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Nowadays sex-age gap, stature, and ancestral ties are used as biological markers to identify people for forensic purposes. This study was carried out to investigate sexual dimorphic characterization in a small ethnic group in northern Nigeria as seen in hand lengths and ratios. The present study was conducted on 862 subjects (308 males and 554 females) aged 11 to 19. Hand length measurements were taken from the ventral crease to the tip of the finger as r2d, l2d, l2d, l4d, and 2d:4d respectively. Student’s t-test was used to describe data and sex differentiation. Pearson’s correlation analysis was applied to establish relationship between stature and age with hand length ratios. Multiple regression models were generated to back up the strength of relationship by prediction from digit lengths for stature. P

The incidence and mortality of malignant neoplasms of non-reproductive organs both carcinomas and sarcomas in men is one and a half times higher than in women. This is based on genetic differences, which are superimposed by patterns of epigenetic regulation of the expression of sex chromosome genes that determine sex differences in the processes of tissue differentiation, which, in turn, mediates the formation of the hormonal status of the body. Compared to the Y chromosome, the mammalian X chromosome contains several dozen times more genes encoding major regulators of proliferation, metabolism, immunity, and tumor growth inhibitors, as well as X-linked microRNAs affecting transcription factors and cross-regulation by other non-coding RNAs. This results in a female or male gene expression profile that accounts for phenotypic differences. This peculiarity, along with the fact that in female cells on the second inactivatedX chromosome epigenetic repression of the most important genes is reversed and, accordingly, their expression level is doubled, may largely explain the sex disparity in carcinogenesis. The influence of sex hormones and disparity in the expression of antitumor immunity contribute significantly to this difference. A detailed study of the mechanisms underlying sex dimorphism in carcinogenesis will be an essential contribution to fundamental oncology and to the practice of diagnosis, prognosis and personalized treatment of malignances with regard to their gender-specific course. These studies are especially relevant in relation to insufficiently studied soft tissue sarcomas, the ratio of the frequencies of which in men and women varies greatly depending on the histological subtype of the tumor.

Introduction and purpose: Human skeleton-based sex estimation is a major topic of interest for forensic anthropologists. Various bones have been examined for sex heterogeneity. The most commonly used include skull and pelvis, however they may not always be used due to damage or fragmentation. The patella has been shown to be resistant to postmortem changes, which creates a potential use for determining the sex of unknown human remains. Materials and methods: The samples were gathered from patients examined by computed tomography angiography (CTA) of lower extremities in University Hospital No. 4 in Lublin. Exclusion criteria included patellar fractures, knee replacement and advanced osteoporosis. A total of 120 CTA examinations of 65 males and 55 females, were included in the analysis. Four measurements for every patella: craniocaudal patella dimension (CCP), transverse dimension (TP), anteroposterior dimension (APP) and patellar angle (PA), were obtained from CTA images. Results: The statistical analysis proved that sex differences of all variables, except for PA, were statistically significant (p < 0,001). Conclusions: Patellar measurements can be helpful in sex determination in the Polish population. CT is a useful tool for skeleton-based sex identification.

In the article the principle of the classification of the anatomical shape of the object with complex geometry – distal femoral epiphysis. The approach is based on a study of the ratio of the length, width and height of the medial and lateral condyles of the object being studied. For the first time shows sexual dimorphism in the shape of distal femoral epiphysis – from women significantly more often than men, found the prevalence of the length of the medial condyle of the lateral length. It is possible that this feature may be due to changes associated with childbirth.

Introduction and purpose: The sternum is one of the bones that build up the anterior chest wall. It consists of three parts: manubrium, body and xiphoid process. It has been observed that this bone exhibits sexual dimorphism, which can be used in many fields of science. The aim of the study was to find morphological parameters showing sexual dimorphism that allow unambiguous sex identification. Material and method: 240 patients (140 women and 100 men) underwent chest CT and the following measurements were taken: angle of the sternum, length of the manubrium, body and xiphoid process, sum of the length of the manubrium and body, total length of the sternum. The thickness of all three parts of it and the width of the manubrium and body were also measured. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney "U" test. Values of p < 0. 05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The results of all statistical analyses did not show statistical significance as a basis for the definitive determination of gender. However, some trends between the sexes have been observed, but these cannot be regarded as universal principles of gender identification. Conclusions: There is a need for further researches on finding metric parameters of the sternum allowing gender identification, carried out on large population groups. To achieve this goal, the results of imaging tests, which are often used in diagnostics, including post-mortem examinations - Vitropsy, may be useful.

Morphological variability can be used as an indicator of the state of invertebrate populations. Microevolutionary processes can show up in the morphological differentiation of populations. This includes differences between morphometric characters in the two sexes. The variability of 12 populations of Bembidion minimum (Coleoptera, Carabidae) was assessed by 24 morphometric characteristics and indices in this article. Bembidion minimum is a halophile that lives in ecosystems of Protected Areas in Ukraine (Black Sea Biosphere Reserve, Dniprovsko-Orilskyi Nature Reserve, Ornithological Sanctuary «Bulakhovsky Liman», Regional Landscape Park «Dniprovi Porogy», Samara Forest). The coefficients of variation for males, females, and combined populations of males and females were estimated in the article. The studied populations inhabited different soil and plant conditions and were under the influence of anthropogenic factors of varying intensity. The redundancy analysis shows three clusters. In the first cluster, morphometric characteristics and indices in both males and females were linked to environmental variables (herb layer, salt, composition of soil). The second cluster had morphometric characteristics and indices in both males and females with a link to environmental variables (pH, litter, recreational load, cattle grazing). The third cluster formed morphometric characteristics and indices in both males and females that are not affected by any environmental variables. The coefficient of variation for most of the linear morphometric characteristics of B. minimum (width of head, length of prothorax, width of prothorax, length of elytra and distance between setae on the elytra) for males was significantly lower than for the combined sample of males and females. The variability of width of elytra and length of body was significantly higher for females than for males. The degree of variability of males, females and their combined sample did not significantly differ for nonlinear morphometric characteristics, as well as for the six morphometric indices (body proportions) studied by us. In general, in the 12 studied populations of B. minimum, the coefficient of variation for most of the studied measurements was insignificantly lower in males (CV = 5.59%) than in females (6.10%) or in the combined sample of males and females (6.75%). The lowest variability in populations of B. minimum was found for morphometric indices: CV = 3.89% for males, CV = 3.76% for females, and CV = 3.86% for the combined population (males + females). The absence of differences in the mean values of the coefficient of variation between males, females and the combined sample of males and females for each individual population suggests that both males and females make a relatively equal contribution to the polymorphism of B. minimum populations. An assessment of the morphological variability of invertebrates, and especially the variation of coefficients of linear parameters and morphometric indices, can be used to indicate the state of ecosystems in Protected Areas in Ukraine and other countries.

The investigation in the population structure of the western subspecies of the multicolored lizard ( Eremias arguta deserti Gmelin, 1789) was carried out in semi-deserts of the Lower Volga region. The purpose of the study was to find out the features of the population morphometric data. The main research methods: measuring the length of the trunk and tail with an accuracy of up to a millimeter, statistical data processing using the Kolmogorov - Smirnov test in the STATISTICA 12 program. Statistical analysis showed the presence of sexual dimorphism in the population in terms of body parameters: the length of the tail of males is significantly greater than that of females. The calculation of the statistical significance of the differences between the average length of the trunk and the length of the tail confirmed that males and females have longer tails than the trunk. Yet sexually mature males and females do not differ significantly from each other in terms of body size. At the same time, females have a certain variability of morphometric data, which serves as one of the main indicators of intra-population variability.

Background. Ergometric physical working capacity (PWC) testing has a long tradition in occupational medicine. PWC can be tested, using performance indicators like VO2max or the mechanical power. However, the calculated by bicycle ergometry PWC in reality reflects the reaction of the autonomic nervous system to muscle load, which, in turn, is strong, but still not absolutely complete, correlates with VO2max as a real indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between PWC, calculated based on the result of two-stage bicycle ergometry, and the parameters of neuro-endocrine regulation as well as sexual differences in such relationships. Materials and Methods. The object of observation were 30 women 29-76 (49,4±11,0) years and 30 men 24-69 (47,4±12,0) years without a clinical diagnosis, but with the deviations from the norm in a number of parameters of the neuro-endocrine-immune complex as a manifestation of maladaptation. For estimation of PWC a two-stage bicycle ergometry used. Parameters of EEG, HRV and adaptation hormones levels registered twice with an interval of 4 or 7 days. Results. In men, PWC correlates negatively with plasma levels of cortisol (r=-0,52) and triiodothyronine (r=-0,47), but positively with levels of calcitonin (r=0,25) and testosterone (r=0,22). The coefficient of multiple correlation R=0,705. In women, the correlation of the twice lower PWC with cortisol and calcitonin is weaker (r=-0,31 and 0,18, respectively), and is absent with testosterone and triiodothyronine, instead it was found in relation to aldosterone (r=-0,24); R=0,394. The PWC regression model for men includes 6 HRV and 11 EEG parameters (R=0,846), while for women only the mode HRV (r=-0,56) and two EEG parameters (R=0,608). Conclusion. PWC levels in men are generally downregulated by cortisol, triiodothyronine, sympathetic tone, and θ-rhythm generating neurons, but upregulated by testosterone, calcitonin, vagal tone, and related α-rhythm generating neurons. In women, PWC levels are borderline downregulated by cortisol and aldosterone, but significantly upregulated by circulating catecholamines and β-rhythm generating neurons.

Morphological signs (32 plastic and 7 meristic) and biological parameters (size, weight, age and sexual structure, fecundity) are considered for weather loaches of gen. Misgurnus inhabiting the Pad Bolshaya (Jewish Autonomous oblast), with the body length Ad 60.2-182.4 mm, body weigh 2.3-55.3 g, age 1-8 years and sex ratio about 1 : 1 (53 % males, 47 % females). Sexual dimorphism is found for antedorsal, anteventral and ventroanal distances, tail fin base length, base length and height of pectoral, pelvic and anal fins, and maximum body height. Ontogenetic variability of morphological indices in dependence on body length is detected for 26 of 32 plastic signs, whereas the dependence of anteanal, antedorsal, pectoventral, and anteventral distances, and maximum and minimum body height on the body length is not statistically significant. Males grow slower than females. Age of puberty is 4-6 years, mean individual absolute fecundity is 7409 eggs. The analysis concluded that the weather loaches Misgurnus in the Pad Bolshaya belonged to the species Misgurnus nikolskyi (Vasil’eva, 2001).

Linear and weight growth of amur flathead asp Pseudaspius leptocephalus is described on the base of the measurements data collected on the lower Amur (from Nizhneleninskoe village to the mouth) in 2004–2018, using von Bertalanffy growth equation. Age was determined for 2240 fish including 1061 females and 528 males. The main specific features of the amur flathead asp growth are the absence of sexual dimorphism in linear growth rate and the absence of the body length differences between females and males, except of the eldest fish. However, the sexual dimorphism is found for the weight growth. A compensatory growth is noted for the amur flathead asp. The amur flathead asp parameters have some geographical variability.

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Background. Pholidosis – the location of the scutes on the body of reptiles – is used for taxonomic, as well as for determination of an influence of environmental factors on ontogenesis. We described the features of pholidosis of Nikolsky’s viper in the Middle Don basin and compared the features of males and females. Materials and methods. In the Middle Don basin, material was collected in the Bobrovsky, Novousmansky, Anninsky, and Borisoglebsky districts of Voronezh Region. The average values of the of pholidosis features for males and females were counted, a comparison of these features between males and females in the Voronezh region, as well as a comparison with vipers from other regions were done. A scalation of the pileus of reptiles, e.g. variations of each type of scutellum, and combination of scutes were described. Results. Sex differences were described for Vipera berus nikolskii on the territory of Voronezh region: females have a larger number of abdominal, nasolabial and posterior nasal scutes, while males have pairs of sub-caudal scales. Significant interpopulation differences in the number of abdominal scutes were revealed between vipers from Voronezh Region and the environs of Samara, Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd, Ivanovo Regions, and the Republic of Mari El. In all cases, the number of abdominal plates of vipers from the territory of Voronezh Region is significantly higher. The authors identified 77 variations in the scutellum of the pileus, these variations were combined into five groups. Conclusions. A sexual dimorphism found out in the research was probably associated with similar sex differences in the metric characters: females have a longer body and head length compared to males, and males have a longer tail. One of the most stable features of the pholidosis is the number of abdominal scutes, and this trait is convenient for identifying interpopulation differences. The scaling of the pileus is highly variable. The most variable feature is the number of frontal scutes. Among the pileus groups, the most common is the group 1 (typical location of the scutes).

Aim: to study the sexual dimorphism of the concentration in the blood of endothelial alteration factors in the dynamics of the surgical treatment of moderate chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) in comparison with clinically healthy volunteers. Material and Methods. A total of 20 clinically healthy volunteers (average age is 30 (24; 37), 50% are men) and 31 patients with moderate chronic generalized periodontitis (average age is 31 (27; 38), 40% are men) were examined. Serum concentrations of homocysteine and C-reactive protein were determined. Patients with chronic generalized periodontitis were treated following the surgical scheme. Results. In patients with chronic generalized periodontitis, prior to treatment, an increased level of homocysteine and C-reactive protein (CRP) was detected in the serum. Conservative treatment in the preoperative period caused a decrease in the level of homocysteine in patients, while there was no significant change in the rate of C-reactive protein. 10 days after the surgery, an increase in the concentration of homocysteine and C-reactive protein in serum was observed in patients of both sexes, indicating a reactive change. At the same time, reactive changes were more pronounced in women. Long-term results of surgical treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis indicate a decrease in C-reactive protein and homocysteine levels in patients of both sexes. Sexual dimorphism was manifested by the fact that women had lower homocysteine content than men: 9.4 (8.9; 9.7) versus 13.3 (10.8; 14.1) umol/l (p=0,004). Conclusion. Patients of both sexes with moderate chronic generalized periodontitis have elevated C-reactive protein and homocysteine levels. Sexual dimorphism is manifested by higher levels of homocysteine, but not C- reactive protein in men. The acute period of surgical treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis is characterized by an increase in the concentration of factors affecting the endothelium in the blood, which are more pronounced in women. Long-term surgical treatment results of chronic generalized periodontitis demonstrate a decrease of homocysteine and C-reactive protein levels in blood with homocysteine levels being lower in women than in men.

Linear and weight growth of amur white bream are considered on the basis of von Bertalanffy and Schmalhausen growth equations using the data collected in the Amur River (from Nizhneleninskoe village to the mouth) in 1958–2011. Age was determined for 1703 specimens (672 females and 699 males, sex not defined for others). The main feature of the amur white bream growth is a sexual dimorphism, primarily in the specific growth rate. Generally, females live longer than males. Another important feature is a compensatory growth, that maintains the size of all individuals around the mean level in the age of their pubertation. Mean age of females maturation is 5+...6+ years, when their body length is 27 cm on average. Males mature earlier, in the age of 4+...5+ years. Commercial size of amur white bream is determined as 27 cm that corresponds with the size in the age of mass maturation and the highest biomass of females. The minimum natural mortality coefficient (φM) is determined as 0.249 for females and 0.320 for males, on average. The maximum body length of amur white bream, both in the model and real observations, is 50 cm, the maximum body weight is 2 kg, and the maximum age is 17 years. So, the reports about findings of amur white bream with the length up to 55 cm and weight up to 4.1 kg are doubtful.

Published and original data on the steppe viper distribution in the Central Chernozem Region, including the museum-reserve Divnogorie, were generalized for the period of 2012 to 2016. The sex and age composition of vipers as well as their morphological features were studied.

Background. As taxonomic character of wing venation in dolichopodid flies is often used in taxonomic studies, more detailed observation including variation in shape and pattern of sexual dimorphism between different generations and between sides of individuals has the potential to shed light on evolutionary trends in the family. Materials and methods. A geometric morphometric analysis was conducted to examine the patterns of wing shape variation in the individual population of Poecilobothrus regalis (Meigen, 1824). ANOVA was used to estimate significance of differences among generations, sexes and sides. CVA was performed to allocate these differences. Degree of asymmetry was computed as difference between sizes of left and right wings. Assessment of differences between values of asymmetry in the groups was taken using t-test. Results. An analysis of the data using the Procrustes method found significant intergenerational differences in wing size and shape, and it was shown that the intergenerational shape variation was partly explained by the allometry. Statistic comparison of the amount and pattern of sexual shape dimorphism among three generations reveals no significant differences. In three cases, significant directional asymmetry was found. Conclusion. A comparison of the intergenerational and intra-generational pattern of shape variation and variation, attributed to directional asymmetry, showed their considerable correspondence. There was no significant evidence that level of fluctuating asymmetry may be a measure of the ability of individuals to cope with environmental conditions.

Stone moroko forms cluster schoolings in those areas of Lake Sevan basin, which shallow and covered by vegetation. As a result of study of lake Sevan' tributaries a small population of stone moroko has been found only in the downstream of the river Dzknaget, as well as in the channel of the Hrazdan River, where it has been first found. Student's t-test shows that 1, 2 and 3 years old populations are significantly different from each other. Sexual dimorphism hasn't been revealed due to morph-metrical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Issues concerning the corpus callosum structure and role in the implementation of interoperability between the two hemispheres of the human brain are still open for discussion in spite of significant achievements in clinical, morphological and neurophysiological studies. Objective. The aim of this study was to obtain a general planimetric characteristics of the corpus callosum median profile of men and women aged from 32 to 56. Methods. Two samples from the series of MR-tomograms of mentally healthy men and women heads made in the sagittal plane were used. Results. According to the study, the area of the corpus callosum median profile in male group is from 1182,6 to 1668,5 mm2 (average – 1315,2±175 mm2). This area is in the grasp of its profile contour, with the minimum length equal to 171,2 mm, and the maximum length equal to 219,6 mm (average – 196,1±13,5 mm). This conditional radius of the corpus callosum circle contour varies from 27,2 to 35,1 mm (average value is 31,2 mm). In female group variations in the area of the median profile of corpus callosum is from 1025,3 to 1754,0 mm2 (average - 1310,4±217,0 mm2). The minimum length of its profile contour is 167,7 mm and the maximum one is up to 207,3 mm (on average - 186,3±12,2 mm). Accordingly, its conditional radius is found in the range between 26,7 to 32,8 mm (average – 29,6 mm). Conclusion. For the first time, using planimetric method for studying the dimensional characteristics of the corpus callosum on the basis of MRI images samples and using a formal method of topological transformation of its contour shape into isometric circle, we managed to reliably ascertain that the average value of women is somewhat less than that of men. Citation: Boiagina OD, Kostilenko JuP. [Planimetric analysis of individual variability and sexual dimorphism of middle-aged people corpus callosum according to MRI images]. Morphologia. 2015;9(4):21-5. Russian.

In mammals, males are typically larger and heavier than females. In particular, the average weight of wild boar females is about 80% of that of the males. In a vast majority of domestic swine populations (breeds, populations of breeding groups), this value varies from 70 to 91% (the central value of the range of variation of 81%). However, there are three genealogically continuous groups of domestic pigs (Vietnamese Masked breed MY, minisibs and Svetlogorsk mini-pigs) that make exceptions. Their specific feature is the reverse sexual dimorphism in weight – mature females are heavier than males. This phenomenon, not typical of the species Sus scrofa, was the reason for the present study. Although this research is preliminary, some assumptions can be made. Firstly, the ratio of the weight of mature females to the weight of mature males is obviously characteristic of the species, deviations from which repressed stabilizing selection. Second, in domestic pigs, normal and reverse sexual dimorphism in weight may be different in nature: in the former case, it is a great length of the period of intensive growth in males, in the latter, a large growth rate of females during the first year of life. The third characteristic of domestic pigs in Southeast Asia, early puberty, may be due to a consistent use of young and therefore small-sized males for reproduction purposes; however, the small size due to their youth, cannot be a target of artificial selection – nor can they be the cause of reverse sexual dimorphism in weight. Finally, reverse sexual dimorphism may be due to a tendency towards early obesity in females, which might be to a single mutation as its genetic cause.

The anatomy deals with learning about the shape and structure of the human body, and at the same time it is the basis for all sciences whose scope of interest relates to the human body. Anthropometric studies are aimed at translating the size and shapes of the human body into specific numbers and quantitative ratios, thus they constitute a set of measurement techniques and methods, through which it is possible to closely examine the diversity of human measurable features as well as variability in individual and evolutionary development. The scope of measurements in anthropometry applies mainly to sections, circumferences, angles between planes or body lines. The aim of the work is to present selected anatomical features of the human skeleton in the aspect of sexual dimorphism and individual human variability

AIM. To study the association of M235T (rs699) and T174M (rs4762) polymorphisms of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene with the risk of cerebral stroke (CS) in the Russians of the Central Chernozem Region. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 638 DNA samples obtained from 353 patients with CS and 285 sex- and age-matched healthy individuals were examined. The polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (T174M) and TaqMan allelic discrimination (M235T) assays. RESULTS. Heterozygous AGT 174TM genotype carriers were found to be at a higher risk for CS (odd ratio (OR)=1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-2.15; p=0.02). A gender-stratified analysis showed that the mutant 174M allele (OR=1.86; 95% CI, 1.14-3.03, p=0.01) and variant 174TM and 174MM genotypes (OR=1.86; 95% CI, 1.09-3.20; p=0.02) were associated with the higher risk of cerebral stroke in women. Conclusion. The association of AGT T174M polymorphism with the risk of CS was first found; but the higher risk of the disease in the carriers of variant alleles and genotypes was observed in the women only.

New faunistic data for 19 species of Neuroptera and 3 species of Raphidioptera from Mordovia (Russia) are reported. Seven species of Neuroptera and two species of Raphidioptera are new for this region. Distinct sexual dimorphism in Chrysopa perla (Linnaeus, 1758) is mentioned: the abdominal tergites of all 23 examined females are dark (brown to black) dorsally, varying strongly among specimens in degree of development, whereas the tergites (except the first) of all 47 examined males lack dark coloration and are nearly the same green as other green parts of the body.

Purpose: To study the features of the blood coagulation system of women at various stages of normal pregnancy, depending on the sex of the fetus.Material and Methods: Retrospective evaluation of blood coagulation in 259 women with physiological pregnancy in I, II and III trimester with no abnormalities of the blood was conducted. Of these, 116 women had female fetuses (I group), 143 - male fetuses (II group).Methods: The clinical, clinical laboratory, biochemical. Results: We found that with increasing gestational age the increased activity of coagulative hemostasis was noted in both clinical groups, but the rate of these changes was higher and reached a maximum in II trimester in women with a male fetus, whereas in women with female fetus pace of these changes was less pronounced.Summary: These results indicate the existence of differences in the «functional behavior» of individual components of the system of hemostasis in various stages of physiological pregnancy. In women with male fetuses we revealed higher coagulation readiness in physiological pregnancy, indicating the tension of coagulation system in this variant of sexual dimorphism.

The dice snake Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) is one of the common snake species in the Southern Palaearctic and North Africa. In the Central and Southern Dnieper River basin the dice snake is one of the most numerous and characteristic species. Relative isolation and the varying influence of environmental factors are known to be a motive force behind epigenetic divergence between populations. In populations of N. tessellata this divergence can be manifest in the form of morphometric and phenetic peculiarities. Research into these parameters of dice snake populations in terms of anthropogenic influence on habitats along a latitude gradient is essential. In the Central and Southern parts of the Dnieper River basin such studies are of great importance for the monitoring of populations and for further indicative purposes. The aim of our study is to characterize the morphometric features of N. tessellata in this area and to determine the variability of these parameters in the snake populations under varying intensities of anthropogenic influence. The snakes were collected in 2013–2016 from the territory adjacent to the Prydniprovska Thermal Power Plant, from the Maiorova gully (Maiorka village, Dnipropetrovsk region) and the National Nature Park “Velykyi Lug” (Zaporizhia region). The following morphometric parameters were recorded: snout-vent length (SVL), tail length (TL), the number of ventral scales (V), and the number of subcaudal scales (SBC), the number of scale rows at mid-body (MBS), the number of supralabial scales (SLS), the number of temporal scales (TS), and the number of postocular scales (POS). All the tested parameters generally correspond to the limits known for this species from the literature. Nevertheless , some geographic peculiarities in variability of the tail length and number of subcaudal scales were identified. According to data from the literature, the southern populations of the dice snake are distinguished by an increase in the number of subcaudal scales . The studied dice snake populations were characterized by some sexual dimorphism in the snout-vent length, tail length and the number of subcaudal scales. A higher percentage of bilateral asymmetry in snakes from the population close to the Prydniprovska TPP was found. Such changes are usually considered to be an indicator of a certain destabilization of the embryogenesis.

Objective: to comparatively assess risk factors for gout in male and female patients with this condition. Subjects and methods. The study enrolled 340 gouty patients (289 men and 51 women) examined in the period 2002 to 2009. The diagno sis corresponded to the criteria developed by S.L. Wallace. The mean age was 52.3±11.4 years for the women and 52.3±10.4 years for the men. The study group included female patients with gout and a comparison group comprised male patients with this condition. All the patients were interviewed using a questionnaire to identify risk factors for gout: the regular use of diuretics or alcoholic beverages before the onset of this disease, the presence of arterial hypertension (AH), and menopause in women. Results. The intake of diuretics before gout was reported by 57% of the women and 19.7% of the men (p < 0.00001). The drugs were given to all the men according to medical indications; 10 of 29 women took diuretics to lose weight. Alcohol was consumed more than twice week ly by 17.6% of the women and 33.6% of the men (p = 0.032). The median weekly alcohol consumption was 2 (range 1-4) conventional units (CU) in the women and 4 (range 2-10) CU in the men (p = 0.002). AH occurring the onset of gout was found in 30 (59%) women and 136 (47%) men (p = 0.13). Menopause developing prior to the onset of gout was noted in 26 (51%) women. Conclusion. Among possible causes of gout, the use of diuretics is more common in the women than in the men, moreover, the former take them unfairly in one third of cases. The women consume alcohol less frequently and in smaller quantities, but the rate of female intake of alcoholic beverages is associated with younger age at the onset of gout. In early menopause or amenorrhea, gout more frequently occurs at a young age. AH is a common risk factor for gout in both the women (59%) and the men (47%).

The purpose of present research is study of polymorphism of somatometric indices of Kursk region born inhabitants in cross investigation. It was studied the somatometric indices of 215 Kursk region born inhabitants. As the result we have the data of average values of height, weight, index of body mass, circumferences of waist, arm and thigh, ratio of circumference of waist to thigh circumference, width of arm and pelvis, length of leg. In result of carrying out investigation in was determined that somatometric indices of Kursk region born inhabitants have graphic sexual dimorphism and don't distinguish from analogous average indices of Russia.

The article gives an analysis of the cultural foundations of personality in sport, which hardens person both physically and spiritually; it is argued that in the context of philosophicalanthropological analysis of sport acts as the process of assigning powers of man; it is proved that anthropological examination of the world of sport is the completion of the process of objectification, that is, acts as a kind of reflection of the person, acts as the process of assigning immanent force of man; it is proved that anthropological examination of the world of sport is the completion of the process of objectification, that is, acts as a kind of reflection of the person aimed at the formation of the integrity ; clarified the issues of sexual dimorphism that is the basis of sociocultural (gender) differences in male and female sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study is to determine sexual dimorphism of morphometric features of adult arytenoid cartilages (AC) as applied to forensic medical examination of personality identification. The SC of 254 males and 106 females who died of mechanical strangulation asphyxia between the ages of 19 and 91 years were studied using the set of 14 parameters. All the parameters have a normal distribution according to Pearson's χ2 test. Their means were significantly higher in men than in women. Sex differences in the coefficients of variation of the parameters are insignificant. All AC parameters correlate closely with sex ( r =0.775-0.830), but there is almost no correlation with age and body length. The same dimensions of the right and left AC have a high correlation ( r =0.8-0.9) and are subject to separate analysis. The morphometric parameters of AC are highly informative and present a valuable option for a forensic determination of the sex of an adult human.

The purpose of the study was to reveal gender-related dimorphism of changes in adhesive properties of the vascular wall in the dynamics of surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP). A total of 51 persons aged 24 to 39 years were examined, of which 20 were clinically healthy volunteers (10 men and 10 women) and 31 were patients with CP of moderate severity (14 men and 17 women). It has been shown that endothelial dysfunction is more pronounced in men than in women with CP. Surgical treatment of CP is accompanied by a reactive increase in the concentration of soluble forms of adhesive endothelial molecules in early postoperative period more pronounced in women. In the long-term period surgical treatment causes a decrease in the impairment of the endothelial adhesive properties in men to a lesser extent than in women.

The objective of the present work was to study the specific morphological features in the structure of the human thyroid cartilage obtained from 35 men and 35 women. The analysis and evaluation of 31 characteristics of the thyroid cartilage have demonstrated that its size in the men was bigger than in the women with the exception of the angle between the plates that was of a larger size in the women than in the men and showed the closest correlation with the sex. The majority of other characteristics of the thyroid cartilage measured in the study either strongly or moderately correlated with the sex which makes it possible to use these measurements for the purpose of personality identification during forensic medical expertise.