Search

The Aim of the Study: To study the frequency and structure of the incidence of facial furuncle in military personnel of St. Petersburg and Leningrad region and civilians. To conduct a comparative analysis of the nature of the course, duration and outcome of the disease in military personnel and civilians (according to case histories)., Material and Methods: From 5744 case histories of patients with purulent-inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial region treated at the clinic of the Department of ChLH and Surgical Dentistry of the Kirov Medical University and St. Petersburg State Medical Institution «City Hospital No. 15» from 2017 to 2019, 201 case histories of patients with facial furuncle were isolated and analyzed., Results: According to the results of a study conducted from 2017 to 2019 in the clinic of the Department of CHLH and surgical Dentistry, a facial furuncle was detected in 65 cases. In the general structure of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region, it was 3.1%. In the department of ChLH GB No. 15, 136 people were treated, which amounted to 3.7%. A lower percentage of the disease in military personnel is associated with early detection and timely initiation of treatment of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the skin. Weekly inspections of military personnel in military units, allow to avoid the development of complicated forms of their course. 95.0% of military personnel (47.0% of them contractors) and 51.0% of civilians were in the age group from 17 to 21 years. The main cause of the disease - hypothermia - in military personnel was 32.1%, in civilians - 20.9%. More often, the furuncle disease occurred in the spring: in military personnel in 44.6%, in civilians in 30.7% of cases. Localization of a boil in the buccal region occurred in military personnel in 15.4% of cases, and in civilians - in 20.8% of cases., Conclusion: To prevent the disease of facial frunculus in military personnel, it is necessary to improve methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of patients, to provide consultations of related specialists: dermatovenerologist, endocrinologist, immunologist. In addition, it is necessary to observe the rules of personal hygiene with the use of individual skin care products (according to the type of facial skin), hardening of the body and vitamin therapy.

Aim: To determine the correlation between interleukin 28B (IL28B) gene polymorphism in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), the presence or absence a rapid virologic response to antiviral therapy, and a number of immunological characteristics as a basis for a personalized approach to treating the patients., Subjects and Methods: Seventeen CHC patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b were examined and underwent genetic testing for IL28B gene polymorphism for rs12979860 (CC, CT or TT genotypes) and rs8099917 (TT, TG or GG genotypes) using the modified method of adjacent samples, which revealed single nucleotide substitutions in the genes. Their immunological parameters were identified by a flow cytometry technique by taking into account whether a rapid virologic response had been achieved., Results: The key phenomena of a rapid virologic response in the representatives of different IL28B genotypes are the nonspecific proliferative activity of blood natural killer cells before treatment, as well as the count of regulatory T cells before and 4 weeks after therapy start., Conclusion: To predict the efficiency of antiviral therapy for CHC, it is desirable to supplement genetic studies with immunological data.

Aim: to define a role of hepatotropic (HAV, HBV, HCV, and HDV) and opportunistic hepatotropic (HGV, CMV, EBV, HHV types 1, 2, and 6) viruses in the etiological pattern of diseases accompanied by enhanced blood AlAT and AsA T activities in pregnant women., Subjects and Methods: Two hundred and eleven pregnant women, including 123 patients with chronic viral hepatitis, 74 with enhanced blood AlAT activity and no markers of viral hepatitis (EAlA T-NMVH), and 14 with acute viral hepatitis were examined., Results: Most pregnant women with chronic HBV and HCV infections were found to have HBV DNA and HCV RNA in the blood in the presence of normal and enhanced activities of transaminases. In the EAlAT-NMVH group, there was none of the opportunistic hepatotropic viruses in more than 7% of cases. No genetic material of HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HGV, CMV, EBV, HHV types 1, 2, and 6 was found in the blood of all 10 patients with hepatitis of unspecified etiology., Conclusion: In the absence of serologic data supporting the presence of infectious pathology, blood testing using the polymerase chain reaction is of low informative value in detecting opportunistic hepatotropic viruses in pregnant women with hepatitis of unspecified etiology. However, by keeping in mind that the spectrum of opportunistic hepatotropic viruses is not confined to those included in this study, it is expedient to examine additionally pregnant women with enhanced blood AlAT and AsAT activity in order to identify TTV, B19V, HHV-8, SEN and NV-F in the blood.

Aim: To examine ability of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) of the bone marrow (BM) for differentiation in adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in donors and patients with aplastic anemia (AA)., Material and Methods: We obtained MSC cultures from BM cells of donors and AA patients and induced differentiation of mesenchymal cells with use of relevant reagents. Morphological changes in MSC were studied with light microscopy. A relative level of expression of differentiation marker genes in MSC cultures before and after induction of differentiation was analysed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction., Results: By morphological characteristics, MSC cultures in AA patients before and after differentiation induction do not differ from donor cultures, but relative expression of the genes of differentiation markers demonstrated that expression was different in male and female donors; MSC before and after induction of differentiation differ in donors and AA patients., Conclusion: Further studies are needed for detection of functional changes in precursors of stromal microenvironment and understanding of the disease pathogenesis.

The straight line nucleic acids detection method of viruses and wide spectrum of virus antigens immunodiagnostics in acute hepatitis of unknown etiology patients has allowed verifying the diagnosis at 19% cases (a viral hepatitis A, C or E). Results of research do not allow to consider hepatotropic viruses HGV, TTV, PV B19, EBV, CMV, HHV 1, 2, 6 and 8 type, NV-F as etiological agents at the majority of patients of investigated group, and the data of the anamnesis and a clinical and laboratory picture of a current of disease does not allow to exclude at 29.4% of patients a drug-induced hepatitis. Despite detailed molecular-biological and immunological inspection of patients, at 37.9% of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology patients it was not possible to establish a connection with hepatitis and defined etiological factor (the infectious agent).

Aim: To evaluate expression of genes participating in regulation of hemopoietic stem cells (HSC) in the cells of stromal sublayer of bone marrow long-term cultures in patients with aplastic anemia (AA); to determine effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on stromal microenvironment and on its ability to maintain HSC homeostasis., Material and Methods: Gene expression in the sublayer of the adherent cells (SAC) was examined with RT-PCt. SAC was for a long time treated with PTH, then their ability to secure survival of early hemopoietic precursors was tested. Changes in the function of stromal cells and expression of some genes were compared in 9 AA patients and 14 donors., Results: Stromal sublayer of AA patients is characterized by low expression of Ang-1 and VCAM-1 genes and high VEGF expression compared to mean level of healthy donors. PTH stimulates expression of different genes participating in HSC regulation in stromal cells of some patients and improves survival of early hemopoietic hemopoietic precursors on such sublayers., Conclusion: AA patients have severe defects in SAC interaction with stroma. In some cases the defects can be partially compensated with application of PTH.

In cultures of S. pyogenes isolated from patients and carriers in different territories of the Russian Federation the genes of erythorogenic toxins A, B and C (speA, speB and specC) were detected. The possibility of the identification of S. pyogenes by means of PCR on the basis of primers to erythrogenic toxin B was determined. Gene speB was detected in all S. pyogenes cultures under study and proved to be species specific. Genes speA and speC were detected, respectively, in 29.4% and 9.35% of the S. pyogenes cultures under study. A test system for the identification of S. pyogenes on the basis of primers to gene speB was developed. The prospects for the detection of genes speA and speC for intraspecific typing of this infective agent were evaluated.

The purpose was to state correlation between insulin-dependent metabolic disorders and efficiency of intensive operator's work. The investigation included 12-hr mission on a flight simulator performed by 50 normal (aged 23-36) flight-qualified pilots. Increase in the number of erroneous actions was in direct correlation with insulin (r = 0.74, p < 0.01) and in reverse correlation with glucose incretion (r = -0.594, p < 0.01) and STH (r = -0.90, p < 0.006). Metabolic tests (glucose and insulin) showed that psychoemotional loading due to the intensive operator's duties led to early fatigue and sharp straining of tissue structures in people with dysregulatory disorders in insulin metabolism. The psychoemotional loading may also provoke dysregulatory disorders and development of insulin-dependent disturbances.

A polymorphic 750-bp fragment, RAPD marker, specific to particular pea genotypes (line L-111 and the Nord cultivar) was identified. Using this RAPD marker, SCAR was obtained. SCAR inheritance in the first and second generations was studied and its dominant character was shown.

Biochemical criteria of the fat loading test (FLT) were established and the search for interrelations between FLT biochemical variables and physiological parameters of dynamic physical testing (bicycle ergometry) was conducted in the experiment with participation of male volunteers. Relative gain in glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol concentrations in blood, atherogenicity factor and insulin decrease after 3-hr FLT and reduction in blood concentrations of total cholesterol, insulin, hydrocortisone and testosterone after 9-hr FLT were ranked as reliable criteria. Rise in blood glucose and decrease in blood insulin after 3-hr FLT, and decrease in serum testosterone after 9-hr FLT were found to have prognostic value. Correlation between the FLT biochemical variables and physiological parameters as well as the package of regression analysis equations allow prediction for physical endurance. Yet, analysis of the correlation suggested that desensitization to insulin of the cell membrane cells should be a pathogenic mechanism of physical endurance decrement.

The model of static physical loading (SPL) was used to study the biochemical effects of graded static tension and potentiality for pharmacological mobilization of physical endurance with participation of male volunteers. A close pathogenetic linkage between the established metabolic effects of the model and their adaptive adequacy to the stressing factor show that there is every reason to arrange the observed shifts in a SPL syndrome. The SPL syndrome is primarily manifested by exaggerated tone of the adrenoactive structures, inhibition of insulin production by the pancreas, activation of the neuropeptide anti-stress mechanisms, predominant utilization of the lipid substrate in energy production, intensification of protein catabolism, and increase in myocyte membrane permeability due to energy deficit. The investigation demonstrated that improvement of static physical endurance can be attained with a mobilizing stimulator (sidnocarb) and a combination of sidnocarb with a nonmediatory preparation (bemytil). This pharmacological combination levels side-effects of exorbitant activation of the adrenal system. On the contrary, a metabolic vitamin-microelements complex ("cocktail C") perceivably enhances SPL endurance (sidnocarb dose was lowered in three times), possesses the stress-protective effect, the ability to moderate the intensity of free (uninvolved in phosphorylation) oxidation and to optimize energy-plastic processes with predominant utilization of the lipid substrate.

Effects of various periods of acoutic noise on the dynamics of insular indices and associated biochemical parameters were studied in 22 male volunteers aged 20-25. On a balance, experimental and literary data suggest that acoustic noise can increase insulin in blood and cause, during prolonged chronic exposure, development of insulin resistance. At the same time, in individuals with signs of insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia tolerance for the factors of flying activity was reduced; thus, insulin resistance may be considered a premorbid background for metabolic shifts and symptoms of stressogenic illnesses in a delayed period. Changes revealed in the study can be used as biochemical criteria of unfavourable effects of acoustic noise.

Consideration is given to the possibility and mechanisms of insulin resistance as a function of human tolerance to hyperthermia. Poor tolerance of hyperthermia was observed in persons with initially altered metabolism. Administration of sugar test by these persons revealed high levels of insulin incretion and low insulin reactivity of tissues or insulin resistance. Negative effects of extended period of hyperthermia that may bring about pathologic pancreatic changes even in essentially healthy persons are reviewed. Following LCE and rehabilitative therapy, 60% of aviators were medically certified without change in fitness category.

Using Fura-2 microfluorimetry, phenylarsine oxide (PAO) (10-50 microM), a potent tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, was shown to induce a dose-dependent increase in the free Ca2+ intracellular concentration in rat peritoneal macrophages and human foreskin fibroblasts. The PAO-induced increase in [Ca2+]i is not due presumably to depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores but to mainly a stimulation of Ca2+ entry from the extracellular medium. This PAO-activated Ca2+ entry is attenuated by the following pharmacological agents. Organic and inorganic Ca2+ channel blockers: (nifedipine, verapamil and Ni2+); nonselective cation channel blocker niflumic acid; tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein and methyl-2,5-dihydroxycinnamate; SH-reagents dithiothreitol parachloromercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide; arachidonic acid metabolism inhibitors 4-bromophenacyl bromide, indomethacin and caffeic acid; microtubule disrupters vinblastine, colchicine and colcemide. On the contrary, microfilament disrupters, cytochalasin B and phalloidin, enhance PAO-activated Ca2+ entry. Our data suggest that the dynamic balance between tyrosine kinase and phosphatase activity may play a central role in the maintenance of homeostatic levels of [Ca2+]i both in unstimulated cells and after agonist application.

The effect of organic and inorganic blockers of voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-channels on thapsigargin- and UTP-induced store-operated Ca(2+)-entry in Fura-2-loaded rat peritoneal macrophages was investigated. This store-dependent or "capacitative" Ca2+ influx stimulated by emptying the intracellular Ca(2+)-stores with endoplasmic Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin (0.5 microM) or purinergic agonist UTP (200 microM) is inhibited by the following pharmacological agents: two structurally distinct organic Ca(2+)-channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil; inorganic Ca(2+)-channel inhibitors Ni2+, La3+, Gd3+; nonselective cation channel blocker niflumic acid. Our data suggest that store-operated Ca2+influx channels of rat peritoneal macrophages share pharmacologic properties with L-type Ca(2+)-channels. Similar to trp-channels of Drosophila, they may resemble L-type Ca(2+)-channels lacking a voltage sensor.

Dynamics of correlations between the absolute values and individual changes in adrenoception of erythrocytes and insulinemia was studied in 17 patients with hypertension (II stage) prior to and after 2-month treatment by calcium antagonists. Clear correlation is observed between the sensitivity of alpha- and beta- adrenoceptors and reduction of insulinemia after treatment with calcium antagonists (r = -0.77, p < 0.05). The effect of heterologous sensitization of cell membranes on metabolism in patients suffered with hypertonia after their treatment with calcium antagonists are discussed.

The immunological and biochemical parameters were studied in patients with Stage II hypertensive disease (HD) before and 2 months after course treatment with calcium antagonists of the dihydropyridine series (siscor and nitrepine). The metabolic mechanisms of the therapeutical action of these drugs were found to affect all specific features of the immune and biochemical status typical of hypertensives. One should identify the priority links which are unambiguously positive and the next links which rank to them, i. e. those manifested themselves in impaired adaptive processes whereby the sick body ensures protection from the disease. The priority links include reduction of hypercortisole- and insulinemia, increase in incretion of testosterone to the reference values, stabilization and sensitization of cellular membranes, decrease of beta 2-microglobulinemia, as well as moderate activation of the immune system and mechanisms of protein synthesis in the cells. The latter links comprise a drop of alpha-cholesterol (HDL) in persistent hypertriglyceridemia, additional tension of hepato- and cardiomyocytic functions, a tendency to cell aging and, partially, reversion of the established sexual hormone ratio.

The purpose of the studies is to design the recombinant virus SV 40 where the C-end of the basic structural protein of virus P-1 was replaced by a synthetic sequence of the neuropeptide bradykinin. The recombinant virus SV (SV 40/Brd) was obtained. In this virus 60 n.p. with 3'-end of VP-1 gene was substituted for 36 n.p. synthetic gene of bradykinin without impairing the frame of translation. The biological activity of SV 40 (Brd) was tested on the cultured cells CV-1 permissive for this virus. An immunofluorescence method was used to detect T antigen and to examine the cytopathic action of this recombinant. The gene engineering design does not make the recombinant loose its biological properties typical of wild virus.

Fourteen airworthy men, aged 19-20 yrs., participated in the experiments aimed at studying a prognostic significance of biochemical and hormonal parameters in evaluation of human tolerance to acute hypoxic hypoxia. Altitude chamber experiments were performed to study the tolerance to hypoxia by "ascending" the test subjects to an altitude of 6 to 7 km. It is found that under extreme hypoxic environments, of particular significance is an individual strategy of the adaptive responses and primarily an activity and adequacy of mobilization processes of energy resources in the preliminary and initial stages of an exposure. Of great value are the potential causes for maintaining the vascular tone. The use of a proposed discriminant function analysis for evaluating and predicting the tolerance to hypoxia is recommended.

Under conditions of a prolonged emotional stress, disturbed regulation of blood sugar level was encountered along with a reduction of the thymus mass in 85.7 of animals. Diminution of the adaptational properties of the organism in such conditions is revealed during a sugar load. Preventive administration of thyroid-releasing hormone in the studied stress reaction makes it possible to maintain the compensatory reserves against the glucose load test.

A study was performed in which 16 healthy volunteers, aged 25-40 years, worked in a two-dimensional tracking simulator and breathed a mixture containing 9-12% oxygen. This led to a higher incretion of cortisol, insulin, somatotropin, a greater renal excretion of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and a higher content of cAMP in lymphocytes, plasma and urine. The subjects with a higher insulin in plasma and renal excretion of catecholamines showed a longer time of tolerance to the above exposure which varied from 50 to 120 min. The high tolerance was combined with a greater activity of the sympathoadrenal system, incretion of cortisol and cAMP in lymphocytes. A significant correlation was demonstrated between cAMP in the above environments both before and after exposure.

Changes of the beta 2-microglobulin concentration in blood and urine were measured in response to static and bicycle ergometry tests. In both cases, the concentration of beta 2-microglobulin in urine increased. A higher level of its renal excretion was seen in stable subjects before and after the tests. This relationship was also seen in patients with neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type. Possible mechanisms of these reactions are discussed.

Extracorporeal radioimmune techniques were employed to study gonadotropic and sex hormones renin and beta 2-microglobulin in patients with nephrotic glomerulonephritis. The hypophyseal and gonadal system showed alterations which were dependent on the disease gravity. The level of renin and beta 2-microglobulin correlated first of all with renal function.

After experiencing a conflict situation once or daily for 5 days, rats were divided into a group resistant to stress and a group predisposed to stress according to the post-stress involution of the thymus. Changes in biochemical values were revealed in emotional stress. Significant drop in the blood insulin level, a high cAMP/cGMP ratio level, and reduction of the beta 2-microglobulin level and the level of circulating immune complexes were found. The preparation PR-546 caused an increase of the insulin level in intact and experimental rats, which, however, did not lead to diminution of the stress reaction.

It was shown that the content of beta-2-microglobulin in rat blood serum decreased and that of hydrocortisone increased at early times after gamma-irradiation.

This review discusses the use of parameters of prostaglandin metabolism as criteria of human body resistance to adverse environmental effects. The paper presents observations indicating involvement of prostaglandins in responses to stress, hypoxia and ischemia. It is shown that the primary response to such effects as ionizing radiation, microwave radiation, noise, vibration, exercise, microgravity is usually characterized by increases in the concentration of most prostaglandins in organs and tissues. Development of extreme states and diseases leads to dysbalance of major prostaglandins. Knowledge of the changes involved may help improve diagnostic approaches and reliable use of prostaglandin-based drugs, their activators and inhibitors for therapeutic purposes.