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The development of contemporary South Africa political economy occurred within the context of a global capitalist order characterized by increasingly unequal political and economic relations between and within countries. Before liberation in 1994, many people across the world actively supported the struggle against apartheid, with South Africa’s neighbouring states paying the highest price. The ‘sovereignty’ of the apartheid state was challenged by three processes: first, economic, cultural and sporting sanctions called for by Nelson Mandela’s African National Congress and other liberation movements, which from the 1960s-80s were increasingly effective in forcing change; second, solidaristic foreign governments including Sweden’s and the USSR’s provided material support to overthrowing the Pretoria Regime; and third, military defeat in Angola and the liberation of neighbouring Mozambique (1975), Zimbabwe (1980) and Namibia (1990) signalled the inevitability of change. But that state nevertheless maintained sufficient strength - e.g. defaulting on foreign debt and imposing exchange controls in 1985 - to ensure a transition to democracy that was largely determined by local forces. Since 1994, the shrinkage of sovereignty means the foreign influences of global capitalism amplify local socio-economic contradictions in a manner destructive to the vast majority of citizens. This is evident when considering economic, ecological, geopolitical and societal considerations.

Seven species of eagle breed in France: Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina), Bonelli’s Eagle (Aquila fasciata), Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus), Short-toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus), Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) and White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). Populations of all species have increased since the beginning of the 2000s and breeding pairs are estimated at: 2500-3300 in 2012 (Short-toed Eagle), 585-810 in 2012 (Booted Eagle), 450-500 in 2012 (Golden Eagle), 80-90 in 2015 (Osprey),33 in 2016 (Bonelli’s Eagle) and 1 each in 2018 (Lesser spotted Eagle and White-tailed Eagle). These two latter species became new breeding species in 2003 and 2011 respectively. Productivity, expressed as fledgling/pair/year, is estimated to be on average 0.57 (Short-toed Eagle), 1.56 (Osprey), 1.18 (Bonelli’s Eagle), 0.82 (Lesser spotted Eagle), 1.1 (White-tailed Eagle) and from 0.26 (min) to 0.70 (max) (Golden Eagle). The main threats to reproduction relate to decreases in habitat quality (resulting from disturbance, habitat loss and wind farms) and the increase of mortality (from power lines, poaching and poisoning).

The article is dedicated to the analysis of centrifugal tendencies within the framework of BRICS and to their influence on the processes, proceeding in the system of global world. Factors, which stimulate these tendencies are examined. The author considers that, in spite of positive potential and the notable position, which the countries of BRICS play under the conditions of global crisis phenomena, by their present economic policy they contribute to the sanitation “of imperialism”; activate the negative manifestations of the global “crisis of capitalism”. In the author’s the opinion multipolarity strengthens the neoliberal nature of institutes, especially in spheres of finances, trade and climate. The corporations, which are based in the countries of BRICS, demonstrate super-exploitation in the course of the accumulation of capital both in their regions and beyond their limits. The article is based on comprehension of documents of international organizations, including UNCTAD, analytics views, sometimes adhering to contrary opinions. The main aim of the author is to prove the possibility to move in positive direction. The article contains the claim to the society of BRICS members to consider summit of BRICS in Johannesburg in 2018 as an invitation for serious discussion of the problems of contemporary global policy.