Search

The brain is extremely complicated three dimensional structures made up of interconnected neurons and neuroglia cells. It entails all type of functions of our body whether we are healthy or in disease conditions. Brain is accountable for our connectivity with the surroundings; all this is performed by an organized and systemic electrical activity of neurons by which they communicate messages to and from the brain. The abnormal electrical activity leading to the intense outburst of impulses, results in the development of epilepsy. Epilepsy is typified by recurrent, unprovoked seizures as a result excessive, hypersynchronous discharge of neurons occurs in the brain. Nearly 1% of the population throughout the worldwide is suffering from epilepsy and almost 75% begins at childhood. The patients almost one third are resistant to current available antiepileptic drugs. We don’t have the deep knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease which can prove useful in further research for drugs with new mechanisms of action for diseases. This paper covers the role various neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Our objective is to introduce the scientists with that aspect of the disease which may prove useful for further development of new drugs of epilepsy to overcome the resistance shown by the patientsorithm.

Gynocentrism exclusive focuses on women both as theory and practice. Anything can be considered gynocentric when it is concerned exclusively with a female point of view. The works of Langston Hughes, which reflect the intersection of races and genders in the lives of blacks, are studied. His contributions take multiple forms including poetry, short stories, dramas and novels which are about black women's love, nature, romantic dilemmas, mother - daughter relationships, friendship, and silences. The authors analyze how gender in a special way colors female identity in Hughes' works. He expresses interdependence of genders and racial identities in his representations of black women and hence can be dubbed as gender racial. His writings are in a gender racial style, highlighting and intertwining gender and racial identities. Hughes' overcomes gender and racial stereotypes with open discussions on contentious themes. It is concluded that Hughes creates an alternative to repressive social realities by combining challenges with sensual visions.

Haematospermia (or haemospermia) is a distressing symptom in sexually active men. In most cases, it is caused by non-specific inflammation of the prostate and seminal vesicles. In a small percentage of men, however, it may be a manifestation of genito-urinary or systemic malignancy, in particular prostate cancer. The purpose of this review is to explain the causes and management of patients with haematospermia.

Haematospermia (or haemospermia) is a distressing symptom in sexually active men. In most cases, it is caused by non-specific inflammation of the prostate and seminal vesicles. In a small percentage of men, however, it may be a manifestation of genito-urinary or systemic malignancy, in particular prostate cancer. The purpose of this review is to explain the causes and management of patients with haematospermia.