanalytical technique used should provide reliable results which would lead to satisfactory level of interpretation. To investigate the bioequivalence of rivastigmine preparations, an 8 times more sensitive method (compared to the data in the available literature) for the quantitative determination of rivastigmine in human blood plasma by HPLC-MS/MS was developed. Rivastigmine is extracted from plasma by precipitation of plasma proteins with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation of rivastigmine and the internal standard was carried out on a YMC Triart C18. 50×2.0 mm (1.9 µm) column in a gradient elution mode with a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. A 0.1% solution of ammonium hydroxide and acetonitrile were used as mobile phases. The lower limit of the quantitative determination of the method was 25 pg/ml.

Link for citation: Kopanitsa N.O., Demyanenko O.V., Kulikova A.A., Tkach E.V., Shestakov N.I., Stepina I.V. Secondary resources in production of composite building materials based on cement. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 10, рр. 49-60. In Rus. The relevance of the research is caused by the importance of the problem of rational use of natural resources in production of composite building materials. The possibility of partial replacement of natural non-renewable raw materials used in the production of multi-ton concrete and mortar mixtures based on cement with secondary products from the production of various industries will solve the problems of: resource saving, energy consumption and ecology. The construction industry is the largest consumer of by-products of mining enterprises: overburden and waste from mining and processing enterprises, which is hundreds of millions of tons per year. The most studied are the issues related to their use as fine and coarse aggregates in concrete and mortar mixtures for various purposes. The expansion of the possibility of using secondary products of mining enterprises in the production of composite building materials is associated with the production of active mineral additives, fillers in concrete and mortar mixtures, as well as energetically active nanomodifiers. The use of by-products of different chemical composition and dispersion makes it possible to control the processes of structure formation and hardening of composite materials based on cement and to obtain composite materials with the required performance properties. The main goal of the research is to scientifically substantiate and investigate the possibility of using waste from mining enterprises as components in concrete and mortar mixtures based on cement. Objects: modifying additives based on secondary products; composite materials with enhanced performance properties. Methods: determination of the mobility of mixtures, normal density, hardening time, flexural and compressive strength according to SS; thermal analysis; electron microscopy, x-ray phase analysis, colorimetry. Results. The paper introduces the results of studies necessary for the scientific substantiation, development and implementation in the construction industry of the technology for production of building mortar mixtures obtained using secondary products of mining enterprises as well as the comparative results of studies on the effect of a complex additive of microcalcite and nano-SiO2 on the properties of cement systems. It is shown that the introduction of a complex additive increases the compressive strength of cement stone, reduces the consumption of cement without reducing its standard characteristics and improves the performance properties of concrete.

Objective. The aim of the study is the mathematical support of the vacuum microwave process, the design of the installation in CAD, the manufacture of a prototype, the modeling of temperature and moisture content fields.Method. The mathematical model was implemented numerically by the finite element method in the Comsol Multiphysics environment on a grid of 3678 elements, using its deformation to change the height.Result. Experimental data were obtained on a laboratory vacuum microwave installation, which made it possible to identify patterns in the drying of foamed materials. The drying parameters, as well as the properties of the initial and dried material, were analyzed. A pilot-type vacuum plant was designed using CAD and a working prototype was made. The modeling of the temperature field and moisture content zones in the dynamics of the process has been carried out.Conclusion. Mathematical modeling of the drying process makes it possible to determine the temperature fields and moisture content of the material with a high accuracy with a relatively small amount of necessary experimental data.

Мета - вивчити особливості перебігу COVID-19 за даними контент-аналізу і вербально-комунікативного методу в дітей з інфекцією SARS-CoV-2. Матеріали та методи. Вивчення особливостей перебігу COVID-19 у дітей проведено за допомогою двох методів: контент-аналізу 54 медичних карт стаціонарного хворого та вербально-комунікативного методу шляхом анкетування 53 пацієнтів, із подальшою порівняльною оцінкою цих методів. Інфекцію SARS-CoV-2 діагностовано експрес-методом із набором для тестування «TESTSEALABS». Верифікацію інфекції SARS-CoV-2 здійснено шляхом детекції РНК SARS-CoV-2 методом полімеразної ланцюгової реакції. Дані обох методів включали вік, стать, епідеміологічний анамнез, скарги, оцінку загального стану, клінічні прояви, форми перебігу захворювання тощо. Результати. Порівняльна оцінка двох методів дослідження показала, що вербально-комунікативний метод порівняно з контент-аналізом дав змогу детальніше вивчити особливості перебігу хвороби в дітей. Зокрема, виявлено, що гарячка в більшості хворих була ремітуючою (значно підвищувалася на вечір), тривалістю понад 5 діб і більше. Діти грудного віку найчастіше мали легеневі прояви: кашель, утруднене носове дихання, задишку в спокої, гарячку, переривчасте ссання груді або відмову від неї, плач, неспокій; у поодиноких випадках - фебрильні судоми. У ранньому та дошкільному віці, крім легеневих проявів, виявлено еквівалент аносмії/агевзії - «погана їжа»; високу частоту гастроінтестинальних (біль у животі, нудота, блювання, ацетонурія) і шкірних проявів (ковідний хейліт, ін’єковані склери, папуло-везикульозне висипання, ковідні пальці). У молодшому і старшому шкільному віці відмічено легший перебіг захворювання. У старшому шкільному віці також найчастіше спостерігалися головний біль, скелетно-м’язовий біль / ломота, біль у горлі, охриплість голосу, аносмія/агевзія, - що нагадувало перебіг COVID-19 у дорослих. Висновки. Порівняльна оцінка контент-аналізу і вербально-комунікативного методу підтвердила, що в медичній практиці для поглибленого вивчення особливостей перебігу COVID-19 ці два методи слід застосовувати в поєднанні як такі, шо доповнюють і уточнюють один одного. Дослідження проведено відповідно до принципів Гельсінської декларації. Протокол дослідження ухвалено Комітетом з етики вищевказаної установи. На проведення досліджень отримано інформовану згоду батьків, дітей. Автори заявляють про відсутність конфлікту інтересів.

In this work, a charged particle beam transport in an ion source with a corona discharge, the source being equipped with a focusing system based on thin diaphragms in the standing gas and at atmospheric pressure, has been studied experimentally. The efficiency of the ion beam transportation through the focusing system was shown to depend on the distance between the corona needle and the diaphragm system, on the potential difference between the diaphragms of the focusing system and on the value of the corona discharge current. The results of comparing the efficiency of the ion beam transport in the ion source with using the focusing system and without it are presented. The use of the focusing system allowed to increase several times the current entering the collector through the diaphragm of the smallest diameter, and to raise the current entering the plane of this diaphragm by an order of magnitude.

Мета роботи: подальший розвиток змістовності понять у сфері управління сталим розвитком, виявлення найвагоміших різноспрямованих факторів впливу на забезпечення сталого господарювання в умовах зростання загроз і ризиків та на результативність управління процесом гармонізації діяльності суб’єктів господарювання відповідно до Європейських вимог. Дизайн/Метод/Підхід дослідження: теоретичні (аналіз, синтез, узагальнення, порівняння), форсайт-технології та методи опрацьовані в межах теорії струн. Результати дослідження: запропоновано бінарну структуру, визначено зміст і специфічні функції організаційного механізму управління процесом гармонізації сталого господарювання в умовах зростання загроз і ризиків, що виконано за урахування чотирьох видів струнних взаємодій та їхньої сили й спрямованості. До його складу входять дуальні системоутворюючі регулятори чотири підмеханізми (структурно-функціональний, алармово-безпековий, резонансний та гравітаційний), які забезпечують синхронність функціонування усієї системи управління гармонізацією інтересів усіх суб’єктів за тріадою ключових принципів (генерування властивостей до гармонізації інтересів; управління та коригування властивостями системи сталого господарювання; гармонізації діяльності та збалансування) за рахунок використання специфічного бінарного управлінського інструментарію (функціональних організаційно-економічних засобів та методів, організаційно-економічних засобів та методів забезпечення й підтримки). Тип статті: дослідницька.

Purpose: identify the main problems of the logistics as a management governing organ to support the defense system of Ukraine and to suggest ways to solve them. Design/Method/Approach: the main research methods are methods of statistical analysis, military-economic analysis, expert forecasting methods. Findings: from the mentioned problematic issues, there is a need to create the state logistics, as a system of logistics flow management and the definition of state standards, a clear conceptual framework for logistics, both state and military (military). Theoretical implications: in the article, the authors made an attempt and proposed to improve the system of material resources support and services of the Ukraine Defense Forces and create a united logistics system of the state, as management system of material, information and human flows which based on their optimization. Papertype: descriptive and analytical.

Assessment systems of students’ academic achievement and their educational outcomesare the object of the study. The comparison of the different assessment systems is performed on the basis of the analysis of their efficiency as a tool of control and assessment of educational outcomes, which carries out a normative, informative and diagnostic function, as well as a control and incentive function during the educational process in higher education.

The so-called Internet Studies have highlighted the importance of pedagogy declined as a philosophy of education, as a science able to provide, together with other social and cultural sciences, a significant contribution to the understanding of the implications and educational potential of the Net in the age of infosphere. Over the past few years, the so-called social networking pedagogy has emerged as an interdisciplinary approach focusing on curriculum and training. It is a pedagogy that identifies in the interaction that takes place, for example, in social networks (containers for communicative interaction) the possibility of developing a learning and training model that not only opens up new scenarios for education of the future through new media but also allows to understand critically the whole contemporary culture. Therefore, starting from the analysis of this scenario and using a theoretical methodology based on mainly hermeneutical-deconstructive and historical-dialectical approaches, the article outlines the possible epistemological framework for the networking pedagogy within the Internet studies, and identifies its main issues. The authors highlight how this specific pedagogy develops today as a pedagogy of culture characterized by a positive and optimistic approach to the new media (with particular reference to social networks). After identifying the advantages and disadvantages of the new media, such a pedagogy intends to consider pedagogical issues that teachers and trainers have to focus on and transform into effective educational communication content and tools for the curriculum. The article examines the contributions of the critical pedagogy scholars David Trend and Henry Giroux who can be considered the pioneers of networking pedagogy. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of ethics as a pedagogical practice that, through control, regulation and supervision of communicative interactions in social networks, paves the way for their conscious and educational use.

Relevance. The main task of implementing environmental policy is to create a resource-efficient system for the placement and disposal of industrial waste and secondary raw materials, in particular, in the production of building materials and products of specified properties. Within the framework of the study, the authors considered the issues related to the activation of microsilicon, which is a waste of ferroalloy production, and methods of its use for modifying the structure of cement stone, in particular, for heavy concrete. The mechanism of the structure formation, the method of introduction and the optimal consumption of the additive for modifying the concrete mix are determined. Using a comprehensive study, the dispersion products of microsilicon, which is a part of the complex modifier, were determined. It is established that the process of chemical activation of mineral particles has not been sufficiently studied, and therefore the presented research for finding solutions to improve performance through the process of pretreatment of microsilicon with an alkaline medium pH=10,2 together with the micro-reinforcing component, is relevant. The aim of the research is to establish the positive effect of the activation process of microsilicon together with the micro-reinforcing component on modifying the structure of heavy concrete to improve strength, deformative and hydrophysical properties. Object: modified heavy concrete based on activated microsilicon together with a micro-reinforcing component. Methods: x-ray phase analysis (XRD); physical and chemical activation of microsilicon with water treated by electrolysis with the Melesta device; IR spectroscopy using the Varian 640-IR Fourier spectrometer; crack resistance tests using the ADVANTEST 9 servo-hydraulic system; determination of frost resistance in the WK3 180/40 climate chamber; water resistance was determined in the UVB-MG4.01 installation; water absorption using the SNOL electric digital furnace. Result. The positive effect of activated microsilica on the properties of heavy concrete was established by reducing the content of the binder (cement) and replacing it with a microdispersed filler, previously activated with an alkaline medium with pH=10,2. At the same time, there is an increase in the compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days by 20,72 MPa in comparison with the control composition. Further modifying complex additive (high water reducing additive «MasterGlenium 115» with the consumption of 1 % plus a reactive chemical additive microsilica brand mku-95 – 15 % by weight of the binder) together with basalt fiber, allows improving the physico-mechanical properties of concrete as well as the hydrophysical ones: water absorption – 2 %; grade waterproofing – W14; frost – F600, which gives the opportunity to put into practice a composition for production of building products and constructions on its basis with specified characteristics under severe operating conditions.

With the emergence of agriculture, humankind faced numerous difficult tasks. For example, how to use the potential of the soil while saving its quality and functional properties, how to apply agricultural technologies effectively and environmentally friendly, how to make them safe for human health and biota, and many others. There are several informative and reliable recording criteria and indicator systems that fully and comprehensively describe changes in the ecological condition of the soil and agrocenoses. However, all these systems have one defect – the time from the impact of the factor to the “reaction” of the indicator. Early diagnosis of changes in the agrocenosis is possible due to the biological component of the soil, namely the microbiocenosis. Notably, that microorganisms have a large contact surface with the environment, high rates of reproduction in space and time, sensitivity to changing living conditions. The reaction of soil microbiocenosis and its activity (number of microorganisms of ecological-trophic and taxonomic groups, respiration intensity, microbial biomass content, and soil phytotoxicity) under the action of chemicals that are the basis of plant protection products (PPP) was studied in the laboratory. It was found that the number of microorganisms of different ecological-trophic and taxonomic groups under the action of a composition of cymoxanil with dimetomorph decreased by 1.5-4.5 times relative to control, chlorperifos-methyl in 1.1-2 times, and prometryn – not more than 1.5. The content of microbial biomass and the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions when using cymoxanil with dimethomorph compared to the control variant decreased by 44% and 51.4-64.8%, respectively; prometryn – by 10-13% and by 8-12%. The highest level of soil phytotoxicity was observed for variants using prometryn (20-24%), the lowest for a composition of cymoxanil with dimetomorph (7-12%). It was shown, that the high level of inhibition of test culture development with the use of prometryn associated with the class of PPP and the mechanism of its effect on the plant organism. Low indicators of soil phytotoxicity and microbiocenosis activity when using cymoxanil with dimetomorph are explained by the influence of the studied composition not only on phytopathogenic micromycetes, but also on all groups of soil micromycetes (cellulose-destroying, saprophytic) that dominate. Therefore, the influence of PPP chemicals on the microbiocenosis can be shown as follows: PROMETRYN (the lowest level of influence) → CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL → CYMOXANIL + DIMETOMORF (the highest level of influence)

Background: Spinal hydatid disease is an extremely rare pathology that could leads to the serious orthopedics and neurological complications. Conservative antimicrobial therapy is not effective for spinal echinococcus. This case is unique for the next reasons: disease manifestation during pregnancy, a long period from a spine decompression to a reconstruction procedure and a technique of the surgery. Case: A 27 year-old lady at 34 gestation weeks, previously operated on the urgent indications of paraplegia with neurogenic bladder dysfunction after 1 year and 10 months follow-up suffered vertebral column reconstruction due to recurrence of the cervico-thoracic hydatid disease, complicated by angular kyphosis. The echinococcus cyst had a closed contact with a right brachiocephalica vein, compressed the spinal canal and leads to three-column spine instability. Conclusions: Three-column spine reconstruction with anterior corpectomy, cystectomy and fusion provide resolution of the back pain syndrome, improve neurological status and achieve local control of the infectious process in patients with echinococcosis of the spine. In the postoperative period, staged therapy with antiparasitic drugs should be prescribe.

Research on values is important both for the development of sociology and for. practices of social management, they provide the necessary basis for effective public policy.The purpose of this article was to analyze the current agenda for the study of values by building theoretical and methodological thematic clusters. An optional task was to describe the thematic thesaurus used by the authors of the articles on values. The hypothesis was tested that the theory of social status in relation to economic topics received the greatest recognition in the current agenda. The study was carried out in a quantitative design, the method of content analysis was used, followed by the calculation of the c-correlation coefficient between the three semantic components of the study: topic, theory, methodology. The empirical material was the abstracts of 132 articles published in 21 sociological journals, included in the 1 quartile of Scopus in 2016–2020. Articles were selected according to the author’s search method. The limitations of the study are the 5-year time period, the language of the article (English), the use of only abstract texts for analysis, and not the articles themselves, the author’s method of building clusters (it is possible to build clusters on other grounds).Results. The main hypothesis was confirmed. The strongest connection was recorded between the theory of social status and economic topics (c-correlation coefficient — 0.62). The smallest connection was found between family values and theories about values as ideal representations (0.21). At the same time, the coefficient of connection between theories and research topics is, on average, lower than that of methodologies and topics. Qualitative methodology is mentioned by authors of articles on values a little more often than quantitative one. (114 qualitative versus 103 quantitative). In the thematic thesaurus, the greatest diversity is recorded in the research area “Labor and Economics”, the least — in the areas “Family” and “Education”. Despite the fact that the group of articles dealing with values in the sphere of politics is the second largest in the sample with 87 articles (66%), only 15 frequently used terms were included in its thematic thesaurus. In the area of “Labor and Economics”, 65 significant terms were identified; in total, materials of 111 articles (84%) were attributed to this area.The directions of further research are related to the study of the isomorphism of the agenda for the study of values in international and Russian sociology, as well as the analysis of substantive discrepancies in the study of values in the same sphere of life between Russian and foreign sociologists.

The article analyzes the main approaches to defining and understanding modern protest movements in the USA. The role of political protest as one of the forms of contentiouspoliticsis defined. The key importance of protest in the formation of mass social movements is clarified. The main theoretical approaches to defining the essence of the phenomenon and the concept of «social movement» are presented. The stages of development of modern protest movements and their key importance in the political life of the United States of America are studied.

In the paper, modification of the electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) method for improving an accuracy of determining the electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential of nanoparticles in colloidal systems has been put forward. The modification included the creation of an original experimental setup operating in the heterodyne mode using a multimode fiber at the input of the recording unit, an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio of the system, and also an expansion of ranges of nanoparticles’ key parameters: sizes, electrical conductivity, concentration in solution. The theoretical substantiation for processing the scattering signal of polydisperse colloidal solutions of nanoparticles and calculating the electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential of colloidal systems was given. The high accuracy of the measured parameters was achieved, in comparison with the data obtained from the ZetaSizer Nano commercial device.

У статті узагальнено аргументи та контраргументи в межах наукової дискусії з питання феномену гібридної війни з урахуванням втягнення України Російською Федерацією у стан неоголошеної гібридної війни. Основними цілями дослідження є аналіз та систематизація підходів до розуміння природи гібридної війни вітчизняними та іноземними науковцями, узагальнення її ключових особливостей і формулювання синтезованого визначення з урахуванням триваючої агресії проти України. На підставі систематизації широкого кола наукових праць та підходів до вирішення проблеми дослідження природи гібридної війни виявлено тенденцію до зростання уваги серед науковців до її дослідження. Актуальність вирішення цієї наукової проблеми в українському вимірі полягає у безпосередньо втягненні України у площину неоголошеної війни. Проблематику гібридної війни у статті досліджено в такій логічній послідовності: ретроспективно проаналізовано розвиток, формування та ідентифікацію змісту термінів “гібридна війна”, “гібридні засоби ведення війни”; встановлено взаємозв’язок між гібридною війною, широким колом її методів та інструментів; виокремлено ознаки гібридної війни у низці війн та конфліктів; проаналізовано тенденції до регламентації проблематики гібридної війни не лише у наукових джерелах, а й у нормативно-правових документах; проаналізовано підходи до визначення змісту і природи гібридної війни, що відображені у публікаціях вітчизняних науковців, відповідно до чого сформульовано універсальне тлумачення терміна, та підтверджено думку про його “парасолькове” значення. Методичним інструментарієм дослідження стали методи аналізу, синтезу та системного підходу, часовими межами частково охоплено історичні події з часів Пелопоннеської війни до сьогодення. Об’єктом дослідження обрано війну у всіх її проявах, оскільки саме гібридна війна є похідною від звичайної конвенційної війни. У статті надано результати емпіричного аналізу підходів до розуміння природи гібридної війни, які показують, необхідність подальших досліджень у предметній сфері з урахуванням останніх подій в Україні. Результати дослідження можуть бути корисними для науковців та управлінців, які досліджують проблеми національної безпеки, розбудови сектору безпеки й оборони, оборонного планування.

Objective was to investigate the SARS-CoV-2 collective immunity status of the population of Belarus within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. The work was carried out according to the methodology for assessing SARS-CoV-2 population immunity, developed by Rospotrebnadzor Russia and the Ministry of Health of Belarus with the participation of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, taking into account WHO recommendations. The Bioethics Committee of Belarus and the local ethics committee of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute approved the study. Selection of participants was carried out using a questionnaire method and online technology (internet, cloud server). Volunteers were randomized into seven age groups (years of age): 1–17; 18–29; 30–39; 40–49; 50–59; 60–69; and 70+. Regional randomization ensured proportional representation of volunteers from each region, and no more than 30 people were included from one enterprise. In accordance with manufacturer instructions, blood plasma samples were analyzed for: IgG antibodies (Abs) to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (Nc) using a quantitative ELISA test system; and IgG Abs to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S (spike) surface glycoprotein using a qualitative ELISA test system. Statistical processing was carried out using Excel 2010 and other software. Statistical differences were designated as significant when p < 0.05, unless otherwise indicated. Results. The level of seroprevalence, in terms of Abs to Nc among the Belarusian population, was 38.4% (95% CI 37.6–45.4). The highest Ab levels were found among individuals in older age groups (50-70+ years old). The lowest were found in children 1–17 years old and in young people 18–39 years old The distribution of seroprevalence across Belarusian regions was relatively homogeneous, with the exception of the Minsk Region, where a statistically significant decrease in the indicator was noted. In terms of profession, the largest share of seropositive individuals was found among transportation workers; the smallest was found in business. The moderate COVID-19 incidence has not led to a dramatic increase in the number of contacts. The base reproduction number (R0) was 1.3. In the Republic of Belarus, there was a moderate level of asymptomatic COVID-19 among seropositive individuals (45.3% [95% CI 44.0–46.7]). This form of infection was observed most often among children aged 1–17 years old (65.0% [95% CI 61.3–68.6]). In parallel with seroprevalence assessment, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was carried out. We used two vaccines: Gam-COVID-Vac (also known as Sputnik V, developed by Gamaleya National Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russia); and BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm, PRC). Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 was accompanied by an increase in the level of anti-RBD Abs (95% [95% CI 94.7–96.7]). Taking into account the vaccination of a subset of the population with BBIBP-CorV, the overall herd immunity, inferred from the analyzed indicators (presence of anti-Nc or anti-RBD Abs), was 47.1% (95% CI 46.3–48.0). Conclusion. COVID-19 in Belarus was characterized by a moderately pronounced course of the epidemic process. The threshold level of herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been reached, as a result of which the conditions for progression of the epidemic remain.

Triticale and spelt grains are non-traditional types of plant raw materials that are promising for expanding the range of everyday products, healthy foods, as well as for the manufacture of food additives. A promising and relevant direction of scientific and practical research is the use of methods of biomechanical impact on the products of processing grain triticale and spelt grain in the form of flour, crumbs and bran to obtain food for general, functional and therapeutic purposes. The aim of the research is a comparative characteristic of the milling properties of new varieties of grain of wheat, triticale and spelt and the possibility of theit using for grinding into flour at existing grain processing enterprises. A comparative characteristic of the cereal-forming ability of new varieties of wheat, triticale and spelt has been carried out and it is revealed that the best cereal-forming ability belongs to the spelt grain of the "Gremme 2 U" variety, equal to 79.8 %, which is 4 % more than that of the wheat grain of the "Timiryazevskaya Jubilee" and 4.8 % of triticale grain of the "Timiryazevskaya 155" variety. It has been found that the highest flour yield under the same grinding regimes is obtained when grinding the grain of a new type of spelt "Gremme 2 U" amounted to 79.3 %. The largest amount of triticale flour of the highest grade T-60 is obtained from triticale grain of the "Timiryazevskaya 155" variety. The grain of wheat "Timiryazevskaya Jubilee" occupies an intermediate position both in terms of the total yield of flour and its quality compared to spelt and triticale. All three given new varieties of various crops have good flour-grinding properties and can be recommended for processing into high-quality bakery flour at flour mills when making grinding mixtures.

Objective. To analyze the results of surgical treatment of chronic infectious cervical spondylitis and literature data. Material and Methods. Design: retrospective monocentric cohort study for 2017–2020. The study included medical history and clini- cal and instrumental data of 25 patients who underwent 28 reconstructive surgeries on the suboccipital (n1 = 3) and subaxial (n2 = 25) spine. The average follow-up period was 1 year 2 months ± 4 months. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22.0. Results. The effect of the duration of the therapeutic pause (p = 0.043) and the T1 slope (T1S) (p = 0.022) on the intensity of verte- brogenic pain syndrome was established. When assessing the parameters of the sagittal balance a direct relationship between the age of patients and the value of cervical sagittal vertical axis (CSVA) (p = 0.035) was revealed, while CSVA (p = 0.514) and neck tilt angle (NTA) (p = 0.617) did not significantly affect the intensity of vertebral pain syndrome. The extent of vertebral destruction did not affect either the intensity of vertebral pain (p = 0.872) or the indices of the sagittal balance: CSVA (p = 0.116), T1S (p = 0.154), and NTA (p = 0.562). A significant predictor of postoperative complications is the level of comorbidity with an index of 7 or more (p = 0.027) ac- cording to the Charlson scale. Conclusion. The leading predictors of complications of surgical treatment of cervical infectious spondylitis are the Charlson comorbidity index (7 points or more) and the variant of anterior reconstruction (the use of a blocked extraspinal plate). The factors influencing the intensity of vertebrogenic pain syndrome in this pathology are the duration of the therapeutic pause and the magnitude of T1S compen- sation. Anterior reconstruction of the cervical spine in the presence of infectious spondylitis provides a correction of the sagittal balance parameters, with the possibility of long-term maintaining the achieved values.

У статті досліджується черепи та довгі кістки верхніх і нижніх кінцівок двох чоловіків із поховань культури кулястих амфор, знайдених під час науково-рятівних розкопок стихійного кар’єру в Дубенському районі – Заболоття-3 та середні розміри загальної вибірки чоловічих черепів людей культури кулястих амфор (ККА) з Волині (Заболоття-3 і с. Івання). Поховання оригінальні для ККА Волині та Поділля, тоді як традиційними є потужні кам’яні гробниці. Перспективним буде долучити до внутрішньогрупового аналізу індивідуальні дані чоловічих черепів ККА і культури шнурової кераміки України, Німеччини, Польщі, Чехії й об’єднати в одну групу ККА України та порівняти її з синхронними серіями Західної Європи.

В статті розглядаються основні причини уповільнення розвитку системи внутрішнього контролю в державному секторі України, яка виступає інструментом підвищення ефективності функціонування об’єкта контролю в цілому. Метою статті є розробка, на базі системного та процесного підходів, концептуальних підходів до формування критеріїв оцінювання ефективності системи внутрішнього контролю в довгостроковій перспективі та визначення найбільш адаптованого стандарту для даної цілі. В процесі досягнення мети дослідження використовувались наступні методи: аналіз, синтез, індукція, дедукція, системний підхід, аналогія. Світова тенденція до підвищення прозорості функціонування державних установ реалізується шляхом впровадження системи внутрішнього контролю, як елемента системи управління установою. При цьому виникає необхідність в оцінюванні ефективності самої системи. Функціонування належного внутрішнього контролю та внутрішнього аудиту є обов’язковою умовою вступу нових держав-членів в ЄС. Проведений аналіз вітчизняної нормативно-правової бази в сфері функціонування системи внутрішнього контролю показав відсутність в Україні єдиної методики оцінювання її ефективності в державному секторі та нагальну необхідність в її створенні.

The article considers the use of Jerusalem artichoke processing products in technology flour yeast products. In terms of productivity, Jerusalem artichokes significantly exceed potatoes, sugar beets, corn and other crops of intensive type, but grow it on small area mainly for fodder purposes. Recently, in the food industry is observed reorientation to the production of products with new qualities, aimed at improving the situation health and disease prevention. Jerusalem artichoke is a unique raw material that can increase the biological value of finished products. Useful properties of Jerusalem artichoke are used to strengthen the immune system, reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke, eliminate salt deposits in the joints, in the therapeutic diet for diabetes. However, its limited use in the processing industry is due to the rapid enzymatic darkening of Jerusalem artichoke tubers during processing. Given the specific properties of Jerusalem artichoke, it is advisable to investigate the enzymatic darkening of Jerusalem artichoke tubers during processing by determining the activity of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase and the use of Jerusalem artichoke puree in the technology of yeast dough. Analysis of tubers and Jerusalem artichoke puree was performed by organoleptic and physicochemical indicators. The quality of finished products was controlled by organoleptic, physicochemical and structural and mechanical indicators, among which special attention was paid to indicators acidity, humidity, porosity, shape stability. The activity of the enzyme in whole and crushed Jerusalem artichoke tubers and its effect on the activity of the enzyme pre-blanching in water for 10 minutes It is determined that when blanching is a partial inactivation of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase, which prevents darkening of raw materials during grinding. The effect of adding Jerusalem artichoke puree in the amount of 10, 15 and 20 % was studied on gluten of wheat flour. The partial replacement of wheat flour in mashed Jerusalem artichoke leads not only to a decrease in the amount of gluten, but also to a change in its quality. The gluten becomes more elastic, the extensibility decreases, and with the addition of 20 % puree gluten is torn. It is determined that the duration of fermentation of dough samples varies depending on the amount introduced Jerusalem artichoke puree. With increasing percentage of Jerusalem artichoke puree in the dough recipe, the duration of dough fermentation is reduced by 6.25…8.75 %. The addition of puree had a positive effect Jerusalem artichoke to increase the yield of the finished product by 5.20…26.34 %. Research of the main quality indicators of experimental samples confirm that according to the set of indicators, the optimal sample is 10 % of Jerusalem artichoke puree, which makes it possible to recommend it for the production of yeast bakery products of high biological value.

A hydrodynamic mechanism of movement of a micro/nanomotor with a dipole charge induced by an electro-catalytic reaction on its surface and the formation of charges in the surrounding liquid is proposed. For this, the dynamics of a dipole aggregate in a cloud of small oppositely charged particles in a viscous fluid surrounding it is simulated. Under the action of the field of the aggregate, the particles in the cloud are set in motion, which forms a flow in the surrounding fluid. In turn, the flow creates a hydrodynamic force that moves the aggregate. The hydrodynamic interaction of all particles in the cloud with each other and with the dipole aggregate is taken into account at their different distributions in the liquid around the dipole. The total charge of all small particles can be either equal to zero or have a non-zero value. The calculations carried out confirmed the possibility of the dipole unit to move in all the cases considered as a result of action of the hydrodynamic force created by the formed flow of the surrounding fluid. In this case, the speed and direction of dipole movement significantly depends both on the distribution of small particles in the surrounding liquid and on their total charge. As the result of asymmetry in the distribution of small charged particles in the surrounding fluid, dipole unit will move not only in longitudinal but also in transverse direction. This leads to the need to use some mechanism of controlling its movement. As such a mechanism the action of an external field can be used, orienting the dipole unit in a given direction of motion. It is proposed to use an external magnetic field for such control. In this case, the dipole aggregate must have a magnetic moment due to the presence of a magnetizable nucleus inside the particles.

The paper presents the findings of a study of species diversity of forests in the Kharkivska Oblast. The study was conducted on the territory of ten forestry enterprises and the State Enterprise Kharkiv Forest Research Station and the Homilsha Woods National Nature Park on an area of 282.3 thousand ha (area is subordinated to the State Forest Resources Agency of Ukraine). The purpose of the study was to analyse the species diversity and typological structure of forests in the Kharkivska Oblast. The study of species diversity was carried out based on analysis of the subcompartment database of the VO Ukrderzhlisproekt. The plantations were classified by the trophotope on the territory of the research facility in accordance with the main methodological provisions of the Ukrainian forestry and forest typology. A diagrammatic map of forests and dominant species (common oak and Scots pine) was compiled using the MapInfo Professional 12.5 software package and a vector map of 12 forestries in the Kharkivska Oblast. It has been established that 56 species of trees grow in the Kharkivska Oblast. Among these tree species, the predominant ones are common oak (53.4%) and Scots pine (32.7%). The distribution of plantations by trophotope is characterised by certain features. For example, dubrava conditions prevail in the stands (65.6% of the total area covered by forest vegetation), subor forests are 3.5 times less represented, and sudubravas and pine forests are the least common. Among the forest types, the most common are fresh maple-linden dubravas (43.7%) and fresh oak-pine subors (18.9%). The practical significance of the study is that the analysis of species diversity and typological structure of forests must be taken into account during the planning, organisation, and conduct of forestry activities in the Kharkivska Oblast

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic condition in the world. In recent times, the diabetes has begun to be studied as a social issue that is become more and more relevant. The wound healing could be a time consuming, recurrent and difficult to treat process under the chronic hyperglycemia. Therefore, the study of regenerative capacity of the skin under the chronic hyperglycemia is relevant. Thus, the purpose of our research was to study the histological and planimetric features of the skin reparative regeneration of young rats under the chronic hyperglycemia. The study was conducted on 70 white laboratory young rats: a control group, a group of animals with chronic hyperglycemia of the body, and a control group of hyperglycemia. The chronic hyperglycemia was simulated by the single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) and nicotinic acid (1 mg/kg). The wound was formed by cutting out a piece of skin in the interscapular region. The studies were performed on the 7, 14 and 21 days after trauma. The sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The light microscopy was performed using an Olympus BH-2 microscope (Japan), the planimetric analysis was performed using the morphometric program “Digimizer”. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS-17 software package. It has been found that the process of the skin regeneration of young rats with the chronic hyperglycemia is of the unfinished character and reveals as a violation of the epithelialization process, keratinization and reorganization of connective tissue into a full-fledged dermis. The main features of the process of post-traumatic skin regeneration of rats with chronic hyperglycemia are the prolongation of the reduction of wound area at the late study stages. On the 21 day of the experiment, the area of the non-healing wound in the young rats with the chronic hyperglycemia was equal to (50.43 ± 12.85) mm2 , which is 65.43 times more than the reference value (р = 0,0001). The wound healing rate in the rats with the chronic hyperglycemia was lower on the first days with the growth dynamics by the end of the study