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Microalgae are a source of various biologically active substances, including carotenoids. One of the carotenoids of diatom microalgae is fucoxanthin, which has antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumour and anti-inflammatory properties that can be used in the treatment of a wide range of human and animal pathologies. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of alcohol and oil extract of fucoxanthin on biochemical parameters and levels of serum cytokines in mice during intragastric administration. Material and methods. Fucoxanthin extracts from the microalga Nanofrustulum shiloi were used. Mice of Balb/c strain were intragastrically administrated with 0.5 ml of oil (500 μg/ml) or alcoholic extract of fucoxanthin (187.5 μg/ml), mice in the comparison group were given 0.5 ml of olive oil or 45% ethyl alcohol once a day within 5 days. On the 8th day, blood serum was obtained and the level of albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, low (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL), urea, uric acid, creatinine, aspartate (AST) and alanine aminotransferases (ALT), lactate, stable nitric oxide (NO) metabolites (nitrites), cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ) was determined using ELISA with photometric detection. Results and discussion. In the comparison group, ethyl alcohol promoted an increase in serum triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, ALT, AST, nitrite, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α content compared to intact animals. Fucoxanthin alcoholic extract administration increased the level of LDL, HDL, uric acid, TNF-α and decreased albumin, cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine, ALT, AST, IL-6 content compared to control. The olive oil group showed a decrease in serum triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, uric acid, ALT and AST content but an increase in LDL, HDL, nitrite level compared to the control. Administration of fucoxanthin oil extract to animals decreased albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, uric acid, ALT, AST, lactate, IL-6, IL-10 compared to control. Conclusions. Thus, it was discovered that fucoxanthin in Balb/c mice contributes to a decrease in hepatic synthetic function, as evidenced by the change in the concentration of albumin, triglycerides, uric acid), influences energy metabolism (creatinine, lactate), cell membrane stability (cholesterol, LDL, HDL), serum transaminase activity, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines content.

Anthrax is a highly dangerous disease of animals and humans caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Currently, the disease is widespread in many countries of the world. Many regions of the Russian Federation are anthrax-endemic. A large number of anthrax treatment, diagnosis and prevention tools are developed using hyperimmune serum. Currently known commercial hyperimmune sera areproduced by 2-month long immunization of horses, which is a long and expensive process. This suggests the need to develop faster and cheaper ways to produce anti-anthrax hyperimmune sera; such possible ways became the objective of this study. A live culture of Bacillus anthracis 55-VNIIVViM vaccine strain, used to produce live vaccines against animal anthrax, was used in the experiments. Rabbits were used as animal models. Based on the findings the method of rabbit immunization was selected. The optimal method included intravenous injection of the antigen in increasing amounts according to the following scheme: injection I – 0.5 cm3 ; injection II – 1 cm3 ; injection III – 2 cm3 at a dose of 100 million mc/animal in 1 cm3 , with 4-day interval between injections. This scheme made it possible to produce the serum with a high antibody titer equal to 14 log2 . For long-term storage of the serum produced, the freeze-drying modes were optimized, giving 2% residual moisture content of the finished product. The analysis of the freeze-dried serum storage terms showed that the initial activity and physico-chemical properties of the product are maintained for 30 months.

In order to obtain valid results when studying the bioavailability of medicinal products containing magnesium salts, it is necessary to take into account endogenous levels of the macroelement in the body. The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the results of clinical studies on the bioavailability of medicinal products containing magnesium, to evaluate the methods used for determining the endogenous level of magnesium, and to establish the necessity for adjusting pharmacokinetic parameters according to the identified endogenous magnesium levels. The review includes data from clinical studies of magnesium bioavailability performed with healthy volunteers and published over the past 5 years. According to the literature review results, the most commonly chosen primary endpoint is urinary magnesium excretion analysis, and the most secondary endpoint is plasma or serum magnesium determination. Data sources for the review included Google’s search engine; PubMed, UpTodate®, ClinicalTrials.gov databases; and official websites of regulatory authorities (EFSA, EMA, and FDA). In most studies, endogenous magnesium levels were taken into account at all blood sampling points, and this provided an opportunity to avoid errors and misinterpretations of the results. Adjustments of pharmacokinetic parameters with regard to endogenous magnesium values were performed differently. Some studies treated endogenous magnesium values as independent variables and compared the values obtained after drug administration with them; other studies treated endogenous magnesium values as a covariate influencing the values obtained and requiring mandatory consideration; two studies involved a classical adjustment of pharmacokinetic parameters, the subtraction of endogenous values from the values obtained after drug administration. The evaluation of endogenous magnesium levels as part of bioavailability studies is necessary to adjust pharmacokinetic parameters and to obtain valid study results. It should be planned beforehand at the time of preparation of the study protocol.

Background: High incidence of gastric cancer (GC), its aggressive clinical course, rapid tumor dissemination, low sensitivity to chemotherapy and lack of reliable laboratory diagnostic criteria urgently require a search for the most informative markers associated with key biologic properties of the tumors. Aim: Comparative analysis of galectin-3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 levels in peripheral blood of GC patients and healthy donors, assessment of association of these markers with clinical morphological characteristics of the disease, and prognosis of overall and relapse-free survival. Materials and methods: Sixty (60) primary treatment-nave GC patients (38 men, 22 women) aged 29 to 81 years and 90 healthy donors compatible with their age and sex were included into the study. Galectin-3 was measured in EDTA plasma, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in serum with standard direct enzyme immunoassay kits "Human MMP-2 (total)", "Human MMP-9 (total)", "Human Galectin-3" (RD Systems, USA). Results: Plasma galectin-3 concentration in the GC patients was significantly higher than in the healthy controls (median 12.9 and 10.6 ng/ml, respectively; p 0.0001). No difference in serum MMP-9 levels between GC patients and control subjects were found, while MMP-2 level in the control group was significantly higher, than in the GC patients (p = 0.039). No association between galectin-3, MMP-2, and MMP-9 blood levels in the GC patients could be identified. In contrast to GC patients, there was a positive correlation of plasma galectin-3 with age in the control group (rs = 0.51, p 0.005). No associations between the biomarkers levels in blood and clinical and morphological characteristics of GC were established, except MMP-9 being higher at Т4а invasion depth as compared to the earlier Т2 level. Marked differences in the overall survival depending on plasma galectin-3 levels were found, with the cut-off level of 12.9 ng/ml: the 5-year overall survival in the patients with low galectin-3 was better, than in those with its higher level (50 and 43%, respectively; however, the difference was non-significant, р 0.1). Both overall and relapse-free survival of the GC patients was higher in those with low ( 212 ng/ml) serum MMP-2: the 5-year overall survival in this group comprised 60% versus 23% in the patients with higher MMP-2 (p = 0.018). The difference in relapse-free survival was non-significant. Serum MMP-9 levels had no significant impact on the survival of GC patients. Conclusion: The ambiguous data on the clinical role of galectin-3, MMP-2, MMP-9 in GC obtained in this study indicate the necessity of further investigation of their possible utility for the diagnostics and prognosis of treatment results.

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Ecology is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. According to the literature, oxidative stress is described as one of the main factors in the pathogenesis of chronic suppurative otitis media, supporting the inflammatory process at the local level. The transition of inflammatory mediators to the systemic level is associated with the risk of developing ear purulent-destructive complications. The study of the products of lipid peroxidation in comparison with morphological changes in the structures of the temporal bone will justify the tactics of the operation.Aim. Comparison of the levels of lipid peroxidation products at the local and systemic levels in chronic suppurative otitis media, depending on the nature of pathomorphological changes in the structures of the temporal bone.Materials and methods. A prospective study of 130 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media at the age of 20-62 years with a verified diagnosis of chronic suppurative otitis media, admitted for surgical treatment, was carried out. To study the indicators of oxidative stress at the systemic level, the blood serum of patients was used; at the local level, the bone biomaterial obtained from patients during the surgical treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media was used. The quantitative determination of the primary, secondary and final products of peroxidation was carried out in the groups of patients with separate registration of lipoperoxides in the heptane and isopropanol phases of the lipid extract by spectrophotometry.Results and discussion. In the observation of patients with morphological signs of purulent destruction of the temporal bone, not only a local level of inflammation activity, but also a systemic level of an unfavorable outcome was revealed in two variants: osteoproliferation or osteonecrosis of the bone tissue of the temporal bone in chronic purulent otitis media with a constant threat to the patient's life due to intracranial purulent complications.Conclusion. The appearance in low concentrations of lipid peroxidation products in serum in patients with chronic purulent otitis media substantiates the need for a behind-the-ear approach in reconstructive-sanitizing otosurgery even with minimal clinical manifestations and CT scan data, since at the preclinical level it confirms the osteonecrotic type of bone remodeling with the risk of delayed death.

One of the measures used to control and prevent African swine fever spread in the Russian Federation involves testing pig and boar sera using inter alia serological tools based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-viral antibody detection. However, there is no unified regulatory document specifying storage conditions for sera used in the ELISA for anti-ASFV antibody detection. There are also lack of published data on the maximum admissible shelf life of the pig sera, and the effect of storage conditions on the serological status of the pig sera as for ASF is understudied. The paper demonstrates results of the experiment aimed at the determination of the effect of storage temperatures and shelf life on the serological status of ASFV seropositive and seronegative pig sera when tested by INgezim PPA Compac (Ingenasa, Spain) ELISA as well as on the possibility of false results. During the experiment and analysis of its results, the new data were obtained, and they indicated from none to non-significant effect of the simulated storage conditions on the serological status of sera used for ASFV detection, while hemolyzed sera demonstrated more significant changes proportional to hemolysis degree and storage duration. Although the results of detection of antibodies against the agents of some diseases cannot be used in case of other pathogens, this study has a substantial applied significance as it allows to specify the dependence of the valid results of ASF serodiagnosis on the storage conditions of the samples.

Background: Evaluation and search for new molecular markers of renal cell cancer, first of all, associated with angiogenic and invasive activity, continue to be highly relevant. In our previous publications, we have assessed the potential diagnostic value of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2, 7, 8, and 9, their tissue inhibitor type 1 (TIMP1) and components of the VEGF signaling system in renal cell cancer. Aim: To assess the role of serum VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, MMP2, 7, 8, 9, and TIMP1 levels in renal cell patients as diagnostic and prognostic markers of overall survival. Materials and methods: 99 renal cell cancer patients (94 primary and 5 at progression) were recruited into the study. The control group included 97 healthy control blood donors. Ninety three (93) primary patients with renal cell cancer were followed for 1 to 45 (median, 26) months for assessment of their overall survival. Serum concentrations of the study proteins were measured by direct immunoenzyme analysis (Quantikine® ELISA kits, R&D Systems, США). Results: Serum VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, MMP7, MMP8, and TIMP1 levels in renal cell cancer patients are significantly higher than those in the control group. The diagnostic characteristics of the markers are considerably different, the most reliable marker with 84% sensitivity at 87.5% specificity being MMP7. VEGFR1, MMP7, MMP8, and TIMP1 were positively associated with disease stage and TNM indices. MMP7 and TIMP1 levels also increased with a higher tumor grade. MMP7 was found to be a significant unfavorable prognostic factor for overall survival: the 3-years survival in those with low (< 6.3 ng/ml) marker level amounted to 93%, whereas with high, 51% (p < 0.001). MMP7 prognostic value remained significant also in stage I renal cancer: after 3-years' follow-up, all patients with low MMP7 were alive, while survival of those with high marker levels was 72% (p=0.02). Increased serum MMP8 level (> 51 ng/ml) also had an unfavorable prognostic value in the whole renal cell cancer patient group, with 3-years' survival being 78 and 58% for low and high levels, respectively (p < 0.01). The components of VEGF signaling system, MMP2, MMP9, and TIMP1 had no significant prognostic values. Conclusion: MMP7 should be viewed as the most promising diagnostic and prognostic renal cell cancer marker. VEGF and its soluble receptors could be useful for monitoring of patients receiving anti-angiogenic treatments and prediction of their sensitivity to these agents.

BACKGROUND: Synchronously optimized concentrations of vitamins C, E, A, carotenoids and their ratios in blood plasma help to prevent or slow down the development of many alimentary-dependent diseases and their complications. AIMS: to characterize the vitamin status of obese patients from the standpoint of the risk of progression of existing and development of associated diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational single-site cross-sectional study of the sufficiency with antioxidant vitamins in 81 patients (21 men, 60 women) aged 20–75 years with body mass index 40,7±1,2 kg/m2, enrolled for treatment from April to June in Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology had been conducted. The concentration of α- and γ-tocopherols, retinol, ascorbic acid, β-carotene was determined in blood serum and their ratios with lipid profile were calculated. RESULTS: Indicators of vitamin status were determined in 35 patients with obesity, 27 patients with obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 19 patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The concentration of ascorbic acid in more than 50% of patients did not reach the optimal level (50 µmol/l). Compared to patients of other groups, patients with T2DM were better supplied with vitamin E, but worse with other vitamins. They have a non-optimal ratio of concentrations of vitamin C and E more often compared with patients of other groups (p≤0.050). Among them, the combined suboptimal level of vitamin C and β-carotene (

The aim was to study the effect of rabbit immunization with different yeasts cells on overall antimicrobial serum activity and specific activity of antimicrobial peptides fraction.Material and methods. Rabbits were immunized with cells of Candida albicans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Malassezia furfur, Cryptococcus neoformans, Geotrichum candidum, Trichosporon cutaneum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AMP fractions were obtained by filtration through 100 kDa filters. Overall activities of sera and their AMP-fractions were estimated spectrophotometrically.Results. Overall serum antimicrobial activity had tendency to decrease after immunization independently from yeast species. Activity of AMP-fractions after immunization with C. albicans, Cr. neoformans, G. candi dum и S. ce revisiae increased, but with other yeasts — decreased. The highest sensitivity to AMP fraction cor res ponded to C. albicans, especially for serum of the rabbit immunized with this yeasts — 1,5-fold higher com pare to control. Serum albumin concentration showed the positive correlation with overall antimicrobial activity against C. albicans (r = 0,760), R. mucilaginosa (r = 0,728), M. furfur (r = 0,723) и T. cutaneum (r = 0,588).Discussion. The results confirm our earlier data. Moreover, they expand current views on the effect of yeasts antigens on activity of serum AMP against different yeasts.Conclusion. Serum albumin and serum AMP demonstrated the specificity toward different yeasts: maximal activity they showed towards specia which more often play opportunistic role.

For the correct, complete and accurate diagnosis of animal diseases requires knowledge of the physiological indicators of the state of their body, which are debatable. Considering that blood is a diagnostic test of diseases of different genesis, it was relevant to study these and other blood parameters in cats using the principles and methods of animal examination. Laboratory tests of blood of clinically healthy cats revealed that the number of red blood cells ranged from 6.9 to 9.5 T/l. Such a relatively large number of erythrocytes in cats is apparently due to their small size of 4–6 microns in diameter, which was confirmed by microcytosis, which can be considered physiological for this species of animal. The values of hemoglobin content in cats was on average 156.9 ± 13.8 g/l. The number of leukocytes in the blood of experimental cats averaged 13.6 ± 2.9 G/l, within 9.6 – 15.8 G/l. The functional state of the liver in cats was characterized by a total serum protein content of 71.2 ± 4.37 g/l. The value of albumin, which is a factor in ensuring the transport of bilirubin, hormones, metals, vitamins, lipid metabolism, etc., which was 43.6 ± 2.68 %, was supplemented by the stability of this system. A feature of the structure and functioning of the hepatobiliary system in healthy cats is the fact that serum bilirubin is in the range of 0.7–4.9 μmol/l. The activity of GGTP, an enzyme located on the surface of the bile duct cells, must be determined to determine the origin of hyperbilirubinemia and localization of the pathological process in the liver. It should be noted that the level of physiological limits of activity of this enzyme in healthy cats is 1,58 ± 0,042 U/l. The ALT and AST enzymes involved in the exchange of amino acids in the serum of cats are represented by the average values of ALT activity – 16.8 ± 0.84 U/l and AST 19.8 ± 1.16 U/l, respectively. Determination of blood glucose in cats is the main test that reflects the carbohydrate metabolism, which in the animals of the experimental group was 4.03 ± 0.85 mmol/l, ranging from 3.3 to 4.9 mmol/l. The state of the pancreas is characterized by activity in the serum of the enzyme α-amylase, the value of which in cats was in the range of ‎500–1950 U/l. The functional state of the kidneys should be characterized by the serum content of cats of creatinine and urea, which in healthy cats averages of creatinine 121.8 ± 13.6 μmol/l and urea 8.2 ± 1.3 mmol/l, respectively.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite advances in medicine, OA still remains incurable. Scientists are still seeking candidates for biomarker-based risk stratification and the early detection of disease. Measurement of miRNAs in the serum may become a powerful tool in the development of diagnostic biomarker. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the expression profiles of 20 miRNAs in the serum of patients with OA.Methods: We used RT-qPCR method to measure the expression profile of selected miRNAs.Results: Six miRNAs showed differential expression between OA and normal serum samples. miR-146a-5p and miR-98-5p were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05), while miR-222-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-27a-3p and miR-93-5p were downregulated (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that shows that expression of these six miRNAs is different between serum OA samples and healthy controls. However, we did not find any statistically significant relationship between the miRNAs expression and clinical characteristics.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers for OA, but further research is needed to assess the usefulness of serum miRNAs in miRNA-based prognostic and therapeutic approaches.

The purpose of the research: study of Ivermectin pharmacokinetics in horses organism after the application of Equiverm antiparasitic paste. Materials and methods. For studying of pharmacokinetics of Equiverm in blood plasma of five manorial breed horses at the age of 6-7 years, with the weight about 400-450 kg antiparasitic paste was injected orally by syringe dispenser in an amount of 0.2 mg/kg body weight, and then blood sampling from jugular vein was performed in 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 ,9, 24, 48, 96, 144, 288, 456, 624, 720 hours for the following determination of the concentration of Ivermectin in blood plasma of horses by high pressure liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detection using P.K. Sanyal method (1994). Validated method of determination Ivermectin in blood serum of was developed. It allows determining this analyte in extremely low concentrations (LOD value is 0.03 ng/mL, LOQ value is 0.09 ng/mL). Results and discussion. Ivermectin is absorbed in horses digestive tract after oral administration and it reaches defined blood serum concentrations in 1-2 hours after oral administration of antiparasitic paste - 0.2 ng/mL. Maximum concentration of 0.84 ng/mL was registered in 7 hours, and Ivermectin level decreased gradually to 0.2 ng/mL by the fourth day. Therefore, upon oral administration of Equiverm antiparasitic paste ivermectin was absorbed well enough and it enters the systemic circulation where it circulates during 4 days. Only trace amounts of Ivermectin are determined two weeks after drug administration.

Aim. Estimation of activity of native human serum and its antimicrobial peptides fraction against clinically important yeasts and comparison with the activity of some mammals sera. Materials and methods. Pooled samples of human, bovine, rabbit and mouse sera and collection strains of yeasts Candida albicans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Malassezia furfur, Cryptococcus neoformans, Geotrichum candidum, Trichosporon cutaneum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used in the study. Antimicrobial peptides fractions (AMP) were obtained by filtration through molecular filters with 100 kDa pores. Activity of sera and their AMP-fractions were estimated by spectrophotometric method. Results. Activity of native mammal sera varied in diapason 73÷89% independently from yeast genus, although AMP-fractions activity varied more significantly. The minimal sensitivity to AMP-fractions of sera demonstrated M. furfur (activity values were equal 0÷13,5%) and G. candidum (0÷6,5%), but the maximal — R. mucilaginosa (12,3÷56,4%), C. albicans (22,0÷32,9%), and C. neoformans (17,1÷29,9%). Activity values of AMP-fractions of human serum were correlated meaningfully with no of the values of other mammals (Pirson coefficient r=0,459÷0,527). Considerable correlation of the indexes took place between rabbit and bovine sera (r=0,827), as well as between rabbit and mouse sera (r = 0,753). Conclusion. The differences between AMP-fractions activity towards studied yeast genera/specia indicate the occurrence of its specificity probably related with structural organization of cytoplasmic membrane of yeast cells as well as with variations in AMP composition in different mammals.

The paper presents detection method for one of the most common diseases. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders in which blood sugar level rises over a long period. Type II diabetes begins with insulin resistance, a condition when cells do not respond properly to insulin. Type II diabetes accounts for about 90 % of all diagnosed diabetes cases. Therefore, the development of new methods for diagnosing is relevant. We applied the method of IR-spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis for blood serum analysis. The research is based on serum samples from 44 patients with diabetes and an observational group of 30 healthy donors. Cluster analysis, projection on latent structures, principal component analysis is used to differentiate groups of healthy donors and patients with diabetes. Each of the three presented methods gives the best results when the first derivative of the spectra is considered in the whole range of the spectrum. Cluster analysis, according to the procedure performed, gives the sensitivity of 100% and the specificity of 95.8 % for the considered sample. Principal Component Analysis provides a visual separation of the sample into groups of healthy donors and patients with diabetes mellitus. When analyzing this sample, using the procedure, the sensitivity was 100 % and the specificity of the analysis was 96.6 %.

Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological diseases that manifest themselves in the body’s susceptibility to the sudden onset of convulsive seizures. The pathogenesis of this disease is based on paroxysmal discharges in the brain neurons. Epilepsy is characterized by a difference in the level of peripheral blood autoantibodies (aAT) to the level of the glutamate receptor GluR1, which is a subunit of AMPA receptors (GluR1) and an increased level of IgG and IgM immunoglobulins between the group of patients with epilepsy and the group of healthy ones. We analyzed the serum of 30 healthy donors and 70 patients with epilepsy. The method of IR-spectroscopy in combination with multivariate analysis is proposed as a diagnostic method. In the course of the work, the following types of multivariate analysis were used to assess the correct probability of diagnosis: the principal component method (PCA) and the projection onto latent structures (PLS) method. Each of the presented methods gives the best results when using the first derivative of the spectra in the whole spectrum range. When analyzing this sample by regression procedures, the sensitivity was 100 % and the specificity of analysis was 76.9%.

Aim. To assess the significance of the serum uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall protein - THP) concentration (Sumo) as an early biomarker of tubular atrophy (TA) and interstitial renal fibrosis (IF) in patients with glomerulopathies. Materials and methods. 84 patients with glomerulopathy and 11 practically healthy persons (control) were examined. Uromodulin concentrations in serum and urine (Uumo) were measured, renal excretion of this protein and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were established. A semi-quantitative assessment of nephrobioptates was performed. Results and discussion. Sumo decreases with a minimum expression of tubular atrophy (TA) or interstitial fibrosis (IF), when the values of eGFR still remain normal. Variations of such excretory parameters of THP as Uumo, daily excretion, and ratio: urinary uromodulin / urinary creatinine, did not manifest a similar trend. Conclusion. Sumo is promising as an early biomarker of fibrotic and atrophic renal damage. The parameters of renal excretion of THP do not seem to have this property. The reason for the delay in the decline of Uumo in the progression of CKD as compared to the decrease in Sumo seems to be the need to maintain a sufficient Uumo to counteract urinary tract infection and stone formation.

Objective: find correlation between results of operative treatment elderly and senile patients with proximal femur fracture of cytokines. Methods: were studied 74 senile and elderly patients with proximal femur fracture after cemented bipolar hemi arthroplasty with spoke or wire augmentation. After 12 months of operation patients were divided in two groups depending on results evaluated by Harris hip score. First group (37 patients) -- Harris hip score more than median, II (37) -- Harris hip score lower median. Control group include 37 patients represented by sex, age, and somatic status. In serum blood were studied RANKL, OPG, TGF-ß1, IL-6. Results: RANKL level were the same in all groups. Concentration of OPG was lower in second group than in control and was comparable in first group with control. Index OPG/RANKL was severe lower in both group: I -- in 2.6 times, II -- in 3.0. Quantity of TGF-ß1 and IL-6 were hire in both group compare to control, and were much higher in the first group then in second. We found direct correlations between OPG and R ANKL (r = 0.88; p = 0.000), TGF-ß1 a nd O PG/RANKL (r = 0 .66; p = 0 .000), O PG a nd OPG/RANKL (r = 0 .44; p = 0 .006), I L-6 a nd O PG/RANKL (r = 0.39; p = 0.016). In second group we found direct correlations between OPG and OPG/RANKL (r = 0.72; p = 0.000) and opposite between RANKL level and OPG/RANKL (r = -0.53; p = 0.0007). Conclusions: good clinical results of PFF corelated with high level of TGF-ß1 and OPG, associated with TGF-ß1 and OPG/RANKL, IL-6 and RANKL, OPG and RANKL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Problems of Radiation Medicine & Radiobiology is the property of Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The simple method for isolation and purification of ectosomes NADPH oxidase(ecto-Nox) from cytoplasm of blood erythrocytes of patients of type 1diabetes (experimental group - EG) and donor (control group - CG), as well as NADPH containing native lipoprotein (NCL) from blood serum was elaborated for the first time. Тhe specific content of NCL in the blood serum of CG is 2,45±0,03 mg/ml (p<0,05), and in EG - 3,50±0,02 (p<0,05) mg/ml.At insulin-depended diabete the specific NADPH-depending О-2 -producing activity of ecto-Nox in EG lower than that in CG. However, the specific ferriHb-reducing activity of ecto-Nox in EG lower than that in CG. Тhe forms of its optical absorption spectra in EG and CG practically did not differ. Thus, the NCL is а cofactor for Noxin the process of generation of superoxide radicals. Besides, the content and ferriHb reducing activity of ecto-Noxin EG is lower than that in CG. These changes can initiate some oxygen starvation in the diabetes 1 type patients. The results of this investigation can be used as new diagnostic tests for diabetes type 1 disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite comparatively favorable clinical course and satisfactory prognosis of endometrial cancer, the increase of its incidence observed in the last years both in this country and abroad requires the development of new approaches to early diagnostics, prognostic assessment and the choice of personalized postoperative management. Therefore, exploration of biological markers for fundamental tumor characteristics, such as invasion, metastasizing, proliferative activity, sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous regulators, are still on the agenda. The family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrading the majority of extracellular matrix components and involved in all stages of tumor progression comprise a rich source of such markers.Aim: Comparative evaluation of MMP-2, 7, 9 and their type 1 and 2 tissue inhibitors (TIMP) levels in the serum of patients with endometrial cancer and benign endometrial disease and in healthy women, and the analysis of its associations with the main clinical and pathologic characteristics of cancer for evaluation of their potential diagnostic and prognostic value.Materials and methods: Ninety four patients with endometrial cancer and 53 women with benign endometrial lesions (28 with polyps, 25 with various degree of hyperplasia) were enrolled into the study. The age of cancer patients was 36 to 78 (median 60) years, of those with benign lesions, 20 to 79 (median 54) years. The control group involved 77 practically healthy women aged 19 to 75 (median 46) years. The concentrations of the markers studied were measured by direct enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) kits (Quantikine, R&D Systems, USA).Results: A significant increase of MMP-7 and TIMP-2 levels was demonstrated both in cancer patients (median values 5.5 and 96.9 ng/ml, respectively) and in those with benign endometrial lesions (median values 5.7 and 73.2 ng/ml, respectively) as compared to the control (median values 2.1 and 60.7 ng/ml, respectively). The ROC curve allowed to establish a cutoff level for MMP-7 (3.5 ng/ml) with good sensitivity/specificity ratio for endometrial cancer (88% and 87% respectively); however, it did not allow for differentiating between benign and malignant endometrial lesions. On the contrary, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were 1.2-1.3-fold decreased in patients with cancer and benign endometrial diseases as compared to the control; MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels in cancer patients were also lower than in those with endometrial polyps and hyperplasia. There were no significant associations between the levels of the markers studied and the indices of progression, histological type and grade of endometrial cancer. Also, no differences between the marker levels in serum of patients with polyps or various endometrial hyperplasias were identified.Conclusion: MMPs and TIMPs assessed in this study cannot be considered as potential diagnostic markers of endometrial cancer; however, they might be useful for disease monitoring, prognosis assessment and evaluation of sensitivity to targeted therapy.

Background: The cause of late diagnosis of renal cancer lies in its durable, almost asymptomatic course. Due to the use of antiangiogenic therapies much progress has been made in its treatment in recent years. Yet, many questions concerning the diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of the efficiency of targeted therapy remain unsolved. Therefore, exploration of new renal cancer molecular markers, especially those related to its angiogenic and invasive activities, are still on the agenda. Such markers include the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade the majority of extracellular matrix components and are involved at all stages of tumor progression. Aim: Comparative evaluation of MMP2, 7, 8, 9 and type 1 tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1) levels in serum of healthy individuals and patients with renal cancer or benign renal tumors, analysis of their associations with the main clinical and pathologic characteristics of the disease. Materials and methods: We examined 99 renal cancer patients (of those 94 with primary tumor and 5 at progression) and 10 patients with benign renal tumors. The control group included 97 healthy individuals. Levels of the proteins studied were measured using respective direct ELISA kits (Quantikine®, R&D Systems, USA). Results: MMP-7, MMP-8 and TIMP-1 levels in the sera of renal cancer patients were significantly higher than in the control group and in benign renal tumor patients. MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels did not differ significantly between the study and control groups. At MMP-7 cut-off level of 3.0 ng/mL, its diagnostic sensitivity for primary renal cancer was 84%, specificity in relation to “healthy” control – 87.5%, in relation to the pathologic control (healthy donors+benign renal tumor patients) – 73%. The best sensitivity: specificity ratio for TIMP-1 was 67 and 65% at the cut-off level of 315 ng/ml. No cut-off value with acceptable sensitivity: specificity ratio was found for MMP-8. Serum levels of all these 3 markers were positively associated with disease stage and TNM indices; MMP-7 and TIMP-1 levels also increased with lower differentiation grade. In 5 patients evaluated at disease progression the levels of all the markers studied were markedly higher than in the primary patients, and exceeded the estimated cut-off values. Conclusion: MMP-7 should be regarded as the most promising serological renal cancer marker; its serum levels exceed the cut-off value even in 84% stage I patients. TIMP-1 has acceptable sensitivity (70% and above) only from stage II renal cancer onwards, while MMP-8 levels are increased only at stage III–IV of the disease.

Objective: to conduct clinical laboratory studies of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) for the clarification of the pathogenetic features and role of neurotrophic factors in the formation of polymorphism of this diseasePatients and methods. Thirty-five patients aged 9 months to 53 years (mean age, 14.5 years) with different inherited forms of SMA were examined. Clinical, genealogical, and laboratory tests were carried out. A control group consisted of 40 healthy individuals aged 7–45 years (mean age, 16.5 years). The levels of neurotrophins, such as brain-derived growth factor (BDGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in serum samples were determined by enzyme immunoassay.Results. Changes in the expression of the neurotrophic factors were found in patients with SMA. The enzyme immunoassay data suggest that the serum concentrations of BDGF, NGF, and CNTF in patients with SMA were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. The group of SMA patients aged under 18 years showed a statistically significant (p

Odintsovo 02/14 isolate of African swine fever virus was tested for its propagation properties in primary cell cultures with adding different sera to the nutrient medium. The test results showed that the virus propagation was the most successful in porcine bone marrow and porcine kidney cells when fetal bovine serum and FS FetalClone II, multipurpose serum substitute were added.

Aim    To study the relationship of blood serum concentration of endocan with indexes of apoptosis and clinical and instrumental characteristics of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD).Material and methods    The study included 176 subjects (105 men and 71 women). 150 of them were diagnosed with IHD and 26 were healthy volunteers. Anthropometric measurements, coronary angiography, echocardiography, duplex ultrasound scanning of extracranial parts of the brachiocephalic arteries were performed for all patients. Concentrations of endocan (ng / ml), glucose (mmol / l), and apoptotic markers Bcl-2 (ng / ml), Bax (ng / ml), Bcl-2 / Bax, TRAIL (pg / ml), and p53 (ng / ml) were measured in blood serum. Patients were divided into groups based on their SYNTAX scores: group 1 with moderate atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries (CA) (score &lt; 22, 78 patients); group 2 with severe CA atherosclerosis (score 23-32, 37 patients); and group 3 with extremely severe CA lesions (score &gt;33, 35 patients). The control group consisted of healthy volunteers (26 subjects). All groups were age- and sex-matched. Differences were considered statistically significant at p&lt;0.05.Results    A correlation was found between endocan concentration and IHD severity (r=0.32, p&lt;0.001). In group 1, the median endocan concentration was 14.57 ng / ml [8.21; 23.66], in group 2, 19.34 ng / ml [8.425; 26.645], in group 3, 32.13 ng / ml [18.2; 39.12], and in the control group, 6.92 ng / ml [4.62; 9.18]. Correlations of varying strength and significance were observed between the endocan concentration and a number of clinical and instrumental characteristics. Endocan concentrations significantly differed in groups of patients with multifocal atherosclerosis (p&lt;0.01), angina pectoris (p&lt;0.01), a history of myocardial infarction (p&lt;0.001), and obesity (p&lt;0.05) from patients without these signs. Also, a correlation was found between serum endocan concentration and apoptotic markers: TRAIL (r= -0.448, p&lt;0.001); BCL-2 (r= -0.552, p&lt;0.001), Bax (r= -0.519, p&lt;0.001), Bcl-2 / Bax (r= -0.576, p&lt;0.001) and p53 (r= -0.520, p &lt;0.001).Conclusion    The study demonstrated a potential role of endocan as a promising biomarker for risk stratification, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring of IHD patients.

Background. To determine the effect of oral fatty applications on the content of triglycerides in the serum and liver of rats. Methods. As edible fats, ordinary sunflower oil, high-oleic sunflower oil “Olivka” and butter, as well as the same oils after heat treatment, were used. Application of oils (0.5 g) on the oral mucosa was carried out once a day for 3 days. After euthanasia on the 4th day, the content of triglycerides (TG) in the serum and in the liver was determined. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was also determined in the liver. The ratio of the level of TG in serum and in the liver was calculated fat-incretory function of the liver. Results. Oral fatty applications cause a decrease in serum TG and increase them in the liver. In the liver, the content of MDA and the fat-incretory function decreases. Conclusion. Oral fatty applications cause hypotriglyceridemia, reduce the level of peroxidation in the liver and cause hepatosteatosis.

In vivo research is an important link in the development of osteoplastic materials. Aim: to study the structural features and markers of bone metabolism after an implantation into the distal metaphysis of the rat femur of glass crystalline calcium phosphate material (GCM). Methods: hole defects in the distal metaphysis of the femur were performed in 28 white laboratory male rats (age 4 months, weight 200-260 g). GCM cylindrical samples with a diameter of 1 mm and a height of 3 mm were placed in defects. A comparison group for biochemical studies was 5 intact rats. Animals were sacrificed 7, 14, 28, and 90 days after surgery. The histological studies of the bone structure around the implant and assessment of osseointegration were performed. In the blood serum the activity of alkaline phosphatase, the content of chondroitin sulfates, urea, the activity of alanine aminotransferase were determined. Results: 7 days after surgery the relative content of bone tissue around implants was (28.59 ± 1.33) %, after 14 days it increased by 2.71 times (p < 0.001). After 30 days bone tissue was located around the entire perimeter of the implant. Bioresorption of the material continued throughout the observation period. A significant increase in the activity of the alkaline phosphatase in blood serum compared with the rate of intact rats was shown from the 7th to the 30th day of observation. The maximum increase of chondroitin sulfates was recorded on the 7th day. The content of urea in the blood serum and the activity of alanine aminotransferase did not statistically significantly differ in terms of the experiment or from indices of intact animals. Conclusions: the studied material is biocompatible, has osteoinductive and osteoconductive qualities. After implanting it into the bone, bone repair is not impaired, and lamellar bone tissue is formed for the final study period (90 days). A characteristic feature of the material is its gradual resorption until the 90th day of observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increased density of ligaments in the lumbopelvic region, that is typical for ligamentopathy, causes redistribution of the stressstrain state of structures in the biomechanical system «lumbar spine - sacrum - sacroiliac joint - pelvis», thereby provoking development of degenerative-dystrophic changes. Proceeding from the above, the concept of conservative treatment for ligamentogenic lumbopelvic pain (LLPP) should provide restoration of the natural density of the ligament and use of structuremodifying medicines. Objective: to develop a biomechanically and pathogenetically based technology for the conservative treatment of LLPP and assess of the efficacy of its use. Methods: 45 patients with LLPP were divided into three groups: I -- extracorporeal shock-wave therapy, II -- dietary supplement «Protecta», III -- integrated treatment with dietary supplement «Protecta» in combination with shock-wave therapy. The patients' condition was assessed before the treatment, after 1 and 3 months following its finishing. Results: reduction of the pain and functional limitations was registered in patients from all the groups. Nevertheless the pain, stiffness and functional insufficiency decreased most significantly in cases from group III. Following 1 and 3 months after the end of their treatment course, these patients' blood serum revealed lower values of destruction in their cartilaginous and osseous tissues as well as a reduced activity of marker enzymes. Biochemical marker values after 1 month following the end of their treatment course in patients from groups I and III were better versus group II, but after 3 months the dynamics of the examined indices were more expressed in groups II and III. Conclusion: the developed technology for conservative treatment of LLPP with use of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy and dietary supplement «Protecta» is effective, as it is confirmed by results of clinical and biochemical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of an effective and safe methods of conservative treatment of knee osteoarthritis of the has a priority in modern orthopaedics. Objective: to compare results of Platelet-Rich Plasma -- PRP and PRP in combination with 2% viscoelastic sodium hyaluronate gel (proFLEX INTRA) in patients with the II grade knee osteoarthritis. Methods: from 2018 to 2019 prospective randomized comparative study of the efficiency of using PRP therapy (group I) and PRP in combination with a 2% viscoelastic sodium hyaluronate gel (proFLEX INTRA) (group II) was conducted in 50 patients with II grade knee osteoarthritis (aged between 48 and 73 years). Patients were assessed before treatment, 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment with the help of VAS while walking, WOMAC, and OKS scales. Laboratory assesment of inflammation markers in serum and synovial fluid were performed before treatment and 4 weeks after. Synovial fluid was examined by using clinical- microscopic and biochemical methods according to the following markers: cytosis, percentage of neutrophils, lymphocytes, synoviocytes and macrophages, protein, hyaluronic acid. In blood serum were determined: total protein, glycoproteins, chondroitin sulfates, alkaline phosphatase activity. Results: in II group was noted a statistically significant improvement according to VAS and WOMAC scale comparing with I group 6 months after treatment. The content of glycoproteins and chondroitin sulfates in blood serum of patients in the II group, also the protein content in synovial fluid, 4 weeks after treatment was lower (p < 0.05) comparing with the I group. However, the content of HA was higher (p < 0.05) in the II group of patients. Conclusions: both methods, PRP; PRP and HA allowed to reduce VAS pain score while walking and to improve joint function according to WOMAC and OKS scales in patients with the II stage knee osteoarthritis, six months after treatment. While, in the group of combined use PRP and 2% viscoelastic sodium hyaluronate gel the results of treatment according to VAS and WOMAC scales were statistically significantly better and the inflammatory-dystrophic degree of changes in the knee was less comparing with the I group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Detection of total free light chains (FLC) of immunoglobulins and their ratio (kappa/lambda quotient) are used in diagnostics and monitoring of multiple myeloma and other gammapathies, primary amyloidosis and multiple sclerosis. Previously described immunoassays with monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against cryptic and constantly exposed epitopes of FLC failed to recognize rare variants of lambda Bence-Jones proteins and a significant proportion of lambda chains excreted with urine. Aiming to improve this approach, a novel murine Mab (IgG2b coded as 1C8) was employed, which specifically binds free lambda chains but doesn’t interact with native IgA, IgG, and IgM. The novel Mab recognized an epitope exposed at free lambda chains in peripheral blood of healthy donors and patients with multiple myeloma. It is not destroyed or masked upon renal filtration.The aim of this study was to determine basic features of improved assay system, and to estimate its potential in diagnostics of monoclonal gammapathies. The mixtures of three Bence-Jones proteins of either kappa- or lambda- types purified from the urine of multiple myeloma patients were used as calibrator samples.Improved immunometric assay is able to detect free kappa and lambda chains in serum and urine at a scale of 1 to 100 ng/ml, thus being three orders more sensitive than, e.g., detection levels of Freelite method based on polyclonal antibodies.A novel assay allows to detect free kappa and lambda chains at comparable levels in serum or urine, and to deduce kappa/lambda ratio. The proposed assay is able to detect FLC in 10,000-fold excess of whole IgG molecules. The calibrating plots for both antigens are linear on log-log scales, with very similar slopes. Detection thresholds for kappa or lambda chains proved to be 5 and 3 ng/ml, respectively. Mean concentrations of free kappa chains in sera of healthy donors were 6.7±2.1, in urine, 4.2±3.8 mcg/ml. Mean concentrations of free lambda chains were 4.7±1.96, and 1.6±1.0 mcg/ml, respectively. This method, if applied to serum and urine samples from multiple myeloma patients, revealed free light chains were similar to the paraproteins detected by means of electrophoresis/immunofixation. The values of kappa/lambda ratios corresponded to the types of gammapathies revealed.

Background: A fundamental problem of medical diagnostics as an assessment of human plasma and serum proteins in various pathologic states. Physical molecular and dynamic characteristics of proteins that are significantly changed during a disease have been proposed as diagnostic parameters. Aim: To conduct fundamental research on molecular properties of serum proteins, such as their mobility, intermolecular interactions, aggregation/formation of nanoscale protein clusters, abnormalities of the surface charge, etc., for subsequent development of methods for early diagnostics of cancer based on laser light scattering and fluorescence. Materials and methods: The parameters of protein dynamics were assessed by laser light scattering methods. Results: We performed comparative assessments in model systems and native serum samples for cancer diagnostics and analyzed the possibility to use optical parameters of water serum solutions for development of cancer diagnostic methods. Conclusion: Light scattering methods provide sufficient information on changes of the static and dynamic properties of the serum proteins over time during various pathological conditions.

The issues of pathogenesis of cryptosporidiosis in pigs are studied. The cryptosporidiosis infection at experimental and spontaneous infection may lead to significant morphological changes in the pigs body: the number of leukocytes is increased, hemoglobin concentration and the number of erythrocytes are decreased, the blood sedimentation rate (ESR) varies from 1,9 to 2,7 mm/h. The protein composition of blood serum is marked by decrease in total amount of protein as well as a gradual fall of albumin and gammaglobulin levels. The activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase is elevated which proves the metabolic activity pointing at the body intoxication. Significant changes in redox processes are being observed. Blood sugar is going down and blood pyroracemic acid is increasing which testifies to disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.

The aim of this work was to study basic biochemical parameters of blood serum in experimental animals in subchronic influence of nitric oxide (NO). The experiments were performed on Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups: control (intact healthy rats) and three experimental, in which the animals within 30 days were receiving the inhalation of gaseous NO at a concentration of 20, 50 and 100 ppm. The gas mixture was synthesized by the apparatus for generating nitric oxide developed at Sarov. Determination of biochemical parameters of blood serum was performed on an automatic analyzer «ILAB 650» (Italy, USA, Japan). It was shown that subchronic inhalation of NO in all the studied concentrations contribute to the increase of glucose, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase.

Carried out has been comparative analysis of the cell antigen immune-electrophoregrammes of B. pseudomallei C-141, B. mallei 10230, B. thailandensis 264, and B. cepacia 25416 after immunoblotting with immune rabbit sera to living cells of avirulent B. pseudomallei 107, celllular and extracellular antigens of B. pseudomallei 107, B. pseudomallei C-141, B. mallei 10230, B. thailandensis 264, and B. cepacia 25416. Visual investigation has revealed the presence of fractions with molar mass of 18.4 and 35 kDa in B. malei 10230 cell antigens’ electrophoregramme obtained by means of immunoblotting with serum to B. malei 10230 cell antigens, as distinct from B. pseudomallei C-141 electrophoregramme with the same serum. This makes it possible to distinguish the pathogenic Burkholderia. At the same time utilization of heterologous immune sera enhances discriminating capacity of the comparative assay. The level of reproducibility of immune-electrophoregrammes allows for the deployment of the similarity coefficient for computer-based comparative analysis.

Introduction Study in which we found a significant and specific alteration of eotaxins-3 in active EoE childrens with food allergy. Aim The aim of the study was to identity eotaxin-3 that correlated with activity of EoE as measurmed by esophageal eosinophilia and response to treatment by using elimination diet in children group with food allergy in the course of EoE. Material and methods Five childrens ranging in age from 12 to 18 years with EoE and food allergy was studied for up to 12 weeks of used eliminate food to which the children are sensitized. Biomarker (eotaxin-3 / CCL26) in serum were analyzed as to their use as a noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis and assessment of EoE disease status. Results Eotaxin-3 levels correlated significantly with all investigated clinical parameters: blood eosinophils levels ( r=0,80,p

Abstract. The degree of immunity to polioviruses of three serotypes among children of different ages was analysed on certain "controlled" and "silent" territories of Russia in different periods of Polio Eradication Initiative. It was shown that the levels of immunity of children’s population to polioviruses on "controlled" and "silent" territories had no significant difference. It was stated that on the phase which preceded the certification for the absence of circulation of wild polioviruses, when the National Immunisation Days were conducted in the country, the percentage of eronegative children to polioviruses of different serotypes was low on all the territories of Russia. After Russia as a part of the WHO European region was certified as a polio free country and mass immunisation was stopped thepercentage of seronegative children increased, especially to poliovirus of serotype 3, both on the "controlled" and on the "silent" territories.

Background. Investigation of facies of biological fluids is utilized for the diagnostics of different disease in ophthalmology, dentistry, oncology, gerontology, neurology, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, tuberculosis, neonatology, nephrology. Objective. To familiarize a wide range of medical specialists with a diagnostic technology of investigation of biological fluids using the method of wedge dehydration. Methods. On the fat-free slide positioned horizontally a droplet of biological fluid of 0,01-0,02 ml is added. Within 18-24 hours at a temperature of 20-25 °C and a relative humidity of 65-70% the sample dry and is investigated with the help of microscope. Results. During dehydration a number of processes leading to the formation of the facies with a certain structure depending on the type of biological fluid are observed. Facia has 3 zones: 1 – central – the zone of the crystal structures, 2 – the transitional zone, amorphous and 3 – peripheral. The process of recognition of facies structures occurs qualitatively, not quantitatively and depends on the experience and skills of the image "reading" of the assistant. These deficiencies can be corrected by creation an automated image analysis system. Conclusions. We demonstrated the possibility of computer program to implement an automated processing of facies of biological fluids. Citation: Markevich VE, Kirilenko EA, Petrashenko VA, Zablotskaya TU, Bilokon TA. [Methods of wedge dehydration of biological fluids]. Morphologia. 2014;8(1):113-7. Russian.

Analyzed are operational characteristic curves (ROC-curves) of solid-phase ELISA variants with immune sera to cellular and extracellular Burkholderia antigens with the aim to determine the most effective ones for B. pseudomallei and B. mallei antigen detection. It is shown that among solid-phase ELISA variants with immune sera to cellular and extracellular antigens, those with sera to homologous antigens are the most effective. Demonstrated is the possibility of application of solid-phase ELISA variants with immune sera to antigens of B. thailandensis and B. cepacia strains for identification and typing of glanders and melioidosis agents. Assessed are prospects of extracellular antigen application for differentiation between closely related species of “ pseudomallei ” group.

The study was designed to determine modulation of enzyme regulators of carbohydrate metabolism in Marwari breed of goat of both sexes and varying age groups during moderate, extreme hot and cold ambiences. The enzyme regulators included sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH)which were determined in the serum. The moderate ambience was considered as control for each enzyme regulator and the mean values in UL-1 were 8.67±0.005, 40.87±0.32, 8.04±0.003 and 7.53±0.005, respectively. The mean values of SDH, MDH and G-6-Pase were significantly (p≤0.05) higher during hot and cold ambiences in comparison to respective moderate mean value. However, the increase was more in cold than hot ambience for each case. The mean value of G-6-PDH was significantly (p≤0.05) higher during cold ambience while significantly (p≤0.05) lower during hot ambience in comparison to moderate mean value. In each ambience the sex and age effects were significant (p≤ 0.05) on each enzyme regulators. It could be concluded that extreme ambiences produced modulations in the metabolic reactions reflected on the basis of pattern of variations of enzyme regulators in the serum

The study was designed to determine stress related variations in endogenous vitamin E and C levels of Murrah buffaloes. For this purpose, four hundred and fifty healthy adult female Murrah buffaloes between 4 and 12 years of age were sampled to harvest the sera during adverse ambiences viz. moderate, extreme hot and cold ambiences. Animals were broadly divided into non-pregnant milch, pregnant milch, pregnant dry, primipara and multipara. The mean values (µmol L-1) of serum vitamin E and C were 4.31±0.03 and 23.34±0.33, respectively during moderate ambience. The mean values of both the vitamin E and C depressed significantly (p≤0.05) during hot and cold ambiences as compared to moderate ambience. It was observed that decline in each value during hot ambience was greater than that of respective cold ambience. A significant (p≤0.05) variation was observed in the mean values of vitamin E and C in each ambience in the animals of all physiological states. The mean values of both the vitamins of non pregnant milch animals were highest (p≤0.05) whereas they were lowest (p≤0.05) in pregnant dry animals. It could be concluded that extreme ambiences produced oxidative stress in the buffaloes of all physiological states. The depressed levels of endogenous vitamin E and C in the serum showed their depletion in the body probably to combat free radical scavengers. Vitamin E and C should be supplemented to protect the animals from oxidative stress.

The aim of the investigation was to evaluate oxidative stress in sheep affected with peste des petits ruminants (PPR). Oxidative stress in the affected sheep was evaluated by determining various serum biomarkers viz. vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and xanthine oxidase, the mean values of which were 1.70±0.07µmol L-1, 13.00± 0.10 µmol L-1, 2.25 ±0.07 µmol L-1, 3.10 ±0.06 µmol L-1, 140.00 ±8.00 kU L-1, 294.22 ±9.91 kU L-1, 6.99± 0.05 kU L-1 and 100.10 ±3.00 m U L-1, respectively. The levels of vitamins A, C, E and glutathione decreased significantly (p≤0.05) and the serum catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and xanthine oxidase activities increased significantly (p≤0.05) in affected sheep as compared to that in healthy ones. On the basis of the altered levels of serum biomarkers of oxidative stress it was concluded that the animals affected with PPR developed oxidative stress. The findings suggested the relevance of periodic assessment of oxidative status in ruminants for healthier management through supplementation of proper antioxidants as supportive treatment in PPR and in healthy in-contact animals.

A study was undertaken to assess the effect of ambient stress on serum electrolyte pattern of Murrah buffaloes of arid tracts in India. Healthy adult female Murrah buffaloes were grouped according to physiological states and screened during moderate, hot and cold ambiences. The mean values (m mol L-1) of serum inorganic phosphorus, calcium and magnesium during moderate ambience were 1.80± 0.01, 2.80± 0.01 and 0.90± 0.002, respectively. During hot and cold ambiences significant (p≤0.05) decrease was observed in the mean value of each electrolyte. Decline was higher during hot ambience as compared to cold ambience. In each ambience it was noticed that serum electrolyte concentration of pregnant dry animals was lowest significantly (p≤0.05) as compared to non pregnant milch followed by pregnant milch. Multipara animals showed significantly (p≤0.05) lower value of each electrolyte as compared to primipara. It was concluded that ambient stress during hot and cold ambiences resulted in depletion of electrolyte levels of the buffaloes of all physiological states.

The present investigation was aimed to determine serum xanthine oxidase profile in stressed Marwari breed of sheep belonging to arid tracts in Rajasthan, India. Extreme hot and cold ambiences were considered as stress conditions to the animals. Blood samples were collected to obtain sera during moderate, extreme hot and cold ambiences. The mean value of serum xanthine oxidase during moderate ambience was 93.33±1.11 mU L-1.The mean value of serum xanthine oxidase was significantly (p≤0.05)higher during hot and significantly (p≤0.05) lower during cold ambiences as compared to moderate mean value serving as control. The sex and age effects were significant (p≤0.05) in all ambiences. The mean values were significantly (p≤0.05) higher in males than females. In each ambience the age effect showed a significant (p≤0.05) increase in the mean values being highest in the animals of 2.5-4.5 years of age. The effects of extreme ambiences were observed on the male and female animals of all age groups as revealed by various interactions studied viz. ambience X age; ambience X sex and age X sex (p≤0.01). Further sex effect was present in the animals of each age group. It can be concluded that serum xanthine oxidase can be used as an effective marker to assess oxidative stress in these animals. Mean values obtained from large number of animals during moderate ambience will help in providing physiological reference values for future research and clinical interpretations.

The investigation was carried out to determine serum gamma glutamyl transferase enzyme as a biomarker of stress and metabolic dysfunctions in Rathi cattle of arid tract in India. Blood samples were collected to harvest serum from healthy male and female, drought affected, ketotic cows, recently aborted cows, cows with diarrhoea, cows with traumatic pericarditis, calves with urinary calculi, cows affected with urea poisoning and cows affected with acidosis. The mean values of γ glutamyl transferase showed significant variations (p≤0.05) according to sex and age in the healthy group of animals. The normal range in healthy animals was from 12 to 34 UL-1. In affected group an average 23.69 times rise in the value was observed from that of healthy group. Cows affected with urea poisoning and acidosis were having highest mean values whereas drought affected animals were having least value. It was concluded that present study attempted to provide a new insight about an old enzyme. As the number of animals in the present study was statistically sufficient therefore the mean value of healthy group can be used as reference value for γ GT in Rathi cattle and other cattle breeds which can help to interpret the variations of serum γ GT in various metabolic diseases of cattle.

The рарег presents the results of measurements of cytokine levels in serum and conditioned medium of PBMC cultures from the patients with atopic dermatitis with the exacerbation and remission in comparison with the healthy donors. We have shown that the serum levels of the key cytokines IL-5 and IL-13, proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 and the main Th1 cytokine — IFNγ — were higher compared to healthy donors. In the conditioned media of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in contrast, we have found a significant decrease of the spontaneous secretion of key cytokines IL-10 and IL-17. We have shown that the stimulated secretion of IL-5 and IL-13, IL-12 and INF-γ is significantly reduced in comparison with the control level. Only IL-1β revealed a statistically significant higher level of stimulated secretion without exacerbation of atopic dermatitis. The contemporary therapy has no effect on cytokine production.

Shuhtin V. V., Sknar V. N., Shuhtina I. N., Zukow W. Біохімічні показники сироватки крові і сперми у хворих на хронічний простатит після комплексного патогенетичного лікування = Biochemical indicators of blood serum and sperm patients with chronic prostatitis after complex pathogenetic treatment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(12):608-613. eISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.44648 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%2812%29%3A608-613 http://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/693566 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport (null) 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 10.12.2015. Revised 15.12.2015. Accepted: 29.12.2015. УДК 616.699:616.697-07:616.69-008.8-097 БІОХІМІЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ СИРОВАТКИ КРОВІ І СПЕРМИ У ХВОРИХ НА ХРОНІЧНИЙ ПРОСТАТИТ ПІСЛЯ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ Biochemical indicators of blood serum and SPERM patients with chronic prostatitis After complex pathogenetic treatment В. В. Шухтін¹, В. М. Скнарь², І. М. Шухтіна2, В. А. Жуков3 V. V. Shuhtin, V. N. Sknar, I. N. Shuhtina, W. Zukow ¹ ДП «Український науково-дослідний інститут медицини транспорту» ² Одеський національний медичний університет ² Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, Bydgoszcz 1SE "Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Transport Medicine, Ministry of Health of Ukraine", Odessa 2Odessa National Medical University, Odessa 3Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz Abstract In patients with chronic prostatitis were determined in serum malondialdehyde content and total proteolytic activity (OPA), which serves as a marker of inflammation, as well as the activity of catalase. Sperm concentration was determined protein content and the lysozyme ASO. Inclusion in the complex therapeutic agents medications prebiotics (Inu-lin + Exo) and immunomodulators has increased the effectiveness of treatment (reduction of the concentration of protein in the sperm and the ASO) due to increased content of lysozyme. Keywords: prostate, serum, semen, biochemical parameters, prebiotics. Реферат БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ СЫВОРОТКИ КРОВИ И СПЕРМЫ БОЛЬНЫХ ХРОНИЧЕСКИМ ПРОСТАТИТОМ ПОСЛЕ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ. У больных хроническим простатитом определяли в сыворотке крови содержание малонового диальдегида и общую протеолитическую активность (ОПА), которые служили маркерами воспаления, а также активность каталазы. В сперме определяли концентрацию белка, ОПА и содержание лизоцима. Включение в комплекс лечебных средств препаратов пребиотиков (инулин + ЭКСО) и иммуномодуляторов повысило эффективность лечения (снижение концентрации белка и ОПА в сперме) за счет увеличения содержания лизоцима. Ключевые слова: простатит, сыворотка крови, сперма, биохимические показатели, пребиотики.