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The paper focuses on solving a very important challenge -setting an access to new primary sources on vague regional issues for Russian-speakers. Although the modern Caucasus studies in Russia have a long list of accounts related to Russian authors there seems to be a lack of foreign-based sources. It particularly concerns the early XIX c. - the sources that covered the experience of people before the Russian-British rivalry on the Caucasus. The author scrutinises the diary entries of the British Lieutenant Colonel John Johnson who took off India for Britain in 1817 and made his way trough the Middle East and Caucasus. He put the experience in the diary that had been never translated into Russian. The article focuses on his descriptions of the South frontier routine together with Johnson's conclusions concerning the Caucasus military and civil authorities. The entries include some additional information about the Yermolov's Embassy to Persia, Russian towns and dwelling places in the region, the beauty of the Mountain Caucasus nature and merits of its inhabitancies. He also described the way of travelling through the Caucasus and the quarantine service. The analytic part of the entries shows the positive experience of Russian militaries in setting up the pattern of the territories acquisition within the Empire together with the absorption of the local elites. The experience is shown as an argument for questioning the way the Ost-India Company used to exploit the Subcontinent. Finally, the author generalises the way we can use the European explores accounts on the Orient as a primary source for our studies.

The purpose of the article is to present the importance of the chosen digital postal service’s attributes in shaping its quality in the opinion of young customers at the age of 18-30. The first part contains the theoretical framework of service quality, digital services, postal market and digital competences. Afterwards, the results of anonymous survey have been presented. The study has been conducted among fifty respondents at the indicated age and it consisted of assessing the meaning of nine chosen quality factors on a Likert scale of 1-5. The results contributed to the formulations of conclusions on the validity of chosen determinants of the digital postal service quality for customers at the age of 18-30.

The purpose of the study is the practical application of the SWOT-TOWS analysis as a PDCA cycle in improving the quality of postal services. The first part of the article contains a review of the literature on the issues of service quality in relation to postal services and the characteristics of the selected tool - the PDCA cycle. Then, the results of the research have been presented, i.e. the SWOT-TOWS analysis of the chosen postal operator and its importance in the PDCA cycle to improve the quality of postal services. The analysis has showed that the chosen operator should adopt a conservative operating strategy which means the need to minimize threats by using strengths. In view of these data, actions should be taken to improve the quality of services with particular emphasis on digital postal services.

Aim: To estimate prevalence and intensity of smoking among adult Tyumen citizens by mail questionnaire survey., Materials and Methods: A representative sample of adult population of Tyumen (central district) was randomly selected using the list of the electors. The questioning covered a total of 3200 citizens (8 groups per 400 age- and sex-matched subjects). The response reached 71.5%. Smoking in the population was studied in three aspects: prevalence, intensity and passive smoking., Results: Overall prevalence of smoking was not great (28.8%), but smoking was frequent in women, especially young, was intensive in males of all the age groups. The number of smokers who had quit smoking was small. Passive smoking at jobs was prevalent., Conclusion: The data of the survey indicate difficulties of social adaptation for the studied population who fall under risk to develop cardiovascular diseases.

The information about 5 thousands Russian families with hereditary neuromuscular disorders (HNMD) was collected by means of both different genetic epidemiological methods and authors' own observations. On the basis of this material a computer database MYODYS in Excel 5.0 format was created, which included information about 30 different signs concerning 1920 families from 70 regions of Russia. The study of the data, included in MYODYS, revealed several problems in practical diagnosis of HNMD in Russia. It is necessary to resolve these important problems for correct genetic consulting and treatment. MYODYS database may serve as a basis for elaboration of a special complex programme for long-term support of the families with NNMD in Russia.

Aim: To elucidate attitude of urban population of Tyumen city to own health and compare the knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors in different population groups using postal questionnaire., Materials and Methods: 3200 men and women were included into the lists of population selection, 400 subjects in each group according to the age and sex. 71.5% of those on the lists agreed to take part in the survey., Results: The population knew about the risk factors in the following order: hypercholesterolemia (44.6%), arterial hypertension (74.8%), low physical activity (75.2%), smoking (75.7%), obesity (83.7%), stress (93.7%). The knowledge of the risk factors among persons with higher education was greater than among less educated individuals., Conclusion: Most respondents worried about their health, especially males, understand the importance of preventive approach to cardiovascular diseases, are aware of the major risk factors but they have low trust in public health service.

Grounded and worded concept stresses that the intensity of regulating mechanisms must be taken into account in evaluating the difficulty and intensity of work, criteria of intensity are suggested. Growth of intensity index, centralized administration or considerable number of correlations (above the average on the whole industry) and more synchronized functions during the work improve the intensity of work by one step above the results of the simple physiological evaluation of work intensity.

The laws of the development of tension of the main systems and regulatory mechanisms of the organism of people working both under exposure to occupational factors altogether and to various combinations of ergometric indices of work. Joint action of unfavourable labour conditions (dust, industrial noise, insufficient lighting) and of working process factors (local muscular stress, hardness and tension of labour), as a rule, cause potentiation of unfavourable changes in the functional status of the organism. In the majority of occupational groups the factors studied predetermine in 76-96% of cases changes in the functional state of the major systems of the workers' organism.

The improvement of health status of post-office workers along with identifying the leading causes of morbidity is an urgent task. The analysis of morbidity according to medical examination data and temporary disability showed the prevalence of nervous diseases among sorters of postal wrappers and letters, circulatory diseases among sorters of printed matter and operators of communication service, musculoskeletal diseases among sorters of postal parcels and wrappers. The deducted equations of multiple regression permitted to establish the impact of medico-social and industrial factors on the development of certain groups of diseases. The greatest impact of industrial factors on the development of morbidity (61-66 percent) was found among sorters of postal wrappers and operators of communication service, whose labour was regarded as hard and strenuous work. High prevalence of neurotic reactions, hypertensive disease, occupational diseases of the bones and organs of movement was found among workers of this branch. The cause-and-effect association between morbidity and industrial factors permitted to substantiate the system of health promoting activities.

In the non-organized population of males and females aged 30 to 50 years who live on the territory served by a Tbilisi district polyclinic, the authors have examined the possibilities of applying the WHO questionnaire sent by mail to the detection of angina pectoris, to the establishment of prevalence of arterial hypertension and smoking and the people's awareness of the presence of coronary heart disease. It has been shown that the questionnaire may assist the physician in detecting patients with exercise-associated angina, establishing the priorities of inviting patients for screening to the polyclinic, forming a follow-up group. The high prevalence of arterial hypertension was found among males (24.2%) and females (31.2%). The low awareness of patients with angina on having coronary heart disease was also ascertained, which was being 30.7%.

Basing on the physiological and hygienic research performed after a series of prophylactic measures, it was established that the introduction of rational working conditions in combination with physically active rest influences most postively the functional neuro-muscular state of upper extremities in telephone operators and mail sorters, and has a positive bearing on the hemodynamic indices, CNS and regulatory mechanisms status of operators and mail sorters.