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Neuroimmunoendocrine regulation of the thyroid gland involves the use of autoantibodies as regulatory molecules to stimulate or reduce the activity of the tissues of the organ itself. A huge number of regulatory signal molecules and factors, acting directly or indirectly, often plays a much more significant role, both in ensuring normal activity and in pathological processes. In this regard, it was interesting for us to determine the possible effect of dopamine at its various concentrations in the blood on the levels of thyroglobulin and antibodies to thyroid antigens. A survey of 110 men and 206 women aged 22 to 75 years who were born and lived in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and had no diseases of the endocrine and immune system was conducted. Dopamine concentrations were determined in blood plasma, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (TG), antibodies to thyroperoxidase (at-TPO) and thyroglobulin (at-TG) in serum. Higher concentrations of thyrotropin and thyroglobulin and lower concentrations of at-TG and at-TPO were shown with increasing dopamine levels from undetectable values to normative and excess levels. We explain this by the influence of dopamine on a-adrenoreceptors of antibody-producing cells and changes in the secretion of immunoglobulins class G, subclasses of which include at-TG and at-TPO. The appearance of different from zero values of autoantibodies concentrations in themselves, we associate with the negative impact of the conditions of the North and the prenosological state of the organism. Their higher values in women with low levels of dopamine can be explained by the lack of its immunomodulatory activity., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

High requirements for macro- and micronutrients of the organism of a pregnant woman living in the Far North are associated with the influence of extreme factors of high latitudes, and the needs of the mother and the growing fetus. Only the products of the unique food culture of the Arctic people - the Nenets, make it possible to meet the emerging needs. The aim of the work was to study the impact of traditional nutrition on the reproductive health of Nenets women living in the Arctic zone of Western Siberia. Material and methods . 619 indigenous inhabitants (Nenets) of the Yamal, Nadym and Taz districts of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug at the age of 18-65 years were examined. The influence of the type of nutrition (traditional or imported products) on reproductive health indicators (the number of pregnancies, the number of children, the number of spontaneous abortions, frequency of gestosis, threats of termination of pregnancy, operative deliveries) for the period 2013-2018 was studied by analyzing official statistics and by questioning of the female population in own research. Results . The consumption of traditional products (venison, local fishery products, at least 3 times a week) by Nenets women was more often accompanied by a normal physiological course of pregnancy and childbirth (75.2 versus 64.2%, χ 2 =8.7; p=0.003). It led to a 1.5-fold decrease in the frequency of complications during pregnancy (gestosis, the threat of abortion) (χ 2 =5.8; p=0.01) and a 20% decrease in the frequency of delivery by cesarean section (χ 2 =16.6; p<0.001). As a result, a family whose diet was dominated by traditional products had a statistically significantly larger number of children (per child). Conclusion . The preservation of the consumption of reindeer and river fishery products by indigenous women will contribute to the sufficient intake of macro- and micronutrients, that will make it possible to gestate and give birth to a healthier generation of the Nenets society., Competing Interests: The authors declare no overt and potential conflict of interest related to the publication of this article., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

Positive changes in the society led to an improvement in quality and lifetime; as a result the menopause in women lengthens much longer, in light of this the relevance of studying hormonal changes increases, especially among the representatives of different groups living in the Arctic territories. The study was carried out on 138 women who included nomadic and settled aboriginal and local Caucasoid postmenopausal populations, permanently residing in the Arctic territories of Russia. The greatest difference in the studied blood indicators was shown between the local Caucasoid and aboriginal population. A greater imbalance in the content of dopamine in Aborigines compared with the European population was combined with a higher levels of prolactin, sex hormone binding globulin, antisperm antibodies and with lower concentrations of lutropine, progesterone, total and free testosterone. In the settled aboriginal population compared with nomadic one there were shown the larger proportion of people with low levels of dopamine, lutropine, follitropin and high levels of prolactin, sex hormone binding globulin in the presence of increased number of feedbacks in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system, which suggested more pronounced reduction of its activity. The evident imbalance of the dopamine content in the aboriginal population was combined with the absence of connections between dopamine level and the parameters of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system. Positive correlation between the contents of dopamine and lutropin in the European population suggested the stimulating effect of dopamine on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system. Affected by imbalanced dopamine content the decreased activity of gonadotropic pituitary gland function as well as the peripheral part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system was registered in the aboriginal Arctic population in comparison with the local European one, which was more pronounced in the settled aboriginals., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Aim: To study the frequency of respiratory symptoms among the reindeer herders of the Yamal region in the Far North of Russia. We conducted a cross-sectional study of the occurrence of respiratory symptoms among 500 subjects of the tundra Nenets population (28.1% of the adult Nenets population in the district), of which 38.3% were men and 61.7% women (average age 40.1 years). All patients were matched for age and occupation. Medical examination was carried out by a pulmonologist with the use of the GARD questionnaire (WHO, 2004) and spirometry. Spirometry was performed with a SpiroUSB device (UK) according to a unified standard and the criteria of ATS/ERS 2005. The frequency of respiratory symptoms among the tundra population was estimated at 71.8%. Cough with expectoration and dyspnea were found in 22.8% of the respondents. 70.0% of the examined subjects worked in the cold, 33% were exposed to the open flame at home, and 34.4% smoked. Respiratory symptoms developed in 16.3% of those working in the cold and in 37% exposed to open fire. The combination of such complaints as cough and sputum production occurred in smokers twice as frequently as in non-smokers (54.1%) (p<0.01).The combination of such complaints as cough and sputum production was twice as likely note in his those who smoked (54.1% vs 20.2%) (p<0.01). The combination of these problems dyspnea was three times more common in the smokers (23,3%vs 7,3%) (p<0.001). At presence at patients of such a factor as work in the cold and the absence of other only 16.3% of them have respiratory symptoms. When using at home the open flame and the absence of other factors leading up 37.0% of the individuals with symptoms of chronic bronchitis. Cough, sputum and dyspnea are formed only among 26.3% of the smokers face when smoking is the only risk factor. If the surveyed residents of all three negative factors respiratory symptoms met at 62.1%. Disorders of respiratory function according to spirometry were not observed in none of the study participants. Respiratory symptoms developed in 62.1% of the subjects exposed to all three risk factors. External respiration indices remain normal in all he examine subjects. It is concluded that residents of the Far North frequently suffer respiratory symptoms without disorders in the external respiratory function. In most cases they associated with three factors (work in the cold, exposure to open fire at home, and smoking). Compensatory stimulation of lung functions may create additional difficulties for diagnostics of bronchial obstruction.

The examination was applied to the groups of nomadic, settled aboriginal and local Caucasian population of the Arctic, permanently residing in the North. The study was carried out in the same period of the year - the period of increasing of duration of daylight hours. The study covered 253 individuals aged from 21 to 50 years. Despite differences in life-style of nomadic and settled aborigines, the similar signs were established consisting in the higher functional activity of hypophyseal section of the "hypophysis - thyroid" system against the background of lower content of auto-antibodies to thyroid peroxidase under increasing of the level of dopamine in blood as compared with local Caucasian population of the Arctic. The variation of analyzed parameters in aboriginal population depending on life-style also is demonstrated. So, nomadic aboriginal population is characterized by higher content in blood of global and free fractions of triiodothyronine, lower index of peripheral conversion of iodothyronines, increasing of level of dopamine and adenosine mono-phosphate. In case of settled aboriginal population increasing of content of global and free thyroxine is typical. In case of nomadic aborigines an expressed dissonance in content of iodothyronines is established: shifting of limits of variations of global and free triiodothyronine aside of higher bounds of standard at shifting of limits of variations of free fractions of thyroxine aside lower bounds of standard. The positive correlation relationships are registered between content of dopamine, thyroid hormones and adenosine mono-phosphate are registered. They are more expressed nomadic aboriginal population., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The paper gives the data of examination of 1333 residents from different areas of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. The examination has demonstrated that oxidative process increase from south to north and from west to east, antioxidative defense becoming weaker.

The authors revealed peculiarities of arterial hypertension in automobile drivers working in Far North and subjected to variety of occupational hazards, so this disease could be considered occupational entity. Facts show that work conditions of automobile drivers in Far North deteriorate course of arterial hypertension and increase importance of risk factors in its prevalence.

The authors present their personal results of surgical treatment of hydrocele in 163 elderly and senile patients according to modified Alferov's operation. Good long-term results were obtained.

The authors have observed 203 patients at the age of 75-87 with acute coronary insufficiency, 34 patients died on the 6th-8th days of treatment. In 22 of them death was caused by myocardial infarction, in 12--by clinically unrecognized peritonitis. A retrospective analysis of hemostasis was made on admission of the patients to the hospital and on the 5th day of treatment. In the initial state all the patients had the activated system of blood coagulation and the depressed system of anticoagulation. On the 5th day those who later died from peritonitis had had considerably decreased activity of the anticoagulating system of blood. The cause of unrecognized peritonitis in elderly and senile patients with acute coronary insufficiency is thought to be thrombogenesis in microvessels of the intestine.

The content of 25 mineral elements in roots and rhizomes of Sanguisorba oficinalis stored up in Kemerovskaja region were determined by the method of spectral emission and atomic-absorption spectroscopy. The data are important hygienic criteria for quality of raw materials. The content of Cu and Pb does not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations adopted in this country for these elements. The relatively high concentrations of some elements observed in separate samples reflect ecological conditions of growing place of this plant.

Under analysis are results of pancreatoduodenal resections in 71 patients. In patients with mechanical jaundice lymph drainage with sorption and return of lymph into the vascular bed was used during the preoperative preparation. Occlusion of the duct system of the pancreas stump with glue KL-3 was performed on 62 patients, in 9 patients choledochocholecysto-anastomosis was used in order to improve the quality of the biliodigestive opening. A cryoprocedure on the nonremoved portion of the tumor was performed in 3 cases on the posterolateral surface of the portal vein. These measures allowed the postoperative lethality to be reduced up to 11.2%.

Hemostasis has been studied over time in 137 patients with renal cancer. Of these, 69 underwent surgery only, 68 received combined treatment with preoperative large fractionation radiotherapy. It has been established that renal cancer development in the body stimulates intravascular blood coagulation (IVBC). In the patients with renal cancer who were radiation treated, IVBC activation was more noticeable than in those who had surgery only. To prevent IVBC activation and the development of the DIVC-syndrome, it is proposed to prescribe deaggregates in the period of preoperative therapy and heparin in the postoperative period.

Hemocoagulation status as well as that of non-enzymatic fibrinolysis and microcirculation were studied in 137 cases of T2--3NxMo urinary bladder cancer before and at various stages after segmental resection of the bladder. 75 patients were operated on under peridural anesthesia (group I) and 62--under endotracheal one (group 2). Postoperative blood anticoagulative function disorders were found to be less pronounced in group I.

The mechanism of hemocoagulation before, during and after combined therapy was studied in 47 cases of testicular tumor. Thrombophilia was suggested by the basal level of hemocoagulation. All patients received a course of combined therapy which included surgery, telegammatherapy and polychemotherapy. In the course of treatment, all patients revealed a decrease in the coagulative properties of blood which manifested itself in hemorrhages in 7 cases. After therapy, blood coagulation indexes did not vary much from normal. This is believed by the authors to be an indication of the efficacy of the treatment.

Retrospective evaluation of the state of hemostasis in 20 patients dying with pulmonary artery thromboembolism (PATE) after combined treatment of renal carcinoma (10) and urinary bladder carcinoma (10) was performed. The signs of intravascular blood coagulation (IVBC) in the initial condition were determined in all the patients. After a course of pre-operation actin therapy with large fractions (totally 20 g) activation of IVBC was observed both in renal and urinary bladder carcinoma. In the postoperation period, on the day of PATE development in patients with renal carcinoma the state of hemostasis corresponded to stage I of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. In patients with urinary bladder carcinoma after operation the state of hemostasis corresponded to stage II of DIVC-syndrome with signs of local hemorrhage of the urinary bladder wound. The therapy of this condition with fibrinolysis inhibitors (aminocaproic acid) with hemotransfusion without heparin facilitated thrombus formation in these patients in deep pelvic veins followed by PATE.

An analysis of results of treatment of 163 children with acute diseases of the scrotum organs for five years has been made. The authors consider that urgent surgery for acute diseases parallel with establishing more precise localization of the process is a good pathogenetic treatment, prevents the appearance of disturbances of all the testicle functions, first of all the spermatogenic function, excludes an obliteration of the deferent duct, considerably shortens staying at the hospital and is not followed by complications.

Altogether 106 patients with bladder carcinoma (Stage T3NxMo) after combined treatment were followed-up for 5 yrs. Nicotinic acid and aspirin at common doses were administered to 51 patients (the 1st group) during pre- and post-operative radiation therapy. The other 55 patients (the 2nd group) did not receive these drugs. Relapses were noted in 33.3% of the patients of the 1st group and in 76.3% of the patients of the 2nd group. The 5-year survival in the 1st group was 72.5% and in the 2nd group 27.4%. The administration of nicotinic acid and aspirin to patients during pre- and postoperative gamma-beam therapy was shown to raise the body antitumor resistance.