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African swine fever is one of the most serious threats to the world pig industry due to high infectivity and mortality rates among pigs. To date, no effective means of active prevention of the infection have been developed. The only effective method of control is passive monitoring of the spread of the pathogen among the population of domestic and wild pigs, detection of infected animals and their depopulation. The study analyzes the spread of African swine fever in Ukraine from 2012 to 2024 and compares it with the countries that share a common border – Poland, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia and Moldova. In Ukraine, the first outbreaks were recorded in 2012 in Zaporizhzhia region among domestic pigs. In total, 619 outbreaks were detected during the study period: 482 among domestic pigs and 137 among wild pigs. The largest number of outbreaks was recorded in Odesa (64), Poltava (54), Mykolaiv (52) and Kyiv (46) regions. In Eastern European countries, African swine fever was detected later: in Poland – since 2014 (1304 among domestic and 17871 among wild pigs), Romania – since 2017 (6729 and 3649, respectively), Hungary and Slovakia – since 2018 (0 and 7875; 72 and 3645). In Moldova, the first outbreak was in 2020 (39 among domestic and 45 among wild pigs). The highest total number of outbreaks was recorded in Poland (19175), mainly among wild boars (93.2%). In Hungary, all detected cases involved wild animals. The analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the number of African swine fever outbreaks between the analyzed countries. There is also a difference in the number of outbreaks within the analyzed time period. If we analyze the number of cases since 2018, there is no statistically significant difference. Prevention and control of African swine fever are complicated by the circulation of the pathogen among wild boars, non-compliance with biosecurity measures by owners of small pig farms and the movement of infected animals. Comprehensive monitoring with early detection of outbreaks and timely destruction of infected animals plays a key role.

Coagulase-positive staphylococci are an important infectious agentcausing numerous infections in animals. Staphylococcus aureus andStaphylococcus pseudintermedius share a number of similar cultural andbiochemical characteristics, which makes their differentiation difficult.Since these species have different zoonotic potential, it is advisable todevelop rapid and specific schemes for species differentiation of pathogens.We have studied the cultural and biochemical characteristics ofStaphylococcus spp. isolated from dogs, cats and cows. In total, 103halophilic coccal cultures were isolated from companion animals and45 from cows, of which 55 and 30 cultures were coagulase-positivestaphylococci, respectively. The reactions that can be used to differentiateS. pseudintermedius and S. aureus were studied. Growth inhibition zonesaround the disk with polymyxin B antibiotic for S. pseudintermediuswere statistically higher (p

The results of optimization of the Staphylococcus spp. identification protocol by polymerase chain reaction with agarose gel detection and approbation of the protocol with wild strains selected from dogs are presented. Determination of the parameters of specificity and sensitivity of the method was performed on museum strains of cocci S. epidermidis ATCC 14990, S. aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus subsp. aureus UKM B-918, S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and E. faecalis ATCC 194433. DNA extraction was performed using the IndiSpin Pathogen Kit. The ready PCR mix NEB OneTaq® 2X Master Mix with Standard Buffer was used to prepare the reaction mixture. Primers targeted to the tuf gene region using an amplification product of 370 bp were used for the study. The reaction results were recorded in a 2% agronomic gel with the addition of ethidium bromide at a concentration of 0.5%. The optimal annealing temperature was determined by the temperature gradient method. In a study of the specificity of the method, three museum strains of staphylococci were identified as positive, while strains of other cocci did not give reaction products. The sensitivity study of the method was to detect the amplification product in seven dilutions of bacterial suspension that meet McFarland turbidity standards, the lowest concentration was further diluted 10, 100 and 1,000 times. The last dilution, which showed the presence of the amplification product corresponds to 2×106 CFU in 200 μl of saline used for DNA isolation. PCR protocol was tested on wild staphylococcal strains. Ear and nasal swabs of dogs, as well as washes from the transfer cage were selected for the study. The primary inoculation of the material was carried out on mannitol salt agar, on this medium only the growth of halophilic microorganisms is possible. Growth was found on 17 Petri dishes. The PCR washings of these cups indicated the presence of staphylococci in the test materials. The results of in-laboratory PCR testing indicate that the primer we used gives high indicators of specificity and sensitivity. Our tested technique can be used to confirm the presence of Staphylococcus spp. bacteria in the primary culture of smears taken from dogs.

Staphylococcus spp. a common genus of bacteria that colonizes the body of dogs. Some families of this genus are pathogenic and are involved in the development of diseases of various systems and organs, especially the skin and outer ear. One of the main signs of the most pathogenic families of this genus is the secretion of the enzyme coagulase. They are grouped into the group of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CoPS). S. pseudintermedius most often is isolated from a dog, about 10-60% isolates. S. aureus is identified less frequently, in 4-15% of cases, but it is associated with people who are its natural carriers. S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans is another family that can be identified in the pathological material obtained from dogs. However, coagulase is one of much different pathogenicity factors in this family. Also, microorganisms of this family can exist both in the form of a planktonic culture and in the structure of a biofilm, on which the effect of antibacterial agents is weakened. Some strain of CoPS carry genes of resistance to various antibacterial agents and may occupy a dominant position in the pathogenic process. Such strains can colonize the environment in places where animals congregate, which leads, for example, to the occurrence of clinical infections. Also resistant are strains of this family that can colonize other animals or humans. Owners and specialists working with animals are constantly at risk. To date, the issue of the emergence of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics (methicelin-resistant strains) and the acquisition of resistance to several groups of antibacterial agents is acute. In the countries of the European Union, a fairly large number of studies are conducted aimed at studying the spread of Staphylococcus spp. analysis of virulence and pathogenicity factors, as well as mechanisms of acquiring antibacterial resistance. Programs to control the prevalence of resistant strains are also being developed there. Different authors show resistance to a large number of antibacterial agents, the profile of antibacterial resistance may differ both within different groups and between different drugs of the same pharmaceutical group. In Ukraine, there are no systematic studies of the spread of resistant strains of microorganisms among small animals.

The paper proposes the mathematical model for numerical solving of multi-parameter non-linear computational problem for analysis of the electrode melting process in the "electrode-arc" system. This model can be utilized under the conditions of pulsed metal arc welding by using argon or argon-based mixtures as a shielding gas. In addition, impulse parameters are calculated for the pulsed MIG welding. As a result, we obtain an area of impulse parameters which ensures the equality of electrode feed speed to its melting speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we considered the quality monitoring of welding power sources, comparing their static and dynamic behaviours with the standard behaviours. On the experimental side, we performed the troubleshooting of power sources with the help of the synthetic neural networks. We investigated the possibility of technical conditions evaluation of welding power sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and clinical aspects of advanced endoscopic vacuum therapy for esophagogastric, esophagointestinal and gastrointestinal anastomotic leakage, to identify disadvantages and further possibilities for its improvement., Material and Methods: The study included 69 people. Esophagodudodenal anastomotic leakage was detected in 34 patients (49.27%), gastroduodenal anastomotic leakage - in 30 patients (43.48%), esophagogastric anastomotic leakage - in 4 (7.25%) patients. Advanced endoscopic vacuum therapy was used for these complications., Results: Vacuum therapy in patients with esophagodudodenal anastomotic leakage led to complete healing of defect in 31 (91.18%) cases. In 4 (14.8%) cases, minor bleeding was noted during replacement of vacuum dressing. There were no other complications. Three (8.82%) patients died from secondary complications. Treatment of gastroduodenal anastomotic failure resulted complete healing of defect in 24 (80%) patients. Six (20%) patients died including 4 (66.67%) cases associated with secondary complications. Vacuum therapy for esophagogastric anastomotic leakage resulted complete healing of defect in 4 (100%) patients., Conclusion: Advanced endoscopic vacuum therapy is a simple, effective and safe method of therapy for esophagogastric, esophagoduodenal and gastrointestinal anastomotic leakage.

Aim: Studying features of root formation and mineralization in permanent teeth of children and adults., Material and Methods: The root formation features were studied in 2800 children's permanent teeth aged 6-15 in Moscow and Moscow region; cone beam computed tomography was performed according to the orthodontic indications. CBCT method was also used to study the apical foramen diameter, width of the permanent teeth periodontal fissure, perform clinical examination and treatment of youngsters and young people (aged 12-25, n =180) with pulpitis (K04.03), apical periodontitis (K04.5) and uncompleted processes of hard tissues mineralization and hard tissues with different degrees of maturation; as well as groups of adults (aged 30-50, n =170) with pulpitis (K04.03) and apical periodontitis (K04.5) in permanent teeth with completed processes of hard tissues mineralization., Results: CBCT is objective for visualizing teeth of both jaws which allows determining root formation stages in children's permanent teeth and high precision during one examination visit. Teeth Youngster's and young peopl's teeth have expressed anatomical and structural features during 5-6 years after root formation completion: apical foramen diameter of 0.71±0.004 mm, periodontal fissure width of 1.01±0.004 mm, hard tissues density in apical part of root is 12282.71 units HU, which is different from analogous readings in people over 25 where they make 0.61±0.004 mm ( p <0.05); 0.71±0.003 mm ( p <0.05); 1428.6±0.89 units HU ( p <0.05) respectively., Conclusion: CBCT is a useful tool for visualization of dental roots allowing precise definition of root developmental stage in permanent teeth in children by one diagnostic imaging procedure.

Aim: To analyze the results of the restoration of the anterior abdominal wall in postoperative ventral hernias using mesh implants., Material and Methods: The study was of 680 patients, who underwent abdominal wall reconstruction using mesh implants., Results: A total of 105 postoperative complications (15.44%) in 84 (12.35%) patients; the postoperative period was without complications in 596 (87.65%) patients. The greatest number of complications was noted after laparoscopic IPOM - 13 patients (20.31%); the smallest - after posterior component separation - 24 (7.5%). Also described 10 systemic complications: 8 of which were stopped by conservative therapy, in 2 cases repeated surgical intervention was required with a change in the type of wall reconstruction. Statistical analysis did not show statistically significant differences in the incidence of complications between the different versions of the performance of hernioplasty, except for the posterior muscular plastics. Statistical analysis also showed a link between the likelihood of various complications and the type of ventral hernia repair., Conclusion: Conducting different methods abdominal wall reconstruction using mesh implants is techniques with a low level of postoperative complications and comparable results when performing various types of plastics.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phagocytic cells of the innate immune system play an important role in the first line of defense protecting the host from pathogens. The NADPH oxidase multi-subunit complex is the main source of ROS in all types of the phagocytes. Formation of the membrane-associated enzyme complex and its activity are dependent on many different factors controlling both intensification and suppression of the ROS production rate. However, the evidences are emerging in recent years indicating existence of poorly studied mechanisms of restriction of ROS generation level in phagocytes directed at protection of host tissues in the sites of inflammation from destruction caused by the oxygen free radicals. Our previous data and results of other authors demonstrate that a mechanism of the limitation of ROS production by phagocytes may by connected with immunomodulating activity of extracellular pool. of HSP70. In the present work, we used inhibitors of NADPH oxidase and in vitro cultures of different phagocytes to study a possible relationship between down-regulating effect of exogenous HSP70 on ROS generation and the interaction of the protein with the enzyme subunits. Our results confirmed the literature data concerning the ability of extracellular HSP70 to modulate NADPH oxidase activity and demonstrated for the first time an inhibitory effect of the protein on intracellular ROS generation in phagocytes.

In experiments with starving rats (Rattus rattus L.) and rats with alloxan-induced diabetes, the activity of enzymes and the contents of metabolites of the main metabolic pathways have been studied. It has been shown that adaptation of carbohydrate metabolism to these stress conditions has common trends: intensification of gluconeogenetic processes and glyoxylate cycle induction are observed against the background of decrease in the activities of glycolytic enzymes and the pentose phosphate pathway. A hypothetical mechanism of adaptation of rat liver cell metabolism to a deficiency of glucose as the main energy substrate is proposed.

Considering prospective observation among gas-processing plant workers, the authors evaluated epidemiologic parameters associated with cardiovascular diseases. Findings are that functional cardiovascular disorders (vascular neurosis) appeared the most prevalent entity. Occupational environment could he considered as a risk factor for vascular neurosis in workers of gas-processing enterprise.

The authors studied levels and prevalence of main risk factors for coronary heart diseases in workers of gas-processing industry in Astrakhan region. Important notion is considerable prevalence of high cholesterol level in the males. The incidence of arterial hypertension was not high.

The dynamics of indicators of the "skin window" was studied in 118 patients with fractures of the bones. The dynamics of changes of the indicators was found to correspond to severity of the trauma. The picture of dermocytograms in patients with complications was different as compared with that of patients without complications. The method can be used for the estimation of reactivity of the organism in clinical practice.

A dependence is established for the activity of NADP-dependent isocytrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase as well as of NAD-malate dehydrogenase on the carbonic acid level. When the biocarbonate concentration in rabbit blood and tissues rise, the activity of cytoplasmic NADP-isocytrate dehydrogenase and NADP-malate dehydrogenase of the liver lowers. The analogous regularity is observed in the in vitro experiments when the bicarbonate concentrations in the medium rises up to 40 mM (within the physiological limits). The activity of NAD-malate dehydrogenase in the soluble fraction of the rabbit liver and kidney increases with the bicarbonate level within the same limits. The found dependence was confirmed in experiments with the enzyme crystalline preparations.

IR spectra of NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase in the deuterium oxide solutions were studied in the absence of CO2 and at solution saturation with it. The presence of CO2 in the system results in weakening the absorption band intensity at 1650 cm-1 and in the appearance of the band at 1543 cm-1, which is explained by the formation of carbamates under conditions of the protein molecules free amino groups interaction with CO2.

Daily urinary excretion of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-MIAA) was studied by chromatography-mass-spectrometry in patients with cancer and healthy subjects. A considerable increase in urinary 5-MIAA-excretion was shown in patients with cancer of the stomach, rectum and lung. In some cases, a correlation was found between high urine levels of carcinogenic 5-MIAA and similarly high levels of 5-HIAA excretion with urine.

The paper deals with the effect of changes in the concentration of carbonic acid in the medium on the reaction rate catalyzed with enzymes of various spectrum of the action. It is shown that the presence of carbonic acid in the medium reaction increases the rate of reactions catalyzed with lactate dehydrogenase of the rabbit liver soluble fraction, with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from yeast and trypsin. Under the same conditions the reaction rate catalyzed with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of the rabbit liver soluble fraction and with ATP-citrate (pro-3S)-lyase is considerably decreased. Changes in the carbonic acid concentrations within the physiological limits are found to have no effect on lactate dehydrogenase from the cattle heart and chymotrypsin.

The rate of reactions catalyzed by the NADP-dependent isocytrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase soluble fraction of the rat liver was studied as affected by carbonic acid. The reaction initial rate for both enzymes was determined under normal conditions and at physiological concentrations of carbonic acid. The initial rate of the direct isocytrate dehydrogenase reaction is established to decrease by 20, 35 and 57% at the carbonic acid concentrations 20, 40 and 60 mM. At the same time the initial rate of the malate dehydrogenase reactions increases by 51, 86 and 104% at the same levels of carbonic acid.

The proteolytic action of trypsin, chymotrypsin, submaxillary gland proteinases, Lys-C, Staphylococcus aureus st. V8, Armilarria mellea, Mixobacter AL-2 proteinase II, thermolysin and alpha-lytic proteinase is elucidated from the analysis of te data available on the amino acid sequence studies for above 70 proteins. Properties of a series of commercial enzymic preparations and the way of preferential application of proteinases for studying the amino acid sequence are discussed.

The investigation of dermocytograms by a modified method of the "skin window" in 101 patients with different square surfaces of deep burns has shown that the dynamics of mononuclear content is dependent on the injury degree. Lower parameters of mononuclear content in dermocytograms during the course of treatment correspond to the disturbance of reparative capacities of the organism in groups of patients with the complicated course of the disease. The "skin window" test can be used for the treatment since it shows the degree of the burn trauma dynamics and character of its course, facilitates the prognosis of complications.

The reaction rate catalyzed by NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase is studied as affected by carbon dioxide. It is shown that acceleration of the catalysis in this system depends on the presence of both a bicarbonate anion and solved carbon dioxide.

This paper is concerned with the interaction of spherical bilayer lipid membranes with liposomes containing amphotericin B as an ionophore marker. Lecithin or lecithincholesterol liposomes did not change conduction of the spherical membrane irrespective of the presence of amphotericin in them. Administration of phosphatide acid and dicetyl phosphate to liposomes and a spherical membrane promoted the fusion of the membrane bilayers which was recorded from an increase in the membrane conduction and 86Rb+ efflux from its inter space. The use of spherical bilayer membranes having a large surface is shown possible in principle for studying fusion with liposomes as well as incorporation of different macromolecules into lipid bilayers.

Clinico-morphological test for the quantitative evaluation of exudative and cell response in the diagnostical inflammatory focus in various forms of human pathology is developed. The values in practically healthy persons are established. The possibilities of the test use for the prognosis of disease and the development of postoperative complications in patients with cold trauma are shown.