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conventional open pedicle screw fixation (OPSF) with desirable radiological and clinical outcomes. Studies in the Indian context are required to determine the efficiency of MIS over OPSF. Objective To compare restoration and maintenance of vertebral body height (VBH) following MIS versus OPSF. Methods A prospective comparative study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Patients (n= 36) aged 18–65 years (males = 23, females = 13) with traumatic TL fractures were identified. Eighteen of them underwent OPSF and other eighteen underwent MIS. The radiological outcomes like anterior and posterior vertebral body height percentage (AVBH % and PVBH %) restoration and maintenance were evaluated. Quantitative variables were analyzed and described using mean ± standard deviation and qualitative variables were presented using frequency and percentage. Student t-test was used to analyse continuous data and Chi-square/Fisher Exact test was used to analyse categorical data. Results The mean age of the patients was 38.8 years. The majority of fractures were seen in the T12-LI segment (52.7 %). The AVBH % restoration and maintenance in OPSF was significantly higher compared to that of MIS at immediate post-operative (IPO) period (p = 0.01), 6 weeks (p = 0.02) and 12 weeks (p = 0.006) post-surgery. Long segment stabilization provided statistically significant AVBH and PVBH values for OPSF compared to MIS (p < 0.05). The presence or absence of pedicle screw at fractured vertebral level did not restore AVBH and PVBH to a statistically significant level in both the groups (p > 0.05). Superficial surgical site infection (SSSI) was seen in both the groups without any statistical significance between them (p > 0.05). Conclusion OPSF is superior over MIS in the restoration of AVBH. Restoration of PVBH was also better with OPSF although not statistically significant. OPSF with longer segment fixation had better restoration of both AVBH and PVBH. The presence or absence of pedicle screw at fractured vertebral level did not seem to have any significance in both the groups. However, the MIS approach can be a reasonable alternative to open surgery with potential advantages like better clinical and functional outcome. A selected population of patients treated with MIS will show better surgical outcomes.

Surgical site infections are important and still more growing burden in 2023. WHO estimated that SSIs are one of the most common and frequent healthcare associated infections (HAI), and in the world’s perspective, it can occur up to 10% after surgeries [1]. The knowledge about preliminary and novel ways of diagnosis and treatment and prevention of this disease are important in improving outcomes. Reducing the amount of complications after surgeries is crucial in helping with the recovery and it is an outcome of both proper prehabilitation and safe surgical protocols . Especially focus on the preventive measures for SSI, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment can really improve overall survival, lower the incidence of further complications (including sepsis), and improve patients recovery. This paper summarizes the current guidelines indications as well as their reflection in novel published data.

Surgical wound infection is the most common complication after kidney transplantation. It is associated with a prolonged hospital stay, repeated surgical procedures, significant costs, which explains the constant search for optimized treatment for wound infections. We describe a clinical case of a patient with an infected lymphocele of the upper pole of the renal graft at Day 29 after kidney transplantation from a donor after brain death. The infected lymphocele was opened and VAC system was installed without the removal of the graft. With antibiotic therapy and modification of the immunosuppressive therapy, the graft function remained stable and no generalization of the infection occurred. The wound was completely clean at Day 28 of VAC therapy, with subsequent tight closure of the wound. The patient was discharged with a functioning graft.

This review analyzes the research data concerning the problem of antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP) of wound infections after various surgeries for head and neck tumors. In patients with clean wounds, ABP should be used in exceptional cases only (for example, if the patient has any risk factors), otherwise it should be avoided. A short ABP course is recommended for patients with clean-contaminated wounds; however highrisk patients may require a prolonged course. There is some evidence of ABP efficacy in patients with non-contaminated wounds after cervical lymphadenectomy. When choosing a drug for ABP, a doctor should consider the site of surgery and the risk of wound contamination. The optimal drugs after head and neck surgeries include first- and second-generation cephalosporins, ampicillin in combination with sulbactam, metronidazole, and clindamycin. First- and second-generation cephalosporins in combination with metronidazole are preferable, but if the wound is infected with gram-positive bacteria, it is necessary to use clindamycin monotherapy. Reconstructive surgeries with a free flap require a short course of ABP with one of the following combinations: cefazolin + metronidazole, cefuroxime + metronidazole, or ampicillin + sulbactam; if the patient is allergic to beta-lactams, clindamycin can be used. Despite the availability of standard ABP regimens, a surgeon must apply a tailored approach when choosing an ABP regimen for each patient, taking into account risk factors and the volume of surgery.

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of methods of antiseptic and hygienic preoperative preparation of the operating field in otosurgery., Material and Methods: A review and an expert assessment of the corresponding research objectives of scientific publications contained in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases have been carried out., Results: Various studies indicate a lower ototoxicity of 5-10% of the drug povidone-iodine compared to others. Drugs, such as Miramistin, Okomistin, Dioxidine, are actively used in otiatrics in Russia, but no data on their ototoxicity have been noted. The collected data point to the relevance and prospects of studying the microbiome of the external auditory canal, assessing its effect on the course of the postoperative period, depending on various methods of preparation (antiseptic, removal of earwax and hair depilation) of the surgical field for otosurgery.

Post-sternotomy mediastinitis is a severe complication of cardiac surgery and accompanied by high mortality and cost of treatment. To date, there are no large clinical trials defining treatment of these patients. In this study the authors offer early postoperative wound sanitation, use of vacuum drainage in all cases and surgical repair with local tissues. Sternal destruction is cured by osteosynthesis with wire sutures and perforated metal plates. Proposed algorithm showed low incidence of reccurent wound infection, mortality and duration of treatment.

Aim: To study surgeons' awareness about safety of patients in surgery and to determine necessary educational measures in this area., Material and Methods: 110 surgeons were interviewed. Mean length of work was 16.1±0.97 years. 88.2% of surgeons worked at hospitals. 47.3% of surgeons were engaged elective surgery., Results and Discussion: Previously 55.5% of respondents were involved into conflict with patients. A half of respondents are familiar with WHO program «About patient' safety» and key issues of patient' safety during prevention of postoperative thromboembolic and infectious complications. 76% of respondents have the possibility to use videoendoscopic technologies, but only 36% of them realize these techniques. Up to 33% of respondents consider to be studied at certification cycles only. Many surgeons use the Internet as the main source of information., Conclusion: Current tendencies of surgical development require to focus on perioperative safety and the need for intensive research of the technologies of surgical patients' safety.

A method of prophylactics and treatment of postoperative eventrations in newborns (25 observations), is described. The incidence of this complication was decreased from 2,19% (1960-1971) to 0,95% (1972-1983).

Clinical observations of 76 patients in whom an artifical urinary bladder was constructed from the rectum are presented. 52 patients were operated upon for cancer of the urinary bladder, total papillomatosis, a metastasis of uterine cancer in the bladder, cancer of the sigmoid with the urinary bladder involvement, sarcoma and cancer of the prostate with the bladder involvement. 17 patients were operated upon for extrophy, 7 -- for cancer of the urethra. An isolation of the rectum is followed by ligation of the upper rectal and vein. Fifteen patients died postoperatively due to peritonitis (6), ascending infection of the urinary tract (4), postoperative shock (I), phlegmon of the minor pelvis (I). In late postoperative period an artificial urinary bladder provides for reservoir and excretory functions.

According to the author's data within a 7-year period in the Regional Hospital 1329 appendectomies were performed, in 7 per cent--for chronic appendicitis. Annually, 51 persons are operated upon per 10,000 population. Late terms of hospitalization were noted in 19.7%, preoperative complications--in 5.2%, mortality--in 0.08%. Some aspects of treatment and complications are discussed.