Search

The multicenter prospective randomized trial of clinical and microbiological efficacy of cefepime in combination with fluorothiazinone or placebo was conducted to expand the possibilities of empirical therapy for patients with complicated urinary tract infections. The primary endpoint of the study in the MITT population was the clinical cure and pathogen eradication on the 21st day after the conclusion of antibacterial therapy: this indicator was 75.6% in cefepim/fluorothiazinone group and 50.8% in cefepim/placebo group; 97.5% one-sided confidential interval (14.7%) exceeded the hypothesis of equal efficacy (0%), allowing an alternative hypothesis of the superiority of cefepime/fluorothiazinone over cefetime/placebo to be accepted. There was a significant (P=0.012) decrease in relapses occurrences of infection at follow-up (90 days after the start of treatment) after the use of cefepime/fluorothiazinone compared with cefepime/placebo, 3/178 (1.7%; 95% CI: 0.3–4.8) and 14/175 (8.0%; 95% CI: 4.4–13.1), respectively. Adverse events were detected in 37 (20.6%; 13.4–25.3) patients in group cefepim/fluorothiazinone and in 27 (15.2%; 8.0–18.2) patients in group cefepim/placebo; their number did not significantly differ, they were not severe and did not require drug discontinuation. The results of the study showed the clinical and microbiological advantages of cefepime/fluorothiazinone combination compared with cefepime/placebo with an equal safety profile, which makes it possible to expand the effectiveness of empirical therapy for complicated urinary tract infections.

The author examines the complex relationship between stock liquidity, financial flexibility, management quality and investments of Russian public companies. The cost and volume of fixed assets affect the size of an organisation’s assets, which, in turn, determines the share price. The share price is an objective indicator of the financial position of the company. The quality of management allows you to assess the company’s ability to attract investments. The liquidity of shares has a causal relationship with investments. Financial flexibility affects management's ability to adjust the capital structure in order to attract additional capital investments. In addition, financial flexibility allows the company to respond quckly to investor proposals in the face of restrictive (sanction) measures. The management of Russian companies affects not only the share price (risk adjustment), but also the investment opportunities. The author identifies criteria for management integrity in the implementation of investments. Information asymmetry affects the financial policy of the company. Investment opportunities are favourable under a balanced financial policy and in the presence of high quality property collateral. Companies with a high level of property security have the necessary debt capacity, i.e. the ability to meet their obligations to creditors in a timely manner. Assets determine not only the share price, but also the financial position and investment attractiveness of a commercial organisation. Property security is an important factor in deciding on the choice of funding source, taking into account its price (adverse selection problem). The author presents the evaluation results using a dynamic panel data model (the Arellano-Bond – the generalised method of moments). The model allows us to solve the problem of endogeneity – the correlation of explanatory variables with an error in the regression.

In order to study the mechanisms of adaptation to loads that require high endurance, the article analyzes and systematizes the literature and the results of our own studies of the duration of the RRNN interval of the cardiointervalogram/heart rate (HR) in the prone position among athletes, in particular, among cross-country skiers. It has been established that the value of RRNN depends on sports specialization (maximum for athletes training for endurance), on the length of training and the level of sportsmanship (for cross-country skiers, with an increase in the level of skill, the value of RRNN increases, and heart rate decreases), on the periods of the annual cycle. So, the athlete K.D. it is maximum in the preparatory period (1497 ms/40 beats/min), but lower in the competition (1477 ms/40.6 beats/min) and in the transition (1467 ms/ 40.8 beats/min) periods. The value of RRNN also depends on the stage of the training camp, or TCB. So, the athlete K.D. from the beginning of the TS to its end, it gradually increases - from 1423 ms to 1572 ms, and the heart rate decreases accordingly from 42.1 to 38.1 beats/min. It was shown that the type of vegetative regulation of heart activity in elite skiers does not change during the annual cycle (all members of the Tatarstan team had type IV regulation according to the classification of N.I. Shlyk, i.e. vagotonia). This confirms the notion that endurance training increases the influence of the parasympathetic system on the activity of the heart. The results of the study of the elite skier-racer K.D. (the first author of the article), fixing the volume and intensity of the training load in all three periods of the annual cycle, as well as the results of a study of the Tatarstan national team (without fixing the loads), revealed that, in general, throughout the season, including in the preparatory period, the median RRNN correlates with the volume (Vkm; Vmin) training loads (the higher they are, the greater the median RRNN). However, the competitive period is characterized by an inverse dependence of the median RRNN on the volume (Vmin) of the load, which is regarded as a reflection of the formation of an anxiety state in this period, although the formation of an anxiety state in the team of Tatarstan (n = 8) was not detected in the competitive period (they have a median of RRNN in the preparatory period was 1430 ms/42 beats/min), and in the competition period – 1490 ms/40.2 beats/min). The authors conclude that even a palpatory calculation of the heart rate of a cross-country skier in conditions of clinostasis (rest) can serve as a guideline in managing the training process, since an increase in heart rate with exercise therapy indicates a decrease in physical performance, and a progressive decrease in heart rate (up to 38 beats/min) – on its increase, as well as on the formation of the synthesis of non-neuronal acetylcholine (ACh). It is assumed that excessive production of non-neuronal ACh, which can lead to weakness of the sinus node, is prevented by a significant increase in ANS SO activity in elite skiers.

INTRODUCTION. Cephalosporins are injectable antibiotics, which are mainly free from excipients. Testing for impurities (degradation products) and the colour of solution can help evaluate degradation processes in cephalosporin active substances. Therefore, such testing is important for the quality control of cephalosporins.AIM. This study aimed to evaluate the stability of cephalosporins in aqueous solutions in terms of impurities and the colour of solution and explore the relationship between these quality parameters.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study focused on cephalosporin active substances, including cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and a combination of ceftriaxone and sulbactam (2:1). The colour intensity of aqueous solutions of these antibiotics was examined by visual comparison with reference standards and by spectrophotometry. The absorbance values of 10% cefazolin solution were measured at 430 nm at fixed intervals for 6 days, and those of 1.2% ceftriaxone and ceftriaxone–sulbactam solutions were determined at the maximum absorption wavelength of 450 nm for 11 days and 16 days, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the content of related substances in solutions of cefazolin (10% and 0.25%), ceftriaxone (1.2% and 0.03%), and the ceftriaxone–sulbactam combination (1.2%, calculated as ceftriaxone). Ceftriaxone solutions were studied for 16 days, and cefuroxime solutions (10% and 0.1%) were studied for 2 days (48 hours). All the test solutions were stored at room temperature in natural light (away from direct sunlight).RESULTS. During the test period, all the test solutions gradually acquired an intense yellow colour, and their absorbance and related substance content increased accordingly. Diluted solutions of cefazolin, ceftriaxone, and cefuroxime degraded significantly faster than the solutions of these antibiotics of a higher concentration. The experiment showed that the content of only one or two impurities increased during the first 24–96 hours of degradation, while the content of the remaining related substances changed insignificantly. Cefuroxime proved to be the least stable in aqueous solutions; the content of dezarbomoyl cefuroxime exceeded the limit specified by the regulatory requirements by 2.5 times after 24 hours of storage. The colour of 1.2% ceftriaxone deviated from the regulatory requirements after 24 hours, and the content of individual impurities exceeded the applicable limit for after 72 hours.CONCLUSIONS. The study has shown that the stability of cephalosporins in aqueous solutions in terms of impurities and the colour of solution depends on the chemical structure of the substance, the concentration of the solution, and the duration of storage in natural light. A correlation has been demonstrated between the absorbance of cefazolin and ceftriaxone solutions and the content of individual impurities.

The EU sanctions have targeted Russian energy industry since 2014. Since February 2022, the European Union has imposed a series of unprecedented restrictions affecting Russian fuel trade, a highly sensitive area for both sides, each having a pragmatic interest hereinunder. Energy price cap established in 2022 became the climax of the EU’ sanctions policy against the Russian fuel and energy complex, making it one of the toughest measures in the history of the EU’s anti-Russian energy restrictions. In order to adapt to the new realities, the export directions of the Russian oil industry were reoriented from Europe to Asia. A number of domestic and foreign researchers have focused on the EU’ sanctions policy against the Russian fuel and energy industry, assessing its impact on the global energy market. At the same time, some issues remain insufficiently studied, including the effectiveness of the Russian adaptation strategy, as well as the impact of this strategy on Russia’s key trading partners. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of the EU’ sanctions against the Russian fuel and energy complex on energy trade between Russia and its main counterparts; to reflect the current trends in Russia’s energy trade relations with China, India and Turkey; to assess the effectiveness of Russia’s strategy tailored to adapt to the EU’ restrictions in this area; and to evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy. The research shows that in the short term, the domestic oil industry has managed to promptly respond to the challenges that arose, which was possible due to significant discounts provided to the new partners. While Russian economy was trying to adapt to the current conditions in the global energy market, using the aforementioned strategy, key beneficiaries of the EU’ sanctions policy were clearly identified, including India, China and Turkey.

The article examines the transformation of South Asia, highlighting the distinctive characteristics of the foreign policy strategies of major powers, the interplay between regionalization and globalization, and the prospects for either confrontation or interdependence among the region’s dominant states. South Asia is currently undergoing multifaceted and ambiguous repercussions of significant geopolitical shifts, underscoring the growing importance of analyzing the contemporary phase of interstate relations in this region. South Asia, in many ways, mirrors the broader global changes but on a smaller scale. The region comprises countries with stark disparities in territory, population, economic capacity, scientific and technological advancement, military power, as well as cultural and civilizational traits – all of which significantly shape interstate relations. India’s dominance within the region fosters distrust among its neighbors and exacerbates their perception of vulnerability. Consequently, these states increasingly seek to strengthen their positions in both regional and international arenas by leveraging relationships with extra-regional powers, most notably China. Moreover, unresolved disputes with India are frequently brought to the attention of the international community. The article also addresses the impact of external factors on South Asia’s international relations system, focusing on the substantial shifts in the strategies of major powers following the Cold War. It explores key issues such as the Indian-Chinese rivalry in the region, the United States’ adverse influence, and Russia’s policy toward South Asia.

The article provides a thorough description of the scope, the content and the results of the research carried out at Samara University by the three linguistic departments of Philology and Journalism Faculty. The authors offer an exhaustive insight into the 50 years’ history of language studies performed by the lecturers of the Russian Language and Mass Communication Department, the English Philology Department and the German Philology Department. Long-standing research traditions, current trends as well as future prospects are summarized within the scientific framework of each department. The formation and development of scientific schools are traced alongside the overview of the main current research fields and the most significant results of the cooperative work. Synergistic and integrative character of inter-departmental collaboration is specifically highlighted as the means of promoting the joint scientific result to the highest degree. Large-scale work in the sphere of linguistic science popularization is showcased. Besides, systematic process of nurturing highly qualified scientific personnel is presented. When analyzing research in the field of Russian studies, special attention is paid to the input of T.P. Romanova into the study of Russian onomastics.

Introduction. Diagnosis of obstruction of the ductal system of the salivary glands is a difficult task. Standard research methods cannot detect such pathology. CBCT-sialography is a modern technique that will simplify and increase the informative value of diagnostics compared to an X-ray image.The objective was to study the possibility of visualizing the ductal system of the salivary glands by retrograde administration of a contrast agent using ultrasound navigation to perform cone beam tomography (CBCT-sialography).Methods and materials. On the basis of the oncological Department № 8 of the FSBEI HE I. P. Pavlov SPbSMU MOH, the patient underwent the installation of a subclavian catheter under ultrasound control into the duct expansion cavity through the skin. Next, a radiopaque preparation was introduced, and a cone-beam computed tomography of the maxillofacial region was performed.Results. Based on the results of the study, surgical intervention was performed. During control examinations, no pathological changes in the ductal system of the parotid salivary gland were detected.Conclusion. This article describes a clinical case of the successful use of CBCT-sialography. This technique with a low radiation load has shown high informativeness and can be performed on an outpatient basis. Therefore, it is necessary to accumulate clinical material to evaluate the effectiveness of the technique in various pathological changes in the salivary glands.

The article provides the latest data of our foreign colleagues on the potential use and dosing regimen of lenvatinib in real clinical practice. Since adverse events during lenvatinib treatment often lead to dose reduction or its discontinuation and, as a consequence, to a decrease in progression-free survival and overall survival benefit, optimization of lenvatinib dosing regimen is of great interest to experts from different countries. Today, so-called drug holidays are being actively studied as a possible option to reduce lenvatinib toxicity, without loss of efficacy in patients with advanced radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. In addition, given the small number of therapeutic options for this patient group, their low efficacy and poor availability of tumor mutation profiling and effect on target genes, a question arises: “Is it possible to benefit in progression-free survival and overall survival with lenvatinib rechallenge after disease progression in the 2nd or 3rd treatment lines?”

The aim – to study the incidence of hypogonadism in men with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and to assess its impact on PsA and comorbidities.Materials and methods. A cross-sectional continuous study included 128 men with PsA who were hospitalized at the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology. The patients underwent determination of their total testosterone levels and subsequent division into subgroups with normal (≥12.0 nmol/l) and reduced levels. An intergroup comparison was conducted for the main indicators used in clinical rheumatology practice to assess the stage, activity, and other medical and demographic characteristics of PsA, as well as for comorbidities. A correlation analysis was performed between the level of total testosterone and some clinical and laboratory parameters.Results. The incidence of reduced total testosterone levels was 36.7%. Patients with testosterone deficiency were older (47.9±10.3 vs 40.1±12.1 years; p

The paper emphasizes that the primary objective of fallow field tillage in summer and pre-sowing soil preparation is to create the most favorable conditions for moisture retention and accumulation within soil layers. (Research purpose) The study aimed to investigate the process of moisture accumulation within soil layers as influenced by the type of working bodies used for continuous tillage of fallow fields. (Materials and methods) The research was conducted in field conditions using an experimental model of a steam cultivator equipped with a roller having a working width of 3 meters, as well as a standard KSOP-4 cultivator for continuous tillage. (Results and discussion) Observations from June to August confirmed that the experimental steam cultivator with a roller effectively prevented the displacement of wet soil layers to the surface, maintaining a volumetric moisture content of 16.42-17.37 percent in the 5-centimeter layer. Moisture accumulation was recorded at various soil depths, with volumetric moisture levels recorded at 28.40-30.48 in the 10-centimeter layer, 30.18-32.82 percent in the 15-centimeter layer, and 26.90-29.38 percent in the 20-centimeter layer. For comparison, continuous tillage using a standard cultivator resulted in the displacement of wet soil layers to the surface, with volumetric moisture levels of 22.62-25.14 percent in the 5-centimeter layer. Moisture accumulation in deeper soil layers decreased, showing 18.57-21.57 percent in the 10-centimeter layer, 14.09-15.58 percent in the 15-centimeter layer, and 22.75-22.21 in the 20-centimeter layer. (Conclusions) The study demonstrated that using specific working bodies for continuous soil cultivation in summer ensures moisture retention within the soil layers. This approach facilitates shallow cultivation to a depth of 4-6 centimeters without exposing wet layers to the surface.

The present study reveals that up to 60 percent of mountain grasslands are strewn with stones. Their removal can significantly expand forage land and decrease animal injuries. It has been found out that there are no small-sized units capable of removing stones on sloped terrains. (Research purpose) The research aims to develop and construct a laboratory prototype of a stone removal unit adapted to the Feng Shou 180 mini-tractor, specifically for use on slopes. This unit is intended to facilitate the rehabilitation of mountain regions that are otherwise unsuitable for livestock farming, and enhance soil resistance to both water and wind erosion. (Materials and methods) The technology has been substantiated and the unit prototype has been constructed. The tests were conducted in the mountainous area of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, at an altitude of 1540 meters above sea level. The stones were removed from a section of the northern slope with a steepness of 13 degrees in the village of Dargavs. Technical expertise, bench and field tests of the unit were performed in accordance with agrotechnical standards and technical specifications. (Results and discussion) As a result a laboratory prototype of a stone removal unit adapted to the Feng Shou 180 mini-tractor was produced. It is determined that the laboratory prototype meets the agrotechnical standards and technical specifications. The unit proves to effectively remove stones larger than 30 millimeters with an efficiency rate of 91-93 percent. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that the first year of using the unit results in a 90-95 percent increase in the productivity of forage lands. (Conclusions) The use of this unit on mountain slopes significantly enhances the usable area and improves the water-air and nutrient regimes. This adjustment also alters the species composition of the vegetation, increasing the legume component to 16.7 percent and the cereal component to 47.3 percent. Our findings underscore the potential benefits and feasibility of further developing and deploying this prototype on densely stoned forage lands with slopes of up to 13 degrees.

Polymetal JSC has identified several new gold deposits in the Turinsko-Auerbachovsky ore region of the Middle Urals in recent years. The study of geological and geochemical materials on these objects allowed us to substantiate their polygenic and polychronous nature. The gold mineralization took a long time to form during the concedimentary and conflict epochs of the region's development. During sedimentation, volcanogenic-sedimentary formations were enriched with ore elements due to underwater fluid flow during volcanic and subvolcanic processes, up to the formation of pyrites, including goldbearing ores. In the collisional epoch, three stages of gold accumulation were established, associated with linear folding and final granitoid magmatism, each of which was accompanied by the manifestation of goldbearing hydrothermal-metasomatic processes of the berezitoid type. The first two stages were ore preparation and led to the formation of gold-bearing mineralized zones of berezites, within which, during the third ore stage, ore zones were formed during their activation with the manifestation of shale, crushing, veining, and sulfidization. The analysis of materials from the well-known Vorontsovskoye deposit also confirmed the polygenic and polychronous nature of ore formation, previously noted by a number of researchers.

Epigenetics plays a critical role relative to other branches of genetics, as it makes it possible to regulate gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequence of DNA molecules. This process allows cells to respond to external signals and adapt to changes in the environment while keeping their genetic information intact. The main mechanisms of epigenetic regulation include DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histones, chromatin remodeling and regulation through non-coding RNAs. These processes play a key role in fundamental biological processes such as cellular differentiation, organismal development, and adaptation to environmental conditions.Disturbances in epigenetic mechanisms can lead to various pathologies, including cancer, neurological and autoimmune diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation opens new avenues for the development of targeted therapies that can correct abnormal epigenetic profiles without changing the DNA structure itself.In recent years, the development and application of innovative technologies, such as the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system, have significantly expanded the ability to study epigenetic mechanisms and their relationship with diseases. These technologies allow not only a deeper understanding of epigenetic changes, but also the development of new therapeutic approaches, especially in the field of oncology. Research in epigenetics is also focusing on the interaction between epigenetic changes and the immune system, which opens new perspectives for the development of immunotherapies. The search for new markers of epigenetic disorders and therapeutic agents may lead to the development of individualized treatments that take into account the unique epigenetic profile of each patient.The role of epigenetic modifications in the development of diseases and the creation of new therapeutic strategies cannot be overestimated. Recent research in this area is revealing the potential of epigenetic approaches to treat a wide range of diseases, ushering in a new era in medicine where understanding and correcting epigenetic changes will be the key to effective treatment.

The relevance of the article is associated with the active development of digital technologies and the emergence of digital inequality as a new form of social inequality. The article considers the socio-philosophical aspects of digital inequality. The methodological basis of the study is general logical methods of analysis, generalization, comparison, classification, typification. The study used the principles of dialectical and systemic approaches: development, comprehensiveness of study, historicism. Attention is drawn to the fact that there are empirical studies of digital inequality, which consider the levels of digital inequality (global, social, individual), the evolution of forms of digital global inequality. However, a consistent socio-philosophical analysis of digital inequality, offering a theoretical basis and a categorical-conceptual apparatus for understanding this phenomenon, is not presented in scientific knowledge. Currently, there is no unified approach to the concepts of «digital inequality» and «digital capital». There is a need for a general definition of these concepts, which should serve as a starting point for further research of digital inequality and digital capital. Digital inequality exists in various forms related to access to the latest information technologies, the use of information and communication technologies, and social prospects for mastering ICT. The manifestation of digital inequality in the main spheres of society is considered: political, economic, social, and spiritual. Attention is drawn to the connection and interdependence of digital inequality and digital capital. Based on the theory of social capital and the concept of «habitus» by P. Bourdieu, the process of converting digital capital into other forms of capital is studied. The article shows that all types of capital are interconnected and an individual with economic, political, personal, and cultural capital can transform them into digital capital (the ability and skills to use the Internet). Digital capital, in turn, is converted into offline capital. It is concluded that the lack or limitation of access to the digital environment, a low level of digital competencies is one of the main sources of the development of digital inequality as a type of social inequality in a digital society. The article also draws attention to the need to take into account the social and cultural characteristics of individuals when studying the formation of digital capital and digital inequality. A conclusion is made about understanding digital inequality as an integral phenomenon associated with digital capital.

INTRODUCTION. Naftifine medicinal products are widely used in medical practice to treat fungal infections. A key quality attribute of a naftifine medicinal product is the content of the active substance. It is essential to develop quantitative analytical procedures for the routine control of medicines with a particular focus on reducing time and costs.AIM. This study aimed to update the analytical procedures for the quantitative determination of naftifine and its impurities in medicines by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with small-volume columns providing a reduction in assay time and reagent consumption.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study focused on the active substance naftifine and naftifine-based medicinal products, including a 1% naftifine alcohol solution and a 1% naftifine cream for cutaneous use. The solutions were analysed on Agilent 1200 Infinity and Agilent Infinity II 1290 liquid chromatography systems equipped with diode-array detectors and several chromatographic columns: XBridge Phenyl, 20×4.6 mm, 2.5 μm; XBridge Phenyl, 20×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm; and Acquity BEH Phenyl, 75×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm. The specificity of the analytical procedure was evaluated using spiking solutions of N-methyl-1-naphthalenemethylamine and cinnamaldehyde as well as naftifine solutions after chemical, thermal, and photolytic decomposition.RESULTS. The authors identified the optimal non-toxic solvent (0.1% orthophosphoric acid solution) and demonstrated the applicability of different solvents to different dosage forms. Additionally, the selected analytical conditions included the following: 10 μg/mL naftifine solutions were chromatographed on an XBridge Phenyl column (20×4.6 mm; 2.5 μm) using a gradient of 0.1% perchloric acid and acetonitrile at an elution rate of 1 mL/min. The study showed that the selected detection wavelength of 254 nm provided the best signal-to-noise ratio for the naftifine peak. The reproducibility of the developed quantitative determination procedure was confirmed by validation in accordance with the current requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. The specificity of the analytical procedure was shown by chromatographic analysis of the solvent, mobile phase, and solutions containing the main naftifine impurities. The validation study confirmed the linearity of the analytical procedure in the range of 80–120% (with a correlation coefficient of 0.995). During the accuracy validation, the recovery rate was 100.2%. The validation study demonstrated the robustness of the analytical procedure to minor changes in the chromatographic parameters. The naftifine retention time amounted to approximately 2 minutes.CONCLUSIONS. The authors developed a selective and sensitive HPLC-based analytical procedure for the quantitative determination of naftifine in medicines. This analytical procedure provides for a reduction in assay time and reagent consumption, and its compliance with the validation acceptance criteria indicates its suitability and reproducibility.

This study investigates the self-sustaining traveling wave of nuclear fission in a uranium dicarbide medium by numerically solving a system of partial differential equations. The primary focus is on the neutron diffusion equation and nuclide balance equations, which are crucial for understanding the behavior of fission waves. By solving these equations, we aim to determine the propagation characteristics and assess the stability of nuclear fission waves in uranium dicarbide. Numerical analysis provides significant insights into the dynamics of neutron distribution and nuclide evolution, enhancing our understanding of the underlying physical processes and their implications for traveling wave reactor design.

Relevance. The trend of increasing the area of protected soil and introducing new technologies in the cultivation of vegetable crops of food value can be traced every year. With the development of technology, the requirements for the quality and volume of seed material of hybrids have increased. The main constraints on seed production are the requirements for additional manual labor costs and the complexity of the process, in particular, pollination elements that need to be studied and improved.The aim studying some elements of technology, the optimal time between castration and pollination when crossing fertile tomato lines.Material and Methods. The research was conducted in 2022 year in greenhouse at the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Federal Scientific Vegetable Center". The objects of research were different methods of applying paternal pollen to the stigma of the maternal form. The experiment was carried out between maternal and paternal mid-fruited semi-determinate tomato lines in a hybrid combination. The variants of our experience include time-varying methods of pollen application. Pollination at the same time after castration is a control option, pollination after 4, 12, 24, 48 hours. Options with additional pollination the next day: pollination after 4 (+ after 24 hours), 12 (+ after 24 hours), 24 (+ after 24 hours), 48 hours (+ after 24 hours).Results. In the research, it was found that when pollinated with pollen of the paternal component 24 hours after castration of flowers with additional pollination the next day (24 hours later), the yield of seeds from one fruit on the average fertile maternal line of tomato exceeds 3 times compared with conventional pollination at the same time with castration.

The purpose of the research is determination of the species belonging to the Dibothriocephalus spp. plerocercoids from the autumn chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta of the Amur River basin based on the analysis of a gene fragment of the first cytochrome c oxidase (COX1) subunit of mitochondrial DNA.Materials and methods. A total number of 61 salmon specimens (Oncorhynchus keta) caught in the Amur River and its tributaries were examined with helminthological analysis. DNA of Dibothriocephalus spp. was isolated from plerocercoids and afterwards amplified to detect mitochondrial COX1 partial gene of the D. nihonkaiensis. Products of amplification were sequenced via Sanger sequencing. Obtained nucleotide sequences were analyzed in BLAST.Results and discussion. Type F plerocercoids were detected in nine specimens of O. keta. The sequenced fragments showed 99.31–100 % similarity with GenBank reference sequences of D. nihonkaiensis. The conducted research confirmed infestation with Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis (dyphyllobotriosis pathogen) of O. keta species caught in the Amur River in the territory of the Khabarovsk krai.

Aim – to assess baseline rates and five-years outcomes of mild cognitive impairments (MCI) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders (ADD) receiving conventional synthetic diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) alone or in combination with biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) and/or adequate psychopharmacotherapy (PPT). To assess factors associated with MCI after five years.Materials and methods. 128 RA patients were enrolled, ADD were diagnosed in 123 (96.1%) by a licensed psychiatrist. Severity of depression and anxiety was evaluated with Montgomery – Asberg and Hamilton Anxiety scales. CI were diagnosed during clinical and psychological examination using the battery of pathopsychological and projective techniques. CI outcomes were considered favourable in cases with no CI diagnosed throughout the study and in cases of CI reversal. PPT was offered, 52 (42.3%) agreed. Patients were divided into the following treatment groups: сsDMARDs (n=39), сsDMARDs + PPT (n=43), сsDMARDs + bDMARDs (n=32), сsDMARDs + bDMARDs + PPT (n=9). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with CI after five years.Results. MCI were diagnosed in a majority of RA patients (73.2%) including logical thinking impairments (51.2%) and memory deficit (67.5%). At 5-years endpoint 74 patients were included. Total CI rates in no-PPT groups increased from 69 to 85.7% (p=0.037) and were higher compared to PPT groups (85.7% vs 62.5%; р=0.021; RR=1.37). Patients with favourable CI outcomes had lower major depression prevalence and baseline Montgomery – Asberg scores, major improvement in depression symptoms and higher rates of ADD remission after five years. Baseline DAS28 (OR=1.29; р

Background. Uveitis is a heterogeneous group of inflammatory eye diseases, some of which may be associated with spondyloarthritis (SpA). The probability of SpA depends on the clinical features of uveitis.The aim – to develop a prognostic formula for determining the probability of spondyloarthritis in patients with uveitisMethods. 208 patients (pts) (79 men and 129 women) with different forms of uveitis, referred by ophthalmologists to the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, were assessed. The onset of uveitis at the age ≤30 years took place in 107/208 pts (51.44%), over 30 years – in 101 (48.56%). 139/208 pts had acute recurrent uveitis, 69 – chronic; 149 had isolated anterior uveitis (АU), 59 – posterior eye involvement, 160 had unilateral uveitis, 48 – bilateral; HLA-B27 was detected in 159 pts. Various SpA were identified in 60 cases and not confirmed in 148 pts. Groups of pts with and without SpA were compared by gender, age of uveitis onset, presence of HLA-B27, and clinical features of uveitis.Result. SpA was diagnosed in 45/139 pts with acute recurrent uveitis , and was not confirmed in 94/139 (odds ratio (OR) – 1.723; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.879–3.379; p=0.113); SpA was confirmed in 15/69 pts with chronic uveitis, in 54/69 – with other forms of uveitis (OR=0.597; 95% CI: 0.304–1.172; p=0.134). SpA was diagnosed in 51/160 pts with unilateral uveitis and was not diagnosed in 109/160 (OR=2.028; 95% CI: 0.913–4.501; p=0.082); out of 48 pts with bilateral uveitis was 9 with SpA and 39 without SpA (OR=0.493; 95% CI: 0.222–1.095; p=0.082); among 149 pts with isolated AU – 55 with SpA and 94 without SpA (OR=6.319; 95% CI: 2.384–16.749; p=0.001); of 59 pts with panuveitis – 5 with SpA and 54 without SpA (OR=0.158; 95% CI: 0.060–0.419; p=0.001); among 159 HLA-B27-positive – 56 with SpA and 103 without SpA (OR=6.117; 95% CI: 2.091–17.888; p=0.001); the onset of uveitis at the age of ≤30 years was in 44/107 pts with SpA and in 63/107 – without SpA (OR=3.710; 95% CI: 1.921–7.168; p=0.001); SpA was confirmed in 39/79 male pts and was not confirmed in 40 (OR=5.014; 95% CI: 2.637–9.535; p=0.001).A formula to determine the probability of SpA in pts with uveitis was obtained by the method of multifactorial discriminant analysis: 1.972 × Х1 + 1.476 × Х2 + 1.418 × Х3 + 1.270 × Х4 + 0.668 × Х5 + 0.162 × Х6, where X1 – male; X2 – the onset of uveitis at the age of ≤30 years; X3 – HLA-B27; X4 – isolated anterior uveitis; X5 – unilateral uveitis; X6 – acute recurrent uveitis.If the amount is greater than 4.552, the probability of SpA is estimated as high, if the amount is less than or equal to 4.552, it is low.Conclusion. A combination of significant clinical parameters of uveitis (male, onset of uveitis at the age ≤30 years, HLA-B27, isolated anterior uveitis, unilateral lesion, acute recurrent course) allows to quantify the risk of SpA, that contributes to the timely diagnosis.

The aim of study is to conduct in vivo biological testing of titanium nickelide samples modifed with Ag/Pt or AuAg/Pt flm heterostructures in comparison with the bare carrier.Material and Methods. Titanium nickelide plates modifed with flm heterostructures made of noble metals and the laboratory mini-pigs used for in vivo tests were the objects of the study. To form flm structures on titanium nickelide samples, the physical gasphase deposition methods: ion plasma deposition (IPD) and thermal (PVD) sputtering were used. The Ag/ Pt or AuAg/Pt heterostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning microscopy methods.Results. The biocompatibility of implants before (TiNi, control) and after (Ag/Pt/TiNi and AuAg/Pt/TiNi) modifcation with flm heterostructures was tested in in-vivo experiments on a laboratory animal (mini-pig). General toxic reactions of the body to the injected samples were absent. A comparative macroscopic and histological analysis of the condition of peri-implant tissues after 39 days of implantation was performed. The connective tissue capsule around the TiNi sample revealed the presence of a certain number of lymphocytes, eosinophils and macrophages, but these indicators decrease in the order of TiNi > AuAg/Pt/TiNi > Ag/Pt/TiNi.Conclusion. The positive effect of modifying the titanium nickelide surfaces with noble metal heterostructures on the biocompatibility of metal implants was demonstrated in an in vivo experiment.

Background. Metabolic syndrome (MS) with hyperandrogenism comorbidity in women is considered a common concept; however, the contribution of the neuroendocrine regulation system indicators to this in reproductive age remains unclear.The aim. To analyze the activity of neuroendocrine regulation system in women of reproductive age of different ethnic groups with metabolic syndrome associated with hyperandrogenism.Materials and methods. The groups of women with MS of Russian (n = 209) and Buryat (n = 84) ethnic groups and a group of women with MS and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) of Russian (n = 23) and Buryat (n = 10) ethnic groups were formed.Results. In women of reproductive age of the Russian ethnic group with MS and PCOS the study noted higher levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) (p = 0.030), testosterone (Ts) (p = 0.026), free androgen index (FAI) (p < 0.0001), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) (p < 0.0001), and reduced levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (p < 0.0001) in relation to the control; in relation to the group with MS, we discovered increased values of AMH (p < 0.001), Ts (p = 0.030), FAI (p < 0.001), DHEA-S (p < 0.0001), and decreased values of SHBG (p = 0.001). In women of the Buryat ethnic group with MS and PCOS the study recorded increased values of AMH (p = 0.045), Ts (p = 0.002), FAI (p < 0.0001), DHEA-S (p = 0.033), decreased SHBG (p = 0.016) and 17-OH-progesterone (p = 0.027) levels in comparison with the control; in comparison with the group with MS we noted a higher level of DHEA-S (p = 0.006) and a decreased level of SHBG (p = 0.028).Conclusion. Women with metabolic syndrome associated with hyperandrogenism showed more intense changes in the neuroendocrine regulation system relative to control values regardless of ethnicity. In Russian women, the combined syndrome (MS with PCOS) was accompanied by a greater number of hormonal changes compared to the monosyndrome (MS) than in Buryat women. The data obtained indicate the need to assess and control the content of these metabolites in women with MS and PCOS, taking into account ethnicity.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a complex and unresolved problem in pediatric ophthalmology, leading to visual disability. Low birth weight and prematurity are the main risk factors, and they form the basis of clinical recommendations for screening for ROP in all children under 35 weeks of gestational age and weighing less than 2000 g. However, many researchers point to other risk factors that can be divided into maternal, prenatal and perinatal. In this review, we consider maternal diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for ROP. Changes in the retina in premature infants and mothers with diabetes mellitus have some common features, since pathological angiogenesis occurs at the basis of these diseases. In addition, diabetes is a risk factor for preterm birth, and prematurity is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity, including the development of ROP. This suggests that maternal diabetes mellitus may have both direct and indirect effects on the development of ROP. To develop predictive models, an understanding of risk factors for ROP, the pathophysiology of retinal vascular diseases, and diseases of prematurity is necessary.

Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which the level of platelets in the blood decreases and becomes less than 150×109/L. This can lead to an increased risk of bleeding. One of the causes of thrombocytopenia may be medication; its association with the use of more than 300 drugs has now been documented. The pathogenesis of such, drug-induced thrombocytopenia (DITP), is described as a consequence of direct cytotoxic effects of drug on megakaryocytes, which leads to increased platelet destruction in the bloodstream or dysfunctional thrombopoiesis. In the diagnosis of DITP the leading role belongs to the clinical approach: first of all, it is carried out on the basis of data of drug history and a minimum set of laboratory tests, including counting the number of platelets in the blood and determining the clotting time. Since thrombocytopenia may be associated with the risk of serious bleeding, its timely diagnosis is of key importance for determining the tactics of therapeutic intervention. We present a clinical case of DITP, after the combined use of drugs of different groups – statin, xanthine oxidase inhibitor, cytostatic drug of antimetabolite group, non-selective beta- adrenoblocker and two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with different mechanism of action. The described case showed that to avoid polypharmacy in patients with DITP it is necessary to assess hemostatic potential by low-frequency piezotromboelastography, because even in conditions of insufficient platelet count they can provide preserved functional ability to maintain hemostasis.

Objective: to compare the frequency of comorbid diseases in axial psoriatic arthritis (axSpA) and in other variants (OV) of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).Material and methods. We studied 60 patients, 30 with axPsA (15 men and 15 women, mean age – 49.1±10.4 years, disease duration – 12.6±6.9 years) and 30 with OV axSpA (16 men and 14 women, mean age – 42.9±9.7 years, disease duration – 16.30±8.3 years). All patients underwent a standard rheumatological examination. The diagnosis of comorbid diseases was confirmed using ICD-10 codes. The Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and the weighted version of Functional Comorbidity Index (w-FCI) were used to assess comorbidity.Results and discussion. Comparative analysis of the two groups revealed that axPsA patients were older than OV axSpA patients (p

Objective: to investigate feasibility of using ultrasonography (US) to evaluate structural changes of salivary glands (SG) in patients with Sjögren's disease (SD).Material and methods. The study included 159 patients who were examined in V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology from 2016 to 2022 who met V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology 2001, and/or ACR 2012, and/or ACR/EULAR 2016 criteria for SD, and who had not previously received immunosuppressive therapy. All patients underwent a comprehensive classical examination (ophthalmological, dental, immunological) to diagnose SD. Disease activity was determined using ESSDAI index. US of the parotid gland (PG) and submandibular SGs was performed using a GE LOGIQ 9 device, and the images obtained were scored according to the OMERACT SGUS scoring system (SGUS SS).Results and discussion. All SGUS SS scores statistically significantly correlated (p

The article is devoted to the consideration of the script in the modern history of the German literary language, associated with the design of its normative graphics (graphemics), in particular the «font dispute: antiqua vs gothic» in the first half of the 20th century. For a significant period of historical development, the German literary language is marked by «cognitive dissonance» caused in the linguistic consciousness of its speakers by the collision of «conflicting» variants of Latin characters. The parallel use of various graphic variants of writing (diglyph), especially at the stage of the modern history of the German language, is marked by the influence of various extra-linguistic factors (ideology, confessional, cultural differences, national and state policies, etc.). A pressing issue is the consideration of the radical and controversial language policy in the totalitarian Third Reich in 1933–1945. Declaring Fraktur as a «national script», a symbol of identity and the embodiment of basic doctrines (unity of the nation and German-speaking ethnic groups, anti-Semitism, «struggle for culture», the idea of superiority), the National Socialists in 1941, at the stage of reorienting their policy towards «Eurocentrism», declared it replacement of the previously rejected antiqua as «normative German writing». The article provides a critical stage-by-stage analysis of the scenarios of the language policy of National Socialism in the «dispute about graphics», attempts to use a «compromise font» (Futura). Ideologemes associated with this practice are analyzed as lexical markers (Sprachregelung, Kulturkampf, Schrifttum, Judenlettern, deutsche Volksschrift/Normalschrift, etc.). The result of the study was the construction of a model of «font strategy» as a special linguistic-semiotic phenomenon of the language policy of the Third Reich. The conclusions note a peculiar reflection of the «font dispute» in different types of texts of 1933–1945 and in the military discourse of the Third Reich.

The article substantiates the necessity of the national ideology of the modern Russian Federation to be based on adequate representations of most important events of the Soviet period of the country’s history. Russian historiography will inevitably form a system of such representations in the near future. The authors confidently position collectivization of the peasant village as the central of the events in question, showing why the Soviet version of collectivization is approximately as far from the historical truth as the ideological interpretation of the 90s, which arrived to substitute the so-called «Marxism-Leninism». Local history investigations and family chronicles contain one of the principal proofs of this, confirming the consistence of Peasant Studies as a tool for historical and sociological research.

In 1908, George Coats published a paper about a rare form of outer retinopathy with massive exudation. Until today, the causes of the Coats’ disease (CD) has not been revealed and there is no generally accepted model of its pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that the condition could be caused by an infectious process or an inflammatory reaction, but there is no consensus about that. Genetic determinants of CD have not been identified, either. A histological examination of CD revealed “cholesterol fissures”, subretinal exudate, massive gliosis, retinal disorganization, vasodilation and hyalinization, diffuse thickening of retinal capillaries and areas of complete absence of pericytes and vascular endothelium, as well as inflammatory infiltrates. The main component of subretinal exudate is intense cell reaction of the macrophages. A study of the cytokine profile showed an increased concentration of VEGF in the subretinal fluid, the level of IL-6 was significantly higher in adult patients and correlated with the degree of exudative retinal detachment. In the eye fundus of CD patients, vascular telangiectasias followed by exudate deposition in these areas have been revealed. Complications of CD include vasoproliferative tumors, neovascular glaucoma, intraretinal and intraocular hemorrhages, vitreous fibrosis, traction retinal detachment, anterior chamber cholesterolosis. CD treatment includes laser coagulation, cryotherapy, intravitreal administration of glucocorticosteroids and angiogenesis inhibitors. In severe forms and advanced stages of CD, vitreoretinal surgery is resorted to. Enucleation may be necessary in some cases.

Aim: to evaluate the possibility of the MMR-system status, microsatellite instability (MSI) usage in the differential diagnosis of gastric mucosa dysplasia, determination of the gastric adenocarcinoma development risk. Material and methods. The study included gastric mucosa specimens of 75 patients: 25 with high-grade dysplasia, 25 with low-grade dysplasia, 25 were indefinite for dysplasia. Gastrobiopsy specimens were examined histologically, immunohistochemically using mouse monoclonal antibodies (Diagnostic BioSystems, USA) to the MMR system proteins: MLH-1 (clone G168-15, dilution 1:50), MSH2 (clone DBM15.82, dilution 1:100), MSH6 (clone 44, dilution 1:50), PMS2 (clone A16-4, ready to use). MSI was studied with multiplex PCR evaluation of DNA microsatellites (NR-21, NR-24, NR-27, BAT-25, BAT-26) from paraffin sections, their analysis with capillary electrophoresis. The obtained data were processed with the Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft, USA), presented using descriptive, analytical statistics. VOSviewer (1.6.20) was used to visualize the bibliometric analysis. Results. MMR-deficient cases were found in low (2.8 %) and high-grade (2.8 %) dysplasia with the immunohistochemical evaluation of MMR-system proteins in gastric mucosa specimens. In all indefinite for dysplasia cases MMR-system proteins remained unaffected. Three MSI-positive cases (6.5 %) were detected by PCR with two low-grade dysplasia, one high-grade dysplasia cases. All identified cases were also immunohistochemically MSI-positive. Conclusion. Determination of MSI can be used as an auxiliary study within a panel of biomarkers aimed to support the decision-making of a pathologist in the alternative of “indefinite for dysplasia” or “definite dysplasia — obligate precancer”.

Objective. The purpose of the study is to solve the problem of calculating the parameters of a linear regression model based on the joint application of anti-robust estimation methods and maximum consistency between the real and calculated values of the dependent variable in continuous form. Method. The unknown parameters of the model are calculated by reducing the original problem to a linear programming problem. Its solution should not cause computational difficulties due to the significant number of developed effective software tools. Result. The generated linear programming problem has a dimension acceptable for real situations. Conclusion. The results of solving a numerical example indicate the effectiveness of the method proposed in the work for calculating the parameters of a linear regression model based on the joint application of anti-robust estimation methods and maximum consistency. The final choice of parameter values remains with the model developer.

Background. Acute pancreatitis is recognized as a common disease, occasionally accompanied by the development of local complications that require surgical debridement. Rare complications of pancreatitis may occur in clinical practice, which is one of the reasons for their untimely diagnosis and treatment. Pancreaticopleural fistula and high small bowel obstruction develop in less than 1% of acute pancreatitis cases. Therefore, possible options for management of these complications are considered valuable. Description of clinical cases. The clinical examples, provided in the present paper, describe pancreaticopleural fistula and high small bowel obstruction that develop against the peripancreatic mass in the abdominal cavity. Patient K., 44, was hospitalized to the Regional Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medical Care, Krasnodar Krai, and preliminary diagnosed with bilateral hydrothorax and type II respiratory failure; pleural puncture was performed. Following the extended examination, a clinical diagnosis was made as follows: “Acute necrotic pancreatitis spreading to a pancreatic tail cyst. Reactive double pleurisy”. The postoperative period was indicated with repeated recurrence of right hydrothorax, and pancreaticopleural fistula (diagnosed by measuring amylase activity in the brown fluid effused from the right pleural cavity, which appeared to be 41216 IU/l (not normally determined)). The right pleural cavity and pseudocyst of the pancreatic tail were drained, resulting in obliteration of the pancreatbcopleural fistula. Patient V., 50, was hospitalized and transferred to the surgical department of the Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2, Krasnodar Krai, and diagnosed with “pancreonecrosis, extensive purulent-necrotic peripancreatitis.” The patient underwent puncture-drainage treatment. The postoperative period was complicated by acute small bowel obstruction. Surgical treatment involved Braun enteroesterostomy. The patient recovered. Conclusion. Pancreaticopleural fistula refers to a rare complication of acute pancreatitis, manifested by hydrothorax. Its diagnosis is based on the determination of amylase activity in the effusion. Drainage of the pleural cavity and pancreatic pseudocyst contributes to obliteration of the fistula. The intestinal obstruction, another complication of pancreatitis, requires open surgical treatment when a conservative therapy appears ineffective.

Influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) impose a substantial damage to the population health in the Russian Federation due to their seasonal circulation and predominantly affect young children. A very few data on the cytokine profile, the nonspecific LPO — AOD system and their relationships with clinical characteristics in such diseases in preschool children are available. The aim of this study was to assess the cytokine profile, LPO — AOD system parameters and their relationship with the clinical and laboratory characteristics of diseases in preschool children with influenza and other ARVI. 86 preschool children (3–6 years old) were examined: with an established diagnosis of influenza (n = 31), non-influenza ARVI (n = 28), apparently healthy children (control group (n = 27). All pediatric samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assessing blood serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and cytokines IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, IFNα, IFNγ. Spectrophotometric, fluorometric and enzyme immunoassay methods to assess the state of the “LPO — AOD” system were used. In the group of children with influenza vs other ARVI, a higher incidence of intoxication syndrome was revealed. Cytokine profile in children from both clinical groups compared with control cohort was featured with higher indicators of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory origin. Children with non-influenza ARVI, had increased magnitude of LPO final products in the nonspecific LPO — AOD system along with lowered concentration of fat-soluble vitamins, general antioxidant activity, GSH level, and SOD activity. In the group with influenza, the level of primary and final lipid peroxidation products was increased, whereas that of for retinol,α-tocopherol, and total antioxidant activity was decreased paralleled with higher GSSG and SOD levels. Numerous correlations were noted in the group of children with ARVI: IL-1β/ketones, IL-6/ketones, IL-8/ketones, TNFα/ketones, IL-4/ketones, IFNg/shortness of breath, IFNα/cough, double bonds/fever, double bonds/AST, SO/intoxication, retinol/fever, GSSG/cough. The influenza group differed in the following relationships: IL-4/ketones, IL-4/fever, IFNα/ketones, CDs/AST. It can be concluded that in preschool children with ARVI and influenza, changes in the cytokine profile are accompanied by increased pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, increased intensity of lipid peroxidation reactions along with reduced magnitude of antioxidant factors. In the group with ARVI, there was a relationship between the final toxic products of lipid peroxidation — Schiff bases — and the intoxication index, as well as the presence of protective mechanisms in the form of connections between interferons and disease clinical manifestations. The group with influenza was distinguished by the presence of protective relations, which may have a beneficial effect in the context of developing pathological process. The data obtained will help expand the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms related to immune reactivity and nonspecific lipid peroxidation reactions in preschool patients and formulate appropriate measures for correction.

The article presents an analysis of our own experience in the light of world literature on a wide range of methods for assessing electrical and mechanical cardiac dyssynchrony. Over the past decades, various options have been proposed, ranging from simple and easily performed ones, such as 12-lead electrocardiography, to more complex and expensive methods, such as invasive electroanatomical mapping. Despite promising results, none of the methods has yet become universal, capable of answering all questions. In this regard, the multifaceted process of assessing dyssynchrony continues.

The paper presents new data on the composition of Late Paleozoic terrigenous and volcanogenic-terrigenous rocks of the Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous Tocher formation of the Bagdarin synform (Western Transbaikalia). The authors consider petrographic and lithogeochemical features of the rocks, and clarify the conditions of depositional environment, source area, and tectonic settings that controlled sedimentogenesis. It has been established that terrigenous rocks of the Tocher formation were formed from decomposing igneous and volcanogenic rocks. The petrographic and lithogeochemical characteristics of the Late Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of the Tocher formation make it possible to classify them as greywacke, arkose, tuffaceous and silt sandstones. The distribution of petrogenic oxides, as well as rare and rare-earth elements, together with the results of petrographic studies of thin sections indicate that mixed (felsic, intermediate, mafic) magmatic rocks were decomposed in the source area. The sediments in the first member of the Tocher formation, were predominantly derived from felsic source rocks, and those in the second and third members – from mafic and intermediate source rocks. The Riphean island-arc volcanics of the Usoy and Burom formations, as well as gabbro-diorites and diorites composing the Shaman basement protrusion of the Bagdarin synform, are presumed to be the main source of clastic material. Another source area at that time could be a magmatic arc, as evidenced by the volcanomictic composition of terrigenous clastic rocks and the presence of pyroclastic rocks. The sedimentary complexes of the Tocher formation were formed in a deepening basin adjacent to the volcanic zone. Sedimentation took place in conditions of the continental slope and its foot, against the background of the growth of paleobasin-border uplifts. These conclusions are in agreement with the previous ideas that the Tocher formation accumulated in the geodynamic environment of an active Andean-type continental margin, concurrently to the formation of the Kydzhimite supra-subduction volcanic zone and the Tocher rear trough-fill graywacke turbidite system at the end of the Late Devonian-beginning of the Early Carboniferous between the Siberian Continent and the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.

Aim. To study the microbiome of atherosclerotic plaque biopsies in patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA).Material and methods. In this study, the microbiota profile of 76 atherosclerotic plaque samples obtained during CEA was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA V4 region. The proportion of patients without restenosis included in the study was 20%. The median follow-up of patients was 1,9 years (range, 1,4-2,25).Results. Taxonomic analysis revealed that the plaque microbiome is characterized by a wide diversity of gram-negative bacteria, including bacteria that are widespread in the environment. Bacteria most represented in plaques belong to four following families: Caulobacteraceae, Rhizobiaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae and Weeksellaceae. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) revealed a significantly higher representation of the microbial marker OTU_21, belonging to the Sphingomonadaceae family, in the atherosclerotic plaque microbiome of patients with ≥50% restenosis and Cloacibacterium (OTU_67), belonging to the Weeksellaceae family, in patients with >70% restenosis.Conclusion. The obtained data emphasize the importance of studying the atherosclerotic plaque microbiome and suggest that microorganisms of various origins, including those that have not previously been considered as risk factors, can play a pathogenetic role in both atherogenesis and restenosis.

In recent decades, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become a revolutionary method for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis, especially for patients at high surgical risk. Studies such as PARTNER and SURTAVI have confirmed the non-inferiority or superiority of TAVR compared with surgical aortic valve replacement in various risk categories. Newer technologies, including third-generation valve systems, have improved durability and reduced complications such as paravalvular regurgitation. However, long-term survival data remain limited, especially for younger patients and groups with anatomical peculiarities. International association guidelines have long favored TAVR for older patients, while surgery remains the preferred option for younger patients with low surgical risk. However, the latter point is increasingly being questioned. The article analyzes key studies, discusses current limitations, and highlights the need for long-term data to inform clinical practice. In conclusion, TAVR is a remarkable achievement in interventional cardiology, but its optimal use requires consideration of individual patient factors.

Сучасний світ праці з кожним роком стає все більш глобалізованим і технологічним. Інформація, необхідна для виконання великої кількості робочих завдань, наразі доступна в режимі реального часу через підключення до Інтернету. В свою чергу швидкість і об’єм інформації, на яку має відреагувати (прийняти, обробити/опрацювати, передати) людина на робочому місці за останні десять років виросла в декілька разів. Це не може не впливати на психіко-емоційний стан людини і, звісно, призводить до перевтоми і «професійного вигорання». Ключову роль для підтримки балансу між роботою та особистим життям, збереженням здоров’я працівника відіграє так зване «the right to disconnect» право працівника на відключення. У статті провадиться філософсько-правовий аналіз права працівника на відключення. Зазначається, що розвиток виробництва у XIX‒ХХ століттях актуалізував проблеми трудового відчуження, особистої автономії, прав людини, а також на небезпеці виснаження та відсутності меж між роботою й життям. Погляди філософів цього періоду відображають глибоке усвідомлення ризиків перевантаження, соціального контролю та втрати індивідуальності в умовах індустріального й пізніше інформаційного суспільства. У цій статті розглядаються існуючі закони в деяких розвинутих країнах Європи і світу про право на відключення. Вони відрізняються за охопленими працівниками, вимогами до впровадження та правозастосування. Аналізується вітчизняне трудове законодавство на предмет закріплення права на відключення як складової права працівника на відпочинок. Пропонується визначати зміст терміну «право на відключення» як право працівника мати можливість відключитися від роботи та утримуватися від участі в електронних комунікаціях, пов’язаних з його роботою, таких як електронні листи та повідомлення, дзвінки чи інші форми спілкування, протягом неробочих годин. Зазначається, що обмеження застосування права на відключення дистанційними працівниками є необґрунтованим. Наголошується про необхідність впровадження відповідних доповнень у діюче законодавство в сфері охорони праці та соціального партнерства.

Стаття присвячена дослідженню фінансово-правового забезпечення інвестиційної діяльності за законодавством ЄС. Автор аналізує правові механізми, фінансові інструменти та інституційні засади, які сприяють залученню інвестицій та створенню сприятливого інвестиційного клімату в ЄС. Особлива увага надана дослідженню системи інституцій ЄС, що забезпечують управління, фінансування та реалізацію інвестиційних проєктів, сприяють залученню та ефективному використанню інвестицій. Аналізується роль Європейського інвестиційного банку (ЄІБ) як основного фінансового інституту ЄС, який забезпечує фінансування стратегічних проєктів у різних сферах економіки, включаючи інфраструктуру, енергетику, інновації та підтримку малого та середнього бізнесу. У статті розглядаються ключові положення основних нормативно-правових актів ЄС, що регулюють інвестиційну діяльність, зокрема Договору про функціонування Європейського Союзу. Зазначено, що законодавство ЄС спрямоване на забезпечення правової визначеності, прозорості та передбачуваності для учасників інвестиційного процесу, що сприяє зменшенню інвестиційних ризиків. Автор акцентує увагу на фінансових інструментах, що використовуються для підтримки інвестиційної діяльності, зокрема на програмах, фондах, проєктах та ініціативах ЄС. Вказано, що ці інструменти сприяють стимулюванню приватних інвестицій через використання механізмів співфінансування та надання гарантій. Стаття також містить огляд правових викликів та проблем, які виникають у процесі імплементації фінансово-правових норм ЄС у державах-членах. Зокрема, висвітлюються питання гармонізації національного законодавства з правовими стандартами ЄС, дотримання принципів сталого розвитку та забезпечення фінансової стабільності. В результаті дослідження зроблено висновок про те, що ефективне фінансово-правове забезпечення інвестиційної діяльності в ЄС залежить від збалансованого підходу до регулювання, який враховує як інтереси інвесторів, так і стратегічні цілі ЄС, а також від системної фінансової та військової підтримки України у захисті проти збройної агресії рф. Автор пропонує низку рекомендацій щодо вдосконалення фінансово-правового регулювання інвестиційної діяльності з метою подальшого розвитку єдиного європейського ринку та підвищення його конкурентоспроможності на глобальному рівні.

Вказується, архітектура сучасної держави та її соціально-економічний розвиток базуються на двох основоположних категоріях - конституційному ладі та економічному порядку. Ці категорії утворюють комплексну систему взаємозалежних відносин: з одного боку, норми конституції окреслюють правове поле для економічної діяльності, а з іншого - економічні процеси впливають на втілення конституційних принципів і дотримання прав громадян. У статті досліджується взаємозв’язок між конституційним ладом та економічним порядком як фундаментальними категоріями, що визначають архітектуру сучасної держави. Проаналізовано теоретичні підходи до розуміння сутності конституційного ладу та його співвідношення з категоріями «державний лад» і «суспільний лад». Висвітлено особливості конституційно-правового регулювання економічних відносин та роль конституції у формуванні економічної системи держави. Обґрунтовано, що конституційний лад передбачає не лише формальне конституційне оформлення державно-суспільних відносин, але й обов’язкове визнання державною владою своєї обмеженості правом та суверенного права народу на здійснення влади. Досліджено трансформацію ролі держави в економічній сфері та її відображення в сучасних конституціях, зокрема щодо захисту конкуренції, протидії монополізації, підтримки національного виробника та забезпечення соціальної спрямованості економічної політики. Розглянуто особливості становлення економічної системи України в контексті переходу від планово-командної до ринкової економіки та необхідність формування такої економічної моделі, яка б відповідала національним особливостям. Підкреслено важливість забезпечення балансу між економічною свободою та державним регулюванням, між приватними економічними інтересами та суспільним благом. Визначено, що ефективність конституційно-правового регулювання економічних відносин залежить від врахування національних особливостей та історичних умов розвитку держави при формуванні економічної моделі та механізмів її правового забезпечення.

The incidence of whooping cough is usually higher than the official statistics due to underdiagnosis of the infection, especially in older children. The significant increase in the incidence of measles and whooping cough in recent years has been reflected in the modern problem of mixed infections. We had the opportunity to observe patients with whooping cough combined with measles in a family outbreak in two unvaccinated sisters aged 10 and 13.

Background. The most important achievement in modern medicine is the widespread introduction of assisted reproductive technologies. In Russia, in vitro fertilization has acquired well-known advantages. The use of this method made it possible to solve the problem of infertility for a large number of families and satisfy a woman’s natural need for motherhood. At the same time, the ultimate goal – the appearance of healthy offspring – can only be achieved through the joint efforts of reproductive specialists: clinical and laboratory specialists. The justified purpose of this study was to determine the most significant indicators of the health of newborns in Astrakhan after in vitro fertilization in relation to indicators of maternal health.Materials and methods. The health indicators and developmental characteristics of 109 children born after in vitro fertilization in the city of Astrakhan and the Astrakhan region on the period 2017-2022, as well as the morbidity of their mothers, were studied. Methods of clinical and laboratory examination and modern methods of statistical analysis were used.Results. It has been established that multiple pregnancies after in vitro fertilization are more often observed in women who have a history of a greater number of various pathological conditions, mainly anemia of pregnancy, endocrine diseases accompanied by edematous syndrome and obesity, as well as virus carriage against the background of multiple attempts at fertilization. A certain number of newborns after in vitro fertilization (12.4% from singleton and 18.4% from multiple pregnancies) had somatic pathology, which was accompanied by iron deficiency anemia. However, the relationship between the number of fetuses in pregnancy after in vitro fertilization, the sex of the newborn and the occurrence of early anemia in newborns has not been statistically confirmed.

The paper presents temperature profiles at the depth of a steel billet with a coating of an iron-based amorphous alloy under the pulsed effect of laser radiation. With the action of a constant power heat source, the heat propagation process tends towards a limiting quasi-stationary state. The choice of technological modes of laser radiation exposure with a combination of laser beam scanning speed and radiation power is determined. The depth of the molten layer of the billet material during scanning under the condition of obtaining a high-quality product has been established.

Present study provides data of organochlorine pesticides (DDT, HCH) and polychlorinated biphenyls (28, 52, 155, 101, 118, 143, 153, 138, 180, 207 congener) content in six carp fish from Lake Khanka. Organochlorine compounds are found in all studied samples. HCHs isomers were dominant, constituting on average 70% of all pesticides detected. α-HCH content varied from 8 to 95%. Among DDTs, o,p’- and p,p’-DDE were predominant (on average 10–100 and 15–100%, respectively). PCBs content in all fish samples was primarily presented by low-chlorinated 28 and 52 congeners. Detected isomers evidence on the long-term pollution of Lake Khanka by persistent organic pollutants. Compare to southern China and Croatia, fish from Lake Khanka showed significantly higher levels of accumulation of HCH and lower levels of DDT and PCB. When comparing the data with the requirements of regulatory documents in Russia and China, no cases of exceeding maximum permissible concentrations were identified.

Objective: to develop conceptual provisions of human-centered economy by forming a new approach to the study of the creatosphere as a constituent element of the said economic system in order to develop its management. Methods: analysis, synthesis, content analysis, scheme of contradiction, linear scaling method, minimax normalization. Results: the characteristic of the creatosphere of the human-centered economy is revealed from the viewpoint of satisfying the individual’s needs in creativity; the creatosphere structure is analyzed as an element covering all spheres of the economic system under consideration; the model of homeostasis of the human-centered economy is developed through identifying its elements-opposites (on the one hand – natural and material spheres, services, social sphere, infosphere, digital and cognitive spheres, on the other hand – creatosphere), as well as the model of the basic resource (flow of ideas) and regulator (human needs); the predetermining role of the creatosphere in the development of the said economic system is outlined; the contradictions are revealed at the level of human-centered economy, the resolution of which contributes to the development of an individual and the economic system as a whole. Scientific novelty: it consists in the development of a methodology for assessing the creatosphere and testing it on the Russian subjects. Unlike those available in the literature, the methodology allows comprehensively assessing the creatosphere development as an element that affects the human-centered economy as a whole. The novelty consists also in defining a vector in the creatosphere management based on the formed approach to its research through the upscaling of best regional practices. Practical significance: the results of comprehension of the human-centered economy creatosphere through the scheme of contradictions may serve as a basis for further research in order to build a scientifically sound theory of the said economic system and to form directions for resolving the identified contradictions. The study results are the basis to further define the development level of the Russian human-centered economy in order to develop measures for its effective management.

In modern-day conditions, organizations need to maintain a high standard of quality in order to meet the ever-growing demands of consumers. In this context, the relevance of implementing quality management systems among organizations is increasing over time. However, not all organizations are able to implement this system in their manufacturing facilities due to the complexity of the process. To solve this problem, an algorithm of quality management system implementation has been developed. This algorithm allows gradual implementation of the system in the organization, and this leads to business process optimization, allows organizations to maintain competitiveness and achieve success in a strategic perspective.