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A method of long-term combined accumulation of the reflected signal is justified, which provides for its division into disjoint subsets, coherent accumulation in subsets using one of the fast algorithms and subsequent incoherent accumulation of the squares of the modules of the results of processing the subsets. A distinctive method’s feature is the use with incoherent accumulation of maxima of the squares of the moduli of the coherent processing results, that are selected from the range / radial velocity regions in accordance with a given hypothesis about the minimum and maximum values of the target radial velocity and the radial acceleration detection channel setting.The efficiency of the method was confirmed by simulation modeling. Using the theories of ordinal statistics and the method of moments, a method for calculating the probability of correct detection is developed. Estimates of processing losses are made in comparison with coherent and incoherent accumulation algorithms for a signal reflected from a point target, for the case when there is no range and frequency migration. Estimates for the required number of receiver channels are given.

Infectious complications after primary implantation of the hip joint are 0.5–3 %, and in the case of re-endoprosthetics, the risk of periprosthetic infection can reach 30 %. Also, we should not forget about the high percentage (16–20 %) of recurrence of periprosthetic infection of the hip joint, which leads to an unsatisfactory result of treatment up to amputation of a limb or even death of the patient. The reasons for the recurrence of the infectious process can be antibiotic resistance and antibiotic tolerance of microorganisms, as well as the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms on implants. In this regard, there is a constant need to search for alternative means of antimicrobial therapy, as well as to select the optimal ways of their delivery and deposition, which is of practical importance when performing surgical interventions in traumatology and orthopedics to protect the implantable structure from possible infection of the surgical site. One of the methods currently available to combat bacterial infections acquired antibiotic resistance and antibiotic tolerance is the use of natural viruses that infect bacterial bacteriophages. The above suggests a more effective suppression of periprosthetic infection, including persisters that deviate from antibiotics. It is, as a rule, associated with biofilms if used in conjunction with antibiotics and phages, when the use of bacteriophages predetermines the effectiveness of treatment. With the use of sensitive bacteriophages in the treatment of periprosthetic infections, a significant (p = 0.030) reduction in the rate of recurrence of infection (from 31 to 4.5 %) was observed. The use of lytic bacteriophages in traumatology and orthopedics is of great interest for phagotherapy of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant and biofilm-forming strains of bacteria. A clinical study using a single-stage surgical revision with simultaneous application of antibiotics and phages in the treatment of deep periprosthesis infection of the hip joint endoprosthesis, followed by 12 months follow-up for periprosthetic infection recurrence, demonstrated the effectiveness of the use of combined antibiotic and bacteriophages treatment.

Individualization of service is the most reasonable way to implement a customeroriented approach in freight forwarding services in conditions of intense competition. The article considers the structure and content of the main mathematical methods for assessing consumer loyalty. The necessity of developing an indicator of service individualization and its systematic use in the practice of organizations` activities for the growth of competitiveness is actualized. The conditions of application of the service individualization method in practice are studied. The systematic use of this indicator will allow an organization in the field of freight forwarding services to form partnerships with customers, increase their satisfaction and loyalty, and ensure a sustainable nature of interaction with customers in the long term. In this regard, the assessment of client performance indicators is the basis for the development of an organization’s strategy.

Effects of interannual fluctuations of sockeye salmon escapement to the spawning grounds on dynamics of sexual, age and length-weight structure of the population are demonstrated on generalized data of long-term observations in Lake Dalneye in 1939–2020. Mature sockeye specimens were caught in the Dalnaya River during their anadromous migration to the lake and analyzed by the authors, personally; archive and earlier published data were used, as well. The escapement was evaluated by visual assessment of the sockeye migrants entered to Lake Dalneye and confirmed by counting of mature individuals on the littoral spawning grounds in the lake. Number of dwarf sockeye salmon was estimated using the earlier found correlation between their stock and forage zooplankton biomass (Kurenkov, 1991; Pogodaev, Kurenkov, 2012). The zooplankton biomass was assessed on samples of zooplankton collected monthly at a stationary station in the central part of the lake (once a month during the ice period and up to three times per month during the ice-free period) from the layer 0–50/55 m by vertical towing of Juday plankton net (mouth diameter 18 cm). The numbers of anadromous sockeye males and females had ratio 1 : 1 in years with the maximum spawning stock, but < 1 : 1 when their returns to the lake decreased. Besides, the males were smaller in such years and the dwarfs (matured without migration to the sea) and jacks (matured with short marine period) were able to escape commercial fishing gears. Age of the spawners had a tendency to increase with decreasing of spawning runs and, conversely, more abundant runs were formed by younger spawners. Long-term pressure from fishery and selection of larger individuals caused the body length and weight decreasing for mature sockeye salmon, shortening of their period of marine feeding, and increasing of the smallsized males portion in the population.

Introduction. Unemployment is one of the fundamental issues of macroeconomics and has a significant impact on the socio-economic development of regions and the country as a whole. Based on the results of the conducted study, the article identifies the correlation between unemployment and volumes of output in the regions of the Russian Federation. Materials and Methods. The paper used open statistical data for 79 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The methods of comparative, economic, and statistical analysis were used to identify the trends in the development of regional labor markets. The trends of the labor market, including the correlation between the gross regional product and the unemployment rate, were studied based on the economic and statistical models and the statistical data for Russian regions for 1997–2017. Results. The study has revealed the increasing discrepancy between the aggregates of the labor market – the registered unemployment rate and the unemployment rate according to the conducted sample surveys of the population. The inertia of the indicator of “the registered unemployment rate”, associated with the institutional constraints of the labor market, has been shown. The slow response of the gross regional product to the change in the aggregates of unemployment has been revealed. No clear correlation has been observed between volumes of output and changes in the unemployment rate according to the methodology of the International Labour Organization based on the data from the sample labor force surveys. Discussion and Conclusion. The increasing divergence of aggregates of unemployment reveals a distortion of the formal institutional environment of the labor market and is due to the financial constraints of public authorities. Further research will focus on the assessment of the impact of the sectoral structure of the economy on the closeness of the correlation between changes in the gross regional product and the aggregates of the labor market. Understanding the trends in the development of the labor market is necessary for conducting a balanced policy of managing its transformation and the socio-economic development of the regions and the country as a whole.

Processes of information and communication technologies, which lately have been developing very fast resulted in creation of analytical systems of management and production based on technologies of artificial intellect and neuronet. The authors analyzed the latest trends in the field, provided examples of working-out technologies and products based on these achievements, which caused considerable improvement of people quality of life. Apart from that the article shows changes in economy connected with pandemic after-effects and key trends of developing digital economy in post-pandemic situation. The article studies interpretations of the term ‘digital economy’ that are used in academic literature and puts forward the definition, which explains the term in the most comprehensive way. Serious attention is paid to the latest trends in the development of machine learning, artificial intellect and neuronet. The applications of neuronet in different field of human activity have been investigated, including academic knowledge and economic analysis.

The article is devoted to the study of the terminological family with the base term “robot”. The issues concerning the structure of the terminological family, its basic lexical units, the most productive models of term formation and most frequent grammatical forms of terms are considered. Particular emphasis is placed on the specifics of the terminological family. The characteristic features of terminological elements used in the formation of new terms are defined. It is emphasised that the emergence of terminological combinations is a common way of forming new special words. In the course of study, it was found that the terminological family with the base term “robot” belongs to the class of highly deployed families. A five-stage model of the terminological family is presented. About 200 derived terms have been analysed at the five stages of term formation relating to the present state of language development. The scientific hypothesis that the emergence of terms-specifiers of the original concept is the way of forming a special professional terminological family has been proved. The material for research includes the “English-Russian Explanatory Dictionary” by E. M. Proydakov and L. A. Teplitskiy (Moscow, 2019), monographs, scientific publications on robotics in peer-reviewed journals in 2010—2021.

Patients may experience long-term physical, psychological and cognitive impairment after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge, a condition commonly described as post-intensive care syndrome. The relative contribution of each of these components to long-term quality of life was never investigated.The aim of this studyis to identify the type and severity of disability and QoL at the discharge from ICU and up to following 6 months.Material and Methods. All patients (n=218) discharged from a university hospital ICU between April 2016 and July 2017 were eligible. Exclusion criteria included: age n=109) or patients requiring ICU treatment (IT, Intensive Treatment,n=109).Results. All dimensions of SF-36 and EQ-5D-5L parameters increased from ICU discharge to 180-days, except for the SF-36 Synthetic index linked to mental health (P=0.08). All EQ-5D-5L parameters improved significantly in the IT group, while only Visual Analog Scale Health Perception improved in the IM group.Conclusion. ICU survivors suffer long-term physical and psychological sequelae. The perception of Quality of Life is reduced after ICU discharge. The psychological and cognitive dimensions were more compromised than physical ones. Patients discharged from the ICU may benefit from specific intensive care follow-up clinics addressing their needs in term of psychological and cognitive support.

Background. Arterial hypertension (AH) is frequently associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), especially in older patients and patients with comorbidities. Kidneys eliminate the contrast media after percutaneous coronary interventions and are considered target organs of AH, what makes the research of contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) and its long-term prognosis important topics for the researchers nowadays. Aim. To assess the incidence of CA-AKI in patients with CAD and AH and its prognostic significance. Materials and methods. 435 patients with stable CAD and AH and indications for studies with intraarterial iodine contrast media administration were included in the prospective open observational cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04014153) with a follow-up period more than 5 years. CI-AKI was defined as the 25% rise (or 0.5 mg/dl) of serum creatinine from baseline assessed 48 hours after administration of contrast media. The primary endpoint was CI-AKI according to KDIGO criteria. The secondary endpoints were total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, acute decompensation of heart failure, coronary artery bypass grafting, repeat percutaneous coronary intervention. Results. Most of the patients, included in the study, were overweight (BMI 29.14.8 kg/m2) males. 88 (20.2%) patients suffered from diabetes mellitus and 3.9% had heart failure. The mean volume of contrast media administered was 236.690.2 ml. The rate of CA-AKI was 82 (18.9%) cases. The cardiovascular mortality rate was 3.9%, myocardial infarction 9.4%, stroke 2.5%, acute decompensation of heart failure 9.7%. Conclusion. The rate of CA-AKI in patients with stable CAD and AH is slightly higher than in patients without such a combination of diseases. There is a trend towards better survival free of myocardial infarction, stroke or acute decompensation of heart failure in patients without CA-AKI.

The article is devoted to the methodological approaches that reveal the essence of the term «Central Asia». After the collapse of the USSR, five Post-Soviet States located in the center of Eurasia, adopted the international name of the region «Central Asia» instead of the soviet term «Central Asia and Kazakhstan». However, at the present stage, the accepted Post-Soviet geopolitical term raises many questions and requires a detailed description. The author analyzes the essence of the term «Central Asia» through the prism of historical, geographical and geopolitical approaches. It is concluded that the historical and geographical borders of the region do not coincide with the borders of the political term «Central Asia». Famous Western and Russian geopolitics are trying to present the region within broader geopolitical boundaries which is due to the geographical features of the region and its hydrocarbon potential. As a result the term “Central Asia” is interpreted differently by researchers.

The long-term effects (marital status, attitude to breastfeeding, re-pregnancy rate) underage (aged 13-17 years) labor who gave birth within and outside the specialized educational program were studied. It was revealed that the girls who attended program classes, continued breastfeeding significantly longer. At the same time, no significant difference in the frequency of early re-pregnancy was found. Apparently, educational programs are not effective enough and require revision.

Lung cancer still holds the leading position in terms of morbidity and mortality, both among men and women. The five-year survival rate for lung cancer is one of the lowest among cancers and varies from 5% to 15% for different countries. The study of new directions in the treatment of this nosology is an extremely urgent problem at the present time. The most common histological variant is non-small cell lung cancer. The presence of driver mutations (EGFR, ALK, ROS1) makes it possible to use targeted therapy in these patients. However, in the absence of driver mutations, the treatment of disseminated non-small cell lung cancer is still based on chemotherapy, which has a low efficiency, making up only about 30% in the first line of treatment. A promising approach to the treatment of this group of patients is the use of immunotherapy, in particular anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 checkpoint-inhibitors. In large randomized international clinical trials, pembrolizumab and atezolizumab were shown to be effective in the first line of treatment, and nivolumab in the second line of treatment. Moreover, according to meta-analyses on the effectiveness and safety of immunotherapy, PD-L1 inhibitors (atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab) have a lower toxicity profile compared to PD-1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab). This article presents a clinical observation of effective treatment of a patient with disseminated non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer with a combination of atezolizumab with bevacizumab and chemotherapy. The partial effect of treatment achieved in this patient is maintained for 3 years without the unacceptable toxicity.

This article examines the influence of «interface effects» (A. Galloway’s term) on the perception of information in cultural and educational journalism. On the basis of the theory of machines by F. Guattari, the analysis of the inter­face is carried out by the parameters of content, perceived territories, propositions and noem. As a result, its media-aesthetic functionality was revealed, based on the cognitive trajectories offered to the user., В статье рассмотрено влияние «эффектов интерфейса» (термин А. Галлоуэя) на восприятие информации в культурно­просветительской журналистике. Для анализа интерфейса по параметрам контента, ощущаемых территорий, пропозиций и ноэм использована теория машин Ф. Гваттари. В результате выявлен его медиаэстетический функционал, основанный на предлагаемых пользователю когнитивных траекториях.

Since the budget legislation changes every year, new federal standards are implemented, modern information technologies are introduced, accounting (budget accounting) in the public institutions is constantly developing. The article is devoted to the particularities of accounting for budget expenditure authorization (BEA) in these institutions as their both professional and economic activities have undergone certain changes. The methodological base of the study involves the approved normative legal acts and documents regulating accounting (budget accounting) for budget expenditure authorization. The research result is the development of an algorithm for the flow of limits of budgetary obligations (LBO) to account for and implement them when subsidies are granted for an extended period up to three years. The author provides recommendations on developing accounting policy on the example of public institutions of St. Petersburg for the year 2020. The results of the research could be of theoretical and practical interest for management and specialists of the public institutions in charge of keeping accounts and developing accounting policy.

Objective: assessment of the "systemic toxicity of local anesthetics,” term validity, and a legal appraisal of the term “lipid resuscitation.” Regulatory documents and specialized literature devoted to the terminology of toxicity of local anesthetics were reviewed and analyzed. The article presents the classification of the adverse events proposed by World Health Organization experts. The legal issues related to the so-called “lipid resuscitation” are discussed. It seems appropriate to replace the term “systemic toxicity” of local anesthetics in all official documents with the term “side effect of the drug” or “side effects.” The use of the “lipid resuscitation” term in clinical practice is not supported by regulatory documents.

The article is devoted to the problems associated with the changes made to the draft of the new version of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation concerning the assessment of the severity of violations of the budget legislation for the purpose of administrative or criminal liability measures. The article deals with the issues of improving the conceptual apparatus, including the term “damage to public legal institutions”. The comparative analysis of categories “harm”, “loss” and “damage” is carried out. An attempt is made to define the concept of “damage to public legal institutions” as a category of financial (budget) law. The issues of delimitation of violations of the budget legislation from the shortcomings in the activities of public authorities and local selfgovernment, leading to inefficient use of budgetary funds. It is concluded that it is necessary to include in the new edition of the Budget Code such categories as “violations and shortcomings associated with the use of budgetary funds”, “inefficient use of budgetary funds”, “damage to public legal institutions”, as well as the development of a special method of calculating the damage to public legal institutions.

In soils of Ili Alatau (dark kastanozems, light kastanozems, mountain chernozems) both in continuous cropping system of sugar beet and in crop rotation with prolonged use of fertilizers the soil agrochemical indices, phosphorus reserves and group composition (total, organic and mineral) vary significantly. The total phosphorus content in the soils was 1720–2330 mg/kg and decreased in the series: virgin mountain chernozems > arable dark kastanozems > arable mountain chernozems > light kashtanozems > virgin dark kastanozems. It was observed, that in arable dark kastanozems, as compared to virgin soils, the content of available forms of phosphorus (loose-bound phosphates Ca-PI and miscellaneous calcium phosphates Ca-PII) increased, and the content of plant unavailable forms of phosphorus (poorly soluble Ca phosphates Ca-PIII, phosphates of aluminum Al-P and iron Fe-P) decreased. In arable mountain chernozems, in comparison with virgin mountain chernozems, the content of all fractions of phosphorus decreased. Arable light kastanozems contain the least amount of available phosphates and the highest of phosphates of aluminum and iron. When cultivating beets on light kastanozems, the content of all fractions of phosphorus, except iron phosphates, increased with increasing dose of fertilizers. The effectiveness of the application of the organic-mineral fertilizers was comparable to the introduction of NK + P1.5 and NK + P2, the yield of sugar beet in the crop rotation in these variants is the highest and amounts to 614 and 577 centner/ha; in the control value (obtained without fertilizers) – 197 centner/ha, and in the variant with application of only NK fertilizers – 277 centner/ha. In continuous cropping system these values were 576 and 561 centner/ha; 311 and 327 centner/ha respectively. Close values of crop yield were obtained in two variants: with the organo-mineral system and NK + P1.5, due to the additional use by the plants of sugar beet phosphorus of newly formed organic compounds.

Using the classical Lorentz-Hilbert-Einstein action, we derive the kinetic Vlasov-Maxwell-Einstein equation for particles in the gravitational and electromagnetic fields. The method of synchronization of intrinsic times of different particles is proposed. Based on the obtained expressions for actions (including in the post-Newtonian approximation), we analyze the connection of the cosmological lambda-term and dark energy.

The aim of the study is to identify the specific trends in the foreign population distribution throughout Switzerland from the middle of the XIX century until the present day, based on census data, statistical yearbooks, and the database of the Federal Statistical Office of Switzerland. As a result, we have found a high degree of inertia in the foreign population distribution on the territory of Switzerland and its simultaneous convergence with the citizen distribution in the country. The obtained results can be used to analyze the international population migration in other countries and in training courses on population geography and the socio-economic geography of foreign countries.

In this paper the term of «intelligent data analysis» is discussed, the cloud computing concept is described. The system developed and deployed on the computer cluster by ECM department of BSUIR is shown as an example of the intelligent data analysis by means of cloud computing. Some results of research with the help of this system are given.

When setting a long-term field experiment in order to study the impact of direct sowing technology on soil properties it is necessary to take into account not only the known requirements, but a comprehensive analysis of soil heterogeneity as well. The article presents the results of detailed topographic and soil-agrochemical mapping with estimation of variability of morphological and agrochemical properties of typical chernozems studied on four experimental fields of 2.4 ha area each.

This article discusses the concept of artificial intelligence. The purpose of this research is to highlight the current state of the areas in which artificial intelligence can be implemented, as well as to assess the potential of the introduction of this technology in the business sphere. A detailed analysis and reviews of the basic concepts of this technology, and their content is shown. Particular attention is paid to the development of the history of artificial intelligence and the explanation of the folding of this term as an important element of modern IT- infrastructure. The characteristic features of artificial intelligence components are distinguished and described. Attention is also focused on the historical aspect of the formation of all-important characteristics for understanding. The tasks, goals and applications of artificial intelligence are defined. A detailed analysis of the results of the introduction of artificial intelligence in enterprises and indicates the dependence of the success of the organization on the degree of trust and the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies. Experts ' forecasts on the role and extent of the impact of this technology in the business sector in the short and medium term are described.

Несмотря на успехи современной хирургии, холангиогенные абсцессы остаются одним из самых сложных осложнений в хирургической гепатологии. Традиционно используемые способы оперативных вмешательств являются достаточно травматичными и, зачастую, недостаточно адекватными, особенно при множественных абсцессах, а также при развитии сепсиса [1–3]. Сочетание с минимальноинвазивными методиками (в виде вмешательств под контролем лучевой навигации (УЗИ, рентген), эндоскопии и лапароскопии) позволяет значительно улучшить результаты лечения этой категории больных [4–5]. Наиболее частой причиной развития холангиогенных абсцессов являются рубцовые стриктуры желчных протоков и длительный холедохолитиаз [2–3]. Некоторые авторы отдельно рассматривают иммуносупрессию на фоне злокачественных новообразований гепатопанкреатодуоденальной зоны, ВИЧ-инфекции и других заболеваний как причину образования абсцессов печени [1–3]., Despite the successes of modern surgery, cholangiogenic abscesses remain one of the most difficult complications in surgical hepatology. The traditionally used methods of surgical interventions are quite traumatic and often insufficiently adequate, especially with multiple abscesses, as well as with the development of sepsis [1–3]. The combination with minimally invasive techniques (in the form of interventions under the control of radiation navigation (ultrasound, X-ray), endoscopy and laparoscopy) can significantly improve the treatment results of this category of patients [4–5]. The most common cause of cholangiogenic abscesses is cicatricial stricture of the bile ducts and prolonged choledocholithiasis [2–3]. Some authors separately consider immunosuppression against the background of malignant neoplasms of the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone, HIV infection and other diseases as the cause of the formation of liver abscesses [1–3]., Вестник Национального медико-хирургического Центра им. Н.И. Пирогова, Выпуск 4 2021, Pages 151-154

Для увеличения производительности сахарного завода без существенных финансовых затрат можно использовать технологическую схему вывода сиропа на длительное хранение с последующей его переработкой в межсезонье. Одним из недостатков такой технологической схемы является риск микробиологической обсемененности сиропа, для снижения которой отечественные исследователи предлагают обработку электромагнитными полями. Однако, на наш взгляд, обработка сиропа сульфитсодержащими реагентами более безопасна и менее энергоемка. Проведены лабораторные исследования, направленные на снижение микробиологической обсемененности сиропа при выводе его на хранение. Объектом исследований был полученный в лабораторных условиях концентрированный сироп с содержанием сухих веществ 67%, который делили на три образца по 300 мл каждый. Контрольный образец сиропа оставляли без обработки, образец 1 обрабатывали сернистым ангидридом до рН 7,3–7,5, образец 2 – раствором бисульфита натрия в количестве 0,01% к массе образца. После этого все три образца подвергали подщелачиванию 1 н раствором NaOH до pH 9,15 и хранили в течение 100 сут при комнатной температуре. По окончанию срока хранения в образцах сиропа определяли микробиологические показатели и содержание редуцирующих веществ. Установлено, что предварительная обработка сиропа, направляемого на длительное хранение, сульфитсодержащими реагентами способствует достаточно эффективному снижению количества мезофильных аэробных и факультативно-анаэробных микроорганизмов и плесеней. Наибольший эффект снижения наблюдается при обработке сиропа сернистым ангидридом: на 69% снижается показатель микробиальной обсемененности и на 58% количество плесеней по сравнению с необработанным сиропом. При обработке сиропа бисульфитом натрия снижение составило 31 и 33% соответственно. Степень предотвращения накопления редуцирующих веществ при обработке сиропа сернистым ангидридом составила 18,8%, а при обработке бисульфитом натрия – 11,5%. Снижение микробиальной обсемененности сиропа при выводе его на длительное хранение будет способствовать снижению потерь сахарозы., To increase the productivity of the sugar factory without significant financial costs, you can use a technological scheme for the withdrawal of thick juice for long-term storage with its subsequent processing in the off-season. One of the disadvantages of such a technological scheme is the risk of microbiological contamination of the thick juice, to reduce which domestic researchers offer treatment with electromagnetic fields. However, in our opinion, the treatment of thick juice with sulfite-containing reagents is safer and less energy intensive. Laboratory studies aimed at reducing the microbiological contamination of the thick juiceduring its storage were carried out. The object of research was a concentrated thick juice obtained under laboratory conditions with a dry matter content of 67%, which was divided into three samples of 300 ml each. The control sample of the thick juice was left untreated, sample 1 was treated with sulfur dioxide to a pH of 7,3–7,5, sample 2 – with a solution of sodium bisulfite in an amount of 0.01% by weight of the sample. After that, all three samples were alkalized with 1 n NaOH solution to pH 9,15 and stored for 100 days at room temperature. At the end of the shelf life, microbiological parameters and the content of reducing substances were determined in the thick juice samples. It was found that the pretreatment of thick juice sent for long-term storage with sulfite-containing reagents contributes to a sufficiently effective reduction in the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms and molds. The greatest reduction effect is observed when the thick juice is treated with sulfurous anhydride: the indicator of microbial contamination is reduced by 69% and the number of molds is reduced by 58% compared to untreated thick juice. When treating the syrup with sodium bisulfite, the reduction was 31 and 33% respectively. The degree of prevention of the accumulation of reducing substances when treating the thick juice with sulfur dioxide was 18,8%, and when treating with sodium bisulfite – 11,5%. Reducing the microbial contamination of the thick juicewhen it is taken out for long-term storage will help to reduce the loss of sucrose., Известия вузов. Пищевая технология, Выпуск 1 (379) 2021

В работе представлены результаты исследования течения послеродовых психических расстройств с поиском предикторов развития определенных психических расстройств в будущем. Изучено 2246 историй болезни пациенток психоневрологического диспансера с дальнейшим формированием группы из 50 женщин, психическое расстройство которых дебютировало в послеродовом периоде. Контрольную группу составили 50 здоровых женщин. Методы исследования: клинико-катамнестический, анкетирование. Для оценки полученных данных были использованы методы ковариационного и линейного регрессионного анализа, непараметрические методы. Выявлено, что дебют психического расстройства чаще происходил в раннем послеродовом периоде. Предположение о снижении фертильности при перенесенном послеродовом психическом расстройстве не подтверждено. Такие факторы, как наличие преморбидной шизоидной акцентуации, бреда и других шизофренических симптомов в структуре послеродового психического расстройства, ассоциированы с развитием в дальнейшем расстройств шизофренического спектра. Наследственность, отягощенная злоупотреблением ПАВ или личностными девиациями у родственников, не является фактором риска развития психического заболевания в отличие от наследственности, отягощенной психическим заболеванием у близких родственников. Отягощенная наследственность, проблемы социальной адаптации в преморбиде не связаны с особенностями послеродового психического расстройства. Дисфункциональное воспитание в детстве с частыми конфликтами в семье способствует формированию расстройств аффективного спектра, но не органического, шизофренического или невротического расстройства. Депрессия в структуре послеродового психического расстройства не определяет формирование расстройства аффективного спектра в будущем., The paper presents the results of the study of the course of postpartum mental disorders with the search for predictors of the development of mental disorders in the future. We studied 2,246 case histories of patients at the psychoneurological dispensary with further formation of the group of 50 women, whose mental disorder debuted in the postpartum period. The control group consisted of 50 healthy women. Research methods: clinical and follow-up, questionnaire. The methods of covariance and linear regression analysis and nonparametric methods were used to evaluate the obtained data. It was found that the onset of mental disorder more often occurred in the early postpartum period. The assumption that there is a decrease of fertility in the presence of mental disorder after childbirth is not confirmed. Such factors as the presence of premorbid schizoid accentuation, delusions and other schizophrenic symptoms in the structure of postpartum mental disorder are associated with the development of schizophrenic spectrum disorders in the future. Heredity burdened with substance abuse or personal deviations in relatives is not a risk factor for development of mental illness, unlike heredity burdened with mental illness in close relatives. Burdened heredity, problems of social adaptation in premorbidity are not associated with the features of postpartum mental disorder. Dysfunctional parenting in childhood with frequent conflicts in the family contributes to the formation of affective spectrum disorders, but not organic, schizophrenic or neurotic disorders. Depression in the structure of postpartum mental disorder does not determine the formation of affective disorder in the future., Психиатрия, психотерапия и клиническая психология, Выпуск 2 2021, Pages 196-206

Рассмотрены явные симплектические разностные схемы Рунге–Кутты–Нистрема (RKN) с числом стадий от 1 до 5 для численного решения задач молекулярной динамики, описываемых системами с распадающимися гамильтонианами. Для числа стадий 2 и 3 параметры RKN-схем получены с помощью техники базисов Гребнера. Для числа стадий 4 и 5 новые схемы най дены с применением метода численной оптимизации Нелдера–Мида. В частности, для числа стадий 4 получены четыре новые схемы. Для числа стадий 5 получены три новые схемы в дополнение к четырем схемам, известным в литературе. Для каждого конкретного числа стадий найдена схема, являющаяся наилучшей с точки зрения минимума ведущего члена погрешности аппроксимации. Верификация схем осуществлена на задаче, имеющей точное решение. Показано, что симплектическая пятистадийная RKN-схема обеспечивает более точное сохранение баланса полной энергии системы частиц, чем схемы более низких порядков точности. Исследования устойчивости схем выполнены с помощью программного пакета Mathematica., The Runge–Kutta–Nyström (RKN) explicit symplectic difference schemes are considered with a number of stages from 1 to 5 for the numerical solution of molecular dynamics problems described by systems with separable Hamiltonians. For the numbers of stages 2 and 3, the parameters of the RKN schemes are obtained using the Gröbner basis technique. For the number of stages 4 and 5, new schemes were found using the Nelder–Mead numerical optimization method. In particular, four new schemes are obtained for the number of stages 4. For the number of stages 5, three new schemes are obtained in addition to the four schemes, which are well-known in the literature. For each specific number of stages, a scheme is found being the best in terms of the minimum of the leading term of the approximation error. Verification of the schemes is carried out on a problem that has an exact solution. It is shown that the symplectic five-stage RKN scheme provides a more accurate conservation of the total energy balance of the particle system than schemes of lower orders of accuracy. The stability studies of the schemes were performed using the Mathematica software package., ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ И ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЕ: НОВЫЕ ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, Выпуск 2 2021

The article substantiates the feasibility of studying the issue of seed germination of iris species under conditions of introduction. The viability of iris seeds from the subgenus Limniris (Iris ensataThunb.,Iris pseudacorusL.,Iris sanguineaDonn ex Hornem.,Iris setosaPall. ex Link,Iris versicolorL.) andXyridion(Iris carthaliniaeFomin,Iris gramineaL.,Iris orientalisThunb.) was estimated during long-term storage. Morphological and biological parameters of experimental seeds were descripted. The literature data on fast and one-time germination of seeds in representatives of the subgenusLimniriswas confirmed. The seeds of this group began to germinate after 21-36 days from sowing them in pots. In theXyridiongroup, seedlings appear after 2-4 months. The shortest period of seed germination (30 days) was observed forIris pseudacorus, the longest (2 years 7 months) - forIris graminea. The germination of iris seeds in moist habitats (subgenusLimniris) lasts for 4-6, the steppe species (subgenusXyridion) - 9-11 years.

The article considers the long-term dynamics of organic matter, biogenic and toxic elements in the reservoirs of the Lower Volga (Saratov and Volgograd) and the Ural River (Iriklinskoe), differing in geographical location, morphometric and hydrological characteristics. In the Ural reservoir, in contrast to the Lower Volga reservoirs, lower concentrations of mineral nitrogen, silicon, as well as indicators characterizing allochtonic organic matter, and a higher level of total and easily oxidable organic matter are recorded. There are differences in the seasonal and spatial dynamics of the ingredients. Despite the differences in the hydrochemical regime of the reservoirs under study, the synchronicity of the main indicators characterizing the trophic status of the aquatic ecosystem (total, easily oxidable and allochthonic organic matter, and nitrate nitrogen), as well as the amount of water flow through the corresponding hydroelectric facilities was revealed. Studies of the structure of a multidimensional array of general hydro/chemical indicators by the method of principal components revealed the universality of the processes occurring in reservoir ecosystems, the basis of which is surface runoff and seasonal changes.

Currently, a significant number of definitions of terms of different types of economy, including the term «new economy», has been developed, and the content of these definitions is often duplicated or not specific. Vertical and horizontal interrelations of these terms are not often expressed clearly, which reduces the quality of scientific researches in the field of economics and management. The subject of the study is the typology of the term “new economy” and related terms. The purpose of the study is clarification and addition of the typology of the term “new economy” and related terms, as well as to develop their adequate definitions. The hypothesis of the study is based on the fact, that the definitions of the studied terms include duplicate components and classification features or do not contain the necessary components and classification features. Therefore, these definitions can be refined and supplemented on the basis of terminological analysis. Logical-structural methods have been chosen as research methods: terminological analysis, grouping, typology and classification. The major components and classification features of definitions of different types of the economics have been revealed and grouped in the article. Classification features and their combinations have been substantiated. Options for the classifications of different types of economics have been developed and their structure has been justified. The basic and refined definitions of different types of economics have been proposed. The scientific contribution has been provided by the correct choice and use of the empirical base, application of adequate research methods, the substantiation of the author’s typology of terms of different types of economics, allowing to obtain their unambiguous definitions.The results of the study allow to adjust a number of provisions of the economics theory, ensuring the improvement of its terminological apparatus and structure.

The transformation of the environment (EM), its geological components, due to the intensification of technogenesis caused a response in foreign science: it was proposed to name the period of the development of this process as «anthropocene» and officially recognize the term as a subsection of the Holocene era in the framework of the Quarter General Stratigraphic scale (Anthropogen). This recognition implies a planetary representativeness of the process, which is actually absent. There is also no consensus on the time threshold for the start of the estimated period. Various authors date the threshold from 8 thousand years ago (comparable in duration with the Holocene) to the present time. Illustrative examples of the anthropogenic transformations of the EM are presented in Eurasia. Thus, in Western Europe, the intensification of such activities is associated with the beginning of the industrial revolution (the end of the 18th century), which was observed in Russia about 100 years later (the second half of the 19th century). In the South-Eastern Baltic, conflicting changes in the state of the water area, shores and the bottom have been occurring since the end of the 19th century and up to the present. They are mechanical (catastrophic abrasion of the coast, port of Libava), ecological and radiation-hygienic in nature (pollution of the water area, burial at the bottom of the chemical waste of World Wars, emissions of deadly shells and bombs, echoes of the Chernobyl disaster). The reference point for the use and testing of nuclear weapons since 1945 is the fallout of radionuclides in Eurasia. Temporary thresholds and powers of influence are determined by the industrial development of civilizations, which is uneven in time and space. In remote corners of the planet, the term «anthropocene» loses its meaning. An analysis has shown that the term’s ratification within the chronostratigraphic scale is unacceptable.

Introduction.For a better theoretical understanding of the notion of “impact” (introduced by E. Garfield in 1955) definitions and perceptions of the mentioned notion used in scientometric literature have been analyzed.Materials and methods.Analytical interpretation of the scientific literature related to this problem (since 1955). The author considers the concept “impact” in its initial meaning of ‘scientific impact’.Results.The existing and used meanings of the term “impact” either are treated as a synonym of “influence” or do not go beyond the concept of “strong impression”, or coincide with the meaning of the term “pertinence”, or refer to purely technical indicators.Discussion and Conclusions.The conclusion has been made that that it is unreasonable to consider “impact” as a key notion of scientometrics because the notion is not sufficiently defined.

Among the relevant studies on lactic acid bacteria there are projects devoted to the multienzyme complexes of starter cultures, new competitive bacterial concentrates and their use in fermented functional milk products. In fermented milk production, the process of albuminolysis has a significant impact on the consistency, taste, and smell of the product. Therefore, lactic acid bacteria with high proteolytic properties are of the greatest interest for fermented milk industry. The present research features long- term methods for preservation of the properties of lactic acid microorganisms. The experiment defined the regime parameters of combined starter lyophilisation. The results prove that fermented milk production requires high-quality starter strains. The authors developed a long-term method for preservation of properties of particular strains of lactic acid microorganisms. The method presupposes freeze-drying with the following parameters: freezing temperature – minus 25°C in a protective 5%-glycerol medium (90 minutes); the drying temperature – 30°C (6 hours); refrigerating load – 5.45 kW/m²; residual pressure – 0.6‒0.8 kPa, bed depth – 2 mm. The authors also developed the necessary documentation (No. 9225-096-02054145-2013), procedures, and formula of the fermented milk product with a combined direct application starter.

The objectiveof the study was to evaluate the long-term results of endoscopic papillosphincterotomy in cases of choledocholithiasis and papillary stenosis.Material and methods. We carried out retrospective analysis of the results of endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST) due to the presence of choledocholithiasis (group 1, n=117) and papillary stenosis (group 2, n=55) along with the combination of the above (group 3, n=6) in a total of 178 patients. Clinical and endoscopic results of the intervention were studied in all patients in the long-term (from 1 to 30 years).Results. Based on the analysis of the complex examination, including endoscopic functional tests, treatment results were evaluated as good in 80 % of patients, satisfactory in 16 % of patients and unsatisfactory in 4 % of patients (after endoscopic correction of papillary stenosis).Conclusion.The cicatrisation process in the papillotomy opening exhibits the most intensively in patients with papillary stenosis combined with choledocholithiasis and without it, lasts until 4.5–5 years after surgery. Dynamic observation of patients after EPST is obligatory for early diagnosis of restenosis in the papillotomy opening.

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the soil cultural layers of the settlement monuments of the developed late Bronze Age of the XIX–XVII centuries. BC. (1930–1750 BC, 1890–1740 BC, 2830–2820 BC, 1875–1840 BC, 1820–1795 BC, 1780–1685 BC, 1670–1665 BC (Beta Analytic – 347344, 347343, 352489, 395800) of the Southern Urals after the population's withdrawal. Monuments are monogenetic, located in the middle reaches of the river Urshak, with its tributary the Belyi Kluch River, created by the population of Srubnaya and Alakul cultural communities. The cultural layers are exposed, that is, the duration of the processes of soil formation and transformation is more than 3,5 thousand years.

The paper examines some key concepts of forensic science, namely the subject, object and objectives of investigation, in terms of how they are defined and how they relate to each other. It follows the history of the term «the subject of forensic facial recognition» as a special case of the subject of forensic science. The essence of the term «the subject of forensic facial recognition» is embodied in the facts and circumstances investigated by means of scientific analysis of objective representations of the features of human appearance and established by thoroughly addressing specific diagnostic and identification objectives. It is important to distinguish the essence and substance of the subject of forensic investigation from its objects and objectives.

The vital features of Elsanta and Vima Xima strawberry varieties by long-term covering with white and yellow "Spunbond" fabric of 17 g/m2 density in the moderate continental climate of the Central Black Earth Region of the Russian Federation were studied. In 2015-2016 during the process of vegetation light intensity. soil and air temperature as well as dry weight. leaf area. maximum Fm and stationary FT fluorescence level. photosynthetic activity index Y = (Fm - FT)/Fm were determined. Both varieties are characterized by a decrease in the Y parameter of strawberry leaves by 16-22% under white material. especially during active vegetation (July - first decade of August). which is less evident under yellow fabric (3-9 %). It is shown that such a reaction is due to the optical properties of the cover. as the yellow material transmission index is 7.2% higher in the red region of the spectrum and 13.8% lower in the blue region of the spectrum as compared to white fabric. By the development of new agricultural technologies and correct interpretation of the received results with the use of non-woven polypropylene cover material "Spunbond". especially for long-term operation. it is necessary to control and take into account not only the shielding but also the spectral characteristics of the material.

Among species Myodes (Clethrionomys) dwelling in Russia long-term population dynamics of grey red-backed vole (Myodes rufocanus) has been the least studied. To fill this gap we constructed the spectra of the long-term cyclicity of the population dynamics of the vole in different parts of its area and investigated them. In addition, we determined the parameters of perennial rhythms and revealed the features of cyclicity and possible geographical patterns of its changes. We also described the invariant parts of the population rhythm spectrum. Data from western (Northern Sweden, Finland and Kola Peninsula), central (Middle Urals, Western Siberia, Eastern Sayan and Baikal region) and eastern parts of the range (Hokkaido Island and Magadan Reserve) were used. When processing these data, we used spectral analysis programs. It allowed us to obtain a visual representation of the entire set of population cycles of Myodes rufocanus, and to compare the periods and powers of harmonic components. The cycles of long-term dynamics in high frequency bands are shown in all studied populations. 9–14-year cycles of population dynamics are found in many populations in middle frequencies, and on some spectra there are more than 20-years periodic components. Population rhythms of M. rufocanus are adjusted to natural cycles such as cyclical changes in climate conditions. Long-term preservation of such population cycles promotes adaptations to the changes in local climate conditions.

Проведена оценка стресс-реализующих гормонов у речников до и после длительного рейса в условиях Якутии. Выявлены значимое повышение уровня тиреоидных гормонов (ТТГ, ТЗ, Т4) и тестостерона, а также снижение кортизола и интегрального тиреоидного индекса, что свидетельствует о напряжении, а также признаках истощения адаптационных механизмов., The stress-releasing hormones in river workers before and after a long voyage in Yakutia have been evaluated. We revealed a significant increase in the level of thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4) and testosterone, as well as a decrease in cortisol and integral thyroid index, that is indicating stress, as well as signs of depletion of adaptive mechanisms., Якутский медицинский журнал, Выпуск 3 (71) 2020

В условиях Республики Коми в полевом стационарном опыте на дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой почве изучена эффективность различных доз органических и минеральных удобрений, а также совместного их применения. Исследования проводили в 1978–2019 годах на опытных полях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН. Целью проводимых исследований было изучение влияния комплексного применения удобрений на продуктивность и качество кормовых культур в шестипольном севообороте. Кормовой севооборот имел следующее чередование культур: картофель, викоовсяная смесь с подсевом многолетних трав, многолетние травы 1 г.п., многолетние травы 2 г.п., викоовсяная смесь, картофель. В результате научных исследований (более 40 лет) установлено, что наиболее эффективной была органоминеральная система удобрений, особенно при внесении 80 т/га торфонавозного компоста (ТНК) и минеральных удобрений. Многолетние исследования показали, что наиболее значительные урожаи кормовых культур (в среднем за три ротации) получены при использовании 80 т/га ТНК и NPK: однолетних трав — 4,4 т/га; многолетних трав — 6,2 и картофеля — 7,1 т/га сухого вещества высокого качества. Содержание сухого вещества в клубнях картофеля в вариантах с NPK составило 18,0–18,8%, на органическом фоне — 18,4–18,9 и при комплексном применении удобрений — 17,1–17,7; в контроле — 19,6%. Количество крахмала в картофеле незначительно различалось по вариантам опыта и равнялось 12,6–13,1%. Содержание нитратов не превышало ПДК (250 мг/кг сырой массы). Количество сухого вещества в однолетних и многолетних травах изменялось незначительно и составляло 19,0–19,8 и 25,0–26,8% соответственно. Установлено, что удобрения способствовали повышению содержания сырого протеина в однолетних и многолетних травах до 13,1–15,0% (в контроле — 11,2%) и 8,8–10,6 % (в контроле — 8,1%) соответственно., The impact of various rates of organic and mineral fertilizers was analyzed in the Komi Republic on sod-podzolic soil with low loam content. The research took place at the Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology in 1978–2019. The goal was to test forage crop productivity and quality under fertilization and six-field crop rotation. Crop rotation happened as follows: potatoes, vetch-oat mixture overseeded by perennial grasses, first-year perennial grasses, second-year perennial grasses, vetch-oat mixture, potatoes. For 40 years the combination of mineral and organic fertilizers was the most effective. The highest yields for three rotations were observed under the application of 80 t ha-1 of peat-manure compost and NPK: annual grasses produced 4.4 t ha-1; perennial grasses — 6.2, and potatoes — 7.1 t ha-1 of high-quality dry matter (DM). Potato tubers accumulated 18.0–18.8% of DM under NPK application, 18.4–18.9 — under organic nutrition, 17.1–17.7 — when using complex fertilization, and 19.6% — in the control. Starch content varied within 12.6–13.1% in potatoes. Nitrate content did not exceed the maximum acceptable concentration (250 mg/kg of raw mass). DM concentrations amounted to 19.0–19.8 and 25.0–26.8% in annual and perennial grasses, respectively. Fertilization increased crude protein amount in annual and perennial grasses up to 13.1–15.0% (versus 11.2% in the control) and 8.8–10.6 % (versus 8.1%), respectively., Кормопроизводство, Выпуск 8 2020

В статье представлены результаты исследований формирования продуктивности бобово-злаковых травосмесей, созданных с участием самовозобновляющихся видов трав: полевицы гигантской ВИК 2, мятлика лугового Балин и овсяницы красной Максима. Исследования 2018–2019 годов показали, что данные травы обладают высоким потенциалом вегетативного возобновления. По обеспеченности побегами и шильцами на второй год жизни отличилась овсяница красная: 320–600 шт./м2— на естественном фоне произрастания и 320–680 шт./м2 — при внесении минеральных удобрений в дозе N45Р45К45. Обеспеченность почками возобновления у исследуемых видов трав превосходила количество побегов в 2,0–2,1 раза на неудобренных и 2,3–2,7 раза — на фоне удобрений. Преобладание почек возобновления над побегами указывает на высокую приспособленность видов к длительному вегетативному возобновлению в данных условиях. Высокие показатели органов возобновления отмечены у мятлика лугового — 2,1–2,7 и овсяницы красной — 2,0–2,7. Коэффициент реализации почек (отношение побегов к почкам, выраженное в процентах) наиболее высоким был у неудобренных трав — 48,8–50,0%. Установлено, что неудобренные травостои 1-го года пользования, созданные на основе низовых злаков, сформировали 14,2–18,1 т/га зелёной массы. Продуктивность травостоев с полевицей составляла в среднем 16,2 т/га, с мятликом — 15,3 т/га, с овсяницей красной — 15,7 т/га зелёной массы. Травосмеси, в составе которых был райграс пастбищный, обеспечивали меньшую продуктивность — 14,2–15,2 т/га, что на 2,4–2,7 т/га меньше по сравнению с травостоями с овсяницей тростниковой (16,6–18,1 т/га). Значительных изменений урожайности травостоев от вида бобового компонента (люцерны изменчивой и лядвенца рогатого) не установлено. Внесение удобрений способствовало росту продуктивности самовозобновляющихся травостоев. Урожайность зелёной массы и сбор сухого вещества увеличились в 2 раза. Наибольшую продуктивность на фоне удобрений обеспечили травостои с мятликом луговым — 3,60–4,70 тыс. корм. ед. Наименее продуктивными были травостои с полевицей гигантской — 3,57–4,42 т/га., The article reports on the productivity of legume-gramineous swards of “VIK 2” giant bentgrass, “Balin” bluegrass, and “Maksim” red fescue. The research conducted in 2018–2019 proved high potential of these species to vegetative regeneration. Red fescue developed a lot of shoots and seedlings in the second life cycle: 320–600 pcs/m2 — without fertilization and 320–680 pcs/m2— when applying N45Р45К45. Plants formed more buds than shoots showing good adaptability to a long-term vegetative regeneration. Bud number of bluegrass and red fescue exceeded the shoot number by 2.1–2.7 and 2.0–2.7 times, respectively. Unfertilized plants showed the highest bud formation coefficient — 48.8–50.0%. Low-growing grasses produced 14.2–18.1 t ha-1of green mass under no fertilization in the first year. Bentgrass swards yielded 16.2 t ha-1 of green mass, bluegrass — 15.3 t ha-1, red fescue — 15.7 t ha-1. Perennial ryegrass mixtures had the lowest productivity (14.2–15.2 t ha-1) while tall fescue provided 16.6–18.1 t ha-1. Legume component insignificantly affected stand productivity. Fertilization improved crop performance. Green mass and dry matter yields increased by 2 times. Fertilized bluegrass ecosystems performed the best yielding 3.60–4.70 thousand feed units. Bentgrass swards gave the lowest yield of 3.57–4.42 t ha-1., Кормопроизводство, Выпуск 6,2020 2020

Представлено описание клинического наблюдения трансуретральной резекции простаты у пациента, длительно страдающим дизурическими явлениями ввиду наличия доброкачественной гиперплазии предстательной железы., This article presents a clinical case of transurethral resection of the prostate in a patient with long-term dysuria due to benign prostatic hyperplasia., Вестник Национального медико-хирургического Центра им. Н.И. Пирогова, Выпуск 1 2020

Проведено изучение активности гемодинамической реакции человека на общее кратковременное охлаждение в холодовой камере в течение 5 мин при температуре -25°С в зависимости от исходного содержания нейтрофилов в периферической венозной крови. Фоновая нейтропения снижает уровень гемодинамической реакции на кратковременное общее охлаждение, обусловливая менее выраженное перераспределение нейтрофилов и лимфоцитов из циркулирующего в маргинальный пул. Достижение необходимого в данных условиях перераспределения требует более значимой вазоконстрикции и высоких концентраций эндотелина-1., The hemodynamic activity of human response to general short-term cooling during 5 minutes in cold chamber at -25°C, depending on the initial content of neutrophils in the peripheral venous blood, was evaluated. Background neutropenia reduces the hemodynamic response to shortterm general cooling, resulting in less pronounced redistribution of neutrophils and lymphocytes from the circulating to the marginal pool. The achievement of required in these terms redistribution needs a more significant vasoconstriction and high concentrations of endothelin-1., Якутский медицинский журнал, Выпуск 3 (71) 2020

С целью установления характера иммунного реагирования на кратковременное холодовое воздействие с учетом уровня АТФ в лимфоцитах периферической крови у практически здоровых северян были обследованы жители г. Архангельска обоего пола, средний возраст которых составил 35 (8,7) лет. Для одной группы обследуемых с изначально более высоким уровнем АТФ в лимфоцитах ответ на гипотермию охарактеризовался снижением концентрации АТФ при неменяющемся общем количестве лимфоцитов и снижением преимущественно фенотипа CD16+ клеток-киллеров. Реакция другой группы проявилась ростом концентрации АТФ при уменьшении числа лимфоцитов и выраженным снижением CD4+ клеток-хелперов и CD71+ клеток с рецептором к трансферрину. Также в первой группе повысилось содержание провоспалительных цитокинов TNFa и IL-6, в то время как во второй группе наблюдалось снижение уровня лимфоцитактивирующего цитокина IL-1p., The immune system constantly responds to various environmental stimuli. The aim of the study was to investigate immune effects of short-term cold exposure taking into account ATP level in peripheral blood lymphocytes in healthy residents of the North. So, the total number of lymphocytes and their phenotypes, as well as the content of cytokines and the concentration of ATP in the lymphocytes were determined in 38 volunteers twice (before and after their short-term stay for 5 minutes in a cold chamber at t = -25°C). Cluster analysis revealed two statistically different groups. The first group with an initially higher ATP level in lymphocytes responded to hypothermia by lower ATP concentration with the unchanging total number of lymphocytes as well as by a decrease in predominantly CD16+ killer-cells. The other group reacted by an increase in ATP concentration with a decrease in the number of lymphocytes and by a pronounced decrease in CD4+ helper-cells and in CD71+ cells with a transferrin receptor. Also, the proinflammatory cytokines TNFa and IL-6 increased in the first group, while the second group showed a decrease in the level of lymphocyte-activating cytokine IL-1p. It can be assumed that the response to hypothermia in the first group is provided through the CIRP-NFkB-TNFa axis and leads to an increase in the risk of non-infectious inflammation. For the second group, a protective mechanism is triggered to restrain lymphocyte activity and the development of T-cell-mediated inflammation through regulation by means of T-effector and T-regulatory cells AMPK balance, autophagy, mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. The study of the immune response to hypothermia is important for understanding the cellular mechanisms of adaptation as well as for the search of targets to correct the immune response., Якутский медицинский журнал, Выпуск 4 (72) 2020, Pages 90-93

Статья посвящена исследованию термина "national", проявляющегося в его семантической вариативности в рамках британского конституционного интертекста., The article studies the evolution of the term "national", manifested by its semantic variability in the framework of the British constitutional intertext. The semantic heterogeneity and the resulting ambiguity along with the orig-inality of the intertext of the British Constitution requires further investigation of the term considered. The term "national", which is a hyperonym, is presented as a structure from the perspective of the prototypical approach, which is based on the concept of the prototypical referent, or standardized actualization of a special concept, or a prototypical significatum. From this point of view the term is objectified as a structure consisting of the nucleus, or prototypical referent, the paranuclear area that contains referents with the majority of the prototypical significative features, and the periphery including referents having significatum, which coincides with the prototype least of all., Политическая лингвистика, Issue № 4 (82), Pages 102-113

Modern technologies and tools for the rehabilitation of patients with Alzheimer’s disease have many potential applications for the treatment of dementia from diagnosis and evaluation to medical care, medical, social and economic support: from healthy aging, to accelerated and pathological aging of Homo sapiens. Doctor and neuroscientist: a modern solution to problems of rehabilitation ‘cognitive brain’ of Homo sapiens using on the one hand, tools and technologies of artificial intelligence, and with another — a multidisciplinary collaboration with clinical neurophysiologist ‘universal’ specialist in the field of neurology, psychiatry, psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and geriatrics. Systems biology, Biophysics, physiology, neurophysiology and highlight the multidimensional and combinatorial profiles of genetic, biological, pathophysiological and clinical biomarkers that reflects the heterogeneity of neurodegeneration, by means of modern efficient analysis tools to register and create comprehensive maps of the brain and recording of dynamic models in different systems: from molecules to neurons to brain regions. Bioinformatics, neuroimaging and neurophysiology of systems are aimed at calculating neural network models of the relationship between structure and dynamic function in brain networks. Structural and functional markers of the brain establish a link between clinical phenotypes and molecular pathophysiological mechanisms. Phenotypic variability is now considered one of the biggest problems in gerontology and geriatrics. MRI imaging to detect subtle changes in brain tissue and structure, fMRI imaging to measure changes in brain activity, and EEG to measure electrical activity have given clinicians many new insights into what happens in the brain in healthy and pathological ageing. The paradigm of system neurophysiology is aimed at studying the fundamental principles of functioning of integrated neural systems through the integration and analysis of neural information recorded in a multimodal way (for example, fMRI and EEG), through computational modelling and combining data mining methods. The ultimate goal of systemic neurophysiology is to find out how signals are represented in neocortical networks and what role many different neural components play. Modern artificial intelligence technologies are capable of many things, including predicting Alzheimer's disease with the help of combined and hybrid neuroimaging, sequencing of a new generation, etc., in order to start timely and effective rehabilitation brain Homo Sapiens

В ФНЦ ВИК им. В. Р. Вильямса проводятся длительные опыты, заложенные М.С. Афанасьевой и П.И. Ромашовым в 1946 году на суходоле временно избыточного увлажнения с дерновоподзолистой суглинистой почвой. В статье дана количественная оценка суммарного производства валовой энергии на долголетних пастбищных экосистемах на основе нового метода энергетической оценки луговых агроэкосистем. Приведены конкретные энергетические показатели по накоплению валовой энергии и распределению её в надземной и подземной массе и изменению энергоёмкости плодородия почвы. Новизна использованной методики заключается в том, что впервые оценка пастбищных агроэкосистем проведена на основе баланса поступления и расхода валовой энергии, позволяющей обосновать роль антропогенных затрат и природных факторов и их взаимодействие. При долголетнем (свыше 70 лет) использовании пастбищных экосистем с неудобряемыми фитоценозами суммарное воспроизводство валовой энергии может достигать 3,6 тыс. ГДж/га, а на фоне полного минерального удобрения 9,4 11,1 тыс. ГДж/га. В структуре накопления валовой энергии основная доля (80 93) приходится на надземную массу фитоценозов, суммарная энергоёмкость подземной массы и плодородия почвы составила только 7 20 в результате снижения темпов продуцирования подземной массы после второго десятилетия жизни травостоев. Совокупные антропогенные затраты на производство валовой энергии возрастали по сравнению с техногенной системой (без удобрений) в 2,1 3,5 раза в результате увеличения доз минеральных удобрений и на 33 76 в интегрированной и техногенноорганических системах. Однако окупаемость их за счёт увеличения производства валовой энергии составляла 5,2 6,7 раза при внесении полной смеси удобрений, при внесении PK 9,9 раза, при внесении навоза 6,0 6,8 раза. Это объясняется значительным повышением энергоёмкости природных факторов и мобилизации их в продукционный процесс. Мобилизация природных факторов в дополнительное накопление валовой энергии пастбищными агробиогеоценозами соответствует, с учётом энергетического эквивалента на дизельное топливо 52,7 МДж/кг, 1,7 т/га в год при интегрированной системе, 2,0 2,4 т/га при техногенноминеральных и 1,2 1,3 т/га при техногенноорганических системах., Longterm experiment started in 1946. The article presents the data on gross energy productivity determined by the new method of grassland evaluation as well as its accumulation and distribution in tops, roots and soil. For the first time energy income and consumption were used to characterize the effect of anthropogenic and natural factors on ecosystems. Longterm (over 70 years) crop cultivation under no fertilization provided 3.6 thousand GJ ha1 of energy, on the background of NPK 9.4 11.1 thousand GJ ha1. Energy mainly accumulated in tops (80 93) while roots and soil contained only 7 20 of energy due to the decreased rate in underground mass production after 20 years. Total anthropogenic costs increased by 2.1 3.5 times compared to the natural background as fertilizer rate rose, and by 33 76 in integrated and organic systems. But due to the increase in energy production their payback improved by 5.2 6.7 times under NPK application, 9.9 times on the background of PK and 6.0 6.8 times when using manure. Transformation of natural factors into the additional gross energy content corresponded to 1.7 t ha1 per year for the integrated system, 2.0 2.4 t ha1 for the mineral system and 1.2 1.3 t ha1 for the organic system., №8(2019) (2019)

The methodical basics of management of business value are covered, the conceptual framework on sources of special literature is specified. As definitions of the term «business value» strongly differ owing to its complexity and discrepancy, authors have tried to give own definition of a concept. Besides, authors allocate estimated indicators between which the narrowness of interrelation and their influence on business value have been defined. Results of a research of traditional tools of estimation of cost of business are also presented, the possibility of his use in management of business value by selection of necessary elements for the effective organization of this process is considered.

The article presents a review of scientific works by Russian, Kazakh and Ukrainian scientists published over the period 1999–2017 and exploring the definitions of the terms «expert» and «forensic expert» in forensic science, and observes a variety of approaches to how these definitions are formed. The term «forensic expert» is analyzed as it appears in forensic science legislation of the CIS member states. The key limitations of these definitions are discussed, including inconsistencies with laws of logic, linguistic rules, and legislative drafting conventions. The author proposes to define the term «expert» as «an employee of a public or private forensic organization». This definition can be used in the development and improvement of legal norms regulating forensic services. Further, the author defines the term «forensic expert» as «a person entrusted to perform a forensic examination». The proposed definition can be used to improve criminal and civil procedure legislation in CIS member states.

The experimental and theoretical research of the single-span reinforced concrete beam with artificial flaw in tension area under the action of static short-term loads is performed. The stress-strain state of the structure, based on numerical simulation using finite element software system ANSYS, is investigated. The results of numerical simulation are compared with the experimental results. It is shown that under static short-term loads, the beams with pre-cracking have the crack formation of significantly different nature in comparison with the beams without pre-cracking. The comparative analysis of the experimental data of the reinforced concrete beam under short-term loading with the results of ANSYS Software program modeling is carried out in the article. The introduction of the artificial defects to the tension area of beams would lead to the significant change in the stress- strain state of the structure and to «mild» nature of its deformation. The result of such beams deflections under the load is less than deflections of beams without artificial flaws. The recommendations on the beams’ designing with artificial flaws are given in the article. The results of the modeling cracks’ feasibility in the manufacturing process are demonstrated in the research, because there are the possibilities to regulate the stress fields.