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В статье рассматривается проблема управления просроченной задолженностью заемщиков при банковском кредитовании. Автор анализирует проблемы, возникающие при банковском кредитовании.

The use of extracts obtained from fruit and berry raw materials has long found application in the alimentary industry. So, their use allows to get a finished food product not only with unique natural organoleptic characteristics, but also to increase the nutritional value of the finished food product. At the same time, the processing of local wild-growing fruit and berry raw materials is of great importance for the economy of many regions. However, a limiting factor in obtaining extracts from fruit and berry raw materials is the lack of a highly efficient and flexible technology based on modern extraction methods. The paper considers a modern method of obtaining extracts from frozen fruit and berry raw materials in the field of low-frequency mechanical vibrations. The method is not only effective from the point of view of obtaining extracts with a high content of target components, but also allows to reduce the number of pieces of equipment in the technological chain of production, which increases the simplicity in reconfiguring the line for other types of raw materials. At the same time, the limiting factor in the use of this method is its low exploration degree and, as a consequence, the lack of rational values for the process. On the basis of literature sources and a series of experiments, the main parameters that affect the efficiency of the process, i.e the final concentration of the target components in the finished extract, have been determined. To find the rational values of these parameters, a series of experiments was carried out. The data obtained were processed, and regression equations were obtained for the dependence of the yield of the target components into the extractant (water) on the main parameters affecting the process for two types of raw materials - cranberries and blueberries. The resulting equations were optimized to find rational parameters. Based on the results obtained, a control series of experiments was carried out, confirming that the parameters found are rational and the values of the yield of the target components in practice do not differ by more than 5% from the those obtained analytically.

The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of analgesia by infiltration of the skin flap with local anesthetic in children with craniosynostosis after reconstructive surgery.Materials and subjects. 50 children with craniosynostosis, who underwent reconstructive surgery on skull bones, were divided into two groups based on the method of postoperative anesthesia: in Group 1(experimental), the infiltration of the skin flap was used within multimodal anesthesia, while in Group 2, it was standard parenteral use of analgesic drugs. In the postoperative period, pain severity was assessed by FLACC scales, the amount of opioid and non-opioid analgesics consumed was assessed by the formalized Analgesiс Assessment Scale (FSA), and non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring (BP, HR) was performed.Results. The statistical analysis of the results revealed significant differences between groups in the assessment results of FSA and FLACC scales. In Group 1, the level of postoperative pain was significantly lower compared to Group 2. The amount of opioid and non-opioid analgesics consumed was also significantly lower in Group 1.Conclusion. The use of the infiltration of the skin flap as part of multimodal analgesia in children with craniosynostosis, after reconstructive surgery on skull bones significantly reduces the intensity of pain and the amount of opioid analgesics consumed in the postoperative period.

At a non-uniform depth of the surface layer of the human skin, due to the biophysical necessity of normal functioning of the organism, as well as the presence of pathological processes in certain areas of the body, a temperature correction is proposed. It allows to refine the surface temperature, determined by a standard non-invasive thermographic method.

An equipment complex having a modular construction is designed to measure spectral reflectances and angular patterns of scattered light from skin, spectral direct and diffuse transmittance coefficients of humoral media.

The article discusses global economic problems in conditions of finance crisis from the point of view of market economy development. The development of humanity today has mainly the economic component and business processes in conditions of market economy are considered only in view of profit. According to the author it is groundless, as economic processes apart from economic components must bear social and humanitarian function. Only in this situation science starts working for society but not for a small group or several groups , who lobby their own targets and interests. Main problems in the dynamic of global social and economic processes and growth in confrontation of interests of different public groups are identified as the movement of two interconnected powers, i.e. collective labor and private capital, in different directions and their inversely proportional accumulation of capital.

The experience of plasty of the pharynx and esophagus with graft of the free small intestine segment was presented in 12 children after burn stricture by the potassium permanganate. The technical aspects of operation using methods of the reconstructive vascular surgery were described. Good short-term result was obtained in all the patients. The long-term results were investigated during 15 years. It was observed, that the graft diverticulum developed by 4–7 years in 3 patients, whom repeated operation should be performed. According to the authors, the regional plasty of the esophagus by free revasculizated small intestine graft was really effective surgical supply and could be considered as the method of choice in limited scarry lesions of the pharynx and cervical esophagus, but the method should be improved.

The results of development of experimental series of inactivated poliovirus vaccine based on Sabin strains (s-IPV) using conventional modern techniques are presented. Comparative analysis of immunogenicity of the experimental s-IPV and commercial IPV prepared from «wild» poliovirus strains (Imovax, Sanofi Pasteur S.A., France) using several models of laboratory animals showed their identity regarding Sabin and «wild» strains. Original method (an ELISA using specific chicken egg yolk antibodies of class Y-IgY) for quantitative determination of D-antigen in elaboration of vaccine formulation has been developed and protected by patent; conventional control methods in accordance with the WHO and European Pharmacopoeia requirements have been adopted. Finally, at experimental level it was shown that basic characteristics of the s-IPV are comparable with those of commercial IPV prepared from «wild» poliovirus strains

Based on incidence data malignant lymphomas in Russia, Central federal district and in the Kursk region from 2007 to 2014. Analyzed the incidence of malignant lymphomas in Kursk region in the overall structure of morbidity malignant neoplasms in Russia and Central federal district in that period, and made disease forecast malignant lymphoma 6 years (up to 2020) in Kursk region.

In the article within the comparative analysis tendencies of functioning of the economic complex of a number of regions of the South of Russia in recent years are revealed. The potential of modernization of the economy of Stavropol Krai is presented. The influence of the organizational and administrative innovations on the activity and efficiency of use in practice of territorial management of institutes of economic development is shown. Realization of the administrative capacity of bodies of the regional power of Stavropol Krai is mainly connected with the development of the production sector of the region. The monitoring and the management of regional economy become basic elements of the creation of a diversified, effective and competitive environment focused on the creation in the region of industrial complexes which produce finished final products.

The paper contains definitions for a process and a methodology for restoration of parts on the basis of the analysis of the known methods and their selection. Geometric parameters and operational properties that should be provided for restoration of parts have been determined in the paper. A process for selection of the required method for restoration parts has been improved and it makes it possible to synthesize an optimal process of the restoration according to a criterion of industrial resource consumption with due account of quality, productivity and security limits. A justification on measures that meet the required limits has been presented in the paper. The paper shows a direction of technical solutions that ensure complete use of residual life of repair fund parts. These solutions can be achieved through close application of all repair sizes of work-pieces with revision of their values, uniform removal of the allowance while cutting the work-pieces at optimum locating, application of coating processes only in technically justified cases, application of straightening with thermal fixing of its results or all-around compression of deformable elements. The paper proposes to limit a number of overhauls for the units together with restoration of basic and fundamental parts by two repairs for the whole period of their lifetime. Number of shaft journal building-up should be limited by one building-up operation throughout the whole life cycle of the part with the purpose to preserve its length within the prescribed limits. It has been recommended to expand an application area of volumetric plastic deformation of material in the form of thermoplastic distribution or reduction of repair work-pieces representing class of rotation bodies with holes that ensures an allowance to machine external and internal surfaces for nominal dimensions without coating. A structure of the coating material with fine inclusions of carbides or nitrides of metals and preferred orientation of structural components perpendicular to the restored surface under the influence of heat removal has been established in the paper. Due to surface plastic deformation the structure orientates fiber axis tangentially in the direction of relative sliding that inhibits growth of fatigue radially oriented cracks.

The floristic similarity of coal-bearing deposits of Donetsk, Karaganda, Pechora and Kuznetsk basins is caused by evolution of coal-forming plants of upper Paleozoic and is reflected in the petrographic composition of coals. Plant mass of peat bogs with high content of proteins and lipids become the cause of floristic restorability (Prfl) under the influence of climatic, paleogeographic factors and the evolution of plants. Indicators Pg (degree of coal gelification) and Prfl (degree of coal restorability) are proved to reveal features of sedimentogenesis of different coals basins better than petrographic composition indexes do.

Aim. To investigate the association between LPL HindIII (rs320) and CETP Taq1b (rs708272) polymorphisms with the risk of atherothrombotic stroke (ATS) in the population of Central Russia. Materials and methods. A total of 832 DNA samples obtained from 417 patients with ATS and from 415 healthy individuals of the corresponding gender and age were investigated. The polymorphisms were genotyped by a real-time PCR assay using TaqMan probes. Results. The carriage of heterozygous LPL +495TG genotype was found to be associated with the lower risk of ATS (odds ratio (OR)=0.71; 95% CI: 0.53—0.94; p=0.02). A gender-stratified analysis showed that in the men the variant LPL +495TG genotype was associated with the increased risk of ATS (OR=2.06; 95% CI: 1.03—4.14; р=0.04) while the heterozygous +495GG genotype had a protective effect against the risk of stroke (OR=0.66; 95% CI: 0.45—0.97; р=0.04). Variance analysis established that this polymorphism was found to be associated with the increased prothrombin index in the men with ATS (p=0.01). Conclusion. This study was the first to reveal the association of the LPL HindIII (rs320) polymorphism with the increased prothrombin index and the risk of ATS in the Russian male population.

An external recirculation loop was used as the method of increasing the concentration of dry soluble substances in the obtained extract. The objective of the research is to determine the value of the external recirculation index (KR), which provides the optimal conditions for the process carrying out. The results of the conducted research show the increase in the concentration of dry soluble substances in the extract if the external recirculation index increases. It is conditioned by the extension of the interaction between the processed raw mate-rial and the extract, as well as by the decrease in the surface tension of the extracting agent, which results in improving the conditions of its penetration into the pores of particles. Such an opposite property of recirculation as the decrease in mass transfer rate was also ob-served. It causes the significant rise of dry soluble substances losses while discharging extraction cake, which leads to the performance degradation. According to the analytical evaluation of the obtained results, the maximum process results are observed if KR = 1 (without recirculation) and KR = 2, the values of the optimality criterion are 5.02∙10-3 and 4.92∙10-3 % mass/W respectively. At the same time the operation of the apparatus with the recirculation loop at KR = 2 is characterized by 62%-increase in dry soluble substances concentration in the extract as compared to a pure extracting agent. The efficiency of recirculation at KR = 2 is proved by the saving of energy con-sumed on the evaporation of the extract obtained. The energy costs calculation for the production of 60l of 12 % mass dry soluble sub-stances concentration extract showed that if the initial dry soluble substances concentration is raised to 6 % mass (KR = 2), the amount of consumed saturated vapor is 104.1 kg less, which is 281685 kJ if the vapor specific enthalpy is 2706.29 kJ/kg.

Long-term materials on primary production of phytoplancton of the Northern Caspian sea are considered. The reasons of the fishery production decrease and its trophic status are specified.

The long-term data on stocks and cathing of the Caspian sprat are presented. The reasons of its dynamics are analyzed.

The paper describes the general ichthyopathological state and new mycosis and oncological diseases of parenchyme organs in anchovy kilka (liver, spleen, testicles).

The experimental modeling of a kidney resection and nephrectomy in a series on 100 laboratory rats in comparison with group of the control animals has revealed essential authentic (p < 0,05) the disorder of kathecholamine metabolism not only in operating kidney, but also in opposite, and also in heart and Central nerve System. As a result of 30-day's supervision over animals is revealed, that the specified the disorder of kathecholamine metabolism in the early postoperative period after nephrectomy are expressed much in the greater degree and up to the end of experiment is saved in comparison with group of a kidney resection, in which by 30 day of experience all investigated parameters were normalized. The given study is an experimental substantiation the greater pathophysiological safety of a kidney resection in comparison with nephrectomy.

Comparison of the results of preoperative spiral computed tomography (SCT) in 107 patients with renal tumors and postoperative biopsy data revealed differences in the sensitivity and specificity of SCT phases in the diagnosis of cancer and other space-occupying lesions of the kidney. Based on the results of the study, the authors propose an optimal SCT diagnostic protocol, by using certain SCT phases and their combination in patients with renal space-occupying lesions in relation to the objective of a forthcoming study. SCT protocol optimization is an important moment that allows reductions in a radiation burden on the patient on the one hand, and in the cost of the urological use of this high-techradiodiagnostic technique on the other.

Objective. To analyze the errors and complications of treatment of school age children with congenital recurrent clubfoot, treated in RISC «RTO» by transosseous osteosyntesis. Material and methods. Within the period of 1999-2010 119 patients (148 feet) between the ages of 7 to 18 years with congenital recurrent clubfoot were treated by the Ilizarovs method. Patients of this group, along with holding the wires on the shin and foot, corresponding to the Ilizarov fixator assembly, received surgical procedures on soft tissue, osteotomy and stabilizing operations. Results. In the course of treatment complications were observed in 22 patients, accounted for 18.5% of the total number of patients. All complications were typical for transosseous osteosynthesis, eliminated during a course of treatment and did not affect his final result. Conclusion. Adherence to the methodical principles of transosseous osteosynthesis by Ilizarov in the surgical treatment of patients of school age with recurrent congenital clubfoot and rational management of patients in the postoperative period is the prevention of complications and contributes to achieving good results.

Aim. To assess the risk of cardiovascular events due to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in persons without organic heart diseases. Subjects and methods. Two hundred and forty men complaining about their sleep snoring and/or daytime drowsiness and 209 men without this symptomatology were examined. The presence of OSAS was verified by cardiorespiratory monitoring. Blood lipid composition, blood pressure, heart rate, and body mass index were determined in all the examinees. The risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was assessed using the SCORE and PROCAM scales. Results. When only the subjective manifestations of OSAS were present, there was a preponderance of hypercholesterolemia and an increased risk for CVD as possible markers of preclinical atherosclerosis. Hypertension and smoking, as well as a combination of 4 traditional CVD risk factors are recognized the worst. At the same time, the PROCAM scale allows identification of a high-risk group, the size of which is 1.6 times more than that of the group rated by the SCORE scale. Conclusion. OSAS is an important CVD risk factor and the PROCAM scale is more preferable to identify a group at high risk for CVD among subjects with OSAS.

Aim. To assess the specifics of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (BPM) parameters and their association with body mass index (BMI) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome. Material and methods. The study included 120 AH patients with BMI under or over 25 kg/m2, who underwent 24-hour BMP and combined monitoring of electrocardiogram (ECG) and breathing. Results. AH patients with OSA syndrome demonstrated increased mean daytime and nighttime levels of systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP) and a 1,5-fold increase in SBP and DBP pressure load indices. Patients with increased BMI had disturbed circadian BP profile, with reduced mean 24-hour difference, more pronounced for DBP (2,4-fold difference), and an increase in the “over-dipper” prevalence (from 13,3 % to 42,1 %). Conclusion. The combination of AH, OSA syndrome, and increased BMI substantially affected 24-hour BPM parameters. Increased BMI was associated with disturbed circadian BP profile and increased levels of mean 24-hour BP and nighttime BP

Aim. To investigate the effects of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) on clinical and functional status of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI); to assess the association between pre-existing stable angina and AMI clinical course in the first 3 months. Material and methods. The study included 68 AMI patients; in 38 participants, OSA was diagnosed based on the electrocardiography and breathing monitoring results. All patients underwent echocardiography and veloergometry. Results. In OSA patients, AMI risk was higher among young individuals with preexisting diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. OSA severity was maximal during the acute phase of AMI. Clinical course of AMI in OSA patients was characterised by disturbed cardiac hemodynamics and progressing myocardial ischemia; during the follow-up period, significant improvement was observed only for the latter. Preexisting stable angina partly counterbalanced negative effects of OSA, being linked to a 1,9-fold reduction in the number of ischemic episodes, and a 2,2-fold decrease in total ischemia duration over 24 hours. Conclusion. The results obtained should be taken into consideration while treating AMI and preventing its complications.

Aim. To characterize sleep apnea (SA) in patients with systolic cardiac failure (SCF) using respiratory monitoring, sleep quality and diurnal drowse questionnaires. Material and methods. A total of 358 SCF outpatients with SA episodes were examined: 24 hour ECG and respiration monitoring, an analysis of diurnal drowse questionnaire survey, apnea and snoring self-appraisal. Results. Significant SA episodes were registered in 15.1% of 358 patients (SA index 5 and more per hour). The episodes occurred significantly more frequently in patients with overweight and had high sensitivity and specificity. However, no correlation was found with severity of diurnal drowse, sleep duration and age. SA risk was relatively high in patients with a history of snoring and nocturnal sleep apnea (2.95-2.79). The significance of the latter rose to 9.12-8.81 in SCF patients with normal myocardial mass index. Conclusion. Subjective and objective sleep characteristics, except diurnal drowse, can be used for risk stratification in SCF patients with SA.

The paper examines certain parameters of a determined model and its response to changes in these parameters. The determined model for bidirectional movement has been developed in the paper. The paper contains proposals for an optimization of the developed model which are intended for reduction of motor vehicle delays in front of an in-traffic light stop line along the main highway direction.

Aim. To study associations of C825T (rs5443) and G272S (rs16932941) polymorphisms of GNB3 gene in Russian population of the Central Chernozem region with essential hypertension (EH) risk; to elicit the role of environmental risk factors in realization of EH predisposition in this gene genotypes carriers. Material and methods. We studied DNA samples obtained from 205 EH patients and 207 healthy individuals. EH patients were treated in Kursk hospitals. Genotyping of GNB3 gene polymorphisms was conducted by polymerase chain reaction and restriction analysis. Results. Prevalence of 825T allele of GNB3 gene in EH patients and healthy individual was 0.334 and 0.295, respectively, of 272S allele - 0.037 and 0.058, respectively. We found no significant differences by prevalence of genotypes of gene GNB3 polymorphisms C825T and G272S in EH patients and healthy individuals. Non-smoking carriers of 272GS genotype had a low risk of EH (OR 0.42 in 95% CI from 0.18 to 0.97; p = 0.04). Smokers had no protective effect of this genotype. The protective effect of 272GS genotype was also found in individuals with low or moderate alcohol drinking habits (OR 0.29 in 95% CI from 0.11 to 0.77, p = 0.02) and in individuals without chronic exposure to stress (OR 0.29 in 95% CI from 0.09 to 0.91, p = 0.04). In contrast, hard drinkers and patients exposed to chronic stress had no protective effect of heterozygous genotype 272GS of gene GNB3. Conclusion. G272S polymorphism of GNB3 gene can be considered as a new genetic marker of predisposition to EH. The protective effect depends of environmental factors associated with high risk to develop EH.