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The article studies great importance of livestock products for human body and considers the types of fodder used in animal feeding. The data on ten leading regions in mixed fodder production (Belgorod region, Voronezh region, Chelyabinsk region, Tambov region, Krasnodar region, Leningrad region, Republic of Mordovia, Kursk region, Stavropol region, Penza region) has been given. The historical aspect of mixed fodder production in Russia has been presented and advantage of mini-mills in increasing the volume of mixed fodder production shown. The methodical approach to estimating economic expediency of purchase and use of mixed fodders for animal feeding has been offered and necessity of detailed economic calculations on each concrete variant of purchased mixed fodders use noted. Possible variants of mini-feed mills location have been highlighted considering advanced mini-feed mills of various capacities available in the domestic market.

Introduction. In the economy of states, one of the constant tasks remains to ensure the urgent needs of the population, in an autumn-winter period in cities and settlements, the task of providing fuel (coal) to households is highlighted. The demand for coal is limited by solvency and distributed over the entire period of negative air temperatures. Hence, the supply of coal for the period of heating of dwellings is formed, in many cases, by purchasing lots of coal, representing a share of the total demand during the specified period. The purpose of this work is to find reasonable answers on the use of transportation technologies for limited shipments of goods in cities.Materials and methods. The solution to the problem was carried out within the framework of operational planning for the transportation of limited shipments of coal for the population throughout the city on the basis of the concept of an approach to building a general theory of truck systems functioning for motor transport shipping network, using a regulatory approach when calculating transportation costs, descriptive models of the car’s operation in micro- and delivery motor transport shipping network.Results. Through mathematical modelling, reasonable values of operational plans for the transportation of limited shipments of coal in cities by machine technology and delivery were obtained. Regulatory approach to cost calculation, electronic database of road transport industry updated at the date of calculation. Software and mathematical support for calculating the costs of cargo transportation as part of models of micro and especially small motor transport systems made it possible to reliably determine the planned values of transportation costs by machine technology and delivery.Discussion and conclusion. The advantage of using delivery technology in the conditions under consideration has been established, when transporting coal by road using the case of a city.

A method is proposed for determining the fuel consumption of a wheeled vehicle depending on its speed, road surface flatness and road slope in the longitudinal direction. The purpose of the research is to derive mathematical relationships for calculating the fuel consumption of vehicles, which is one of the transport cost factors during the construction/reconstruction or overhaul of a highway. The proposed polynomial dependencies for calculating fuel in addition to vehicle speed, road surface flatness and its longitudinal slope take into account the mass-dimensional parameters of vehicles involved in road traffic. New mathematical relationships between the speed of wheeled vehicles, road surface flatness and longitudinal road slope allow to simulate the change in the value of fuel consumption of a wheeled vehicle when the speed of traffic flow or the slope of the road surface changes in the forward or reverse direction of the vehicle. In a graphic way, the influence of the pavement slope on the value of fuel consumption, both loaded and unloaded wheeled vehicle is presented. When determining transport costs associated with the highway construction, reconstruction or overhaul it is proposed to use empirical mathematical relationships, which make it possible to obtain fuel consumption with an accuracy of 5 % and save up to 15 % of budget (private) investments. The analysis of scientific publications of the existing approach determine the transport costs associated with highway construction, reconstruction or overhaul. The presented method for determining the fuel consumption of wheeled vehicles with small and large loading capacity increases the accuracy of determining transportation costs and reduces the level of financial costs for highway construction, reconstruction or overhaul.

For any company that sells its products in the networks of city stores, the urgent issue is the optimal delivery of their goods. During routing it is necessary to take into account many restrictions caused by specific conditions of transportation process in the city: number of cargoes, nature of cargoes, delivery time, structure of fleet and its presence, work time of enterprises for load matching, drivers’ working hours, loading capacity, road congestion etc. These days, the process of efficient manual routing is difficult because of many restrictions and delivery points wherein it is almost impossible to take into account the road congestion for specific routes. Today's companies are increasingly interested in outsourcing. One of the options for routes planning for enterprises is to use special software products that allow to plan optimal routes according to the chosen criteria and under specific conditions. The process of formation of routes using the Ant Logistics service, based on the Ant Colony optimization algorithm are analysed in the paper. Comparing the two options of forming routes to serve one of the largest retail chains in Kharkiv with the application of Ant Logistics service, it has been elucidated that the application of Ant Colony algorithm is more optimal than the Clarke-Wright algorithm based on delivery routes indicators.

The paper purpose is to analyze the features, difficulties and advantages of transporting groupage cargo. Design/methodology/approach. Basic research methods are the methods of of economic analysis, systematization, synthesis and comparison. Findings. The article gives a clear understanding of the combined, consolidated (less-than-truck loads) cargo and the peculiarities of the carriage of this type of cargo. The advantages of transportation of less-than-truck loads, requirements to them are given. The emphasis has been placed on the economic benefits of consolidated cargo transportation, and conditions are put in place to achieve a reduction in the cost of combined transport. The stages of transportation of less-than-truck loads, participants of the process of the corresponding transportations are considered. The possibilities of consolidation are analyzed – the use of multilevel consolidation and re-consolidation. The emphasis is placed on the need for clear information provision for transportation of combined goods, examples of technical means that can be used in this case are given. Research limitations/implications. The limiting factor in the development of transportation of less-than-truck loads is the complexity of their organization and control, as well as the need for a clear transfer of control over the cargo of each shipper during transportation. It is a well-known fact that the more participants in the transportation process, the more difficult is the transfer of responsibility for the cargo, which complicates the proceedings in disputes for its damage. Originality/value. The significance of the work consists in focusing on the efficiency of transportation of less-than-truck loads and the complexity of its organization and control. Clear understanding of the stages of the process of consolidated goods transportation allows you to see possible bottlenecks of the transportation process.

The overview of some theoretical approaches to the mechanism of economic valuation of travel time variability and the value of travel time savings of urban passenger transport is provided. Each estimate depends on the demographic characteristics of the population, the type of transport, time, location and purpose of the trip, as well as the available choice of alternatives. The decisions of experts in a context of consumption choice based on utility maximization, subject to constraints on income and the minimum amount of time required by each activity are described. There in sum, there is a broad consensus on the approach adopted and the relevant variables and categories, as well as a degree of similarity in the specific values recommended.

Logistics plays a significant role in resource provision of automobile road construction. The following specific factors have rather high influential character, namely: necessity to use various types of material resources, presence of multicomponent semi-finished products that require final preparation on the construction site, rather large linear length of objects that requires formation of logistics road-construction flow, distance from production bases of construction organizations, dependence of production on natural and climatic factors, distinct seasonality of executed works. All these conditions influence on specific organizational and economic forms of logistics processes while constructing automobile roads. In order to apply a logistics approach for organization of the automobile road construction it is expedient to make modeling of systems for supply of material resources to ensure continuous process of works. Such approach will permit to specify processes requiring optimization. The proposed logistics approach to rational organization of supply for material resources required for automobile road construction presupposes control of all operations which must be carried out on the path of material flow motion. Specific feature of supply chain of material resources in the logistics system for automobile road construction is a direct dependence of final product quality on technology compliance during execution of works which is directly connected with timely supply of materials. Optimization is achieved through selection of quantitative composition of transport facilities, improvement of their productivity and selection of rational transportation schemes using a criterion of minimum cost. Usage of mathematical apparatus allows to calculate optimal number of transport facilities in the logistics system for automobile road construction, ensuring smooth delivery of material resources to the object with due account of the required rate of construction works.

The article demonstrates the possibilities of spatial analysis provided by the Agent-Based Multiregional Input - Output Model (ABMIOM) of the Russian economy. The basic hypothesis of the ABMIOM is that agents’ decisions at the microeconomic level lead to spatial changes at the macro level. Confirmation of this hypothesis requires experimental calculations with changes in various parameters that influence agents’ decisions (such as prices, taxes, tariffs, etc.). Analyzing the results of these calculations requires moving from microeconomic data to the macro level. The paper proposes a method for the structural analysis of the model simulation results using input-output tables. The method involves statistical aggregation of calculation results, construction of regional, national and interregional input-output tables and structural analysis of the obtained tables including calculation of regional Leontief multipliers. The method proposed is used to study the influence of the level of transport costs on the geographical structure of trade flows. The results of the experiments confirmed that with the increase of transportation costs economic agents prefer to interact with nearest agents, which leads to a decreased interregional commodity exchange and to economic «insulation» of the regions.

Russia needs to fit into the international geopolitical and geo-economic landscape. The formation of this landscape is largely determined by alternating integration and disintegration cycles in the development of the world economy. The second global disintegration cycle that started in 2008 is expected to last 15—20 years. It will be followed by a new integration cycle, largely dependent on China (Pax Sinensis instead of Pax Americana). This change necessitates a number of steps: a significant strengthening of the Eastern vector in the development of Russia, the formation of the Moscow-Beijing-New Delhi triangle (Evgeny Primakov's idea) as well as providing access of energy-intensive and water-intensive goods from East Siberia by railway to the Chinese and Indian markets. Russia has expressed its interest in the construction of a railway from China to India. It will allow Russia to reduce transportation costs and use a potentially heavy transit traffic for the modernization of the Transsibirian railway. These steps could radically change the role of the Baltic exclave of Russia: from being a ‘window to Europe’ the region is to turn into the westernmost point of a infrastructure axis extending from east to west. The creation of such an axis, combined with a sharp fall in transportation costs will facilitate the access of energy-intensive and water-intensive goods from the Urals and Siberia to the Asian and European markets. The Kaliningrad region is increasingly taking on business facilitating functions, which used to be performed by the Soviet Baltic republics in the past. The region can play a more important role in the formation of Eurasia stretching from Shanghai to St. Petersburg (according to Dmitry Trenin), instead of the Europe from Lisbon to Vladivostok.

The conducted analysis of the international experience of UET development has shown that recently a significant advantage is given to electric transport, as environmentally friendly. There is an opposite tendency in the market of urban transport services of passenger transportation in Ukraine. Insufficient funding from the state budget revenue losses from subsidy contingent transportation leads to the use of outdated transport vehicles and reduction of the public electric transport routes. However, almost all economically developed countries provide funding up to 80 % from the federal budget, necessary to improve the operation of public passenger transport. A set of measures for stating transport work requirements for urban electric transport enterprises was proposed. The basic approaches to forming tariffs, determining the compensation for the difference between fixed tariffs and actual transportation cost, the value of compensation for income losses of subsidy passenger transportation were given. The directions of representing these aspects of funding transportation work of urban electric transport in the preparation of the agreement on the organization of passenger transportation with local authorities, ensuring the availability of transport services and the creation of conditions for sustainable and safe passenger transportation, were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work attempt of systematization of formal representation of a problem of placement becomes. The mathematical description of the various moments of a considered problem, that is modules from which the mathematical model describing a concrete situation of a problem of placement gathers is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]