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Aim – to investigate the associations of rs3134069, rs4355801 and rs3102735 polymorphisms in the TNFRSF11B gene with knee osteoarthritis in postmenopausal women. Material and methods. 483 postmenopausal women were examined, including 157 patients with knee osteoarthritis. The remaining 326 women had no signs of joint disease and formed the control group. All examined women were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction for single nucleotide polymorphisms rs3134069, rs4355801 and rs3102735 in the TNFRSF11B gene. Results. It was found that genotypes distribution of polymorphisms rs3134069, rs4355801 and rs3102735 in the TNFRSF11B gene in the total group of examined women (n = 483) corresponded to the Hardy – Weinberg law (p 0.05). The analysis of the polymorphic variants’ frequency in the TNFRSF11B gene revealed an increased frequency of AC or CC genotypes of rs3134069 polymorphism in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.10–3.32; p = 0.030). Also, the allele C frequency of the above-mentioned polymorphism was increased among patients with osteoarthritis (OR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.06–2.99; p = 0.040). No association with knee osteoarthritis was found for two other studied polymorphisms in the TNFRSF11B gene – rs4355801 and rs3102735 (p 0.05). Conclusion. The increased frequency of genotypes AC or CC registration, as well as allele C of rs3134069 polymorphism in the TNFRSF11B gene in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis indicates the important role of TNFRSF11B gene mutations in the osteoarthritis development and progression. Further research in this area is of great interest both for a deeper understanding of the disease pathogenesis and for the development of personalized approach in the prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis in postmenopausal women.

A brief analysis of studies on logging equipment has allowed us to conclude that it is necessary to further study the degree of influence of silvicultural and taxation indicators of the stand, containing quantitative data on the trees harvested and remaining for rearing, on the productivity of the harverster. The degree of influence of quantitative indicators of the stand on the work of the harvester is random, which is due to the infinitely wide variety of options for the spatial arrangement of trees in forest swathes. The article presents the results of a production experiment to assess the impact of the quantitative characteristics of the forest stand on the duration of individual elements of the cycle time of the harvester. The analyzed factors included the total number of trees per 1 hectare and the proportion of the felled component of the stand. These factors play a significant role in assessing the shift and hourly productivity of machines, however, when analyzing the duration of a number of elements of cycle time of manipulator machines, the importance of these indicators is underestimated by many researchers and, in order to increase the convenience and simplicity of calculations, these indicators are not used in justifying labour costs. Both factors have been considered at three levels of variation. As a result, the significant influence of the analyzed factors on the duration of 3 independent elements of cycle time of the machine (pointing the manipulator at the tree, hauling the trunk to the processing zone and moving the harvester between operating positions) has been proven. The experiment has been carried out using the Silvatec 8266TH harvester under conditions of its operation in the swathes characterized by various silvicultural and taxation indicators. The sequence of conducting the production experiment and statistical processing of the obtained data has been shown. The analysis of variance has allowed us to conclude that it is necessary to comprehensively take into account the analyzed factors when assessing each technological operation. The results can be used to improve mathematical relationships in calculating productivity and labour costs when designing logging operations.

Background. Remote work has been gaining popularity for a long time. With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, remote work has become a necessity for many people. However, the personality traits of people for whom remote work is suitable are poorly understood. Objectives. The study focuses on the personality traits of successful freelancers working remotely. Study Participants. 184 Freelancers (115 females, 69 males, aged from 14 to 60) were recruited from Advego.com. Freelancers were divided into two groups of beginners and experts, based on the number of tasks completed. Groups were compared with each other. The group of experts was also compared with a group of 98 females (aged from 16 to 72) who were not freelancers. Methods. An empirical study was carried out using a five-factor personality questionnaire by H. Tsuji in the version of A.B. Khromov. Results. Significant differences were found between expert freelancers and women of different professions for the following personality traits: extraversion (p = 0.0001), agreeableness (p = 0.0001), openness to experience (p = 0.0001). The hypothesis that freelancers have a higher level of conscientiousness than non-freelance women was not confirmed. Conclusions. The personality traits of freelancers who are successfully adapted to remote work are revealed including lower levels of extraversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience. The results obtained can be used to select staff for remote work.

A mathematical model of the in-line control of the insulation resistance state for cathodically polarized main pipelines according to electrometry data is considered. The relevance of the work is caused by the opportunity to create in-line internal isolation defects indicators of the main pipelines for transported liquids that are good conductors and expand the functionality of monitoring and controlling cathodic protection systems of the main pipelines. Features of the mathematical model are: consideration of the electric conductivity of transported liquid influence on electric field distribution; consideration of the influence of external and internal insulating coating resistance; use of the electric field of an in-line diagnostic probe for quality control of internal insulation. Practical significance consists in the development of modeling methods for control subsystems of main pipeline protection against corrosion and the development of special mathematical and algorithmic support systems for monitoring and controlling the operating modes of the cathodic protection station of main pipelines.

On the example of the Alardinskaya mine, the problem of underground mining of seams prone to spontaneous combustion and rock bumps in the conditions of the Kondomsky geological and economic region of the Kuznetsk coal basin is considered. The contradictions in the requirements of regulatory documents for the width of the inter-panel coal pillars in the mining of seams with longwalls in conditions of endogenous fire hazard and in the mining of seams that are dangerous due to geodynamical phenomena are discussed. These contradictions impede the safe mining of seams using traditionally used layouts with the danger of spontaneous combustion of coal and rock bumps. A mining-geomechanical model is presented, which is used for numerical three-dimensional simulation of the stress-strain state of a rock mass with various layouts for longwall panels using the finite element method. The results of the numerical analysis of the stress state of the rock mass immediately before the rock bump are presented, and the main factors that contributed to its occurrence during the mining of the seam are established. A dangerous degree of stress concentration in the coal seam near the leading diagonal entries is shown, especially in conditions of application of abutment pressure from the edge of panels’ gob. The analysis of the features of stress distribution in the inter-panel pillar at different widths is carried out. Recommendations for improving the layout for the development and mining of coal seams that are prone to spontaneous combustion and dangerous in terms of rock bumps in the conditions of Alardiskaya mine have been developed. The need for further studies of the influence of pillars for various purposes, formed during the mining of adjacent seams, on the stress-strain state of previously overmined and undermined seams is shown.

Background. The question of the dynamics of the subjective well-being of students with alexithymia, who represent a risk group for the emergence of maladaptive states in stressful conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic, is considered in connection with their emotional competencies, reflecting the development of personal mechanisms for regulation (self-regulation) of emotions. Objective. The goal is to study and access the impact of the pandemic situation on the subjective well-being of students with symptoms of alexithymia through their emotional competencies. Methods. Toronto Alexithymia Scale by J. Taylor, Subjective Well-Being Scale by A.A. Rukavishnikov, emotional intelligence questionnaire by D.V. Lyusin, a technique for diagnosing emotional barriers in interpersonal communication by V.V. Boyko; Pearson r-test, Kruskal — Wallis H-test were applied. Sample. The study was conducted at the North Caucasus Federal University during the pre-COVID period (2018) and during the pandemic (2021). The sample consisted of 120 students. Results. As a result of a comparative analysis of signs of alexithymia, students found increased difficulties in describing feelings and externality of thinking during the pandemic. There were no significant differences in emotional barriers to communication before the pandemic and during the pandemic among alexithymics. A pronounced reluctance to get emotionally close to other people and a lower level of emotional effectiveness of communication, compared to students without alexithymia, were diagnosed in alexithymics both before and during the pandemic. During the pandemic period, alexithymics have identified: negative dynamics in the ability to understand and manage their own emotions, a noticeable decrease in subjective well-being to a feeling of pronounced emotional discomfort, especially on the scale of the significance of the social environment; negative correlations between the general indicator of alexithymia and difficulties in describing feelings, on the one hand, and satisfaction with everyday life, self-esteem of health, mood stability, ability to manage one's own emotions, on the other hand. Positive correlations with the control of emotional expression, depressive manifestations, absent-mindedness, drowsiness were also identified. Conclusion. The situation of the pandemic had a pronounced negative impact on the subjective well-being of students with alexithymia, mediated by barriers of emotional rapprochement with other people characteristic of alexithymics and a low level of intrapersonal emotional competencies.

Introduction: the need for effective psychocorrective work with persons convicted of terrorism-related crimes, focused on the correction of these persons, does not raise any doubt. Even greater relevance to the problematic issues considered in the publication is given by the fact that we are talking about females. A not so significant number of convicts in this category, as well as gender psychological characteristics, determine the relevance and significance of aspects of psychological work with women convicted of terrorism-related crimes. Purpose: to determine roles and psychological motives of women in the commission of terrorism-related crimes and disclose methods of their recruitment. The study (83 women convicted of terrorism-related crimes) was conducted in the period from 2014 to 2022 with the help of the following methods: survey and analytical, providing a theoretical analysis of literary sources; empirical, involving the use of psychodiagnostic techniques, author’s questionnaires and questionnaires designed to determine general and socio-psychological characteristics of persons convicted of terrorism. The study covered 83 women convicted of terrorism-related crimes. The analysis of empirical material and scientific sources helps identify key trends of female terrorism, the role, psychological motives of behavior and methods of recruiting potential terrorists. Recommendations for conducting psychocorrective work with the appropriate category of persons are developed. Conclusion: the experience of psychocorrective work of correctional psychologists with women convicted of terrorism-related crimes has not been sufficiently studied due to the small number of this category in correctional institutions; the analysis of scientific data makes it possible to determine key reasons for women’s involvement in terrorism-related crimes, as well as the roles and motives for which they were involved. Understanding mechanisms and motives of women’s involvement in terrorism-related crimes, psychologists of correctional institutions can conduct psychocorrection with this category of convicts.

Magnesium alloys are promising materials for aviation, automotive engineering, and medicine, however, due to the low resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC), their wide application is limited. To create alloys with high resistance to SCC, a comprehensive study of this phenomenon nature is required. Previously, it was suggested that diffusible hydrogen and corrosion products formed on the magnesium surface can play an important role in the SCC mechanism. However, the contribution of each of these factors to the SCC-induced embrittlement of magnesium and its alloys is understudied. Since the influence of diffusible hydrogen on the mechanical properties of metals increases with the strain rate decrease, the study of the strain rate sensitivity of the SCC-susceptibility of magnesium alloys is a critical task. In this work, the authors studied the effect of the strain rate in the range from 5•10−6 to 5•10−4 s−1 on the mechanical properties, the state of the side and fracture surfaces of the as-cast commercially pure magnesium and the AZ31 alloy before and after exposure to a corrosive environment and after removal of corrosion products. The study identified that the preliminary exposure to a corrosive medium leads to the AZ31 alloy embrittlement, but does not affect the mechanical properties and the fracture mode of pure magnesium. The authors found that the AZ31 alloy embrittlement caused by the preliminary exposure to a corrosive medium appears extensively only at the low strain rate and only if the layer of corrosion products is present on the specimens’ surface. The study shows that a change in the strain rate has little effect on the mechanical properties of pure magnesium. The authors concluded that the main cause of the AZ31 alloy embrittlement after soaking in a corrosive medium is the corrosion products layer, which presumably contains the embrittling agents such as hydrogen and residual corrosive medium.

The issue of the influence of the concentration of the solid phase on the reduction of energy costs and specific energy consumption during pulp transportation is considered. The procedure for preparing slurry from the current enrichment tailings is shown. A scheme is given and the operation of a hydroficated unit for thickening and hydraulic transport of backfill mixtures is described. A diagram of the movement of solid particles in one of the units of the complex – a lamellar thickener is shown. The summary table shows the main design parameters and characteristics of the lamellar thickener. A general view of the laboratory setup used for experimental studies with slurry at various concentrations is given. An example of calculating productivity, density and specific load is presented. The dependence of the shear stress on the velocity gradient was determined for various pulp concentrations. Experimental studies of the process of thickening the production of slurry from the current enrichment tailings have been carried out. It was found that the geometric dimensions of the thickener depend on the concentration of the solid phase in the transported mixture. It is concluded that the flow rate of the slurry and the head loss are functions of the rheological characteristics of the viscoplastic slurry and can be calculated from the derived calculated dependencies.

Introduction. The territorial organization of Inner Asian polities underwent significant transformations in the first quarter of the 20th century, which resulted in a need for its visualization. Goals. The article attempts to reconstruct the system of key public governance institutions in Mongol-inhabited lands of China in the mentioned period, and to describe tools of their visualization supposed to spot the former across present-day geographical points of the region. So, the study aims to examine some basic institutions of princely power and khoshun administration, religious and aimag/league-level authorities, impacts of the Chinese colonization on Mongol-inhabited territories, investigate sources, tools and methods instrumental in spatial localization and visualization of territorial /governance structures across the lands. Materials and methods. The work focuses on two groups of sources, namely: unpublished materials from P. Dudin’s doctoral thesis (manuscript) (Statehood of Inner Mongolia: Late 19th to Mid-20th Centuries) discussing public governance structures of Mongolian banners (counties); and unique maps of 1914/1925 mentioning khoshuns, aimags and leagues of almost all Mongol-inhabited domains. The research methodology rests on an interdisciplinary approach, methods of historical science to comprise the ideographic (descriptive-narrative) and retrospective ones, a narrative approach, and principles of historicism; knowledge of political science yields an opportunity to employ functional and behavioral approaches. The geographical methods involved rest on the scheme of analysis proposed in works of O. Medushevskaya (1957) and L. Goldenberg (1958), as well as on some analysis of the data generalization degree. Results. The work has reconstructed the early 20th-century system of key Mongolian public governance institutions, outlines how the system of princely power functioned, how khoshun-level administrative bodies took shape and worked, identifies the governance role of religious institutions, while insights into different levels of the administrative/territorial organization facilitates further understanding as to actual scopes of power attributed thereto, and makes it possible to visualize the investigated space with the aid of contemporary tools and techniques. Conclusions. The paper points to the efficiency of the then management system where it was the khoshun that had served — and remained — a key structural element. The latter’s detailed illustrations on V. Surin’s maps make it possible to restore the ancient territorial organization of Mongolia using the GIS system, free access be provided for researchers of the region.

The paper adopts a sociopragmatic approach to the study of emotion processes and investigates discursive traits of the reader’s interest. The field of written popularization was examined to establish how it conceptualizes the reader’s interest through discourse structures. The text materials were obtained experimentally. They consist of 104 pairs of expository text; each of the pairs includes a text published in an academic source and a popular science text created by the participant for provoking the reader’s interest. The comparative methods of empirical discourse analysis are used to identify and describe popularisation strategies. The results show that participants employed four strategies to transform academic texts: reduction N = 94), simplification (N = 81), contextualization (N = 58), and concrete elaboration (N = 17). The strategies tend to present the most significant text ideas, reduce reader’s efforts for processing, and introduce the reader into the discourse-world. The findings suggest that the strategies aim to enhance the optimal relevance and conceptualize reader’s interest through the communicative dimension of relevance.

There is a strong belief that hydrogen absorbed by magnesium alloys during corrosion can cause their stress corrosion cracking. One of the characteristic markers indicating the involvement of diffusible hydrogen into the fracture mechanism of metals is the negative strain rate dependence of the embrittlement degree. Recent studies show that the loss of ductility of the ZK60 alloy specimens subjected to a short-term (1.5 h) pre-exposure in a corrosive medium actually decreases with the increasing strain rate. However, after the removal of corrosion products from the surface of the specimens, the strain rate dependence of the ductility loss becomes positive, which indicates the absence of hydrogen in the bulk of the metal. At short-term exposure in a corrosive environment, the deep penetration of hydrogen into a metal could be limited due to the insufficient time for hydrogen diffusion. The paper studies the mechanical behavior of the ZK60 alloy subjected to a longer (12 h) pre-exposure in a corrosive medium followed by tensile testing in air at various strain rates. The authors consider the effect of strain rate, long-term pre-exposure in a corrosive medium, and subsequent removal of corrosion products on the strength, ductility, stages of work hardening, and localized deformation, as well as on the state of the side and fracture surfaces of specimens. It is established that the ductility loss of the specimens pre-exposed in a corrosive medium for 12 h decreases with the increasing strain rate, regardless of whether the corrosion products have been removed from their surface or not. It is shown that in this case, the negative strain rate dependence of the ductility loss is associated not with hydrogen dissolved in the bulk of a metal but with the presence of severe corrosion damage of the specimens’ surface. An explanation for the effect of corrosion damage on the mechanical properties and their strain rate sensitivity is proposed.

Relevance. The West Siberian region is currently one of the largest oil and gas provinces in Russia, but the problem of declining production is becoming more frequent there. This phenomenon is caused by various reasons, however the most frequent ones are such as lowering of formation permeability and productivity factor due to various complications of oil production in the bottomhole zone (bottomhole formation zone). As a result, it becomes necessary to carry out work to increase or restore the filtration-capacitance properties of the reservoir. The method of acid treatment of productive reservoirs, which contributes to the intensification of oil inflow into the well, has been actively used in the fields of Western Siberia. However, a significant part of the treatments does not give positive results. Improving the efficiency of acid treatments of wells is one of the main tasks of oil production today, which largely determines the relevance of this study. The purpose of this work is to analyze the degree of expediency of hydrochloric acid treatment in the field and determine the most appropriate method of treatment for carbonate reservoirs of the West Siberian field. Results. The principle of effect and peculiarities of the hydrochloric acid treatment for reservoirs of carbonate structure was studied. The choice and expediency of application of the technology in these conditions was substantiated.

The relevance of the research lies in the need to replenish the resource base of hydrocarbons in Russia through the development of deposits in the southern part of the East Siberian. Productive horizons in the area are characterized by increased non-uniformity, which is largely due to post-sedimentation processes. The aim of the work is to study the results of the development of halitization processes (epigenetic filling of the void space of rocks with halite). The material for the study was the data of lithological and petrophysical studies of the core, on the basis of which a statistical analysis of saline rocks was performed and the relations between reservoir properties and halite content in the paleovoids for productive horizons were constructed. Filling the void space with secondary halite has not only a negative impact on the reservoir properties of rocks, but also negatively affects the process of developing deposits. Injection of fresh water into the reservoir will cause the beginning of dissolution of salt crystals, the development of which is accompanied by the release of a large amount of heat, which in turn will entail intensive deposition of calcite crystals in the void space, since carbonate waters are widespread in the formation. As a result, the reservoir properties of productive rocks will deteriorate up to the isolation of a number of oil and gas-saturated bodies from the main drainage system of productive horizons, which will negatively affect the oil recovery coefficient and, consequently, the efficiency of the development of hydrocarbon deposits.

The work is devoted to the problem of increasing the reliability of the calculation of the permeability cube in the construction of a threedimensional geological model. The common method of mechanically transferring the relationship between porosity and permeability, obtained on the basis of the approximation of the results of the study of the core, gives too vague result since neither the differences in the sizes of cells and samples, nor the large scatter of the values of the analyzed dependencies are taken into account. Instead, it is proposed to use stochastic methods to calculate permeability histograms for each elementary cell. First, the analysis of the results of determining the petrophysical properties performed in the laboratory is carried out. For rocks with similar porosity values, the probability of occurrence of rocks whose permeability exceeds a number of threshold values is calculated. Then, for each threshold value of permeability, empirical dependences of the probability of exceeding a given value on porosity are determined. At the next stage, the obtained results are adapted to the cell scale. The Monte Carlo method is used. Each cell is represented as a set of a large number of rocks, the sizes of which are close to those of the samples. Each virtual rock is assigned a porosity using a random number generator in such a way that the average value of the cell porosity is stored. For each conditional rock, the probabilities of exceeding the corresponding permeability thresholds are calculated. Based on the porosity cube for each cell, the probability of existence of all permeability ranges is automatically calculated for each cell. The authors provide examples of the implementation of the proposed methodology in the study of terrigenous deposits of the Tyumen suite of the Shaim oil and gas region.

This article will focus on the mechanistic origins of the computer metaphor, which forms the conceptual framework for the methodology of the cognitive sciences, some areas of artificial intelligence and the philosophy of mind. The connection between the history of computing technology, epistemology and the philosophy of mind is expressed through the metaphorical dictionaries of the philosophical discourse of a particular era. The conceptual clarification of this connection and the substantiation of the mechanistic components of the computer metaphor is the main goal of this article. The statement is substantiated that the invention of mechanical computing devices, having a long history in the European engineering tradition, formed the prerequisites for the emergence of machine functionalism in the modern philosophy of mind. The idea of multiple implementation stems from the principle that a formal symbol system prescribes rules for the use of rational abstractions through the physical architecture of a computational engine. The article considers the reasons for the conceptual shift and reveals the semantic foundations for the metaphorical transfer of the properties of abstract objects from the theory of automata to the field of modern philosophy of mind. The criticism and ways of protecting the philosophical program of machine functionalism are analyzed by changing the content of the metaphor “Mind as machine”. The reasons for the stability of the information-computer approach in cognitive sciences are also disclosed and explained.

The problem of simulation of efficient ducted fan type propulsors is considered. From experience of operation of twin blades in fantails of helicopters, it is known that this configuration creates less noise compared to a uniform arrangement of the blades around the circumference. However, the flow behind such fan is less uniform than that of a conventional ducted fan. For multicopter-type unmanned aircraft and air taxis, the key problem is flight in take-off and landing modes as well as acoustic and vortex fields created by propulsors in these modes. The decrease in the noise level in propellers with twin blades can potentially be accompanied by an increase in non-stationary vortex effects on the aircraft as well as a decrease in specific thrust. The objectives were to develop a method for simulation of ducted fan propellers in the takeoff and landing mode, to determine the optimal angle between the blades, and to compare a ducted fan with twin X-shaped blades to conventional blade position. Turbulent flows were calculated using transient Reynold-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, complemented by SST turbulence model, and large eddy simulation with WALE subgrid viscosity model. The calculations used the modification γ–Reθ Transition SST of the Langtry-Menter turbulence model, where there are relations for the intermittency criterion, which made it possible to consider the laminar-turbulent transition and the appearance of thin laminar separation bubbles that affect both the thrust of the propeller and the nonuniformity of the flow behind it. Testing was carried out on four-bladed propellers according to the known results of the TsAGI reference experiments. Testing of the γ–Reθ Transition SST Langtry-Menter turbulence model showed that it reproduces the dependence of the thrust coefficient and power factor on the blade angle better than the standard SST model. Calculations have shown that there is a clearly defined optimum angle between the paired blades. A comparison of three-bladed, six-bladed single and six-bladed propellers with twin blades showed that the latter option has slightly better thrust characteristics and creates a significantly lower noise level on the ground. The studied characteristics of ducted fans demonstrate the prospects for the use of propellers with twin blades in aircraft with vertical takeoff and landing. The developed numerical method can be directly used for industrial calculations of propellers and fans.

The relevance of the research consists in search for methods for methods for increasing oil recovery aimed at growing the coverage of oil reservoirs developed by flooding, which will allow continuing the operation of fields with high depletion of reserves at the last stages of development. Involvement in the development of complexly localized non-drainable reserves due to the injection of polymer compositions will extend the life cycle of depleted fields and increase the final oil recovery factor. Purpose: to study the impact of injection of polymer compositions on the change in the filtration flows of an oil reservoir in order to increase the final oil recovery factor. Objects: sand layers of the Yu1 horizon of the Vasyugan suite, distinguished by their heterogeneity, inconsistency in thickness, and different permeability along the section. Methods: analysis of the recovery of oil reserves in terms of displacement characteristics, as well as analytical dependencies; analysis of the current state of development; assessment of the effectiveness of the formed waterflooding system; analytical calculations using the filtration equation; laboratory studies on a filtration model; analytical evaluation of the results of testing the selected compositions at the oil field «Х». Results. The article summarizes the results of experimental studies of the effect of adding polymeric reagents to the composition of the fluid injected into the formation on changing the reservoir properties of the productive formation. The paper introduces the results of laboratory studies to determine the technologies and compositions for the implementation of the program for the injection of polymers into the Yu12+3 formation of the oil field «Х». The filtration model of a real reservoir was created from core samples of the field under consideration especially for the research in laboratory conditions; the conditions for fluid filtration through the core column are as close as possible to reservoir ones. The paper introduces the results of pilot work on application of the technology of injection of polymer compositions into the Yu12+3 reservoir of the oil field «Х». The authors carried out the analysis of the effectiveness of the work, made the recommendations for further use of the technology of injection of polymer compositions into the reservoir.

Introduction. The article focuses on Manchu-Mongolian society as a historical and cultural community of East Asia which has had significant impacts on destinies and paths of many Eurasian peoples. Having been dramatically influenced by both objective and subjective factors in the early-to-mid 20th century, one part actually lost its identity while the other one preserved and even strengthened it. These and many other aspects have been actively explored by Russian (Soviet) and foreign scientific communities but works authored by our compatriots to have lived and worked in the to be examined region have been largely overlooked. Goals. The study attempts a source analysis of publications that somehow cast light on Manchu-Mongolian society and that were published in scientific centers of the Far East in the early-to-mid 20th century. Materials and methods. The work examines articles and notes from journals once published by the Society of Russian Orientalists, Society for the Study of Manchuria, Russian Law Faculty of Harbin, and non-periodical editions. The research methodology was determined by an interdisciplinary approach with the prevalence of historical tools. The work comprises data collection, thematic monitoring of publications, discourse analysis, a narrative approach, external and internal criticism of sources and their textual analysis, systemic historical and retrospective methods. The conducted research identifies key early 20th-century trends of Mongolian and Manchu studies, delineates the place of Manchu-Mongolian peoples in the population structure of the Qing Empire / Republic of China assigned to the former in those publications, characterizes the degree of awareness about legal traditions and law practices of the region. Conclusions. The publications under study and their authors contributed a lot to the understanding of the mentioned region of East Asia and its native peoples. The paper states that Orientalists at large — and particularly those engaged in historical and political studies — are obliged to revive names of those researchers, travelers, translators and other participants to have joined that grandiose process of exploring the Manchu-Mongolian region in the early-to-mid 20th century, and made (and still do) our stay in this part of Eurasia peaceful, with most complete knowledge about the latter.

Magnesium biodegradable alloys are a promising material for self-dissolving surgical implants. Magnesium is known to be sensitive to electrochemical corrosion due to the galvanic effect between the matrix and particles of secondary phases and inclusions. Another important factor is the pH level. The behavior of certain chemical reactions depends on the pH level, so one can assume that the pH level of a corrosive medium at the material surface is a factor determining what chemical reactions can occur there. Finally, there is evidence that variability of the crystallographic orientation of the grains may be a cause of anisotropy of corrosion properties. The purpose of this work is to reveal the influence of the electrode potential of the microstructural elements, the crystallographic orientation of the grains, and the pH level of the near-surface volume of the corrosion solution on the corrosion process. In the study, sections of 2×1.5 mm were marked on the ZX10 alloy samples, for which maps of the distribution of crystallographic orientations and chemical composition were drawn. To assess the influence of the electrode potential of the particles, the authors carried out a Kelvin probe mapping in the 90×90 µm area. Next, corrosion tests were carried out with video filming of the surface on the marked area. To determine the pH level influence, the solution circulation in the cell was varied. Upon completion of the tests, corrosion products and corrosion damage were examined in detail. According to the results, the pH level in the liquid near-surface micro-volumes has a greater influence than the electrode potential of the particles as it provokes the formation of corrosion products of a different composition, which leads to passivation of the surface areas around the particles. The authors identified two different types of filiform corrosion. For filiform corrosion, a correlation between the corrosion direction and the crystallographic orientation of the grains was established.

The research aims to study the content of organic matter in typical chernozem, its distribution in the soil profile under herbaceous and wooden phytocenoses. Organic matter plays a key role in the functioning of soils and their stable performance of ecological functions, including – the protection function. This is particularly relevant in the growing urbanization. The research analysis includes 40 full-profile sections of migration-segregated chernozems (typical carbonate) laid on the upland soil of the Rostov agglomeration. We determined organic matter by high-temperature catalytic combustion on a TOC-L CPN Shimadzu in an SSM-5000A solid sample combustion unit. Based on the data obtained, we calculated the organic carbon reserves. Statistical analysis included the calculation of the Mann-Whitney U-test to consider significant differences in the samples of indicators under wooden and herbaceous phytocenoses and descriptive statistics. The research results showed the influence on the organic carbon content of such a widespread type of anthropogenic impact as planting trees in the steppe zone. Comparison of the total organic carbon content values in similar genetic horizons under herbaceous and wooden phytocenoses indicates the spatial heterogeneity of this indicator, associated primarily with the type of land use. The supply of humus for Rostov chernozems under herbaceous phytocenoses was assessed as low and under wooden phytocenoses – as average. In the one-meter layer of natural chernozems of the Rostov agglomeration, humus reserves are 387 t/ha, which corresponds to the average supply level. Thus, the park and recreational zone, where wooden vegetation grows, plays a special ecological role in the city as a place of accumulation of an increased amount of organic matter of natural origin compared to other soils of the Rostov agglomeration.

The steady increase in the number of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 all over the world necessitates further study of fundamental features of pandemic spreading and clinical signs of disease, especially in children population. This article presents the experience of managing patients with pericardial effusion that has developed after new coronavirus infection COVID-19. The role of timely diagnosis of pericardial effusion, principles of its diagnostics, management, and follow-up observation on outpatient level within the pandemic are presented.

The relevance of the study is caused by the fact that at present there are practically no pure oil fields left on the territory of Western Siberia. A huge share of reserves is concentrated in oil rims, reservoirs with high gas pressure or the presence of a gas cap. The development of such oil fields by simple methods (for example, a rigid water pressure mode) is difficult, since there is a sharp decrease in reservoir pressure on them and the impossibility of its recovery by these mechanisms. It is necessary to consider alternative methods of influence to involve hard-to-recover hydrocarbon reserves in the development. The article discusses the combined use of water-gas treatment with the utilization of associated oil gas. The technique is caused by the fact that, first of all, a mechanism for gas compression and mixing with liquid has been developed to maintain reservoir pressure. The joint methodology of water-gas impact will allow effectively influencing reservoir with high gas pressure, and will also eliminate the need for utilization of associated oil gas due to technological processes. The main aim is to research and suggest a method for using water-gas impact with the recycling of associated oil gas for areas with a rate of reservoir pressure drop. Object: reservoir with high gas content under development. Methods: theoretical methods to substantiate the way of increasing gas pressure and the ability to mix gas with liquid to maintain reservoir pressure, analytical and computational methods. Results. The authors obtained the technique for compressing and mixing associated oil gas. The paper considers the technique for applying water-gas treatment using software. The effectiveness of the method was proved.

The paper presents the vegetation experiments results on the low-temperature argon plasma effect on barley plants ( Hordeum vulgare L.) of the Vladimir cultivar and its influence on morphophysiological parameters and yield. Plasma treatment was once at three organogenesis stages of barley plants: 3rd leaf, tillering and booting. Plasma exposure was 15 and 30 min. The barley plants were grown to full maturity. Analysis of barley yield structure did not reveal clear patterns in the change in most parameters resulted from the plasma treatment. However, 15 min plasma exposure on barley plants in the critical development stage (3rd leaf) increased by 77.8 % (p 0.05) the root weight of plants compared with control. After treatment at the tillering stage, the number of spikelets per main stem ear increased by 18.5 % (p 0.001) after 15 min plasma exposure, and by 11.17 % (p 0.05) after 30 min exposure. An increase in the number of productive stems and the number of grains per lateral stem ear was observed. At the same time, 30 min exposure in the 3rd leaf stage reduced by 7 % (p 0.05) the plant height. And the treatment in the tillering stage reduced by 39 % (p 0.01) the root weight of barley plants. The effect of low-temperature plasma on barley plants at the booting stage was less expressed to the plasma effect at earlier development stages. This can be explained by the lower sensitivity of this stage of organogenesis. The obtained effects of single exposure to low-temperature argon plasma at different organogenesis stages of barley plants can be useful to increase barley yields.

Introduction: the steady increase in the number of the suspected, accused and convicted of terrorism and extremism, as well as cases of their participation in various emergencies, necessitates a personal, targeted approach to correctional psychological and educational work with them. The need for an individual approach, including in psychological and educational work with those convicted of terrorism and extremism, is also indicated by regulatory legal documents, in particular the Order of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia No. 1111 dated November 24, 2017 “On the organization of events on countering terrorism, extremist activity in penal enforcement institutions and bodies”. Study purpose: determination of the effectiveness of the tested model program for psychological correction of personality of persons convicted of terrorism and extremism-related crimes. Research methods: psychodiagnostics methods: the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) “Time perspective of convicts”, multidimensional self-attitude research questionnaire, a psychodiagnostic method “Life-purpose orientations”; a method for testing the program developed; a method for identifying statistical differences – the Student’s t-test; a method for comparative analysis of the psychodiagnostics results obtained following the testing results. Results: validation of the reliability of statistical differences with the help of the Student’s t-test determined the absence of significant changes in the indicators of convicts in the control group. Meaningful changes were observed in the indicators of convicts of the experimental group with the help of the following methods: ZTPI “Time perspective of convicts”, a multidimensional self-attitude research questionnaire and a psychodiagnostic method “Life-purpose orientations”. A comparative analysis of the results of psychodiagnostics of convicts in the experimental group before and after testing of the basic program proved the reliability of statistical differences with the help of the Student’s t-test determined the presence of positive personality changes in the behavioral, cognitive and affective spheres of the personality of convicts in the experimental group. Conclusions: assessment of the model program testing results revealed a sufficient degree of its effectiveness and the possibility of its implementation. The model program largely determined the content and structure of the section of the additional professional program – a professional development program for psychological service employees who accompany persons convicted of terrorist and extremist crimes.

Abstract Over the past decades, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of osteomyelitis. It is associated with an increased use of implants in traumatology and orthopedics. The social aspects of osteomyelitis are, on the one hand, significant financial costs for the healthcare system, and on the other hand, high recurrence and re-infection in the treatment of joint pathology associated with long-term loss of work ability and a high risk of patient’s disability. Purpose To conduct a search and analysis of publications in Russian and English, devoted to the problem of osteomyelitis and periprosthetic infection, on the basis of which to summarize the main current notions about the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of osteomyelitis. Materials and methods The search was carried out in the Pubmed and CyberLeninka databases of literature sources over the past 10 years. The data were analyzed and compared with the materials from earlier publications. Only publications from peer-reviewed journals were considered for analysis. Results and discussion Success in the treatment of peri-implant infection with prosthesis re-implantation and satisfactory joint function has been achieved in only just more than a half of patients. Recent studies have significantly changed the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of osteomyelitis. It has been proven that in osteomyelitis and implant-associated infection, four reservoirs of infection are formed in the patient's body: abscesses in soft tissues and bone marrow canal, biofilms on the surface of implants and necrotic tissues, intracellular colonization with bacteria of the macroorganism and lacunar-canalicular system. Understanding the mechanisms of osteomyelitis development and its course forces the specialists to take a fresh look at the causes of failures in the fight against such a severe pathology and change approaches to its prevention, diagnosis and treatment.

Introduction. The article deals with an important and eventful period of Russia-Mongolia relations, special attention be paid to the shaping of a new regional order in East Asia. The collapse of China’s monarchy resulted in a political vacuum in Russia’s border territories which required utmost consideration and involvement, and the Soviets did seize the opportunity. However, the Agreement on Friendly Relations concluded in November of 1921 can hardly be viewed as a starting point, the former having been rather supposed to actualize previous mutual commitments discussed in the paper. Goals. So, the work attempts an interdisciplinary insight into the mentioned documents (addresses, diplomatic notes, letters, etc.) to have preceded the Agreement and formalized Soviet Russia’s foreign policy in the region and its presence in the territory of Outer Mongolia ― to determine the role and impact of those preliminary papers. Materials and Methods. The study focuses on widely known materials contained in diverse published collections of documents from the Soviet era that were never viewed by most researchers as important tools to have guaranteed the national interests in the Far East. So, the innovative aspect of research is that the addresses, notes and letters are examined through the prism of other humanitarian disciplines, such as jurisprudence and political science — to result in the employment of an interdisciplinary approach with a range of historical, juridical and politological research methods, definitions and categories inherent to international law and international relations. Part One of the article focuses on research tools and ideological essentials, while Part Two examines the actual techniques to have secured the ‘export of revolution’. Conclusions. The insight into the precontractual documents has delineated a number of key lines for cooperation, the latter dominated by bilateral collaboration (and described in Part One). This paper shall characterize the rest that can be together identified as a set of efficient means to have consolidated ideological foundations of the ‘export of revolution’ that include as follows: ‘soft power’ of educational projects; security arrangements for Soviet territories and borders, including assistance to Mongolian comrades in their fight against the White Guard, allocation of the Red Army units within Mongolian territories until the complete eradication of the White threat, with the participation of military units from the Far Eastern Republic; economic cooperation through mutual financial and economic support of industrial construction projects, resource development and social infrastructure initiatives, etc.; joint actions on the international stage pinnacled with the recognition of the Mongolian People’s Republic by China (1946) and the rest of the world community (1961). The study concludes these lines of cooperation were successfully implemented within the two following decades and proved crucial not only in the shaping of a new political order in the region but also facilitated the development of the eastern border security system in the pre-war period and WWII proper (1936–1945), which restrained Japan from initiating military actions against the USSR up until 1945 and guaranteed the security of Mongolia.

shaped legs as classified by A. A. Artemiev. The purpose of the study was to compare changes in the relationship between reference lines as mechanical axis deviation (MAD), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), mechanical lateral distal tibial angle (mLDTA) and the associated duration of the correction (CP), fixation (FP) and frame-on periods (FoP) in patients who underwent correction to have the legs shape as requested and those who underwent tibial deformity correction. Material and methods There were 43 patients (84 segments operated on) in the cosmesis group and 15 participants (28 segments operated on) in orthopedic group. Preperative MAD, mMPTA, mLDTA measured 17.48 ± 1.14 mm medially, 84.90 ± 0.35° and 90.61 ± 0.39° in the cosmesis patients; 19.18 ± 2.86 mm medially, 84.04 ± 0.35°, 89.09 ± 0.37° in orthopaedic patients with no statistically significant differences observed between the groups. Results CP, FP and FoP lasted for 41.93 ± 3.96, 97.67 ± 7.78 and 139.60 ± 5.15 days in the cosmesis group, and 18.22 ± 3.05, 134.89 ± 9.42 and 153.00 ± 8.49 in controls. FP/CP, CP/FoP, FP/FoP measured 0.57 ≈ 1/2, 0.31 ≈ 1/3, 0.69 ≈ 2/3 in the cosmesis group and 0.15 ≈ 1/7; 0.12 ≈ 1/8; 0.88 ≈ 7/8 in controls. MAD, mMPTA, mLDTA measured 6.08 ± 0.87 mm laterally, 90.80 ± 0.31°, 88.62 ± 0.35° in the cosmesis participants, and 0.61 ± 0.82 mm laterally, 89.46 ± 0.54°, 87.68 ± 0. 63° in controls. Discussion There were no statistically significant differences in FoP with different duration of CP (≈ 1/3 FoP for the cosmesis group and ≈ 1/8 FoP for controls). The means of MAD, mMPTA of measured up to tibial valgus in cosmesis patients and were well within acceptable limits of normal in controls.Tibial valgus was caused by too much overcorrection (by ¼ on average).

Pharmacogenomics aims to optimize drug therapy with respect to genetic variations in various human genes, whose products affect drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Among neurological diseases, selecting effective drug therapy is especially important in epilepsy since recurrent epileptic seizures can lead to persistent epileptic brain activity and patient traumatization. Lamotrigine is a new generation broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug and is recommended as the drug of choice in focal and generalized epilepsy. By genotyping single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with decreased or increased lamotrigine blood concentration, predicting the drug dose that will achieve the therapeutic serum concentration is possible. Selecting an appropriate individual drug dose avoids the development of dose-dependent side effects, which occur when the serum drug concentration is exceeded and drug discontinuation due to a lack of the expected effect because of insufficient blood levels. This review presents the results of studies of the polymorphism in genes that directly or indirectly alter lamotrigine serum levels. These include genes that encode the UGT enzymes, responsible for the conjugation and elimination of lamotrigine from the body; genes that encode transport proteins (P-glycoprotein, organic cation transporter, multidrug resistance protein, and breast cancer resistance protein); genes that encode the transcription factors HNF4 and pregnane X receptor, which regulate the expression of several liver transport proteins and enzymes. The reviewed data demonstrate the relationship between polymorphisms in these genes and changes in lamotrigine concentration.

Introduction. In November of 1921 after the meeting between Mongolian officials and Vladimir Lenin, an Agreement on Friendly Relations between the two states was concluded. This significant act confirmed the mutual recognition of the only legitimate government by both counterparties, measures of prevention of unfriendly actions by third parties, exchange of plenipotentiary representatives and ambassadors, state border regulations and the most favorable nation treatment for citizens whilst visiting the counterparty and jurisdiction. It also provided the regulations for a number of trade matters, intercommunication issues, questions of personal property etc., however, in actuality this document touched upon a smaller realm of mutual relations that had already been established before the execution of the Agreement, having been formalized in other documents, such as letters and memorandums. These precontractual acts are of genuine interest not only due to their uncertain legal nature and consequences, but also because they cover a much wider range of collaboration and cooperation issues than the Agreement dated November 5, 1921. Goals. So, the paper attempts an interdisciplinary insight into the mentioned documents (addresses, diplomatic notes, letters, etc.) to have preceded the Agreement and formalized Soviet Russia’s foreign policy in the region and its presence in the territory of Outer Mongolia ― to determine the role and impact of the former. Materials and Methods. The study focuses on widely known materials contained in diverse published collections of documents from the Soviet era that were never viewed by most researchers as important tools to have guaranteed the national interests in the Far East. To facilitate a more comfortable perception of the investigated materials by different specialists, the paper was divided in two ― Part One to focus on research tools and its ideological essentials, and Part Two to emphasize certain instruments to have secured the ‘export of revolution’. Results. The article specifies four key lines of cooperation: 1) bilateral collaboration that includes ‘export of ideology’ and sufficient tools thereto, such as disassociation from former political regimes, support for anticolonial sentiments, securement of equal rights in foreign policy issues, cooperative struggle against the common ideological enemy ― world capitalism, ‘soft power’ in the form of educational projects; 2) security arrangements for Soviet territories and borders, including assistance to Mongolian comrades in their fight against the White Guard, allocation of the Red Army units within Mongolian territories until the complete eradication of the White threat, with the participation of military units from the Far Eastern Republic; 3) economic cooperation through mutual financial and economic support of industrial construction projects, resource development and social infrastructure initiatives, etc., 4) joint actions on the international stage pinnacled with the recognition of the Mongolian People’s Republic by China (1945) and the rest of the world community (1961). This shows that during the shaping of the political agenda towards Mongolia the then Soviet leaders did not view contractual aspects of the mechanism as fundamental, and attached no paramount importance to international agreements, which had been distinctive of the Russian Empire.

Stability control of elements of stone constructions of various structures is a prerequisite for their safe operation. The use of modern methods of non-destructive diagnostics of the stress-strain state of such constructions is an effective, and in many cases the only way to control it. Studies of thermal radiation accompanying the processes of solid bodies deformation allowed to justify and develop a method that allows to obtain non-contact information about changes in the stress-strain state in various types of geomaterials, including limestones. However, studies of the water saturation influence of rocks on the thermal radiation parameters recorded in this way are currently superficial. Taking into account the water saturation degree of rocks is necessary when monitoring the mechanical condition of stone structures that are in direct contact with water. The main purpose of this work is to study the dependences of changes in the intensity of thermal radiation from the surface of limestone samples with different humidity under conditions of uniaxial compression. The obtained results showed the expected significant decrease in the mechanical properties (uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus) of water-saturated samples in comparison with dry ones. At the same time, a significant increase in the intensity of thermal radiation of limestone samples subjected to compression with an increase in their water saturation was recorded, which makes it necessary to take into account the revealed regularity when identifying changes in the stress state of stone structures established according to non-contact IR diagnostics in real conditions.

Relevance. The establishment of the patterns of constructing «political well-being» concept in the dense network of communications of modern culture is a significant scientific problem and it allows forming a new, interdisciplinary subject field in modern philosophical and cultural studies. The aim of the research is to identify communicative strategies for constructing «political well-being» concept due to the patterns of stereotyping in socio-cultural communications and the peculiarities of the ability to cognize the world through its construction. Methods. The authors use a number of methods that allow philosophical and socio-psychological analysis of the essence and interdependence of «well-being» and «politics» concepts. The role of stereotypes in constructing «political well-being» concept is considered on the basis of the theory of public opinion by W. Lippmann. Results. Political well-being is considered as the experience of a set of objective circumstances determined by the system of power relations and institutions of power in conjunction with the subjective state. The construction of «political well-being» concept is directly related to communication processes as a way of speaking about the world of politics, characteristic of various social groups and entailing various social actions. In the process of construction, two communication strategies become the main ones: within the framework of the first communication strategy, an «image for oneself» is formed – the understanding of political well-being as one’s own good, which consists of a complex of personal traditional goods. The second communication strategy is an «image for others» – political, cultural and other realities, customs, national myths, symbols, beliefs, stereotypes. This strategy is based on the mechanisms of public opinion formation and the importance of social stereotyping is emphasized. Conclusion. The «political well-being» concept is constructed through two communication strategies. The paradoxical feature of the situation is that the «political well-being» concept in the «image for oneself» format in the perceptions of citizens is based on the stereotypes of the «image for others» format.

The history of the co-existence of human-grey wolf (Canis lupus) is an example of competition, close interaction during domestication, persecution and extermination. The amazing plasticity and adaptations of the grey wolf ensured the sustainable survival of its populations. Being at the top of the food pyramid, Canis lupus is a consumer of the highest order. It actively regulates the abundance of its main prey, i.e. large ungulates, through their selective predation. These circumstances highlight the interest to study this carnivore species inhabiting the centre of European Russia. Using craniometric methods, we studied 326 wolf skulls obtained in Tver region, Smolensk region, Yaroslavl region, and Vologda region. We revealed a high intraspecific size polymorphism, based on the analysis of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the craniometric characters of the grey wolf collected in the centre of European Russia. These data are originated from an area of 350 × 450 km over a 65-year period. The spatial and temporal dynamics was demonstrated for measurements characterising the length of the skull, the length of the upper and lower jaw, and odontological features characterising the size of the crown of the first premolar and second molar teeth. The sexual variation of the grey wolf skull is characterised by a generally smaller size of female skulls (3.6% in average). A feature related to the functioning of the jaw apparatus, the width of the articular head of the mandible, showed the highest sexual variation (8.1%-difference between males and females). In order of increasing influence, the polymorphism factors are arranged as follows: chronographic, spatial, sex-related, and age-related. Besides the fundamental reasons caused by the sexual selection, the sexual dimorphism in size is determined by exogenous factors associated with a certain degree of segregation in trophic niches of males and females, their different social role, determined by the species life strategy. The geographic variability of the grey wolf skull has a complex and disordered nature. It is primarily caused by social organisation and strong territoriality of the grey wolf, limiting the panmixia, as well as by the stochastic intrapopulation processes due to a generally high elimination of individuals in populations. In the study area, the obtained spatial and temporal grey wolf variability could be caused by the complementary influence of a number of factors. The nature of the variability in the size of the grey wolf skull makes it possible to associate it with the dynamic parameters of the trophic ecology of the studied species, depending on the population-demographic characters of the main prey of the grey wolf, Alces alces and Sus scrofa, in the study area. In addition, it is not excluded that the temporal variability is affected by stochastic factors caused by the intensive grey wolf elimination as a result of sum death, active emigration and immigration of animals caused by anthropogenic load. By contributing to an intrapopulation polymorphism increase, the morphological heterogeneity of the grey wolf population increases the adaptive population ability, which ultimately favours the survival of this carnivore species.

The article provides the linguistics approach to the study of text-based interest. The purpose of the article is to identify the means and strategies used in expository texts from Russian school textbooks for the creation of text emotiveness. This characteristic of an interesting text has been repeatedly pointed out in the psychological research (Schiefele 2009). The article uses the linguistics methods of communicative and functional analysis and, in particular, the method of semantic modeling of emotive situations (Filimonova 2007). The authors intention to evoke the readers interest is the basis for forming an emotional-evoking type of expository discourse. The implementation of this intention is carried out through special discourse strategies called interest-evoking rhetorical strategies. Some of these strategies are based on the transmission of emotions as a special type of information in verbal interaction. In a text, this type of information is represented by emotiveness, that is, a component of text content through which the emotional states of participants of communication or characters are manifested. The article provides a description of four primary ways to create expository text emotiveness: 1) the usage of emotive insertions - commentaries made by the participant of communication acting as the subject who feels emotions; 2) the verbalization of the emotional scenario of interest for its projection to the reader; 3) the description of the characters emotional states; 4) the representation of abnormal situations (a disruption of normal and expected relations between components of a situation in the real world described in a text). The first two ways are related to the strategies of the text dialogization aimed at creating the dialogue form of an expository text, and the thematization of interest. The third way enhances the text vividness and the fourth increases its dynamics and unexpectedness for the reader.

Terrorism is an extremely serious problem of our time: it is a real threat to society and to the existence of humanity as a whole. The purpose of the proposed theoretical and analytical study of the problem of terrorism is to consider the psychological and social psychological factors of involvement in terrorist activities. To achieve the set goal, the authors analyse a number of foreign works and suggest a research line of this problem in order to be able to form a system for monitoring the youth environment. This determines the novelty and significance of this work. The relevance of addressing this complex interdisciplinary problem is explained by the fact that measures to counter terrorism are necessarily based on knowledge of the psychological factors that lead to radicalisation; equally, the development of preventive measures aimed at various groups of the population as well as the creation of programmes for deradicalisation are based on an understanding of the mechanisms of social behaviour. The starting point in the work is the concept of modern terrorism proposed by J. Baudrillard, because this author gives a quite accurate description of the specifics of modern (global) terrorism, which is in harmony with the results of psychological research and concepts that explain why a person takes the path of committing acts of extreme violence. The paper discusses the existence of a terrorist profile and examines the specifics of terrorist motivation. Special attention is paid to the ideas of M. Hogg, in the framework of the uncertainty - identity theory, which outlines the prospects for further development of the problem of terrorism and radicalisation.

The relevance of the study is caused by the need to reduce the amount of gas hydrates in the mixture stream or their complete destruction. In the oil and gas industry, gas hydrates are a negative factor, since they greatly complicate production, transportation and preparation of hydrocarbon raw materials. Under certain thermobaric conditions, hydrates precipitate and accumulate on the walls of vessels, pipelines and in the cavities of the valves, which leads to their wear and increase of hydraulic resistance, and, consequently, to increased energy costs. Existing methods to combat hydrate formation are very dangerous (using methanol to destruct hydrates), very expensive (using hydrate inhibitors) or energy consuming and not effective (heating the pipeline with a specialized cable). Also, accumulation of hydrates can adversely affect metering and metering devices. The main aim of the research is the experimental study of removing ice from a gas stream and its destruction in a specialized installation. Object: autonomous modular installation for combating hydrate treatment. Methods: theoretical methods to justify the patterns of heat and mass transfer, a calculation-analytical method for determining the amount of energy, practical methods for conducting experiments. Results. The laboratory stand was built on the basis of National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University; experiments were conducted for various gas flows with different thermobaric conditions; the main dependences of the quality of separation of ice from the mixture were analyzed; the practical significance of the development was proved; and recommendations were made for creating a prototype. A model for calculating the main structural parameters of a cyclone and a working cavity is considered. A methodology for conducting experiments and techniques for selecting optimal thermobaric parameters is presented.

The relevance of the study is caused by the need to summarize the accumulated experience and information on application of generally accepted methods for analyzing the effectiveness of the pressure maintenance system, identifying the advantages and disadvantages of each individual method, and formulating recommendations to simplify the efficiency analysis, while increasing the depth and quality of the analysis, which in the future will reduce production losses oil. The research aim is to formulate recommendations for improving the process of analyzing the effectiveness of the oil flooding system. The research subject: southern licensed territory of the Priobskoe field (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug). The research methods: correlation analysis of existing methods of evaluation of water-flooding oil reservoirs, identification of strengths and weaknesses, development of an integrated approach to the use of methods of analysis of effectiveness of waterflood, and assessment of prospects of application of research results. The research results. The paper discusses a methodology for optimizing the process of analyzing the effectiveness of a waterflooding system for oil fields by dividing them into smaller hydrodynamically closed sections of the reservoir – blocks (waterflood cells). To prevent loss of quality of the analysis, a transition from a reactive approach to diagnosing losses to a proactive one is proposed, which allows predicting and preventing a decrease in oil production. Based on the tendency to enlarge the sections of the reservoir to be analyzed, in comparison with traditional methods of analysis, and implement a proactive approach, an algorithm is proposed to increase the efficiency of base production management – proactive block factor analysis. The prospects of applying the results of block-factor analysis on the example of one of the blocks of the Priobskoe field (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area) is considered. It is possible to adapt the presented analysis algorithm to the necessary geological and physical conditions of other layers in order to adapt this technology in other oil and gas provinces.

The article studies axisymmetric forms of drop relative equilibrium on a rotating disk due to the action of gravitational, centrifugal and capillary forces. It is obtained that there are two main types of forms of equilibrium: with simply connected and not simply connected sets of points of contact of liquid and solid phases. A number of statements about these forms of equilibrium are proved analytically. The findings are consistent with the numerically found drop shapes for various examples of the input data. Curves for determination of dependencies between various parameters of liquid volume in relative rest are constructed.

The article presents the results of metal science research on the influence of nitrogen and vanadium microalloying of carbon steels with a carbon content of 0.5–0.8 wt.% on the thermodynamic and thermokinetic parameters of the phase redistribution of nitrogen and vanadium, as well as the formation of ferrite-pearlite, bainite and martensite structures and their transformation during high tempering. It was shown that the dispersion of the structure formed during cooling after austenitization, as well as the decrease of the growth rate and coagulation of cementite particles are the result of dispersion of the pearlite, bainite and martensite tempering structures. The positive effect of the dispersion of structures of all levels on the improvement of the mechanical properties (yield point, impact toughness, wear resistance under sliding and rolling friction, etc.) of the steel modified by nitrogen and vanadium microalloying is noted. That provides good prospects for the effective use of steels with dispersion nitride hardening for the production of railway wheels and rails.

The national emblem of the country as one of three main symbols of the state can be considered as the polycode text including a verbal component (the motto, the name of the country) and iconic heraldic components. Presence on the arms potentially conflict elements (a figure of a bestiary, the weapon and so forth) can be perceived as latent conflictogenity. The article deals with linguosemiotic analysis of the arms of all world countries for their hypothetical conflictogenity. The results of the interpretation by recipients potentially conflict arms (national emblems) are given.

The pathogenesis of diseases of the digestive tract of horses, accompanied by the development of inflammation and oxidative stress, can be associated with a lack of nitrogen monoxide, which controls a variety of signaling pathways in the body. Nitrogen monoxide (NO) takes part in the work of the immune and nervous systems, its level directly determines the tone of all blood vessels and the course of many pathological processes. NO should be considered as one of the most important factors in the protection of the gastric and intestinal mucosa. The article describes in detail the method for determining the level of nitrite-nitric oxide metabolite - in diseases of horses with the symptom complex of “true” colic, and also presents the results of measurements of nitrite in the serum of healthy animals of two age groups: 1-5 years and 6-25 years and animals with pathology. The concentration of nitrite in blood serum in horses of the age group of 6-25 years was 3.42 ± 4.22 μM, while in young animals (1-5 years) the level of this indicator was 8.24 ± 5.42 μM, which is 2,4 times higher. A sharp decrease of nitrite was noted in all horses with intestinal diseases of 2.07 ± 0.9 μM, especially with meteorism 0.6 ± 0.4 μM and spastic colic 1.78 ± 0.5 μM. These facts determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of nitric oxide as a biomarker for the regulation of intestinal motility in normal and pathological conditions.

The constant increase in the power of laser systems and the growth of potential fields for the application of lasers make the problem of protecting sensitive elements of electro-optical systems and visual organs from high-intensity radiation an urgent issue. Modern systems are capable of generating laser radiation in a wide range of wavelengths, durations, and pulse repetition rates. High-quality protection requires the use of a universal limiter capable of attenuating laser radiation, not causing colour distortion, and having a high transmission value when exposed to low-power radiation. For this, dispersed media based on carbon nanotubes with unique physicochemical properties can be used. Such media have constant values of their absorption coefficient and refractive index when exposed to low-intensity laser radiation and change their properties only when the threshold value is reached. The aim of this work was the study of the nonlinear optical properties of an aqueous dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes exposed to nano- and femtosecond radiation. For the characterization of the studied medium, Z-scan and fixed sample location experiments were used. The optical parameters were calculated using a threshold model based on the radiation transfer equation. As a result of the experiments, it was shown that the aqueous dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes is capable of limiting radiation with wavelengths from the visible and near-IR ranges: nano- (532, 1064 nm) and femtosecond (810 nm). A description of nonlinear optical effects was proposed for when a medium is exposed to radiation with a nanosecond duration due to reverse saturable absorption and two-photon absorption. When the sample exposed for a femtosecond duration the main limiting effect is spatial self-phase modulation. The calculated optical parameters can be used to describe the behaviour of dispersions of carbon nanotubes when exposed to radiation with different intensities. The demonstrated effects allow us to conclude that it is promising to use the investigated media as limiters of high-intensity laser radiation in optical systems to protect light-sensitive elements.

The paper discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, pathomorphology and pathophysiology of osteoarthritis of large joints from the perspective of evidencebased medicine. The processes occurring in the tissues of the joints during the development of the pathological process at various stages are described in detail; the features of diagnosis and treatment in sports medicine are described in detail. The characteristic of drugs used to treat osteoarthritis is described, with a description of the positive effect and negative effect on particular organs and systems. A preparation Alflutop was comprehensively analysed regarding its effectiveness in terms of safety and impact on the development of the pathological process. It was shown that Alflutop is a drug of choice in the treatment of joint destruction.

Tajik Expedition. Middle Asia.

Relevance. In Tomsk region there are favorable conditions for implementing such efficient way to use associated petroleum gas, as its co-treatment with natural gas applying the technique of low-temperature separation. This direction is supposed to be developed. The сompany «Gazpromneft-Vostok» is implementing a large-scale investment project aimed at achieving a 95 % level of beneficial use of associated petroleum gas from the cluster of the fields. The gas produced at this cluster will be directed to the gas and condensate treatment plant at Myldzhinskiy oil and gas condensate field. On the other hand, for treatment of gas from gas-condensate fields, the crucial task is to increase the yield of the stabilized hydrocarbon condensate. To solve this problem, it is necessary to optimize the process schemes of low-temperature separation based on the component gas compositions. Therefore, the relevant topic is to study the effect of petroleum gas on the rate of recovery of condensing components in the treatment of a mixture of gases of different origins. The main aim of the research is to determine the effect of associated petroleum gas on the rate of hydrocarbon recovery C3-4 and C5+ in gas co-treatment of gas-condensate and oil fields based on low-temperature separation. The object of the research is an integrated gas and condensate treatment plant. Method: modeling with a software package Aspen HYSYS. Results. Dry gas from the natural gas field has the maximum expander effect: 11–22 °C/MPa. Decrease in methane content of gases in the gas condensate and oil fields leads to reduction of the expander effect. When lowering gas temperature before the expander from minus 5°C to minus 20°C the expander effect value decreases for the gases of the gas and gas condensate fields, but increases for the gases of oil fields. Co-treatment of associated petroleum and natural gases allows eliminating the retrograde condensate evaporation. Co-treatment of the studied gas condensate and associated petroleum gases at a pressure of 6 MPa before the expander increases the recovery rate of C5+ hydrocarbons into unstable condensate by 1.9%, but decreases the recovery rate of C3-4 hydrocarbons by 7.9% relative to the expected values.

In the paper, we present test results of methods for the noninvasive diagnosis of skin neoplasms, based on the hyperspectral registration of images by using a camera with an acousto-optic tunable filter. For the identification of oncological pathologies, an integral spectral index has been proposed for a set of concentric regions around the source of neoplasm growth for the tissue sample under study. As well as taking account of changes in the spectral properties of the tissue, the introduced index indirectly takes into account classical ABCD dermatoscopic features: asymmetry, border irregularity, color diversity, and the tumor diameter. Results of training set separating are presented and the applicability of the proposed approaches to the clinical practice is shown.

Introduction. This paper presents the study of psychophysiological correlates of the performance of verbal tasks in situations initiating personal meanings. For the first time in psychophysiological research the authors employed meaning tasks as a tool for modeling the meaning-building process. The authors suggest that certain patterns of the electrical activity of the brain may be associated with the performance of verbal tasks in situations initiating personal meanings. Methods. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to test the hypothesis offered by the authors. The EEG activity was recorded from 128 leads using a multi-channel electroencephalograph (Neurovisor-136, Medical Computer Systems, LTD, Russia). The study sample comprised 52 individual participants – boys and girls aged 18 to 25 years. The participants were asked to interactively perform two types of tasks, namely (a) emotionally neutral logical tasks (control) and (b) verbal tasks that modeled situations of personal meaning initiation (test). Results. Brain activity patterns of the performance of simple mental tasks were significantly different from the frequency and spatial characteristics of the bioelectric activity of the cerebral cortex during the performance of verbal tasks in situations initiating personal meanings (p

Introduction. This paper (a) presents the study of psychological differences in manifestations of aggressive attitudes and personal characteristics among representatives of various ethnic groups living in South Russia and (b) concentrates on genetic differences in the COMT Val158Met polymorphism within the study sample. This is the first study that (a) has assessed manifestations of aggressive attitudes and personal characteristics in healthy representatives of various ethnic groups with different COMT genotypes and (b) has offered normative data for the Wagner Hand Test obtained from an investigation in a sample of South Russian individual participants. Methods. The study used the following techniques: (a) the Spielberger–Hanin anxiety test, (b) the questionnaire of formal-dynamic characteristics of personality by Rusalov, and (c) the Wagner Hand Test (in Kurbatova’s modification). Genetic analysis included the method for DNA extraction from buccal epithelial cells and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The psychological study involved university students (n = 163; mean age, 18.9 years); the psychogenetic study involved residents of Crimea (n = 76; 57 women and 19 men). Results. The representatives of Russian and Tatar ethnic groups with the Met/Met COMT genotype had significantly higher total scores of aggression and direction, higher level of trait anxiety, and low motor ergicity. Tatar girls from the Val/Val COMT genotype group had high scores in the exhibitionism scale. The Val/Met COMT genotype in Russian girls was associated with manifestations of tension (anxiety) and ‘pathology’ as a total index of ‘personal maladjustment’ and the ‘tendency to escape from reality’. Discussion. The obtained results can be applied to the practice of individualized socio-pedagogical impacts on representatives of various ethnic groups with the genotypes associated with maladaptive personality traits.