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Objectives. Clubfoot has been an unsolved clinical challenge for the orthopedic surgeons and it is one of the congenital deformities in children. Around one lakh (100000) babies born with clubfoot deformity throughout world each year, out of which 80% cases occur in developing countries. Material and methods. A total of 23 children (32 feet) in children below 2 years of age with unilateral or bilateral idiopathic clubfoot deformity who presented to outpatient department between September 2016 to September 2018 were included in the study and were treated conservatively by use of Ponseti method. Results. The mean age of presentation was 17.9 weeks, with male to female ratio – 2.28:1. The mean initial Pirani score was 5.26±2.89. The relationship between number of casts and the respective Pirani score was assessed using the Spearmen’s rank correlation coefficient and a positive correlation was found. The mean number of casts required was 6.43 and in 68.75% feet Tendo Achilles tenotomy was needed. Conclusion. Ponseti method is a very effective method to treat idiopathic clubfoot. It avoids the complication of surgery and gives a painless, mobile, normal looking, functional foot and allows fairly good mobility.

The objectives of the study are to analyze the physiological changes, biochemical alterations and attenuation of nickel toxicity effects in wheat seedlings under combined applications of Ni ions, metal chelators (EDTA/Citric Acid) and metal ions (Zn2+ /Mg2+). Wheat (Triticum aestivum L cv UP262) seedlings were grown hydroponically using different concentrations of Ni up to 7 days along with chelators and metal ions for study. The seedling growth was maximum with NiCl2–Zn2+ (100μM) and minimum with NiCl2–EDTA (100μM) treatments. Total chlorophyll content was maximum in the seedlings treated with NiCl2-Zn2+ (100μM) and minimum in NiCl2-EDTA (100μM) treatments. NiCl2–EDTA (100μM) showed less Fo and Fm values and therefore, a trend in the decrease in OJIP transient indicates the maximum alteration of photochemical activity of PS-II in presence of NiCl2–EDTA (100μM) treatment. Similar observation was found by NiCl2 –EDTA (200μM) treatment where Fo and Fm values were noted to decline. High nickel content in roots of the seedlings was noted as compared to shoots.