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Background. The problem of infertility, including unexplained infertility (UEI), does not lose its relevance. It is known that infertile women are prone to emotional disorders. Such psychological changes can contribute to the development of sexual dysfunction. Aim. To study the characteristics of sexual function in women with unexplained infertility. Materials and methods. A comparative study of sexual function was conducted in 60 women with UEI aged 20–40 years (group 1). Group 2 consisted of 75 fertile women with at least one living healthy child and no history of infertility. Group 3 included 75 healthy nulliparous women who do not plan pregnancy and do not have a diagnosis of “Infertility”. The questionnaire “Index of Female Sexual Function” (FSFI) was used to assess sexual function. The following parameters were assessed: “desire”, “arousal”, “lubrication”, “orgasm”, “satisfaction”, “pain”, and the final score. Results. The lowest values were in group 2. In this group, statistically significant differences were obtained with groups 1 and 3 in the parameters “Attraction”, “Arousal”, “Lubrication”, “Satisfaction”, “Orgasm”. In group 1, the final score was significantly higher than in groups 2 and 3 – 30.2 (26.3–31.7), 26.6 (23.7–28.8) and 28.3 (27.5–29.9); p0.001, respectively. The highest proportion of women with sexual dysfunction (FSFI26.55) was in group 2 – 37 (49.33%). In groups 1 and 3, the number of women with sexual dysfunction was 13 (21.66%) and 9 (12%), respectively (the differences between groups 1 and 3 were not significant). Conclusion. The quality of sexual function was not associated with reproductive disorders. The lowest rates were in group 2. This is probably due to psychological aspects and anatomical changes in the pelvic floor after childbirth. Many women, regardless of the presence of children, need therapeutic and preventive sexological care. In the case of sexual dysfunctions that impair a woman's quality of life, qualified sexological and psychological assistance should be provided regardless of her fertility.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common systemic connective tissue disease and typically presents pulmonary involvement, which can be of various types. Rheumatoid nodules (RN) of the lungs are one of the most common such lesions and can be potentially dangerous for the development of complications such as pneumothorax. In addition, RN often requires differential diagnosis with other diseases represented by focal formations in the lungs. The article presents two clinical cases related to the development and complication of RN. The first case describes the development of recurrent pneumothorax in a patient with a long history of RA and risk factors for the development of lung disease. The second case is a atypical variant of the onset of RA with simultaneous involvement of the joints and the formation of nodules in the lungs. The results of RN visualization are demonstrated. The presented data are discussed.

Aim of this study is to establish a possibility of finding morphologic signs of diffuse axonal injury early after the injury. Use of immunohistochemical examination of the brain to detect protein β-APP made it possible not only to diagnose this condition correctly, but also to reasonably and categorically answer the question of a causal relationship between causing damage and the onset of death.

The objective of the present work was the analysis of the literature publications concerned with the modern approaches to the diagnostics of gunshot injuries with special reference to the most promising applications of the immunohistochemical methods. The use of certain antibodies for determining of intravitality and prescription of gunshot injuries is illustrated by concrete examples. It is concluded that further studies on the possibilities for the application of the immunohistochemical methods are needed.

The objective of the present study was to define and evaluate the parameters of validity of the diagnostic signs of the diffuse axonal damage resulting from the craniocerebral injury with the use of the immunohistological reaction for the presence of amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) in the brain tissue associated with the craniocerebral injury. Both histological and immunological methods were used. The positive beta-APP reaction was documented in 2 of the six cases. It is concluded that the positive results of the immunohistological reaction for the presence of beta-APP protein provide an additional information about the mechanism behind the damage and confirm the diagnosis of the craniocerebral injury in the cases when its macroscopic signs are either absent or unapparent.

The objective of the present study was to determine intravitality and severity of a gunshot-inflicted trauma making use of the immunohistochemical (IGH) methods for the evaluation of the injury to the soft tissues of the wound canal. The immunohistochemical methods were employed to estimate the expression of fibrinogen and vimentin. The positive immunohistochemical reaction was obtained in the fibrinogen assay whereas the reaction in the zone of necrosis was negative. These findings give evidence of the thermal impact produced by the firearm projectile on the soft tissues. Deformation of the cytoskeleton registered in the IGH test for vimentin suggests its disintegration and therefore the severity of the injury. It is concluded that the investigations with the use of the immunohistochemical methods, make it possible to identify the affected parts of the wound canal.

The present review of the literature publications is focused on the methods designed for the identification of the signs of the thermal impact of a gunshot associated with the formation of the resulting wound inflicted by various firearm projectiles. The historical and contemporary aspects of this topic are discussed with special reference to the immunodiagnostics as a new method extending the possibilities of forensic medical histology for the evaluation of the injuries to the soft tissues under the influence of thermal factors of the gunshot producing the firearm trauma.

The present review of the literature involves 50 publications concerning various substrates of importance as the biological markers of axonal damages with special reference to the secondary molecular and cellular mechanisms on which to base in vitro and in vivo modeling of the craniocerebral injury. The results of the investigations with the application of mass-spectrometry for the identification of the proteins specifically synthesized in response to the injury are presented; their biological functions are described. The use of the sequential microscopic imaging technique and the immunohistochemical methods made it possible to determine that the majority of the marker proteins are involved in the specific intracellular processes that are triggered in response to the traumatic impact including apoptosis, proliferation, formation of lamellipodia, axon regeneration, actin remodeling, cell migration and inflammation. In addition, a rise in the amount of intracellular actin-associated proteins has been observed. It is concluded that the investigations into the properties and the physiological role of beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) are of special value for the characteristic of nervous tissue damages and morphological diagnostics of the craniocerebral injury.

The authors report a case of the interstitial disease of the lungs revealed by a histological study that demonstrated intravital diagnostic faults in the patient in question. Moreover, a postmortem diagnostic error occurred; namely, the macroscopic study of the thoracic organs had shown the 0.5 cm long linear rupture of the adhesion in the right lung root region that was considered to be the cause of hemothorax and anemia of the internal organs which supposedly resulted in the patient's death. The definitive diagnosis of interstitial disease of the lungs was established based on the results of the histological study. The histological picture of the process is illustrated.