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Personal income tax (hereinafter referred to as PIT), in interaction with other instruments, can have a significant impact on the implementation of social goals aimed at improving the quality of life of Russians, reducing poverty, overcoming monetary inequality, and supporting low-income citizens, including families with children. The article is aimed at studying the theoretical and practical aspects of taxation of personal income regulated by Chapter 23 of the Russian Tax Code. It reveals the significant role of the PIT due to its revenue potential for the budget system of the Russian Federation and its regulatory impact on socio-economic processes in conditions of geopolitical tension, describes the current system of tax deductions, the need and directions for its improvement. The methodological basis of the study is founded on the analysis of scientific publications and open data of public authorities posted on their official websites. The analysis has been conducted using comparison methods, systemic logical and semantic analysis, synthesis of theoretical and practical material. The purpose of the study is to propose a gradual improvement of the mechanisms for providing standard and social tax deductions by increasing their sizes, introducing a subsistence minimum as a non-taxable income for all categories of payers, expanding the scope of application with consideration to the results of the ongoing socio-economic policy. The conclusions and generalisations of the study can be used when legislative and executive authorities and the scientific community develop proposals for improving the provisions of Chapter 23 of the Russian Tax Code, which will create a socially oriented domestic tax system.

In modern society, where social vulnerability is defined through the existence of population groups with limited material resources and a corresponding need for social support, complex challenges arise for researchers and practitioners in the field of socio-economic policy. The article discusses the use of data mining methods to predict the effectiveness of employment of socially vulnerable categories of the population. A multidimensional analysis of this issue was carried out, covering its various facets.

More than forty years passed since the start of the reform and opening policy in China, which made millions of peasants move to the city. Urbanization has become one of the most important social processes in China, which helped the country gain a powerful economic potential based on the accelerated industrialization. Social-economic development is impossible without the expansion of cities and their populations. Until recently, cities have been centers for developing human capital and ensuring economic growth. However, urbanization has negative consequences as it leads to an outflow of workforce from rural areas, thus threating their social development. To confront such a threat, the Chinese government introduced a new type of urbanization for the simultaneous revival of rural areas. These two national strategies may seem opposite in terms of goals and objectives: the first stategy aims at developing cities and improving urban living conditions; the second strategy aims at developing rural infrastructure; but both strategies have a common goal - to ensure social modernization with Chinese specificity, which implies harmonious development and urban-rural balance. The article aims at identifying social, managerial and economic features of the new urbanization policy in China as a two-pronged strategy of the simultaneous development of urban and rural areas. The implementation of this new type of urbanization is to solve a number of problems of internal migration, since peasants who have not managed to arrange their lives in the city cannot return to the countryside for different reasons. Local authorities of both cities and villages struggle to increase the size of their population, which determines conflicts and ineffective management decisions in many Chinese regions. In many cases, there is a clear discrepancy between the interests of society as a whole and the interests of regional administrative bodies implementing social-economic policies. China needs to solve these problems to ensure sustainable urban development while improving living conditions in rural areas.

The study examines the issue of developing family leisure facilities within the context of urban space management. The relevance of this problem lies in research indicating that families engaged in family leisure activities tend to be stronger, psychologically healthier, and more inclined towards traditional values, which is crucial for overcoming negative demographic trends. The digital era has significantly altered the functions of the family institution, increasing atomization within families due to the development of entertainment technologies and reducing the necessity for joint activities compared to earlier times. Therefore, enhancing the role of the family in society is possible only through family institution development, which is unattainable without shared leisure time, i.e., family leisure activities. The study categorizes family leisure facilities by types and basic categories such as physical and spiritual activities, and examines the decision-making process within families regarding shared leisure activities. This process identifies opportunities for state support of decisions favoring family leisure activities and presents a range of measures to enhance the popularity of such activities. In the context of urban development management, the study explores expanding support measures for starting a business in the family leisure industry. One of the most effective measures could involve methodological support across various categories of family leisure facilities, significantly lowering entry barriers in this industry. The article also discusses demographic, social, economic, and healthcare benefits for municipal authorities related to developing family leisure facilities within their territories. Popularizing family leisure activities acts as a driver for improving urban spaces and enhancing the quality of life for the population.

The article examines the multifaceted functionality of pioneer camps organized on the territory of Central Kazakhstan. An important component of the Soviet state's social policy was the development of cultural and leisure activities for children. Pioneer organizations were an important tool for the implementation of this function, designed to educate children in responsibility to society, to help the school prepare pioneers for the conscious and creative fulfillment of their duties. Thus, there was a synthesis of the activities of the school and the pioneer organization, in which the former acted as the implementer of the educational component, and the pioneer organization-the educational one. As a result of such complementarity, a comprehensively developed generation of Soviet children was formed, capable in the future of fully conforming to the propagandized image of "homo soveticus" ("Soviet man"), capable in the future of becoming the foundation of socialism under construction. The focus of the pioneer organization was the task of developing a socialist attitude to study, work and social work, which meant the incorporation of values such as indifference, collectivism, an active or active attitude to life. It was the pioneer movement that became the fundamental catalyst for the formation of pioneer camps, which were a place of ideological and political education of the younger generation throughout the territory of the Soviet Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the issue of public attitudes of Soviet citizens towards measures of state financial policy. It examines the sentiments of USSR citizens after the cessation of campaigns related to the issuance of government bonds from 1946 to 1957. The primary sources of information were letters from citizens addressed to Soviet government bodies, as well as diary entries. The study relies on methodological achievements in the “history of emotions.” It was revealed that after the abolition of compulsory subscription campaigns for domestic state loans, the key issue became the repayment of the state debt. It is shown that citizens placed high hopes on the revision of decisions by N. S. Khrushchev after his resignation in 1964. Their attempts to engage in dialogue with authoritative structures and leaders were made repeatedly before the official redemption began, but they did not contribute to a review of earlier decisions until 1974. The study demonstrates that the gradual redemption of bonds in the 1970s-1980s contributed to the establishment of a social compromise, and the practice of mass loans transformed from a measure of current financial and social policy into a subject for historical reflection, discussion, and nostalgia.

The income of citizens reflects the degree of economic development of the country, and in the regional aspect – the degree of economic development of each region. Canada is very similar to Russia in its geographical location, nature and climate, so the standard of living of the population in this country is of interest. One of its indicators is the income of citizens. The state’s approach to personal income taxation reflects the general socio-economic policy in the country. The study analysed the tax burden on personal income in the provinces of Canada in 2000–2022, determined the dynamics of this indicator for the period under review, and identified the existence of correlation between the amount of income and the tax burden on it in the regional aspect. The results obtained found that in Canada, there is a conditional division into eastern provinces with a traditionally high tax burden, western provinces with a national average tax burden, and northern territories with a relatively low tax burden. A certain inverse relationship between the amount of citizens’ income and the tax burden on it has been established. In regions with high incomes, the tax burden is usually lower, and in regions with low incomes, it is generally higher. However, there are regions that are exceptions, which shows the relative financial independence of regional authorities in Canada. The dynamics of the tax burden on personal income in the analysed period reflected the impact of the crises of 2008 and 2020 when it decreased. This fact demonstrates the sensitive response of regional governments to the changing economic situation.

The article discusses the legal aspects of digital rubles being introduced into the monetary system of Russia in the near future. The author, analyzing current legislation, existing studies, foreign practice on the introduction of similar monetary units and statements of Russian practitioners in the field of public finance, comes to the conclusion that the introduction of a new type of Russian banknotes is a response to sanctions from the so-called “unfriendly states” that create certain risks for the development of the Russian financial system. The author comes to the conclusion that the digital ruble is the next step towards the development of the principles of targeting, efficiency and the purpose of budget funds. In addition, the author comes to the conclusion that the introduction of the digital ruble contributes to the solution of issues such as the effectiveness of social policy and anti-corruption.

The article focuses on the possibilities of game analysis of options for providing material support to the population, implemented in the form of a game with nature – a generalized player, whose inclusion in the game analysis allows us to consider the diverse interaction of economic agents with the socio-economic environment. This set of methods has a number of advantages among the complex of mathematical methods in economics and management in conditions when regression models become irrelevant due to increasing uncertainty or lack of sufficient initial data. The purpose of the study is to overcome the insufficient use of the potential of game models in the practice of modeling social situations, taking into account the real information conditions that have developed to date. The research methods are the methods of game theory (construction of a set of active strategies for providing material support to the population; identification of possible variants of states of nature reflecting the possibilities of the number of people who really need material support; determination of the optimal strategy for providing material support, taking into account the selected optimality criterion). Their use contributes to improving the quality of decisions made in the field of providing material assistance to the population. Among the results of the study, we will indicate the implementation of all the necessary stages of the game analysis of strategies for providing material support to the population. The proposed mechanism for assessing the usefulness of funds, used for material support of the population, takes into account various contributions to the assessment of the final utility of the distribution of funds, arising both in cases of receiving funds by those in need and in cases of non-receipt of funds by those in need, as well as in cases of receiving funds by citizens who do not really need financial assistance. The authors have made calculations and assessed the consequences of strategies, the implementation of which involves reducing the number of citizens who receive financial assistance (with simultaneous dynamics of the amount of financial assistance). The game analysis of strategies for providing material support to the population became possible due to the construction of a game model of a basic level of complexity that takes into account the main scenarios of the development of the social situation under consideration. In the process of studying the constructed game model, a high degree of sensitivity of strategies for providing material assistance to the population to the choice of the optimality criterion, as well as its parameter, was established. This feature requires clarification of the information situation in which the strategy of providing financial assistance is chosen. In conclusion, we note that the material of the article may be useful for consideration with subsequent pilot testing at various levels of state and municipal administration, when developing and adopting legislative initiatives on social support measures aimed at strengthening the targeting of financial assistance to the population. Also, the material and tools of this study can serve in the course of improving existing and developing new academic disciplines, the content of which is related to the quantitative analysis of socio-economic problems and situations.

he new coronavirus infection, general uncertainty and constant variability of the post-pandemic world influenced transformations in the understanding of age and aging, as well as the emergence of new perspectives in aging research and understanding of this process in the social sciences. Defining age boundaries, understanding the activities of elderly people in the post-pandemic reality and the prospects for researching such activities are important issues for the domestic and foreign scientific community. The article examines the latest publications on the sociology of aging, social policy, health of elderly people and their necessary activities. In total, the author analyzes 1,000 publications released in 2022 and 2023 and devoted to the peculiarities of elderly people’s life after the pandemic. The author uncovers important factors for better integration of elderly people into social life and overcoming the problems caused by the pandemic: activating the social life of elderly people; developing the integration of elderly people into social life; understanding the employment of elderly people as a multi-vector direction, which may include hobbies and their monetization, non-permanent employment or employment for pleasure and communication.

The article is devoted to the theoretical and legal study of the role and place of the pension system in the mechanism of the social state on the example of the modern Ukrainian legal experience. Based on the analysis of legislation, doctrinal positions and practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, the author has formulated the own vision of the substantive and ontological core of pension provision. It is demonstrated that pension provision as a set of legal relations and a real legal phenomenon in the substantive and ontological dimension cannot be identified either with the process of providing an individual with a set of certain social and material services (procedural approach), or with a set of measures taken by the State to meet the needs of an individual for adequate material security upon reaching retirement age or due to adverse social circumstances which exclude their opportunities for active participation in economic and social life. According to the human-centred paradigm, the substantive and ontological essence of pension provision is not only the right (legal possibility) to demand from the state a certain level of pension payments in accordance with certain objective criteria, but also the real possibility to receive such payments in the amount that allows a person to maintain a decent existence, to ensure their key needs in life and social environment, avoiding poverty and social isolation. The importance of the State’s guarantee of the right to pension as a component of the constitutional right to social protection is substantiated. It has been revealed that the social state implements such a social policy which guarantees not only pension payments, but also their amount, frequency of receipt and indexation in accordance with the established procedure, which ensure that every person entitled to a pension has an adequate standard of living, the stability of the established standards of pension provision, the guarantee of this provision, the predictability of the legislative policy of pension provision (in accordance with the concept of legitimate expectations), and the appropriate law enforcement policy of pension provision. It has been proved that in the context of the social state concept, the problem of legislative fixation of the optimal model of pension provision (which would take into account the issues of determining the amount of pension provision, their ranking in various, including special, laws, methods and pace of pension indexation, etc.), taking into account the economic situation of the State and the compliance of such provision with the task of realisation of basic human needs for decent living conditions, requires careful consideration (in accordance with the concept of “space for consideration”). The article emphasises that compliance with the constitutional principles of the social state requires legislative regulation of pension provision on the basis of equity and proportionality, taking into account the State’s obligation to ensure decent living conditions for every citizen of Ukraine.

The research focuses on analyzing and reviewing of corporate social responsibility and social policy. The authors studied the works of domestic and foreign authors who were engaged in the analysis of these problems. The authors identified the factors that influence social policy, such as: political, demographic, medical, social, and others and categorized the typical descriptions of social policy research in the public and private sector. Special attention is paid to the authors’ interpretation of the concept of social and political involvement of the corporation. The authors determined the basic principles of development and implementation of social policy in accordance

The study examines the features of state policy in the field of demography and health care, special attention is paid to the analysis of the main indicators of the quality of life of the population, as well as the results already achieved within the framework of the national projects “Demography” and “Health Care”. The problems of low life expectancy of the population and a decrease in the birth rate have been identified. Based on the results of monitoring of the national projects “Demography” and “Health Care”, it was concluded that they are interconnected and it is possible to achieve the targets only through the successful implementation of both national projects. Based on this, the research suggests measures aimed at improving state policy in the field of demography and health, including the need to strengthen measures aimed at combating neoplasms, including malignant ones, which in turn will have a positive impact on the quality of life of the country’s population.

This study analyzes data on cultural and patriotic events that took place in the city of Belgorod in the period from 2022. The study identified the main trends in the development of such events in the conditions of Special Military Operation. It is concluded that despite the alarming situation that occurred after the shelling, the city of Belgorod continues to show determination and perseverance in organizing mass events based on mechanisms of cooperation between authorities and residents.

Purpose of the study. The socio-economic policy of the state is a purposeful activity for the redistribution of resources in order to achieve the well-being of the population. Its purpose is to solve the socio-economic problems of the population in the field of maintaining a decent standard of living, ensuring employment of the population, regulating labor relations, social protection and development of sectors of the social sphere. The purpose of the study is a statistical analysis of the life quality of the population of the Volga Federal District to assess the effectiveness of the ongoing socio-economic policy.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was the aggregation method, which makes it possible to calculate indicators of advantages: advance, parity and lag behind the Russian average level. The calculation of the integral assessment was carried out without taking into account the weighting coefficients of the life quality components. To assess the life quality of the population, 10 parameters have been identified that affect key areas of social policy: financial situation, labor activity, housing conditions, life safety, public health, education, culture, transport infrastructure, information and communication resources, and the life potential of the population. Each quality of life parameter is characterized by a range of private indexes. The information base of the study is data from the Federal State Statistics Service.Results. The calculation results confirm the high differentiation of the regions of the Volga Federal District in terms of life quality parameters of the population. Not a single region of the Volga Federal District has been identified with stable behavior of the indicator of advantages. Only two regions of the Volga Federal District have an integral index value greater than one: Nizhny Novgorod region and the Republic of Mari El. For most life quality parameters, these regions are ahead of the Russian average. In other regions of the Volga Federal District, the values of integral indexes are less than one, which indicates a lag behind the Russian average level of various life quality parameters. The region with the lowest integral assessment value is the Republic of Mordovia.

The article presents the history of the Spanish social support system development from the Middle Ages to the beginning of the XXI century. The purpose of the article is to analyze the background and features of the Spanish social policy. To study the development of the Spanish welfare state, the article uses the comparative historical approach and the analysis of institutions, legal documents and statistical data. The experience of Spain and other countries is compared, approaches to the typology of social policy are considered, economic factors and transformations of support measures and principles of redistribution are analyzed. Despite the fact that some trends manifested in Spain earlier than in other countries, the Spanish welfare state formed relatively late. The country has developed a unique configuration of social support, combining the German logic of a corporatist approach with a British universalist one. The Spanish experience of organizational decisions in the field of social policy is of interest, since Spain is facing the problem of an aging population against a background of persistently high unemployment creating serious pressure on the social system, which retains its functionality due to a periodic revision of priorities.

This article examines the active employment policy for persons with disabilities of working age, ensuring the transition from social security to employment in welfare states. In the first part of the study, based on international research and EU statistics, the reasons for such a transition, the goals, and the principles of active employment policy in welfare states with social democratic, conservative-corporatist, and neoliberal models are revealed. Criteria and methods for assessing employability are presented to distinguish between persons with disabilities and the unemployed, followed by their allocation to programmes with temporary or permanent forms of support. The pathways for entering the labour market are shown, oriented towards insiders (individuals with preserved or temporarily impaired employability) and outsiders (persons with disabilities with low employment prospects). The socio-demographic characteristics of persons with disabilities affecting their productivity and employability, and determining their needs for selective support measures, are reflected. The principles of “offensive” and “defensive” active employment policies in relation to such individuals, increasing the likelihood of employment and retention in the labour market, are studied and revealed. This includes the obligations of the state, employers and persons with disabilities, as well as incentive and punitive measures. The volume of public funds allocated to employment policy, the main directions in the expenditure classification system: services, active and passive measures are presented. The structure of expenditures and the purpose of each type of active employment measures for persons with disabilities are revealed, including job creation, start-ups, sheltered and supported employment, rehabilitation, employment incentives, and training. The priorities of active measures for persons with disabilities and employers, which contribute to their employment and retention in the labour market in welfare states with different models, are identified. The trends in the development of active employment policies over the past decade, strategies to increase its effectiveness, priorities for passive and active measures during periods of economic downturn are analysed. The results of the impact of active policies on the employment of persons with moderate and severe disabilities, as well as the consequences of changes in the accessibility of social security for disability and unemployment during the transition from social security to employment, are shown.

The national security depends on the health of the population, which, in its turn, depends on the healthcare system. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia focused on the primary healthcare. The goals, tools, and results of the reforms that have taken place in the last three decades are usually considered from the point of view of law, economic feasibility, or organizational effectiveness. The author applied the historical and political approach to these reforms, thus evaluating their ability to preserve and increase human health. Fertility, morbidity, and mortality usually serve as national health criteria. The research relied on regulatory legal acts, speeches of senior government officials, official statistics, and sociological surveys. Demographic problems and budget deficits proved to be the main reasons behind the post-Soviet reforms, which transferred some material obligations from the federal to the local level and expended the scope of commercial medicine. Part of the financial burden moved from expensive specialized hospitals (secondary healthcare) to cheaper polyclinic and preventive medicine (primary healthcare). Federal budget expenditures decreased as patient capacity and the number of medical organizations went down and the productivity of primary healthcare went up. However, the national mortality and morbidity kept growing. The current diagnostic preventive healthcare model concentrates on primary healthcare: it reduces financial expenditures but fails to solve the demographic problems.

The article presents a case study of one of the important and least researched areas of self-government bodies’ social policy – charitable activities of the Zemstvo in Saratov province. The main attention is paid to the forms of childhood protection and the process of building up a system of Zemstvo’s assistance to orphans and children left without parental care. The paper places a significant focus on the history of creation of the Zemstvo’s orphanage and other institutions of social care for foundlings.

Aim. Taking into account the above, the purpose of the study was to analyze the patterns of development of the social policy of the Russian Federation, the republics of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia, to consider their weaknesses and points of growth in order to identify the potential for strengthening integration ties based on the unification of social development tools.Task. To analyze various areas of social life of the EAEU member countries, identify similarities in development trends in order to create a basis for the formation of unified socio-economic transformations. To demonstrate social tools for the development of «transinstitutional interaction» within the boundaries of the Eurasian Economic Union.Methods. The following methods were used i n the article: comparative an alysis — to compare the effectiveness of social policy instruments in the EAEU countries. The novelty lies in the improvement of the integration processes of the Eurasian integration countries with the help of the proposed author’s approach to unify the social policies of the EAEU member countries on the basis of “transinstitutional cooperation”.Results. A comprehensive analysis of social policy instruments (migration, youth, labor, housing, etc.) of all participants in the Eurasian integration was carried out. Recommendations are proposed for improving social tools within the framework of “transinstitutional cooperation” of the EAEU states.Conclusion. The analysis of the instruments of social policy laid down the priorities in the development of the mechanisms of “transinstitutional cooperation” by the members of the EAEU, expressed in the author’s recommendations in this study. The Republics of Kyrgyzstan, Armenia and Kazakhstan should focus on developing a unified strategy for youth and migration policies. The Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus should focus on population aging, providing older citizens with pension savings, and encouraging the development of family and motherhood institutions. This is disclosed in more detail in separate blocks of the study devoted to specific areas of social development of the EAEU countries.

The development of methodology for analyzing efficiency is acute today due to fundamental basis of budget system functioning. The last ten years proved the importance of social policy and the welfare system during periods of uncertainty and economic crises. In 2022 the vector of Russian economy development changed from west to east and the country will face a long-term opposition through unprecedented sanctions and challenges to its economy transformation. The article puts forward a simple ratio method of analyzing efficiency of budget expenses aimed at overcoming poverty in Russian regions, systematizes the most frequently mentioned in academic literature methods of researching efficiency of expenses on social policy, investigates the method of analyzing the utmost efficiency and provides conclusions about its low practical significance. The article proposes to use the author’s approach to ratio analysis supplemented with ranking method, plotting heat maps and estimating basic descriptive statistics. Research findings demonstrate its high theoretic and practical value, especially as a preliminary stage of the research within the frames of a complex analytical approach to assessing efficiency of expenses on social policy allotted from consolidated budgets of Russian Federation entities.

The social policy of the ordoliberal tradition has attracted limited scholarly attention despite an increased interest in the content of Ordoliberalism. This article attempts to fill the research gap through a reconstruction of the ideal-typical ordoliberal social policy model and its conception of the welfare state. At the same time, the author compares the scholarly positions of the first-generation ordoliberal thinkers with three ideal-typical welfare state models of social policy distilled from Esping-Andersen’s seminal book The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (1990). Aiming to uncover the possible distinctiveness of the ordoliberal social policy model, the conclusion is that while the ordoliberal social policy model shares similarities with the liberal and conservative models in Esping-Andersen’s typology, it constitutes a welfare policy model in its own right, not least via its foundation in Vitalpolitik.

The key function of the state and the main priority of its internal policy is the implementation of social policy, which includes a system of measures implemented by the state in the field of social security of the population and its social protection. The focus of social policy on improving the quality of living of certain groups of the population largely determines the relevance of the problem of financial support of the social system, increasing importance of the financial mechanism. Objective: to consider the main aspects and key characteristics of the state’s social policy and the specifics of its implementation at the regional level; to identify the main ways of optimization aimed at improving its effectiveness. Achieving this goal required, firstly, systematization and analysis of the main theoretical aspects that reveal the content, directions of formation and implementation of social policy. Secondly, the definition of the institutional basis for the formation and implementation of social policy. Thirdly, the analysis of the effectiveness of mechanisms for the implementation of social policy at the regional level. Fourth, to assess the socio-economic conditions for the implementation of social policy in the Pavlodar region. The article is based on a comprehensive approach to analyzing the interrelationships of social structure and social policy, taking into account regional aspects. The specifics of the peculiarities of the regions in the formation and implementation of the state social policy were determined.. The article notes that the objects of social policy, as a multidimensional and complex process, are the social sphere and social relations based on interaction between social groups and layers of society. The main goal of social policy is the welfare of citizens, their social protection and social development.

The effectiveness of financing the social security system is one of the key conditions for sustaining sustainable economic growth. The global economic crisis of 2020 associated with the coronavirus pandemic, and the subsequent crisis of 2022, due to the urgent need to carry out a structural transformation of the Russian economy in the context of large-scale international sanctions, emphasized the relevance of the problem of increasing the efficiency of budget expenditures on social policy. The purpose of the study is to develop methodological approaches to the comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of the State financial and investment model of social security of the population (further — SFIMSS) using the example of data on the socio-economic development of the regions of Russia. The following methods were used: coefficient analysis, ranking, construction of heat maps and regression analysis. The coefficient of efficiency of budget expenditures at the regional level makes it possible to have fairly comprehensive assessments of the regions. The application of the regression analysis methodology makes it possible to expand its effectiveness and identify important dependencies and relationships on the basis of which it is able to establish the policy of state financial regulation. This study evaluated the effectiveness of 85 regions for the period from 2017 to 2021. The most and least effective regions were identified. The construction and interpretation of the regression model made it possible to identify a number of significant exogenous factors such as GRP, GRP per capita, volume indices of GRP, that positively impact the effectiveness of SFIMSS. At the same time, the public debt on loans in rubles, the volume of budget expenditures on social support measures for certain categories, and the proportion of the population older and younger than working age have a negative impact. In the article, recommendations are given on the development of mechanisms for increasing the efficiency and targeting of budget expenditures, as well as the creation of conditions to accelerate economic growth in regions, which will increase the effectiveness of SFIMSS.

The Russian Federation as a welfare state has to guarantee social protection for certain target groups, one of which is orphans. Housing rights of orphans are central in the complex of social rights, but the problem of inability to secure housing for orphans remains unresolved. The purpose of the study is to analyze how the housing rights of orphans are realized in the judicial practice, to identify the causes of violations of legislation and to develop recommendations for its improvement. The article uses a neoinstitutional approach that allows to analyze the practice of implementing housing rights of orphans and the problems faced by orphans in the implementation of their housing rights. The study identifies the most frequent violations of the housing rights of orphans, considers the court decisions, and formulates recommendations for improving the normative acts regulating the housing rights of orphans.

The article considers the tasks of the ESG transformation in Russian companies. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the main problems and development trends of the ESG agenda in the regions where Russian business is reorienting in conditions of the sanctions’ pressure, namely, the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and the Middle East. The expediency of adopting a single national standard for non-financial reporting, which includes a system of indicators taking into account industry specifics and allows optimizing partnerships with Eastern counterparties, is substantiated. It is proposed to create an ESG portal under the auspices of VEB.RF as the main methodological center for sustainable development in the Russian Federation, which will allow Russian exporters and importers to receive up-to-date information on the ESG requirements of potential foreign counterparties. The basis for financing for the creation and development of such a portal should be both federal budget funds and private financing, which corresponds to the interests of both parties. Thus, the state encourages the development of export relations with foreign companies, and the private sector gets access to regularly updated information to expand foreign economic activity in new markets. Further research will be aimed at developing recommendations for Russian exporters and importers focusing on the markets of the Asia-Pacific region and the Middle East in the context of specific jurisdictions and industries.

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The aim of the study is a scientific substantiation and compositional presentation of comparative characteristics of social policy trends in a number of European countries, taking into account a certain set of social security criteria and drawing analytical conclusions about their changes. The relevance of expanding the spheres of implementation of social policy, conditioned by the current transformations of social values and rapid technological development of the world economy, is substantiated. This requires constant monitoring of social changes and analysis of the impact of the global environment on the socioeconomic development of countries. Some comparative characterizations of social security of the population of several European countries are provided according to a number of criteria (ratification of the updated ILO Conventions on Social Security, effective social protection coverage (including the SDG indicators 1.3.1, 3.8.1), expenditures on health care and social protection, legislative coverage of social protection, child and family benefits, maternity protection, sickness assistance, protection against occupational injuries, protection against unemployment, disability benefits, old age pensions). The clear difference between the social policy of Ukraine and the European countries, which is mainly related to the socioeconomic situation of our country and has intensified since the beginning of the aggravation of hybrid threats and the need for military protection, is emphasized. The tendencies that determine the critical necessity of the current reforms in social policy and having a significant impact on the socioeconomic situation of the European countries are allocated. The further deepening of social problems and the need for even more active reform of the social sphere are emphasized. It is concluded that the main task of Ukraine in the current conditions is to meet the basic needs and interests of society, to maintain the basic processes of life of society, to ensure the development and creation of social values at a sufficient level.

Among the long-term factors in developing the country’s economy and its regions is the development of human capital. However, the country’s human capital has a different level of physical and mental development. In this regard, the study of social policy is most relevant to improve the demographic situation in the country. The article considers the main tasks of the demographic development of Kazakhstan in recent years in connection with the level of social policy development. The issue of the effectiveness of social policy is particularly important for Kazakhstan, which is associated with the inevitability of population aging and the rapid increase in the burden on the ablebodied population, as well as a decrease in the number of young people and the number of women at the peak of fertility. This entails a decrease in the population in the future. The purpose of this article is to develop social policy mechanisms to improve the demographic situation in the country. The development of social infrastructure— education, healthcare, culture, sports, and other similar systems—could improve the demographic situation in Kazakhstan. The research method is a systematic and integrated approach that can develop recommendations in social policy to increase the population. The results of the study cover recommendations for social services and the development of social infrastructure. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the use of this material in textbooks, and the practical significance lies in the use of recommendations by authorities.

Objective: technology and digitalization play a converse role in these two fields of study of criminal sciences. On the one hand, they are used by agencies of criminal justice system in order to control, manage and prevent crime and criminals. On the other hand, criminals enjoy technology in carrying out their plans to commit crime. Thus, from the criminal sciences’ perspective, technology may be used or misused, and this is an interesting topic, and at the same time, an important research area for criminologists.Methods: the present article seeks to provide a descriptive-analytical discussion about digitalization of criminology and criminal justice in the light of modern technologies, internet and cyberspace. It introduces new areas and sub-disciplines including administrative criminology based upon actuarial justice and risk management/assessment theory, cyber criminology and cyber victimology, as two sub-disciplines of the new century, and algorithmic or computational criminology, as one of the latest area in criminal sciences, which all are influenced by digitalization and technology.Results: authors concluded that due to the digitalization atypical work emerges but legislator defines the scope of work regulated by law and that makes atypical work relationship becomes a typical work relationship. At the same time some areas fall into the gray zone. To fix that legislator should provide an interpretation that will not become empty in a year or two due to technological changes.Scientific novelty: the applicability of technology and digitalization in criminology and criminal justice has widely increased and developed, specifically since the beginning of the third millennium.Practical significance: digitalization and Technology has become increasingly important to criminology and criminal justice at both the theory and practice within the sphere of social and criminal sciences. The nature and types of crime and criminals, and also the methods and mechanisms of control and preventing them in the light of requirements of criminal policy and criminal justice are highly dependent upon technology and digitalization.

Social policy is one of the most important components of public life, which is aimed at creating conditions for improving the quality of life of the population. Industrially oriented regions are of particular importance for social policy, since it is here that industrial enterprises are concentrated, which are the main source of income for the population. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of the social policy of industrially oriented regions as drivers of socio-economic development. Information base – statistical data of Rosstat, statistical collection «Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators». The study was conducted based on the data for 2017–2021. The work used methods of statistical, logical analysis, general scientific methods of cognition: scientific measurement, observation, analysis, synthesis, etc. Methodological basis: a systematic approach to assessing the effectiveness of social policy in industrially oriented regions, methods of economic analysis: comparison, generalization, etc. Algorithm of the author's study of the effectiveness of the social policy of industrially oriented regions in the Russian Federation includes the following stages: a) determination of industrially oriented regions of the Russian Federation based on the sectoral structure of the economy; b) determination of the industrial profile of each of the regions selected at the first stage by calculating the coefficients of localization and specialization, identifying priority industries in the manufacturing sector of the region; c) selection, justification and analysis of statistical indicators reflecting the effectiveness of the social policy of the regions, calculation of indices of the dynamics of selected indicators for 2020–2021 with subsequent convolution into an integral index of the social policy of the region; d) determination of the volume and dynamics of budget expenditures in the areas of social policy of the regions for 2019–2020 (taking into account the time lag), calculation of indices of the dynamics of expenditure volumes with subsequent convolution into an integral index of the region's budget expenditures; e) positioning of industrially oriented regions in the coordinates «integral index of social policy» – «integral index of budget expenditures».

Sustainable approach to management is increasingly raised in various fields of business. In recent years, these include the field of events, in which decision-making is complicated by the peculiarities of its intersectoral nature and the lack of a developed theoretical and methodological basis that would serve as the foundation for the balanced implementation of sustainable decisions. The relevance of the topic is caused by the need to systematize theoretical and practical knowledge about the implementation of sustainability principles in event activities in order to comprehensively assess their potential impact on interconnected industries. The purpose is to summarize the existing practice of managing events in accordance with the principles of sustainable development and to determine its specifics. Methods include system analysis and theoretical generalization of the results of theoretical and scientific-practical research. The results of the analysis are as follows. Firstly, the manifestations of the negative impact of event activities on the external environment and the positive impact on the local socio-economic community are identified and summarized. Secondly, the complex impact of event activities on environment is analyzed and characterized as a consequence of the introduction of sustainability principles. Thirdly, the main types of sustainable practices are identified and systematized, which will help to strike a balance between the principles of sustainability and the favorable development of managament system. Fourthly, the specifics of implementing the principles of sustainability in events are formulated from the point of view of the possibilities of social modeling. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the qualitative result of the introduction of sustainable practices depends on an integrated approach to management, accounting the synergistic impact of the natural, economic and social spheres. Given the specifics of events, the latter has opportunities to promote the principles of sustainability in relation to other areas using social modeling methods.

The article deals with the issue of the relevance of improving the social policy of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union through the mechanism of “transinstitutional cooperation” (TC) proposed by the authors of the work. It represents interstate integration within the framework of the joint i mprovement of one or more public policy instruments (including social policy). The topic of the welfare state is discussed in the context of studying various areas of the socio-economic life of the EAEU members: the main political and legal document of the country — the Constitution, the national taxation system, quality of life indicators, the level of the shadow economy, the level of social inequality of different segments of the population, etc. The effectiveness of using various social policy instruments of the EAEU countries is compared in order to identify strengths and weaknesses, as well as the potential for their improvement within the framework of “institutional cooperation”.Aim. Taking into account the above, the purpose of the study was to analyze the patterns of development of the social policy of the Russian Federation, the republics of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia, to consider their weaknesses and points of growth in order to identify the potential for strengthening integration ties based on the unification of social development tools.Task. To analyze various areas of social life of the EAEU member countries, identify similarities in development trends in order to create a basis for the formation of unified socio-economic transformations. To demonstrate social tools for the development of “transinstitutional interaction” within the boundaries of the Eurasian Economic Union.Methods. The following methods were used in the article: comparative analysis — to compare the effectiveness of social policy instruments in the EAEU countries, content analysis — when analyzing documents (constitutions) of EAEU members to identify signs that allow identifying the state as a social one, as well as formal-logical analysis — when clarifying the concepts “welfare state” and “institutional cooperation”.Results. Based on the results of the study, the principles of the “welfare state” are considered on the example of the member countries of the Eurasian economic integration, the economic essence of “institutional cooperation” is formulated and proposed for implementation, designed to develop interethnic relations both within the union and beyond. A comprehensive analysis of the instruments of social policy of all participants in the Eurasian integration has been carried out, and recommendations for improving the instruments have been proposed.Conclusion. The accumulating unresolved issues of an internal nature are forcing the leadership of the members of the Eurasian Economic Union to accelerate the processes of building an unconditional policy of the welfare state. The solution of such “social modernization” alone seems difficult to implement, in this regard, it is proposed to take the path of a collective solution of the social issue through a unidirectional, unified social policy built on the basis of “transinstitutional cooperation”. The conducted analysis of social policy instruments lays down the priorities in the development of mechanisms of “transinstitutional cooperation” by the members of the EAEU. The Republics of Kyrgyzstan, Armenia and Kazakhstan should focus on developing a unified strategy for youth and migration policies, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus should focus on issues such as population aging, providing older citizens with pension savings, and encouraging the development of family and maternity institutions.

The relevance of the study is determined by the logic of the development of post-Soviet Russia and the special significance of the search for optimal methods and ways to implement social policy. The main objective of the article is to analyse the measures of social support for large families at the regional level. The study is based on comparative-functional, institutional and systemic methods that allow characterising and determining the significance of social support measures for families after the birth of a third child. The complex application of these methods enables understanding of the functional and dynamic features of measures of social support for large families at the regional and local levels. The main results of the study led to conclusion that social poli cy is one of the priority areas in the activities of the Russian state. It was revealed that large families occupy an important place in solving demographic problems, since the total birth rate is largely determined by the birth of a second and subsequent children in Russian families. It is demonstrated that active work is being carried out at the regional level in order to implement the privilege legislation of the Russian Federation to provide social support to large families. At the same time, there is a gap between the possibilities of various regions and local self-governments. It has been established that the implementation of social policy by the Ministry of Social Development of the Orenburg Region is carried out on the basis of the effective use of the financial resources of the federal and regional budgets in accordance with the obligations taken and the real possibilities for their implementation. Decline in the birth rate due to the outbreak of coronavirus infection is identified as the main social problem. Analysis of the information carried out in the course of the study indicates that significant financial support from the federal level is required. The study substantiates the necessity of the development and the legislative approval of additional measures of social support for large families both at the federal and regional levels, as well as expansion of the use of business opportunities, social partnerships and public formations.

The article reconstructs the integral system of children’s care during the World War I, aimed at the soldiers’ children – those whose fathers were at the front, were killed or maimed. There are characterized measures of their state support and highlighted main organizational structures engaged in charitable care of this category of children on an all-Russian scale. A special role among them was occupied by the Elizabethan Committee, which provided subsidiary support to local charitable initiatives. Significant, that large charitable organizations also received state funding. The mechanisms for providing support to child-victims of war were the assignment of benefits, including payment for education, and placement in specialized institutions on a permanent or temporary basis, including with vocational training. The article gives information is about new types of children’s institutions, that received support during the war – nurseries, agricultural colonies, hearths. These progressive institutions of public education became widespread in military circumstances and continued their development in the post-revolutionary period. Emphasized a movement towards the adoption of a special law that enshrines guarantees of state support for children, which needs of assistance. The author comes to the conclusion that the evolution of children’s care during the World War I followed the path of establishing the foundations of state social policy.

In the presented article, first of all, it is noted that the study of the experience of constitutional and legal regulation and reform of the healthcare sector in developed countries, as well as in countries with economies in transition, is absolutely necessary for the successful development of this most important social sector in Azerbaijan. Further, the author considers the social function of the state, where the leading place belongs to the state policy in the field of protecting the health of a citizen. As a result of the study, it is indicated that in the Republic of Azerbaijan, as a social state, health is considered as an object that needs to establish a legal regime of protection. Purpose: to explore the main directions of constitutional and legal regulation in the field of healthcare. Methodology: Legal regulation gives the health care system optimal focus and assurance, also creates conditions for the development of a long-term program for the development of this system, determines the stability of the provision of the health care system as a whole and, on this basis, improves the forms and methods of managing this area. Scientific novelty: Studying the experience of constitutional and legal regulation and reforming the healthcare sector is absolutely necessary for the successful development of this most important social sector in Azerbaijan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the stages of the formation of consumer society in the USSR in 1953–1985. The main directions of the social policy of the Soviet state to meet the material needs of the Soviet population are considered. The conclusion is made about the growing contradictions between the consumer aspirations of the masses and the limited capabilities of the Soviet economy as the reason for the collapse of the unified Soviet Union.

The study explores the right to disconnect as a means of regulation of digital labor management in the European Union and the Russian Federation. The issue of remote work regulation and preventing risks has become particularly crucial, due to the rise of remote work during the pandemic of COVID-19. Though social distancing measures were cancelled, society and business sphere had a demand for new types of work. The aim of the study is to scrutinise the features of the right to disconnect in the EU and Russia. The research briefly describes the changes in the working sphere as a result of digitalization as well as analyses the approaches to the right to disconnect and explores the practices of implementation of the right to disconnect in several EU country members and the changes in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The study reveals differences not only in the ways of implementation of the right to disconnect but also in the way the essence of the right is defined. In other words, the problem of the right to disconnect is based on what is meant by «disconnect» and digital rights. The study sheds light on one of the components of the system of regulation of digital labor management as well as on the importance of differentiating between the right to disconnect and similar existing rights.

The article considers the possibility of solving the urgent problems of insufficient solvent demand and low rates of economic growth of the Russian economy in the process of implementing social policy of an active participant in the process of increasing aggregate supply in the economy as a generator of production growth and employment growth.Within the framework of the proposed new paradigm of social policy, the author of the article focuses on the need to strengthen the financial position of an individual by providing an additional and stable source of income through state financing of job search, training or opening their own business.The specifics of the research is the author's proposal to focus special attention on the possibility of receiving financial support from the state in the Russian Federation on a gratuitous and irrevocable basis for the above-mentioned purposes in the form of:– subsidies for the unemployed to start a business;– grants for small businesses;– social contracts.Thus, an urgent requirement for the modern system of state financing of entrepreneurial activity in the Russian Federation in the conditions of the financial and economic crisis is the need for improvement and universality of use.A prerequisite for the effective implementation of the new model of social policy is the provision of adequate opportunities for various segments of the population to open their own businesses in order to increase Russia's GDP (Gross Domestic Product), increase the number of taxpayers and expand the tax base, improve the country's macroeconomic indicators.The positive dynamics of the national income of Russia, the personal income of the citizens of the country, and, consequently, the increase in the level and quality of their life, a decrease in the level of income differentiation is the final result of effective financial support for socially vulnerable segments of the population.According to the author, the positive consequences of the successful implementation of the proposed approach in the implementation of social policy are as follows:– macroeconomic ones (stable rates of economic growth, expansion of effective demand, falling unemployment, growth in employment, GDP, tax revenues to the budget, the level and quality of life of the population);– microeconomic ones (growth of income of the population, decrease in the number of people in need of social support, decrease in the degree of differentiation of incomes of citizens).

The problems of obtaining socially significant services for all groups of the population never lose their relevance. Recently, problems associated with obtaining highly effective and affordable medical care have become especially important. First of all, we are talking about health care services financed from the budget and compulsory medical insurance funds. However, paid medical services are no less important in ensuring a high quality of life for people. In order to ensure the availability of paid medicine for all groups of the population, regardless of income level, the state is implementing a number of measures to support medical organizations, including in the field of taxation. However, the existing measures are clearly not enough, it is necessary to develop and apply additional tools to improve the quality and accessibility of medical care. The authors consider the possibility of applying a number of these measures.

Issues of social policy are the most important direction of state regulation of the economy, aimed at ensuring the well-being and comprehensive development of its citizens and society in general. After all, the social sphere not only regulates the employment processes of the population, but also provides work for millions of people in the country. According to statistical data, such branches of the social complex as health care, education, trade, housing and communal services, and others provide jobs for up to 20% of the economically active population, and in economically developed countries, up to 70% of all workers are employed in the service sector. The issue gained special importance during the invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. Among the major tasks of the social policy of the state are: harmonization of social relations, coordination of interests and needs of individual population groups; creation of conditions for improving the material well-being of citizens; provision of social protection of all citizens and their basic socio-economic rights guaranteed by the state; ensuring rational employment of citizens in the war and post-war periods in Ukraine; development of branches of the social complex; ensuring the ecological stability of the country. The setting of the tasks consists in determining the basic principles of the development of social policy, as well as the development of national policy directions in the social sphere on an innovative basis. The purpose of the research is to determine the features of social policy on an innovative basis, taking into account the features of international experience. The main methods used during the research are analysis, statistical, comparison, regulatory and legal regulation. Results and discussion. The international experience of the peculiarities of the development of social policy in the countries of the European Union is summarized. The positive aspects of the development of the employed population are determined, taking into account the peculiarities of the development of innovations and the factors that restrain their development. An important development is the development of national policy directions in the social sphere on an innovative basis. The field of application of research results is socio-economic development.

The article focuses on the social dimension of territorial development and investments in Russian regions. The conducted research is devoted to territories with a special regime for business activities in Russia, their investment and innovation background and policy aiming at improving social environment and population well-being. Based on legal analysis and regulatory practices, the authors reveal drivers for strategic management of social and economic development, recommend some rules and underline possible benefits for territories’ residents. The paper discusses the advantages and perspectives of developing territories with aspecial regime for business activities in Russia, alongside with constraining factors discouraging their development. Theoretical issues are exemplified by some priority social and economic development areas created in the Far East. Most attention is paid to the infrastructural development of priority social and economic development areas, while special emphasis is placed on the cluster approach to the development of such territories, a comparison is made with technoparks and industrial parks.

The COVID-19 crisis has accelerated separate megatrends and transformations not only in the social sphere, but also in the digital one in the public administration system. Information exchange, electronic participation and two-way communication using digital platforms allowed public authorities and business structures to respond promptly to the crisis in the short term. The urgency of the issues to be solved determined the adoption of measures not only in the short term prospect, but also indicated the need to develop them for the medium and long term period. The aim of the study was to analyse and systematise the set of measures taken by public authorities in different countries, in the mobilisation and crisis management of COVID-19. An important aspect of the study seems to be the identification of directions for digitalisation and further state and municipal digital services modernisation. The analysis of the measures taken by public authorities in different countries has highlighted that the policy of accelerating the digitalization of public administration and the public services provision in regions, cities and rural areas had helped to solve the social and economic problems. The regional and local measures versatility in different countries on digitalization in the medium term prospect makes it possible to form common approaches for using this experience in order to further modernize state and municipal digital services.

At present, the problem of poverty is urgent for both Russia and Norway. According to Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, 12.1% of the Russian population was below the poverty line in the second quarter of 2021. According to the World Bank, the national poverty rate in Norway in 2018 was 12.7%. At the same time, both states position themselves as having overcome extreme poverty. Both states use the social-democratic type of the welfare state concept as the basis of social policy. The purpose of this study is to research the influence the welfare state concept application on the national level of poverty in Russia and Norway. The research methods are the analysis of official statistics of Russia, Norway and the World Bank, international reports, legislative acts and the analysis of media texts. The conclusions of this study highlight that the use of the welfare state concept in the Russian Federation and the Kingdom of Norway can positively affect the national level of poverty, but it contains a set of significant risks. The results show that further use of elements of the welfare state concept to combat poverty is possible in both countries, but taking into account the current realities, namely, the application of the principles of multidimensional evaluation, targeting in implementation and consideration of regional specificity in practical work with the phenomenon of poverty, and the involvement of other (besides the state) social institutions in this process. The conclusion of this paper formulates recommendations for state and municipal authorities of the Arctic subjects of the Russian Federation (mainly) and the Kingdom of Norway (to a lesser extent) to adjust the social practices used with regard to current trends and taking into account the identified risks.

The article attempts to analyse and define the specific features of the iGeneration (Z) and Generation Alpha in Ukraine in the context of the political processes and the war taking place in Ukrainian society. The article discusses the generation issues, taking into account the characteristics of the iGeneration (Z) and Generation Alpha. Assuming that a generation is an identifiable group of people who share a similar time of birth and significant events at critical stages of development, the article presents an original approach to determining the specific features of the iGeneration (Z) and Generation Alpha in Ukraine. The Orange Revolution (2004), the Revolution of Dignity (2014) and the hybrid war (2014-2022) and Russian-Ukrainian war (from 24.02.2022) had a significant impact on the formation of the iGeneration (Z) and Generation Alpha in Ukraine.

Background. The processes of modernisation in the late 20s-30s of the 20th century (or in the 20-30s of the 20th century) resulted in qualitative changes in all life spheres of the Russian society. The radical renewal of industrial production was accompanied by the creation of a complex social infrastructure. This causes interest in the organization of the healthcare system as a criterion for socially-oriented management under a large-scale transformation of Russia. Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyse health care as a modernisation element of social and economic changes during the Great Leap. Materials and methods. The author bases his research on unpublished archival materials, materials of local periodicals, normative acts of the Soviet government. When analysing the material, the author resorts to special methods of historical research. Results. The results of the study show that in the 20-30s of the 20th century, health care becomes one of the most important areas of state policy, flexibly incorporating into the modernisation course. The organisation of health care took place in difficult conditions of forming a new state, restoring after post-war devastation and combating epidemics. The chosen vector of the socio-economic course determined social priorities for healthcare. A differentiated, class approach to medical care for the population proceeded in accordance with the program guidelines outlined in the five-year plans. Maintaining the health of the working class was regarded one of the leading factors of production. Under the lack of workers, one of the most important public policies was the involvement of women in production and, as a result, the deployment of preventive medical measures in childcare centres. At the same time, there is an apparent bias in medical care in favor of urban areas. In the conditions of forced industrialisation, limited resources, the agricultural sector was considered more a source of financing than an object of investment. In general, the health care system built according to the principles of N.A. Semashko provided for the unity of command, a wide territorial coverage, including the provision of medical care to the entire population. But historical conditions did not allow the declared provisions to be realised full-scale. Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in writing generalizing works on the social policy in the late 1920s-30s of the XXTH century.

The state, due to its socio-economic nature, must regulate and control the most important social processes. Migration is an important part of these processes, since the attraction of additional labor resources will give a certain impetus to the sustainable development of the country and ensure long-term economic growth. However, the implementation of migration policy is associated with a whole range of problems. The problems of social and digital adaptation of migrants, social and territorial disunity are among them. Added to this is the lack of effective interaction between public authorities and municipalities with civil society institutions, as well as the presence of a clear bias in ensuring equal opportunities in obtaining public services, depending on the level of income, migration status and other factors. The weak role of civil institutions in social and cultural adaptation and the language barrier also exacerbate the situation. The dominance of unskilled personnel in the structure of migration flows aggravates their digital adaptation. The digitalisation of many processes could have a signifcant impact in solving these problems. With its help, an effective institutional environment would gradually form. This article examines the social aspects of migrants’ adaptation in the context of digitalization. In the course of the research, the author conducted a comprehensive analysis, including observations, expert interviews and analysis of regulatory documents. The paper considers various aspects of the adaptation of migrants within the framework of political, socio-economic, psychological, national and demographic problems. As the study showed, in the context of digitalization it is necessary to form a fundamentally new institutional environment in the feld of adaptation of migrants in the host country. A qualitatively different regulatory framework, new institutions that harmonize the interests of the state, civil society, business and migrants should become a part of this environment.

The issues of correlation of national and supranational sources of financing of the social sphere in Hungary are investigated. Due to the potential impact of all EU structural funds on the development of the social sphere and the difficulty of strictly scientific measurement of the contribution of each of them to social development, special attention is paid to the projects of the European Social Fund in Hungary. An analysis of the available information on completed and ongoing projects showed a noticeable focus on local issues and very little impact on national priorities. In connection with the accusations of the Hungarian opposition in the misuse of funds from EU funds, the country's authorities examined the relationship between Hungary and the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF). It is noted that Hungary has a fairly effective and fully compliant system for monitoring and using EU funds. To date, OLAF has not identified any abuse of funds from the ESF. Preliminary assessments of the possibilities of Hungary for the long-term provision of humanitarian assistance to Ukrainian refugees on the territory of Hungary have been made. It is pointed out that the continued influx of refugees and the growing number of people who want to choose Hungary as a destination country complicates the implementation of the current social policy, especially in the context of the implementation of election promises.

The relevance of the study is due to the necessity to deepen the theoretical and methodological analysis of social development. The article is aimed at substantiating and generalizing the impact of social entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility of business on the level of social development of Ukraine. The components of social development, upon which the greatest influence occurs, are determined. The current trends in the development and spread of social business are analytically substantiated, the growth of the number of socially responsible business entities is proved. Thus, it is substantiated that social entrepreneurship overwhelmingly affects the solution of social problems of the population, in particular, employment; helps vulnerable groups of the population, including persons with disabilities; improves the state of community social infrastructure, etc. Instead, within the terms of corporate social responsibility, the social effect concerns ensuring decent work for its employees; responsible behavior toward stakeholders and society; solving social problems through the implementation of social projects or other social initiatives (in particular, charity and volunteering), as well as ecological problems. It is emphasized that the effectiveness of social influence largely depends on the coordinated interaction between business, the population and the State. The examined aspects of the activities of social entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility allow to further substantiate a more efficient mechanism for increasing the level of social development of Ukraine.

This study is a systematic analysis of the current debate in leading English-language journals about the future of social policy in an aging society. Pension systems have been reformed in most European countries in recent decades, but there are types of reforms that can shift the burden of aging to other generations. If the benefits and costs of these reforms affect generations’ perceptions of social policy in different ways, then pension reform can be used as a tool to improve not only public finances, but also intergenerational solidarity. The investigation of the relationship between different types of pension reforms and social justice is one of the tasks of this study. One of the main challenges was to understand whether the changes in social policy could intensify or reduce the conflicts between generations. The results showed that the support for social policy, which is mainly aimed at older people, has declined in most European countries, although the vast majority of people believe that the state should provide a reasonable standard of living for older people. Support for the elderly declined more in the countries that raised the retirement age and introduced multi-pillar pensions. At the same time, a well-functioning intergenerational welfare pact is not only about ensuring the well-being of older people. It is also a preference for policies that support the working population and those under working age. The rebalancing of the intergenerational welfare pact can provide a solid foundation for an adequate pension policy.