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In the early 1920s, Russia moved on from the New Economic Policy to industrialization. The Kuznetsk Coal Basin needed an advanced mine-rescue system to support its growing coal industry. This research focused on the chain of decisions made by the state authorities to expand the mine-rescue stations network across the USSR. The authors used the examples of mine-rescue stations in Anzhero-Sudzhensk, Leninskiy, and Kemerovo to describe the formation and development of respiratory and supporting rescue teams. Archival sources made it possible to restore the quantitative composition, wage system, and funding sources of the Kuzbass mine-rescue service in July 1, 1924, as well as to identify the first management team. The mine-rescue development followed the expansion of the coal industry under the efficient state control provided by the centralized mining supervision. By the beginning of the second five-year industrial plan, Kuzbass was responsible for 8.5 % of the total mine-rescue stations in the country. The Kuzbass region owed its wide and efficient network of mine-rescue stations to the financial and organizational support of the state.

A review of noninvasive biometric methods for detecting and predicting neurodegenerative diseases is presented. An analysis of various modalities used to diagnose and monitor diseases is given. Such modalities as handwritten data, electroencephalography, speech, gait, eye movement, as well as the use of compositions of these modalities are considered. A detailed analysis of modern methods and solutions based on machine learning is conducted. Data sets, preprocessing methods, machine learning models, and accuracy estimates for disease diagnosis are presented. In the conclusion current open problems and future prospects of research in this direction are considered.

Objectives. This study described the 4-circle goniometer Syntex P1N and its possible applications in X-ray and neutron structure analysis of single crystals.Methods. The 4-circle goniometer Syntex P1N, due to its high-precision mechanical characteristics and individual components from domestic equipment (sets of DRON type X-ray diffractometers), formed the basis for developing an instrument complex for X-ray and neutron-structure studies.Results. The neutron diffractometer was upgraded based on the Syntex P1N goniometer. Therefore, the 10BF3-based end neutron counter, included in the diffractometer kit, was replaced by the 3He-based domestic side counter, SNM-16. Such a significant reduction in the linear dimensions of the detector allowed us to expand the range of measured angles of 2θ from 90° to 140° and increase the accuracy of the measured interplanar distances accordingly. The goniometer was adjusted relative to the primary neutron beam by placing it on a specially designed plate. Highly accurate measured parameters of the unit cell and the intensity of the reflexes were achieved by optimizing the installation geometry and the protection of the goniometer and detector. Based on the Syntex P1N goniometer, an instrument complex for X-ray diffraction studies has also been developed. Both the developed X-ray and the upgraded neutronography facilities were used to perform experiments to measure the unit cell parameters, the coordinates of atoms, and the parameters of their thermal vibrations on several crystals of domestic synthetic samples: diamond C, silicon Si, halite, or rock salt NaCl, and corundum α-Al2O3. An excellent correlation was achieved by comparing the data obtained with the corresponding chemical crystals’ parameters and reference samples recommended by the International Union of Crystallographers.Conclusions. This paper described a neutron installation and a Syntex P1N neutron diffractometer for the study of single crystals. Based on the latter, an instrument complex for X-ray diffraction studies has also been developed. Experiments on standard samples have shown a high level of accuracy in measuring the lattice parameters, the coordinates of atoms, and the parameters of their thermal vibrations on both the X-ray and neutron diffractometers.

Objectives. The determination of the phase relations, crystallographic characteristics, microstructure features, and atomic crystal structure of zirconium oxide crystals that are partially and completely stabilized by yttrium oxide additives, and the identification of the crystallographic and crystal-chemical correlations with the physicochemical properties of single crystals.Methods. The neutron structure of the crystals was studied using the neutron time-of-flight and constant wavelength methods using a high-resolution Fourier diffractometer on the IBR-2 pulsed fast reactor and a four-circle neutron diffractometer “Syntex.” Single crystals were grown by directed crystallization from the melts of mixtures (1 − х)ZrO2 ∙хY2O3 , х = 0.03 and х = 0.12 with different growth rates (10 and 40 mm/h).Results. It was observed that when growing single crystals with x = 0.03–0.05, the crystal was stratified into cubic and tetragonal phases, and the ratio between the phases depended on the growth rate. At a growth rate of 40 mm/h, the content of the cubic phase was insignificant. In the crystals of partially stabilized zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) with the additions of 3 mol % Y2O3, the coherent coexistence of cubic and tetragonal phases was established, and the twin law for a tetragonal component (rotation of unit cell axis by 90° around the a (b) axis) that was observed during the phase transition from high-temperature cubic phase to tetragonal phase was determined. For the fully stabilized zirconium oxide of the cubic symmetry (with 12 mol % Y2O3), the 0.3 Å displacements of oxygen atoms from their partial structural positions in the directions [100] and [111] were determined. These displacements correlated with the directions of the ion transport.Conclusions. Previous studies have shown that the ratio between the cubic and tetragonal phases of the single crystals of the ZrO2 –Y2O3 system depends on the growth rate of the single crystals. The content of Y2O3 in the cubic and tetragonal phases of a single crystal was determined using the non-destructive neutronography method on the same volume sample of a solid solution of this system. Moreover, the displacements of oxygen atoms from the main position of the crystal were determined.

The article features the problem of residential development that migrant workers had to face in the mining districts of the Kuznetsk Basin during the first five-year plan. The author identified the causes of the housing crisis in the early 1930s that forced many independent miners to abandon mining enterprises. The paper describes the agenda taken by the central government authorities of Donbass and Kuzbass in order to provide miners with housing. It focuses on the types of housing in the Kuznetsk Coal Basin according to the method of production and building patterns, including communal houses. Prefabricated standard wooden constructions made it possible to build a lot of houses in a relatively short period of time. The main mistakes included a poor material base, limited workforce, and a shortage of building materials. As a result, the initial construction program was never fulfilled. The research focused on the residential development of the coal mining town of Prokopyevsk, its types of dwellings, the number of citizens involved in mining provided with state-owned housing, and the average housing space per capita. Thanks to the housing commissioned, the housing stock was significantly increased in the coal industry in general, and, more particularly, in the Kuzbassugol coal mining trust. The extensive residential development was not aimed at improving the living conditions of miners and their families but at binding migrants to their mines in order to meet the coal-mining program of the first five-year plans.

Handwritten signature verification is an important research area in the field of person authentication and biometric identification. There are two known methods for handwriting signature verification: if it is possible to digitize the speed of pen movement, then verification is said to be on-line or dynamic; otherwise, when only an image of handwriting is available, verification is said to be off-line or static. It is proved that when using dynamic verification, a greater accuracy is achieved than when using static verification. In the present work, the amplitudes, frequencies, and phases of the harmonics extracted from the signature signals of the X and Y coordinates of the pen movement using a discrete Fourier transform are used as characteristics of the signature. All signals are pre-processed in advance, including the elimination of gaps, the elimination of the angle of inclination, the normalization of position and scaling. A fuzzy classifier is proposed as a signature verification tool based on the features obtained. The work examines the effectiveness of this tool in the ensemble, as well as using a procedure for feature selection. To build an ensemble of classifiers, a well-known bagging method is used, and the feature selection is based on the determination of mutual information between a feature and a class of an object. Experiments on signature verification on the SVC2004 data set with the construction of a fuzzy classifier and ensembles of three, five, seven and nine fuzzy classifiers were conducted. Experiments were carried out both with the use of the feature selection procedure and without selection. The efficiency of the classifiers constructed is compared with each other and with known analogues: decision trees, support vector machines, discriminant analysis and k-nearest neighbors.

Dynamic signature verification is one of the most fast, intuitive, and cost effective tools for user authentication. Dynamic signature recognition uses multiple characteristics in the analysis of an individual’s handwriting. Dynamic characteristics include the velocity, acceleration, timing, pressure, and direction of the signature strokes, all analyzed in the x, y, and z directions. In this paper, the constant term and the first seven harmonics of the Fourier series expansion of the signature were used as features. The authentication systems development includes the following stages: preprocessing, feature selection, classification. Binary metaheuristic algorithms and deterministic algorithms are used to select attributes. The classification was carried out using a fuzzy classifier. The fuzzy classifiers parameters were tuned using continuous metaheuristic algorithms. The efficiency of the authentication system was verified on the author's database. The database contains 280 original variants of the signature of one author and 1281 variants of counterfeit signatures of seven authors. To assess the statistical significance of differences in the accuracy and error rates of the fuzzy classifiers formed by metaheuristic algorithms, the Mann-Whitney (-Wilcoxon) U-test to compare medians and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used.

The paper presents the analysis of the labor mobilizations in Kuzbass region in 1920 – 1921. The author emphasizes the cause-and-effect relation between the labor mobilization and the food supplies from Siberia to the famishing provinces of European Russia and the Urals during the fuel crisis because of the labour resources shortage in coal mines. The paper focuses on the role of the Siberian Revolutionary Committee in the realization of the plans of largescale displacement of labour force in the Kuznetsk Basin. Basing on the synthesis of the archival documents of Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions and the Russian State Military Archive, the research revealed the sources of labour resources recruited in accordance with the labour duty for the coal mines of the Kuznetsk Basin and the construction of the Kolchugino-Prokopevsk mines railway. The quantitative membership and periods of labour activity of different groups of mobilized people are disclosed. The work shows qualitative and quantitative changes of mobilized workers in the Kuzbass coal industry. The work also gives a general characteristic of the economic activity of the Siberian labour army. The author comes to the conclusion that in the long run the labour mobilization did not significantly affect the replenishment of the workforce in Kuzbass. The study results allow us to extend the understanding of the formation of Kuzbass as an industrial center of Siberia.