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Today, one of the most powerful trends in innovative change in the modern world is the Internet of Things IoT. And although this trend is essentially only at an early stage, it already plays a significant role in the modern world, in modern civilization. It is safe to predict that further expansion of its scope. However, the emergence of this phenomenon is also accompanied by the emergence of related problems. This is especially true of cyber threats, which can cause significant harm to both the Internet of Things itself and the people who use those networks. Accordingly, there is a need for means to combat these threats. This is a rather complex problem, which primarily requires the development of methods and technologies for detecting such threats. At the same time, there are no clear concepts of relevant solutions for cyber security of various IoT applications, especially where financial resources are limited. Therefore, research is currently relevant to find solutions that may be acceptable for relatively low-budget facilities. The aim of the work is to obtain a method for detecting intrusions into the IoT network by detecting anomalies in the network traffic flow of AAA protocols. This problem is complicated by the fact that the solution found must comply with basic security policies. The study conducted in this paper showed that such a solution is possible in principle by using the capabilities of the AAA RADIUS protocol and the use of machine learning. Machine learning methods were tested on the UNSW_NB15 dataset. For machine learning, pre-processing was performed to normalize and standardize the data. Computer experiments have tested the suitability of detecting a set of cyberattacks for different models of machine learning. It was shown that the formulated approach has the potential to be used in practical developments to detect intrusions in the IoT network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crowd forecasting is a relatively new task in predicting the future. Today, the crowd studied by classical social psychology has undergone significant changes, which has led to the emergence of such a concept as "Internet crowd". Internet crowd technology is now used to create "dead souls", i.e. fake accounts, using fake names and addresses to form, disseminate opinions and/or impose opinions on real users. The aim of the work is to develop a mathematical model of a virtual crowd to predict its behavior and calculate the probability of transition of a virtual crowd to a real one. The paper highlights the most important factors influencing the emergence of protest movements through the formation of a virtual crowd. It is shown that a person living in a country with a high level of economic development, it is easier to decide to participate in the protest because of confidence in the further stable development of the state. The importance of Internet censorship in the modern world and the possibility of the influence of this factor on the formation of primary groups of protesters in a virtual environment are demonstrated. The methods of mathematical modeling used in the work make it possible to obtain scientifically substantiated variants of development and the probability of changes that the virtual crowd undergoes in time, until its rebirth into real motion. Thus, the assessment of the probability of the transition of the crowd from the virtual to the real state, is important and relevant both in terms of security of the individual citizen and society, and in terms of security of the state as a whole. The proposed model will allow to develop recommendations for specialists who help to ensure a high level of safety in ordinary and extreme situations, to optimize urban development in terms of efficiency of human traffic flow, as well as to effectively manage traffic flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intensive increase in road transport, particularly individual, in recent years has led to such consequences as increased time spent on travel, the number of forced stops, traffic accidents, the occurrence of traffic jams on the road network, reducing traffic speed and a deteriorated urban road network in cities. The most effective method for solving these problems is the use of graph theory, the main characteristics of which is reliability, durability and accessibility of a free as well as loaded network. Based on their analysis the methods for network optimization are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General data on the network of Ukrainian highways are presented. The analysis of design methods of highway reconstruction based on the theory of traffic flows and economic calculations of its repay time is made. The relationship between traffic intensity and speed is shown by considering the theory of traffic flows. The methods, taking into account the principle of effectiveness of highway reconstruction based on its repay time, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intersections are the key components of road networks considerably aff ecting capacity. As fl ow levels and experience have increased over the years, methods and means have been developed to cope with growing demand for traffic at road junctions. Among various traffic control devices and techniques developed to cope with conflicting movements, traffic signals create artificial gaps to accommodate the impeded traffic streams. Th e majority of parameters that govern signalised intersection control and operations such as a degree of saturation, delays, queue lengths, the level of service etc. are very sensitive to saturation fl ow. Th erefore, it is essential to reliably evaluate saturation fl ow for correctly setting traffic signals to avoid unnecessary delays and conflicts. Generally, almost all guidelines support the constancy of saturation fl ow irrespective of green time duration. Th is paper presents the results of fi eld studies carried out to enable the performance of signalised intersections to be compared at diff erent green time durations. It was found that saturation fl ow decreased slightly with growing green time. Reduction corresponded to between 2 and 5 pcus/gh per second of green time. However, the analyses of the discharge rate during the successive time intervals of 6-seconds showed a substantial reduction of 10% to 13% in saturation fl ow levels aft er 36 seconds of green time compared to those relating to 6-36 seconds range. No reduction in saturation fl ow levels was detected at the sites where only green periods of 44 seconds or less were implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, negative trends towards the environment where the system of Mass Passenger Public Transport (MPPT) operates continue to grow. Mobility and citizens' standard of living are constantly increasing. A significant increase in using private cars (level of motorization) along with all negative consequences faced under such circumstances as an increase in traffic volume, congestions, a decrease in travelling speed, a higher number of traffic accidents, greater negative influence on the environment etc. can be noticed. Th e city of Belgrade has recognized the significance of continuous research and has monitored the quality of Mass Passenger Public Transport service as well as changes that are taking place in order to influence some specific parts of transport and traffic policy in the city. Th is paper contains the benchmarking of results obtained in research and a trend towards changes in the expected and perceived quality of service (QoS) within the system of Mass Passenger Public Transport in Belgrade within the period from 2005 to 2007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic circles have been used in many countries all over the world. Traffic circles can be defined as intersections where traffic circulates around a center island where priority is given to the vehicles entering from branches and are designed considering weaving movements as the basic goal. Th ere are two most common capacity analysis methods for traffic circles: the method of critical gap acceptance and the method of regression analysis. Th is study explains the methods of gap acceptance and regression analysis. Ashworth and Field method is investigated and the applicability of these capacity models in Turkey is discussed. Th e obtained results have shown that both methodologies give satisfactory results; however, the existing methods should be improved (modified) considering conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]