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Copyright of Otorhinolaryngology (25288253) is the property of Ukrainian Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The clinical picture of allergic rhinitis includes sneezing, nasal discharge, impaired nasal breathing, and itching of the nose and roof of mouth. Depending on the duration of symptoms, allergic rhinitis is divided into intermittent and persistent forms, and depending on the severity of symptoms, it can be mild, moderate, and severe. Treatment for allergic rhinitis includes elimination of allergic contacts, allergen-specific immunotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. The choice of a treatment regimen is determined by the severity of symptoms, age of a patient and presence of concomitant diseases. The work is aimed to review the most common pharmaceuticals to treat allergic rhinitis. Saline solutions are used as monotherapy when symptoms are mild, or before use of other topical drugs to clean mucous membranes before their application. Intranasal glucocorticosteroids can be used as monotherapy, if symptoms have different levels of severity, and supplemented with other drugs, in case they are not efficient. Intranasal glucocorticosteroids do not have a systemic effect due to minimal bioavailability. The patients with moderate/severe allergic rhinitis are recommended to use them jointly with second generation antihstamines, intranasal cromones, intranasal antihistamines and leukotriene receptor antagonists. The significant side effect of antihistamines, especially of the first generation, are sedative effects on the central nervous system. The side effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists are neuropsychological disorders. Intranasal cromones have a high safety profile, which makes them popular in paediatric practice. However, the dosage regimen up to 3–4 times a day reduces patient adherence to treatment. Decongestants are not indicated as monotherapy for allergic rhinitis but can be used in combination with other drugs in short courses, taking into account the possible side effects.

The authors reviewed the results of domestic studies of the therapeutic efficacy and preventive capabilities of the irrigationelimination therapy product line based on the seawater Aqualor. The article describes rationality and expediency of using these products in children and adults with various ENT pathologies. Particular attention is given to the possibility of using hypertonic saline solutions as an alternative to topical decongestants, especially in childhood.

Subject of Research. We present results of permittivity research in gigahertz frequency range for saline and glucose solutions used in medical practice. Experiment results are substantiated theoretically on the basis of Debye-Cole model. Method. Researches have been carried out on blood plasma of healthy donor, water, normal saline and glucose solutions with different concentration from 3 to 12 mmol/l. Experiments have been performed by an active nearfield method based on measuring the impedance of a plane air-liquid boundary with open end of coaxial waveguide in the frequency range from 1 to 12 GHz. Measurement results have been processed with the use of vector analyzer computer system from Rohde & Schwarz. Transmittance spectra have been determined by means of IR-spectrometer from TENZOR-Bruker. Main Results. Simulation results have shown good agreement between the experimental results and the model, as well as the choice of the main parameters of the Debye-Cole model in the studied frequency range for all media. It has been shown that the range of 3-6 GHz can be considered as the main one in the development of diagnostic sensors for the non-invasive analysis of the glucose concentration in the human blood. Practical Relevance. Electrodynamic models of test fluid replacing human blood give the possibility to simulate the sensor basic characteristics for qualitative and quantitative estimation of glucose concentration in human blood and can be used to create an experimental sample of a non- invasive glucometer.

Background: Folic acid (folate) which is a water-soluble vitamin-B is essential for the lifesustaining processes of DNA synthesis, replication, repair, and also protein synthesis. Experimental evidence suggests that folate deficiency and its consequent elevated homocysteine level sensitize dopaminergic neurons to environmental toxin, whereby folate deficiency may influence risk of Parkinson disease. Accordingly, in this study, the effects of different doses of folic acid on motor activity of rat were studied using rotarod apparatus. Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into four groups and were injected intraperitonealy a single dose of folic acid or vehicle/day for one week. The there test groups received 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg/day folic acid and the sham group received saline. Then, all groups were introduced to the rotarod test. Results: The results showed that 5 mg/kg/day of folic acid significantly improves motor coordination (P<0.05). Conclusion: Overally, the present results indicate that low-dose folic acid improves motor performance of the rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]